ARE FIQHTINQ TUBERCULOSIS.
State LoglolatUrea Taking Action to
Lesson the Malady.
Only flvo statoa in tho United
States, Including tho District of Co-
umbln, have laws directly compel
ling tho reporting and registration ot
tuberculosis, and of these, but two
and tho District of Columbia, mako
very much of nn effort to enforce tho
ftw. Only eight Stntes have laws for
bidding spitting fn public places, and
In nono of thoso States Is tho law
strictly enforced. Rcnllzlng Uio dan
gers from promiscuous Bpltting, and
Inability to locato tuberculosis casos
without a registration law, bills aro
being Introduced In over a dozen dlt
feront legislatures to remedy thoso
defocts.
According to a report Issued by tho
National Association for the Study
and Prevention of Tuberculosis, tho
reporting or tuberculosis cases 1b ono
of tho fist requisites lu the stamping
out of tho dlsoaso Until tho health
authorities know whero thoso afflicted
with tuberculosis reside they aro
powerless to remove tho dangers
caused by theso Infected porsons. It
Is now established that tuberculosis
must bo clhBScd with smallpox, dlph
thorla, Bcarlet fever, or nny othor In
fectious disease. This being tho caso,
the report doclaros It is Just as neces
sary for tho public health that It bo
registered.
Tho most decided stop in tho regis
tration of tuberculosis was taken In
1004 by tho State of Maryland, whero
a law passed compelling tho report
ing of this disenso, and inflicting a
heavy flno for non-conipllnnco. This
law requires that tho State Hoard of
Health pay f 1.00 to every physician
reporting a case of tuberculosis, and
also that It furnish him with llternturo
and preventive supplies for tho uso
of his patients. This measuro was in
fluenced by tho success of a movo
ment started In Now York city in
1897. to compel tho reporting of tuber
culosis. In 1908 laws modeled some
what nfter tho Maryland lnw wero
passed In New York State and tho Dis
trict of Columbia. Tho State or Ver
mont hnd passed a registration law
In 1902, and In Washington it had
been a law that tuberculor.Is bo report
ed in the first nnd second class cities
as early as 1899. Theso laws had, how
ever, never been of much service, nnd
few now cases wero secured through
them. Besides theo Stato8t which
have direct and special laws compel
ling tho reporting of tuberculosis,
thero arc six which require reporting
of tuberculosis ns ono or tho Infectious
diseases. They nro California, In
diana. Kausfis, Maine, Massachusetts
nnd Utah. For tho most part, theso
laws aro of little value.
Tho following States and Territo
ries have regulations of Ihe Health
Departments requiring that Tuber
culosis bo rcportod: Connecticut,
Towa, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana,
Nebraska. New Jersey, North Dakota.
Oregon. Pennsylvania, Philippine Is
lands, Rhode Island and Tcnnesnoo.
Thoso regulations seldom secure tho
desired results. Tho other States of
tho Union have no laws or regulation
on tho subject.
Other legislation affecting tuber
culosis Is, In tho main, that concern
ing spitting and with regard to State
sanatoria and dlspensnrles. There are
nlno States and Territories which
liavo laws forbidding spitting. Thoy
are Dolawaro. Kansas, Maryland, Mas
sachusetts, New Jersey, Now Mexico,
Phillpplno Islands, Tennessee and Vir
ginia. Twelve states and tho DIs
trlct of Columbia now maintain
sanatoria or hospitals for Indigent lu
Ijorculosls patlonts. They aro Massa
chusetts. New York, Iowp, Maryland,
"Minnesota, Michigan, Missouri, Now
Jorsey, North Cnrollnn, Pennsylvania,
Ehodc iBland and Wisconsin. Besides
those, In Indiana. Ohio, Now Hamp
shire and Virginia, sites have been
purchased for similar institutions,
nnd In Massachusetts work has been
commenced on threo ntoie hospitals
for advanced casos In edition to tho
Stato .Sanatorium at Rutland. In
Alabama and Georgia, laws have been
passed authorizing and providing for
tho erection of Stato sanatoria. In
Connecticut nnd West Vlrglnln, com
missions aro preparing to recommend
the establishment of suc.r Institutions
at the ensuing legislatures.
In Washington, Oregon, California,
North Dakota, South Dakota, Minne
sota, Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, Ten
nessee, Missouri, Illinois, Pennsylva
nia, Rhodo Islnnd, Connecticut, Maine
and West Virginia, active campaigns
will bo carried on this winter In tho
various legislatures to secure action
affecting tho treatment nnd preven
tion of tuberculosis.
IN DEATH VALLEY MINUS FOOD.
Prospectors Rescued By Relief Expe
dition Just In Time.
San Francisco. Tho Molroao party
of sevort porsonB which loft Nevada
recently and became lost In Death
Valley region, has been rescued by
Boarchers, who found tho lost pros
pectors huddled together In a cavo in
tho Pnnamlnt mountains, whero they
had taken their sholter from heavy
showers. For three days tho men of
tho party had boen without food.
Two and Half Million Lots,
London. Upon tho petition of tho
creditors tho court Issued an ordor
for tho compulsory winding up of tho
affairs of tho London and Paris ox
change, ono of tho biggest outsldo
.brokerage firms In England, that wont
Into tho hands of n receiver January
:25. Tho receiver has intimated that
'the amount of ensh at his disposal is
barely sufficient to cover back rent
"Rumor places tho Iobs of tho compa
ny's clients nnywhero from fl.250,000
to $2,500,000. Theso losses aro
chiefly in small amounts,
IDN -Or
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WASHINGTON
CJ3OS0AG TttZT J3LAAA&E-.f
HOUGH tho pages of Ameri
can history nro adorned
with tho names of many
great men, nono aro bright
er and moro beautifully
described In letters of
chased gold than thoso of
Washington and Lincoln.
Students of history
nro divided In their
Judgment which of
tho two men Is tho greater. But It Is
not really Importnnt that, this question
bo decided. Destiny planned a certain
lino of work for both men, nnd thoy did
that work well. Their Innate ability Is
only partly rosponslblo for their suc
cess; It was their unselfishness and de
sire to do well whatever thoy under
took which helped them to succeed
whero others might havo failed. If Lin
coln deserves praise because necessity
spurred him on to greatness, Washing
ton deserves as much credit becauso ho
becamo great without being driven on
by necessity. Destiny demanded a
double rolo of Washington sho mado
him a soldier and a statcsmnn, and ho
performed both well. His trials as
president wero almost as great as thoso
ho encountered as commander-in-chief
of tho army. Ho was placed at tho head
of a now form of government, nnd did
not havo precedents to guldo him" In
his undertaking. It was his early train
ing which taught him to think calmly
and with Judgment. His mind onco
mado up, to act without fear.
Ho was born on tho banks of tho Po
tomac river In s. farmhouse; though tho
houso was far better than a log cabin,
it wns not tho mansion It Is supposed
to havo been. It was a largo, roomy
place, with a deep sloping roof and u
big outside chimney nt either end. Ho
was ono of many children. His father
was rich In crops nnd land, though ho
had llttlo real money. Most Vlrglnln
farmers planted tobacco, and when mon
ey was scarco they traded this product
for food and clothing. His early years
wero spent on tho farm, with nlnntv nf
excrclso and llttlo schooling. Gcorgo loved to
tramp across tho Holds, forests and to swim
In tho streams. Ills education was gained nt
a country school whore ho wns taught for threo
.hours a day. Limited as his education was,
ho was fond of reading, and ho had n book
into which ho copied everything ho wished to
remember, In this book ho put many rules
which ho himself hnd formulated. Theso aro
only a few of tho many:
"Lnbor to keop allvo in your breast that llt
tlo spark ot celestial flro called conscience."
"Think before you speak."
"Whisper not In the company of others."
Lawrence, ono of tho half-brothers, had been
sent to England to school, and tho parents
had planned tho samo for Georgo, but the
father died suddenly, and Mrs. Washington
realized sho could not nfford to send him across
tho ocean. Tho boy had spent considerable
time on tho "wharf and talking to sonmen had
awakened a deslro for adventure. Theso sto
rlos created a desire to earn a living as a sail
or, and ho suggested it to his mother. Mrs.
Washington did not like tho Idea of having
George leavo homo nor did sho approve of his
career. Ho was sent back to school to study
surveying. When not studying ho was training
his company of boys to become soldiers, and ho
often got very impationt when they made mis
takes. Shortly after his brother Lawrcnco hnd mar
ried tho daughter of Lord Fairfax a member of
this fnmlly took a great interest in tho boy.
He had Buch a fancy for tho lad ho put him to
surveying a largo tract of land In tho Shenan
doah valley. Though tho work was no easy
task, ho was so strong and enthusiastic ho
acquitted -himself exceedingly well. Ho did
not go alone a boy, Georgo Fairfax, wont as
his aid. They rather enjoyed tho now expo
rlenco of hunger, cold nnd facing Indian strat
egy. In later years George recalled his expe
rience of roughing It In tho Shenandoah val
ley with great plonsure. This work was sud
denly Interrupted by sickness lu tho family.
Lawrcnco, his half-brother, wbb 111 and tho phy
Blclans sont him to tho West Indies. George
wont nlong to keop him company, only to bo
taken with smallpox. Although Lawronco
started for homo, ho died after his ruturn.
This was a great shock to Gcorgo, for tho
brothers wero exceedingly devoted; but tho
sting of thlB loss was partly forgotten by a
commission to go to tho French who wore
building forts on English torrltory. Ho was
was
innila malor at tho nco o
and sent on n perilous jour
ney of over n thousand miles.
Ho had many narrow es
capes In his Journoy over
mountnlns, fording streams
and through forests whero
Indians lay In hiding. After
I! '
M
m
his Interview with tho Fronch commnntlor ho
stnrtcd for homo. The journoy bnck waB
worso thnn going, for the rivers wero exceed
ingly treacherous. Tho French govornor ro
fuscd to heed English commands nnd continued
to build forts, so George Washington was ap
pointed to command soldlors to march against
tho French In tho spring. This wiib tho begin
ning ot a wnr between tho Fronch nnd English,
which lnsted seven years. Gen. Braddock wns
sent over from England nnd Georgo was mado
a colonol nnd commanded tho Virginia troops.
Though Braddock was a capable general, ho
did not understand tho art of fighting tho In
dians and refused to heed young AVnshington'H
ndvlco. Tho gcnoral was shot In ono of theso
engagements. With this ,tho Redcoats began
to run, but Washington tried to call them back.
AH day ho was In tho midst of tho fight. Four
bullets wont through his coat and two horses
wero shot under him.
Tho wnr nt nn end, Washington returned
homo. Ho was anxious' to seo his mothor, whom
ho hnd not seen in somo time. Though Mrs.
Wnshlngton was not a brilliant woman, Bho
had plenty of good Judgment nnd common
sense, and was alwnys ready to glvo her son
wlso counsel. Proud though sho wns of hor
boy's enorgy and desire to servo his country
Bho wns enroful not to spoil him by excosslvo
pralso. Sho loved to hear of tho hazards of
war, but sho emphasized tho dangers moro
thnn her boy's success.
Hardships and long-fought campaigns had
dono much to Impair his health, and ho wont
to Williamsburg to consult a physician. On
this trip ho mot Mrs. Martha Custls, widow of
Daniel Pnrko Custls, ono or tho wealthiest
planters In tho colony. They woro married
somo flvo months lator. Very llttlo Is known
of hor except that sho was potlto, pretty and
exceedingly devoted to hor husbnncj. Sho was
very proud of his successes, and used all hor
enorgy to mako his trlnls as easy as sho could.
Thero aro thoso who attrlbuto Washington's
first stop upward to his marriage This Is cer
tainly untruo, ror ho was on tho road to suc
cess when ho married her. Whenever Wnsh
lngton wont on n long campnlgn his wiro took
up headquarters whero sho might ho near him.
Theso wlntorlngs gradually becamo a regular
custom. Sho seldom complaluod, although Bho
frequently had to put up with Inconvenient
headquarters. When Washington was chosen
commundcr-in-chief of tho army lio did not ac
cept tho pluco with great engerness, for he
knowltwnBto bo n long nnd
hard fought war, nnd a posi
tion latent with rcBponslblll
ty. Tho Btruggln wns ns dif
ficult ns ho Imagined, for
many times during tho wnr
tho Boldlcrs wero rendv
lay down their arms anil crn
homo, but his courago never railed him nnd
ho pushed on.
When tho sky looked blackest ho would plan
somo cnmpnlgn to mako or dorcat a victory.
A happy Illustration of thin was when ono
Christmas night tho soldioiB woro qulto rendy
to glvo up nnd go home. Thoy woro camping
on tho banks or tho Dolawaro. Painting to
tho other side, ho said: "Our onomy 1b camp
ing thero." Thoy woro Hessian Holdlers, and
Blnce It was Christmas night, thoy wero colo
bratlng. ylt was with difficulty tho army
crossed, for tho night was wild, dark and cold.
But in splto of tho great blocks or Ico on tho
river, Washington managed to got his army
ncross, and a victory was tho reault. A moro
dlfllcult year was spoilt In Valloy Forgo. It
was a long, cold wlntor, tho soldiers hungry
for food, and thoy did not have enough clothing
nnd blnnkots to keop themselves wnrm. Mnny
times they wero on tho vorgo of mutlnoorlng.
It wns only by mentis or his tact and good
judgment thnt ho brought hnrmony Into camp
and gavo tho war a succossrul omllng.
Arter leaving tho army ho wont back homo
nnd spent much tlmo Improving tho fnrm. Tho
Mount Vomon estnto gradually became an ox
IioiibIvo affair. Hero ho kept opon houso, nnd
novor a day went by without his receiving call
ers nnd friends. Somo of tho dinners nnd
lovces woro ofton elaborate, and ho struggled
hard not to appear bored. Ho had hoped to
Bpond tho rest of his life nmong thoso pleasant
surroundings. Ho often told his frlonds: "Let
thoso who wish such tilings as office bo at tho
head or things. I do not wish thorn. All I de
slro now is to sottlo down nt Mount Vernon
nnd to enjoy my farm." But nftor tho constitu
tion wns ratified and tho votes or tho electors
woro opened and counted it was round that
overyono had voted ror Washington. During
his presidency ho hnd many knotty problems,
but ho mot them all with good sonso and Judg
ment. Because ho played tho doublo rolo or
commander or tho army and tho first president
or this nation equally well ho Ib entitled to tho
namo, tho Father or Ills Country.
"END JUSTIFIES THE MEAN8."
"Tho end Justifies tho means." This motto,
from tho cont-or-arms or Washington, will no
doubt Hash Into tho minds or certnln ndmlrorH
or tho rather of his country who glanco nt tho
genealogical tree, which Is Englund's latest
contribution to tho oft-dobated question of
Washington's ancestry.
"Lot no man fancy ho knows sport," said tho
lato Moncuro D. Conway, "unless ho has family
treed nn ancestor or Goorgo Washington." Yot,
dcsplto tho many clover scholars nnd antiquar
ians or Amorlcn who havo tried tholr hands at
this "sport," It has romalnod ror n follow of
tho Royal Historical society of England, Rov.
Frodorlck W. Rngg, to convoy to us tho latest
Intorostlng revelation rogardlng tho ancofltry
of our first president.
Bnrrlng thoso that champion tho truly demo
cratic standpoint, less provalont to-day than
It wus In 1C20, which scorns to connect itsolf
with old world titles nnd abhors royalty, thoro
remain many liberal bouIs among us who do
not grudgo to ono who wns acknowledged first
in wnr and ilrst in poaco a sharo In tho homago
accorded tho first family or England.
Edward I. waB hlmsolf a mighty warrior, nnd
first in mnny wars; his prowess was oarly exor
cised on tho Turks, during tho Inst crusado
ovor embarked on by England's kings, and
when tho throno becamo his own ho buccobb
fully carried out his project of uniting England,
Scotland and Walos. Ho brought tho famous
stono of Scono to WeBtmlnstor abbey, and
under him Englnnd beenmo a mighty nation.
Ho wns a monarch wIbo and great, oven though
ho had llttlo leaning toward democratic govern
ment nnd did not display special fondness for
Magna Charter. Edward Longshnnks was not
an ancostor to bo desplBod by his descendant
Georgo, of kingly benrlng nnd equally long logs.
Thnt this direct lino of descont has not until
now boon established may seom a bit Burprls
lng In view or tho oxhnuBtlvo research that has
been dovoted to tho Washington ancestry. Tho
reason Is, howovor, not dlfllcult to undorstand
when ono reflects thnt such rosoarch has boon
concerned oxcluslvoly with tho mnlo lino, whllo
this roynl blood Is Introduced Into tho ramlly
by Margaret Butlor, who married Lauronco
Washington In 1C88,
Mr. Worthlngton Chnuncoy Ford and others
who havo mado a special study of tho Washing
ton pedigree trnco the lino back to John Wash
ington or Whltflold, flvo generations back or
tho aroresald Lauronco and his wlfo Margaret.
Thoso students state thnt this Margaret Butlor
was tho daughtor of William Butlor of Tlghes,
Sussox, but do not follow tho Butlor pedlgroo
back of this point. Hero Mr. Ragg has takon
up tho quoBt, and artor enroful Btudy of old
records, tombstonos, nnd entries In church rog
istors has proved that William Butlor, fathor of
Mrs. Laurence Washington, stands tonth in
direct descont from Edward I.
Roforenco to tho nbovo genealogical troo Just
completed by Mr. Rugg, nnd verlflod sinco itn
nrrlval In Amorlca by various gonealoglcal ox
ports, who havo pronouncod it satisfactory, will
show conclusively that Gcorgo Washington Is
In tho sixteenth gonorntlon In direct descont
from tho monarch In question, and is, there
foro, tho groat-great-groat-groat-groat-groat-groat-great-groat-
groat-groat-great-groat. grand
son of Edward I. Plantageaot.