Centenary oi! Mendelssohn
AS TO THE PROPER
lioru February a, 1800
CARE OF THE FLOCK
Lambing Time, Winter Shelter and the Dor Nuisance Must
Be Considered By Walter J. Quick, M. S., Ph. D.,
Animal Husbandry, Virginia.
NEWNATONU CONCL OF COMMERCE TO
1
pwJSSjgjHK Y 12 Alt 1000 markB the
onc-uuudreuiu anniversary
of the birth or Felix Men
delssohn, the famous Her
man composer, conductor,
nlanlst and organist. Ho
was born February !I, 1000,
nt Hamburg, North Gormnny; died at
Leipzig, Saxony, Novombor 4, 1847.
Ho was son of a banker, grandson
of a colobrated Jowlsh scholar and re
.former, In mature llfo tho father
was Influenced to renounce tho Jowlsh
faith and add Unrtholdy to tho family
namo to distinguish his branch from
tho orthodox members of tho family.
Father and mother, tho hitter also of
tho Jowlsh race, adopted 'the Chris
tian rollglou, tho children woro bap
tized and brought up as Christians.
Tho llfo of tho MondelBKoliu family
wob very Interesting and beautiful,
tho children unusually gifted, in the
liomo nu art ntmosphcro making for
full development of the Individual
BlftH, Felix rccolved his first piano
Instruction from his mother, from his
earliest days both parontH woro do
voted to tho fostering of his genius.
The utory of Mendelssohn's llfo is not
stho record of bitter poyorty and Heron
.lean efforts In overcoming obstacles;
Jio stands out a gonitis accustomed all
in days to wealth and refinement.
Tho MondolsBohn family moved to
Berlin when Felix was scarcoly three
years old, and in this city his chll
hood and youth woro passod. Tho
parents were strict disciplinarians;
tho children kept hard nt work nt
their music; rising at flvo In the
morning to begin their (units, During
,ii visit to Paris Follx studied under
11 mo, Bigot; In Berlin was under tho
instruction of Curl Zeltor and bono
iltcd for a season by work with
aioscholea. At the ago of nlno ho
:mado hlu first public appearance, tho
youthful pianist winning favor. In his
"ilovonth yonr Follx entered tho Shiga
ademlo; tho following year ho began
(systematically to compose To this
lierlod bolong a trio for piano and
airings, a sonata for piano mid violin,
a Bonatu for piano, pieces for tho or
Kan, songs, a comedy ami n cantata,
it was tho custom In tho Men
delssohn family to hold musical per
formances at thoir homo every other
Sunday, n small orchestra assisting,
and theso musicals woro of the great
est value to tho young musician, Ho
enjoyed the opportunity of having his
works presented, and ho always con
ducted.
For tho Sunday mualculs Felix con
atantly wrote now works; at tho ago
at 17 produced tho delightful "Mid
umnnnor Night's Dream Ovorturo"
"conceived by a genius and oxecutod
liy n master." His imo opora was
Through! out publicly tho year follow
Jug tho overture, and though given n
Javorablo reception on its prescntn
tlon nt tho llorlln opora house, the
uleco was shortly withdrawn. Tho
year 1829 is marked by an im
jiortaut event, tho performance
under MemlolsBohn'B direction of
Bach'o "St; Mntthow's Casslon,"
which created a great srusatlon and
led to tho grout llach revival. Suc
ceeding this ovent, an Invitation to
visit London wao accepted. Men
delssohn mado his find public appear
ance in England at a philharmonic con
ivrt tho concert opening with hlu C
,mJiior symphony, tho author hlnisolf
.conducting tho presentation of his
work Tho newcomer was most on-'
AhuclaBtkttlly received, and It wn
Jfoni England MondoUaohii's fnmo as
(Composer Bpread abroad.
Jn London ho published tho first
book of hlu "Songs Without Words."
In that city to the end he had an en
thuslnstle army of admirers, loved ami
was boloved by tho English nubile,
In all he mado ten visits to Euglnud. A
short time hoforo hlsdeath ho Journeyed
to London to conduct a series of
philharmonic concerts.
Of his work as conductor there
stand forth most prominently his ills
tlngulshod services whllo director of
tho Qownudluuis, Leipzig. In this city
of Saxony ho was vory much at homo
very happy, his work much ajipro
elated as it was not always In his
home city of Berlin. In 183G tho Unl
veralty .of Leipzig created him doctor
of philosophy. From 1835 to 1811 ho
roslded In Ixdpzlg; tho latter year
yielded to the solicitations of tho king
of Prussia to return to Berlin. Olltclnl
and court Interference attended hta el.
forts la llorlln, and ho finally asked
for liberty to withdraw, and found his
way agnlu to Lalpzlg. For a brlofsea
son ho norvod as musical director at
DusEoldorf conducted at tho !xwoi
Khlno festivals; In England perform
ancca of his orntorlo "Elijah" woro
glvon under his direction.
Meudolssohn's compositions from
tho first wore marked by llnlsh and
nentnesn. Ho corrected and revised
with utmost fastidiousness. Of tho
mass of work loft behind by him only
tho brlofcst mention can . ho given.
Tho "Mldsummor Night's Dream," tho
ovorturo work of his youth, standB na
pno of his best productions. Ilia ora
torios, "Elijah and "St. Paul, aro
ranked as tho most notable of hta
worka. Other notublo vocal works
with orchestra aro tho Byinphony-cnn-
lata, "Lohgesnng," tho "Gutonburg
Cnntata," tho ballado "Dio Erst Wal-
purglsnncht," music to tho ehorusos
Antlgono," "Athnlle" ond "Aedlpua In
Colonos." Ho wnn author of much Im
portant church music In addition
to that men t loned; his orchestral
worka Include four symphonies nnd
several eoncort overt urea; tho chain-
bor music includes seven string-quartets,
a sonata for violin and piano, an
octet for stringa, and various other
ivorkB. Ho wroto for tho organ throo
proludos and fugues, six sonatas, pn
ludos In C minor; the piano composi
tions aro uiuuerous and distinguished.
Fluency, grace and elegance aro con
sldered tho chief technical character
istics of his music.
Mendelssohn was deeply Interested
In the establishing of u school of
music In Leipzig, and In lSKi saw this
cherished wish fulfilled, this the date
of the opening of tho Leipzig consorva
lory. Ho labored unremittingly for
tho success of tho school, brought to
It not only his prestige, hut n practical
business ability of much value.
Meudelfcsohn married at the ago of
28, In hla marriage good fortune atlll
faithful, young Cccllo Joanronaud of
Frankfort, aa amiable and interesting
na she was beautiful. Ills domestic
llfo waa Idyllic, contor of all Cccllo, as
lit shown In tho lottora, Five children
woro born to tho pair.
uverworK ami buuucii shocks uro
thought to have been tho cauuo of
hla death. Tho unexpected loss of his
father was a great blow; his mother's
ond occurred In tho sumo way. sud
ilonly; and last en mo word that hta
Blstor Fanny, eloso friend and counsel
or, had boon sttlckun whllo conducting
a rohoarsal of hor little choir. Follx
never recovered from tho Bhock of
Funny's death, n fow months later
death routing to him. Ho was laid to
roU In tho Alio Droiraltlgkolts Klrchof
in Berlin, bin rooting plnco marked by
J a cross,
KTUEUINK l'Ol'E.
According to tho reports collected,
the moHt fuvornhlo time for lamba to
rop, If Intended for the .Juno market,
a between February 15 and March 1.
n order to have lainbB drop February
15, the ram should be turned with the
won about September 15, Lambs
dropped beforo tills date miff or tho
hardships of the winter, and unless
tho ewes are very liberally fed, do not
Hiilllelont milk to make them prow
aphlly. Those lambs become more or
less stunted and have not a plump and
Mtrar-tlvo appearance when marketed.
There Is also a greater possibility for
loss with these lambs, and a much
longer season for heavy feeding with
tho ewes, making an additional ox
idise without a corresponding In-
reuse In weight; while lambs dropped
after February 15 arc less liable to
loss from the most severe winter
weather.
This tremendous loss would have
been almost entirely prevented had pre-
utitlou boon taken at the proper time,
s the lambs were apparently strong
wl,n born, but afterward perished
from starvation.
It Is an exceptional caso when a ewe
nit not sufficient milk to at least keep
her lamb alive, If she has been propor-
fed a month provlous to lambing.
The food nood not bo expensive It la
Stagnant Pool-
-A Breeding Place for
Worm Supply
not necessarily Bticculeut, although
that 1b of groat advantage but It
rhould ho rich in protein, palatable, di
gestible, and given in llbornl amounts
at regular Intorvals, twice n day. Clo
ver, cowpea or soy bean hay, corn
ullage, tumlpB, sugar beoto and uomoj
well-cured not moldy corn rodder
may coustlttito tho greater portion of
tho bulky tatlon, togothor with a grain
rutlon of oats, corn, bran and a small
per cent, of HiiBoed oil muni or cotton
seed meal. Theso grains aro bettor
mixed together; but In caso It Is do-
Dog-Proof Fence Cost
05 Cents Per
Rod.
sired to food any one nlono, oata are
moBt suitable. Com alono Is not vory
satisfactory, as It has a tendency to
produco weakened lamba and a small
milk flow. It la very Important to have
sulllclont feeding room, ns tho danger
from crowding and pushing whon
awes aro heavy In lamb la very great
ind likely to causo somo cases of
ihortlou.
Ml rams should ho separated from
tho breeding owes aa soon as tho
breeding season Is over, as abortions
frequently otcur from bunting by tho
uni at feeding time,
Except In the extreme northern sec-
Ions all that Is necessary Is sulllclont
diud room to accommodate the entire
lock without crowding, and sholtorlng
hem from storms, winds and
Iraughts. Too many have tho Idea
mat tho wool of tho sheep provides all
lie protection peeded. In reality sheep
uro about tho most tender of the vari
ous klnda of Ktock, and woro It not for
tho liberal protection provided by na
ture more protection would bo neces
sary than for any other stock. Sheep
novor tlnlvo If confined to olthor
draughty or close, badly ventllnted
buildings. A shed with good protec
tion on tho north, east and west, and
ill open southern exposure Is most de
sirable, with an allowanco of about 12
square feel of floor apaco per sheep,
riiero should ho a wanner arrange
ment for owes when thoy drop In bad
weather and each owo should be sop
united from tho llock when sho lambs.
Tho location should ho high and dry.
Tho building Bhould bo liberally sup
piled wlthbeddlng to prevent damp
aoss and Insure cleaullucss. A yard
ihould ho attached, having a dog-proof
fence. Doth shed and yard should be
supplied with feeding troughs, allow
tng amplo trough room for each
sheep.
hi 'iiiiiiiiiiiii
Frequently a lamb can bo saved If
an attendant is present at the proper
time. The young ewes especially often
require assistance In lambing. If a
owe does not drop her lamb within a
reasonablo length of tlmo nftor labor
pains are noticeable, there is n causo
for tho delay. Frequently u lamb is
coming with Its head bent back over
its shoulder, or perhaps twins are com
ing together, or some other unnatural
position. A littlo manipulation of the
foetus will frequently straighten out
the dllllculty, thereby Having the life
of tho lamb, and not infrequently that
of the owe,
Somo eyoa rofusc to own their
Iambs, and other ewes refuse to lot
tho lambs nurse. Somo ewes will uc
copt strango lambs. When a owe loses
her Inmb It is advisable to keop up
her milk How by milking, as sho will
frequently accept a strango lamb if it
Is given to her soon after lambing,
Frequently a set of triplets or twins
aro dropped by a ewe and sho has not
sulllclcnl milk to nourish all. If tho
ewe that has lost her. own lamb Is
placed In a eloso pen and away from
other sheep bIio will readily adopt ono
of tho twins or triplets, thereby rais
ing a good lamb Instead of running
Idlo and becoming too fat for breeding
tho following soason. An orphan lamb
Parasites, Especially
Running Wator.
the Stomach
mny often ho glvon a owo that has
Just lost a Iamb, If tho dead lamb Is
rubbed over the atrango lamb while
wot, or tho sklu of tho dead Iamb tied
on tho orphan, slnco tho owo'a nftec
tlons nro directed by tho odor of her
lanib.
In many sections tho dog nulsnnco
la a great detriment to tho sheep In
dustry. The direct loss from sovoro
chasing and worrying Is often not bo
great aa tho loss that follows. Breed
ing owcu that hnVo been badly worried
and frightened rarely, if ovor, entirely
recover. The result Is usually weak
and Inferior lambs at tho next lambing
season, with some abortions and many
abnormal presentations of tho foetus.
In fact, ninny breeders of registered
shoop consider their brooding llock al
most ruined nftor having been severe
ly chased by dogs. Frequently a largo
number of owes will not breed for
somo tlmo nfter being chased and
badly frlghtonod.
Tho efficiency of any dog law do
ponds largoly on Its enforcement; but
too frequently It Is never enforced,
many worthless dogs bulng allowod to
run at largo that would bo controlled
or destroyed If a rigid dog law wbb en
forced.
Ono of our Illustrations shows a dog
proof fence on the Virginia experi
ment Btatlon grounds, constructed as
follows: Tho wovon-wlro fonco con
sists of 17 horizontal wires tho throe
lower wlroa 1 V& inches apart, tho
width between' wires gradunlly In
croaslug to live Inches at top. Tho
vortical stays are six Inches apart.
iiio wira ib lasieneu 10 posts set
foot apart, tho bottom wire being threo
lnchos from tho ground. Ono-bnrbcd
wire Is Bot midway botwecn tho bot
tom horizontal who nnd tho ground.
Ono-barbed who Is fastened to tho
posta, three Inches higher than tho
top who. Two-barbed wires aro at
Inched eight Inches apart, to pieces of
2x0 scantling nailed to tho posts abovo
tho wire with 20-peiiuy nulla, Theso
plecB aro set outwnrd and upward
with tho posts.
Cost of Materials.
llnd ciMlnr pnatH ,.
...l-'H coiits ouch.
...37V4 ctints nor roil
wovmi wire re net
Kour-Uiubcd wlro
...15 coats per roil.
Tfttul & contH nor roil.
Tho 2x4 scantling costs about $18
por thousand nnd adds about one cent
por rod to coat of tho fence.
Any othor closoly constructed fence
would nnswor tho snnio purpose.
Keep Clean. Tho mllkor Bhould
keop hla hands and his clothes clean,
especially during tho process of milk
ing. A damp towel should bo uaed
to clean the udders of tho cows bo
fore tho milking la begun. Tho milk
Ing should nlways bo done with dry
minus, ami uio iuiik drawn into a
covered pail with a fine wlro mesh
straluor top, Theso rulos when care
fully udhorcd to, will old vory mate
rlally in keeping tho milk clean and
wholesome,
prevention uest. iso subject con
nectod with tho miiungoniont of cows
la of mort .ital Importance to tho
dutrynuui than tho prevention of dls
euau In his hard.
Representatives of leading chambers
of commerce, boards of trado and oth
er inlluontlnl commercial bodieB re
cently gathered In the city of Wash
ington and porfectod the organization
of a national, co-operatlvo trado ex
tension body that Is bound to prove of
tho greatest potency In tho promotion
of American commercial Interests at
homo and abroad. Tho delegates pros
ent at the Inaugural mooting came
from nil parts of the country and
thcro Is no doubt but thut the new or
ganization is thoroughly ropreaenta
tlvo of the business llfo of the nation
in Its hrr.adss'- -snso.
This hew .uclcr .'a American com
merclal and Industrial progress Is to
bo known as the National Council of
Commerce. The first steps looking to
tho projection of this now forco into
tho Yankee trado Held at homo and
nuroau were ia;:en anoiu a year abu
whon Secretary Straus of tho fedoral
department of commerce and labor
himself a business man us well as tho
official head of that branch of tho na
tional government having to do with
commercial matters called a prelim
inary conference of leading business
men In tho hope of paving the way
for Just such an association as has
now been created. A temporary or
ganization was effected at that tlmo
but It was only nt tho recent gather
ing at the national capital that tho
unlquo projoct assumed concrete
Bhapo and was put on a practical
working basis.
The prime movers In this underta
king conlldently predict that It will be
come the greatest trado organization
in the world. Tho high chnracter of
the interests Involved and tho power
of tho ntnilated organizations can not,
perhaps, bo hotter lndlcnted than by
presenting tho list ormembors of the
oxccutlvo commltteo of tho now body.
rhlB board of directors comprises H.
A. Eckhart of tho Chicago board of
trado; Mahlon E. Kllno. of tho
Trades league of Philadelphia; Wil
liam McCarroll of the New York
board of trado and transportation;
Georgo I. McCarthy of the American
Meat Packora' association; II. E. Miles
of the National Association of Mann
facturors; H. Moslo of tho Galveston
chamber of commerce; Edwnrd A,
Fllene of tho Boston Merchants' assb
ciatlon; Georgo C. Perkins of tho San
Francisco chambor of commerce; L. A.
Ransom of tho Atlanta chambor of
commorco; G. D. Rogers of tho Mlnno
apolla chnmbor of commerce; Gustav
II. Schwab of tho Merchants' associa
tion of Now York; James E. Smith of
Mm llnuliioua Atnu'fi lnnenn nf Rt
Louis; D. A. Tompkins of tho South
yrn Manufacturers' club, and Frank B.
Wlborg of tho Manufacturers' club of
Cincinnati.
At the recont mooting which was at
tended by moro than 50 dologntes.
by-laws woro adopted and olllcors were
glected for tho ensuing year,. Mr. Gus
tav II. Schwab, well known to busi
ness men throughout tho country
through hla conection with the North
Germnn Lloyd Steamship Company,
was chosen ns chairman of the per
manent organization. B. A. Eckhart
Df Chicago was oloctod vico-chalrman;
William It. Corwlne, secrotary, and
Frnnk B. Wlborg of Cincinnati, troas-
uror. ftieoungs win ue nam uunuuii
und pormnnent headquarters will bo
maintained for the conduct of "mis
sionary work" on behalf of tho Ameri
can trado Interests which Is ono of tno
principal objects of tho now organiza
tion. Although this is ttio urst aim
only association of tho kind yet pro-
lected on this sldo of tho Atlantic,
Bomowhat similar organization havo
for yenrB oxlsted in countries which
lire tho most formidable trado rivals
or tho United States nnniely Gor
many, Franco, Great Britain, etc., and
It was tho object lesson afforded by
theso foreign bodies aa promoters of
coinmorclnl development that spurred
tho national government to foster the
presont organization hero
Secrotary SiraiiB who, with hta
right-hand man, Mr. Theodoro L
Weed, and tho nsslstant secretary of
commorco nnd lnbor. Mr. William U,
Wheoler of California, woro instru
mental In starting the bnll rolling, wilt
honcoforth bo connected with tho or
ganlzation only In an advisory capac
Ity, they preferring to loave tho actlvo
direction of affairs In tho hands of tho
business men themselves. However,
Secretary Straus hopes that ono of
tho ultimate results of this now move
mont will bo to bring about a closer
relationship between tho commercial
Interests of tho country and tho na
tlonal government. In speakltig of
ITOfJL QOMCL OFCOAfflSACr
SECY. STP71AJ
h'j matter Secret iry Straus said:
'Unfortunately the national govern
'lient has never up to this tlmo been
brought as closely In touch as la do-
ilrablo with tho tremendous nower
,uul Illluonco ami numty of Amorlcati
comuu.rcni iif,, hanmiHr. thn Intomsts
coinmorclnl llfo because tho Interests
Involved have not been brought to
gether In the concrete form necessary
to enlighten our government ofllelals
and secure their cooporatlon." In fu
ture ho believes that, thanks to tho
now council of commerce, tho federal
government and tho commercial Inter
ests of the country will bo enabled to
work hajid In hand. All local or na
tional organizations In any way Inter
ested will be Invited to make common
causo by Joining tho now council and
tho nucleus of membership nlready ob
tained Indicates that thoro will bo tho
fullest representation of the leading
coinmorclnl, manufacturing, exporting
and Importing Interests.
CARRIED OFF BY LION.
Horrible Fate of Intrepid Hunter Who
Fell Asleep.
Near Tsavo station, 133 miles from
Mombassa, during tho construction of
tho line, 29 Indian coolies wero killed
and eaten by Hons, a writer on "Roose
velt's Hunting Grounds" In tho Na
tional Magazine says. Naturally thoro
waB a panic; tho men could not work,
nnd three young men, Messrs. Hubner,
Parent nnd Ryal, took a car down to
tho dnngerous locality to slay the
slayora of men. Tho enr was left on
the sldo track at tho site of a for
mer station long slnco discontinued,
where a fow days beforo a Hon had
actually sprung upon a man on an
open railway truck as tho train Blowod
down nt tho station platform and car
ried him, vainly shrieking for help,
Into the Jungle.
The men knew they must koep
watch against these man-eating boasta
which had lost all fear of man and
would exert thoir utmost subtloty and
strength to foed their consuming do
slro for human ilesh. It was arransed
that a sentinel should bo always on
guard, and Ryal hold tho midnight
wntch, sitting, riflo In hand, whore he
could command tho doors and win
dows. Pnront mado a Bleeping place
for Himself on the tloor, Hubner occu
pied nn upper berth, and all three an
ticipated a successful hunt next morn
ing.
About two o'clock, In the murkv
gloom of tho tropical night, ovorcomo
by weariness and the enervating heat,
uyai dropped asleep. A pair of lam
bout eyes sought him out from tho
half-opon door, a nolsoloss, powerful
rorm crept by or over Parent ns ho
lay asleep, aud solzlng him In his
powerful jaw's tho man-entor of Tsavo
sprung out through tho glass and sash
of tho nouroBt window Into tho covor
of tho Jungle, whero Ryal's whitened
bones were found Inter.
This tragedy caused tho assembling
of a great hunting party which swept
the country about Tsavo, and among
tho lions killed was one great old Hon
which had Imbedded in his senrred
and lately-healed hldo several frag
ments" of window glass, which im
doubtly identified him as tho Blayer of
poor Ryal.
Pawnshop In Magistrate's Office.
A novelty In pawnshops Is to ho
found In lchnng, China. Tho town
contains a small pawnshop In iho
maglstrato's ofllco, run by tho prison
ers. Tho rnto of Interest Is nbout ono
cent por 40 cents per month, excopt
during tho Inst threo months of tho
year, when It is reduced to about one
half cent.
Bibles Sent from London.
During tho bIx months betwoon last
Easter and MJchnolmns . 1,430 cases
packed with Scriptures, weighing alto
gothor 154 tons, woro sent out from
tho London hondquarters of the Bible
society for shipment abroad.