THE FARMER IS
NEGLECTED
Scientific Xltl Invoked by tho Gov
ernment in His Interest.
important Results Accomplished
During tiio McKlnley-Itooce-velt
Administration.. .
A brief review of the work of tho
AIcKlnloy-Hooscvclt administration in
behalf of (lie fanning interests of tho
country Is all thnt Is necessary to com
pletely controvert the Democratic
chnrge that the government Is neglect
ing the. farmer.
During the last eleven years Presi
dents AlcKlnloy ami Roosevelt have
n luted to bring the Department of Ag
rlculture to tho help of our farmers In
all sections of the country and have in
structed tho Secretary of Agriculture
to use all endeavor to help tho tiller
of the soil toward greater elllclency
and more economic production; to
make the American acre more potent
in growing crops. The Congress durliif
the last eleven years has quadrupled
the amount of money Invested In agri
cultural research and demonstration,
to give the American farmers help In
their operations on the farm, to feed
our people well and cheaply, nnd en
able them to compete with the outside
world. It has provided for over two
thousand scientists, specialists In their
respective lines, who are in touch with
our farmers In all sections of the
country, gathering Information and
preparing It for Issue In departmental
publications, of which nearly seventeen
million pieces were given out In 1!K)7
to go Into our country homes, dealing
directly with what Is uppermost In tho
minds of our growers of plants nnd
animals ut the time of publication.
Science Applied In Ilevelonmcnt of
AKrlciiltii re.
The education of specialists in ap
plied science to meet the demnnd for
research under the Federal Government
nnd under State Institutions has be
come a prominent feature of depart
mental work. CJrnduates of our agri
cultural and other colleges are drafted
into the Department of Agriculture nnd
prepared for scicntltlc research along
the lines demanded by the producers of
our country under all our varied con
ditions. Within tho last eleven years
nearly sixteen hundred young men have
had post-graduate InstVuctlon in the
sciences of agriculture.. The Depart
ment or Agriculture and tho State ex
periment stations nre nctlvely co-operating
with regard to unsolved prob
lems that .affect the farmer throughout
our States nnd Territories nnd in the
islands of the sea that have lately
come Into our possession.
New markets for our surplus produc
tion are being sought in foreign coun
tries, and scientific inquiry Is being
made into the preparation of our ox-
ports for foreign markets. Uncertainty
with rocard to the magnitude of our
crops at home is being removed by
careful statistical Inquiry, to the end
that more accurate knowledge with re
gard to production may mitigate tho
evils of speculation. Inquiry Is nlso
being made into the productions of
competing countries, In order that the
American farmer mny know what ho
lias to meet in foreign markets.
Vmv I'roiluctN fur American Farmn.
Strenuous efforts nre being made to
' encourage the homo production of
articles wo linve been Importing from
foreign countries. -During the last
eleven years there lias been an Increase
in tin: production of sugar from beets
which innkcH tho product of 1007,
amounting to fiOO.OOO tons, over thlr
teen times that of 1S!)(I nnd Its value
ilftcen times. Kleveh years ago we
produced only one-fourth of the rice
consumed In tho United States. The
fostering work of the Federal Govern
ment has enabled the rice growers to
produce more than tho equivalent of
our home consumption and foreign
markets are being sought for the sur
plus. There was an increase In the
production of . rice from 07,000,000
pounds in 180(5 to an average of 710,
000,000 pounds during the last four
years.
Kcientitle research by the Bureau of
Soils demonstrates the fact that we
can produce at home the line tobaccos
for which we have been laying over
twenty million dollars a year, to for
eign countries. Our explorers have
searched foreign lands for grains, leg
umes, liber plants, tens, etc., for Intro
dud Ion into sections of the United
States suitable- to their production,
The producing area for, grains has been
extended westward Into tho dry re
gions of our country through the In
troduction of plants that nre at homo
Where the rainfall is light. Nearly
fifty millions of bushels of wheat are
being grown In regions that have here
tofore been unproductive.
ISradlcatlon of UUeaxei of Farm
Animals anil I'ruiluota.
Tho Federal Government Is studying
tho diseases of domestic animals with
a view to their complete eradication.
Our' animals and their products go to
foreign countries with bills of health-
fulness. Tho American meats are tho
most wholesome in the world, as the
world now knows. An Imported dis
ease of domestic aulmuls was promptly
stamped out within a year at an ex
penditure of $300,000, to prevent It
froi spreading throughout tue couutry
a k til rrrir j jujji--HHrsrs5i
-vrfM TTa Jill WJ Afi razWyiooo."
Donkoyal Well, tbero may be
From the Vet Mc-lnex Itrgliternnd Leader.
among our herds nnd llocks. Itlgld In
spection agninst foreign countries hnv-
lug nniiunl diseases is maintained ut
our ports of entry, In order to protect
tho health of our domestic animals.
Within tho last eleven yen to tho gov
ernment lias become thoroughly
equipped to deal with plant diseases.
The loss of half a million dollars an
nually was stopped by pathological ex
amination of our sea-Island cottons.
New varieties of fruits, cerenls, cottons,
etc., arc being created by hybridizing to
meet the demands of producers of. these
crops in the North and In the South.
Our forests have been mostly de
stroyed and our mountains, the natural
reservoirs for water, have been ren
dered incapable of retaining moisture.
Efforts are being made to reforest the
country, to prevent tires, to regulate
grazing in our forests, and to study
lumbering and forest products.
The Federal Government is making
Inquiry Into road material and a begin
ning lias been made In tho education of
young men toward road building. A
laboratory has been established in the
Department of Agriculture for the
study of materials with which to con
struct ronds; and rocks, gravels, clays,
tiling, cement, concrete pavements,
stone, brick, wood, and nsphnltuin are
being studied.
The Central American boll weevil,
now the greatest menace to the cotton
crop of the United States, is being
actively studied us it increases Its
range, and means of control have been
devised which make the growth of cot
ton nearly as profitable as ever. The
insect enemies of other great Htaplo
crops are being investigated throughout
the country, nnd the gypsy nnd brown
tall moths, which are threatening the
forest areas of New England, are be
ing cheeked and brought Into nieasur
nble control by the agency of tho Fed
eral Government In co-operation with
state authorities. The losses occasioned
by Insect pests In general amount to
millions annually, nnd much of this
loss may gradually be prevented by the
kind of work dona by the Department
of Agriculture.
The atmosphere In Its relation to ag
riculture and commerce Is being care
fully studied, and trained meteorolo
gists for IheMlrst time In our history
nre being detailed from the Department
of Agriculture to give lectures in Insti
tutions of learning. In order that we
may have scholars In the laud along
this line of Inquiry, to the end thnt the
fanner and the mariner may have all
the protection that Intelligent forecast
ing can give them.
The, Meat Iiikprellnn nnd I'uro Food
Law.
On June HO, 1000, by tho approval of
President Hoosevelt, the Meat Inspec
tion Amendment became u law. Under
the provisions of this amendment the
Federal Government guarantees to the
people of tho United States that the
meat shipped In Interstate commerce Is
derived from nulmiils which nre free
from disease at the time of sluughter,
and that meat products from these mil-
mills nre prepared in clean packing
houses, under sanitary, conditions, ami
without the addition of any injurious
or deleterious drugs, chemicals, or pre
servatives. The United States now has
the most stringent and the best en
forced meat Inspection law of any coun
try In tho world, and It is a great pro
EHYAN VISITS THE STATE FAIR.
Hoc 'c4
a few hero some plnco, but wo don't
tection to the health and lives of the
people. Over l,r00 employes are di
rectly engaged eacli working day In the
year In the enforcement of tho lnw.
On tho same day, June HO, 100(1, Pres
ident Hoosevelt approved the Pure
Food Law. Tills law covers all foods,
with tho exception of meats, Including
beverages, and nlso drugs which enter
Interstate or foreign commerce. By its
terms, articles of food or drink must
not contain any injurious or deleterious
drug, chemical, Or preservative, and tho
label" upon each package of food, drugs,
or drink must state the exact fact, and
must not be falso or misleading In any
particular. While this law docs not
cover foods, beverages and drugs which
nro produced and consumed entirely
within tho limits of one state, yet' its
enactment has incited the legislatures
of tho different states to enact laws
covering domestic- products of a like
nature. These laws' very generally fol
low the national act as to form nnd de
tail, the only difference being that one
affects Interstate and foreign commerce,
wlillo the other affect it tho internal
commerce of the state. Inspectors nre
continually traveling throughout the
United States to discover whether the
terms of the law are being observed,
and they have found, upon tho part of
manufacturers and dealers, n very gen
eral compliance with the lnw. When
violations of the law are observed,
they are at once prosecuted by the De
partment of Justice, and tho guilty
parties are punished.
The Farmer and llalanee of Trade,
During the eighteen years, 1800-1007,
the average annual excess of domestic
exports over imports amounted to ;t:i7,
000,000, and during the same time the
annual average in favor of farm pro
duets was ?:!(l'.()00,000, from which It
Is apparent that there was an average
annual adverse balance of trade in pro
duels other than those of tho farm,
amounting to ?W,000,000, which the
farmers offset and had left JjUWT.OOO.OOO
to the credit of tlieniHelvcsand the coun
try. Taking the business of 1007, tho com
parison Is much more favorable to the
farmers than during the eighteen-year
period, since the value of domestic ex
ports of farm products over Imports
was ?-M-l,000,000.
During tho last eighteen years there
was a balance of trade In favor of farm
products, without excepting any year,
that amounted to $u.rl,000,000.
Against this was an adverse balance of
trade in 'products other tliiin thoo of
the farm of $-150,000,000, and the farm
ers not oqly canceled tills Immense oh
ligation, but had enough left to place
$11,050,000,000 Hie credit of the na
tion when the books of International
exchange wero balanced.
These figures tersely express the Im
mense national reserve sustaining pow
er of the farmers of tho country under
present quantities of production.
The health of our people Is being
safeguarded by inquiry into Importa
tions of food from foreign couutries
that contain substances deleterious to
health. Tho United States is no longer
tho dumping ground for food stuffs
that are forbidden sail; In the countries
where they originate.
An aim of the Department is to niuk
the American Independent with regard
to everything that can he produced In
our latitudes. Corps of scientists have
been placed In each of the new island
rnlso many of them in this state.
groups that have lately come under our
Jurisdiction for the purpose of helptn
them to produce what can not be grown
In the continental United States.
The Department of Agruculture Is
furnishing Information regarding tho
requirements and possibilities of lrri
gatlon, both in tho arid regions of the
United States and as an aid to agrl
culture in the humid Fast. This In
qulry determines tho amount of water
needed to give tho best results, the
tiiqo when 11 should be applied, nnd tho
methods of application best suited to
different localities, and tho different
crops, The evils of too much wntcr, re
suiting In the ruin of large areas which
wero highly productive a few years
ago, are being Investigated, with a view
to preventing not only the ruining of
crops which get too much water, hut
of those on equally fertile soli which
nre deprived of tho necessary water
supply. The economic uso of water
and the Introduction of plants from for
eign countries where the rainfall is
light are extending crop growing ovir
large areas that have been unproduct
ive.
Oilier Field of Activity.
The bureau has undertaken the
direction of farms, particularly where
lmllllng problems discourage tho farm
ers. Thirty-two of these farms nro
under the supervision of the bureau In
Louisiana, Texas, Georgia, Alabama,
.Mississippi, South Carolina, and Flor
Ida. Co-operative work in tea raising
In South Carolina lias resulted In a
crop of 8,000 to 10,000 pounds In it sea
son on the experimental farm, the tea
being many times more vuluahlc than
the Imported grades.
During a single year tho department
printed 12,500,000 copies of Its various
publications; 0,500,000 farmers' bulle
tins alone were Issued. During the
year the department Issued 1)72 distinct
publications, !I2!) being new. They con
tallied 22,000 pages of reading matter,
n library In Itself.
There nre over -1,500 people directly
employed In the department ami nearly
250,000 people acting as special cor
respondents throughout the world with
out compensation, n notable trihuto to
the Importance of farming In the Unit
ed States.
In two years' time the farmers of
this country have produced wealth ox
feeding the output of nil the gold mines
of the world since the discovery of
America by Columbus. In a single
month of their busy season the hens'of
tho country lay enough eggs to pay the
year's Interest on the national debt. In
a year they produce one and two-thirds
billions of eggs, JMfi ejgs n year for
every American..
troiii mo corn crop or a single year
the farmers enn poy the Interest on
the national debt for a year, the entire
debt Itself, and a large amount of tho
actual expenses of the government to
boot. In 1005 the com crop readied
2,700,000,000 bushels.
Tho agricultural products of tho
United States for two years are over
six times as large as the capital stock
of all the banks In America, not to
mention the capital Invested In the
farms. The farmer Is-destlned to he a
menial no longer but muster of his own
future nnd fate.
Kvlls are to ho suppressed by definite
und practical measures not by oratory
or denunciation. Hon. Win. II. Tuft,
at Greensboro, North Carolina.
SSOE 12
HI HfTort to "Throw" tiio Trade-
Union Vote to llrynu Doing
Inllnito Harm.
THAT "BUSINESS" CONFERENCE.
Tho Labor Frcsn nnd Londors o
Country Unmask Presidont of tho
Federation as n Domoerat nnd n
Freo Trader Fighting to Do'
font tho Best Friends of
tho Worklngmnn.
It will ho exceedingly Interesting to
wage workers nun iio puuue .in
general to know how strongly the po
litical course of President Gomporx,
of the American Federation of Labor,
iu being opposed by the labor press
and trade union leaders of the conn
try. Since the fact has become known
that PreMdent (Jumpers has had u
real "business" conference with" Ah.
Alack, manager of the llrynu cam
palpi, the opposition of organized
labor to President Gompers effort to
"throw" the trade union vote over to
Bryan Is still all tho stronger. There
no longer remains any uouni inui
President Gompers has arranged Willi
tho Democratic narty to try to force
tho labor veto to Hryan. nnd that de
spite tho tact that he, Gompers, Is at.
the head of a trade union orgnnl.u
Hon of u non-polltlcal nature, he is,
as an ollleial of that trade union, using
his time, paid for by tho union
and tho union machinery lit further
lug the success of n partisan political
party. In doing this he Is going con
trary to all precedent, either In this
country or In F.nglniul. lie is a Dent
ocrat nnd n free trader and as such
has put himself on record ns lighting
to defeat tho best friends Amorleui
labor ever had in tho history of the
Nation.
While many of tho labor papers re
main lion-couuullal on the question
most of the linportnnt ones oppose
the policy of President Gompers. Of
course the out mm out Democratic
papers will lean toward Hryan.
The loledo Union Leader nas
strongly opposed tho Gompers slogan
to "reward your friends and punish
your enemies." It declares mat me
policy Is ineffective utid is likely to do
more damage to the unions tha
in.
good. The Leader has consistent!
stood for direct action through
a
Imhor party or the Socialist party -nnd
Is at present delivering hammer blow
for the legislative ticket of the Social
ist party, which was endorsed by ref
erendum vote of the local unions.
The Akron People rips tho tintl
Injunction pretenses of the Democrat!
party Into tatters, and points out
Gompers the utter absurdity of plap
ing any reliance lu a party that do
ulares in favor of restricting Injunc
tions In ouo plank nnd follows It up
with a declaration that "It Is the func
tion of the courts to Interpret the law
which the people create."
The .uncsvlllo JJibor Jourunt con
eludes that labor Is confronted by far
greater questions than Injunctions
and that "the labor vote has never bei
delivered or deliverable by any man or
set of men."
The Brewers' .loiirual, of Cincinnati
ridicules tho growing tameucss
Hryan, declaring that ho Is no nior
Icared, ami calls upon the working
people to stand by workliigmen.lu the
coming election, something Gompers
will not do.
The Switchmen's Journal, prlnled nt
Huft'nlo, opposes Gompers.
Tho linkers' Journal, published In
Chicago, In behalf of lta readers "em
phatically protciits against having our
litteruatlouul organization classed with'
those 'who work and voto for tiio sub
cess of the Democratic ticket.' "
Tho Stove .Mounters' Journal, of tin
trlot, dismisses the subject Willi the
conclusion :
worklngmeii
tho hearlK
Democrat Ic
their usual
"These are the times the
dud themselves close to
of the Republican and
parties. After election
position will he assumed
again."
Tho Pueljlo (Colo.) Union Label
Bulletin remarks that "Hro. Gompers
expresses himself as highly pleased
with the Democratic labor program,
but from this distance wo fall to see
anything to get particularly enthusi
astic about. We are presented with
tho same old alternative of choosing
tho lesser of two evils, with mighty
little choice lu the mutter."
Tho Piano and Organ Workers'
Ollleial Journal, printed lu Chicago,
edited by Secretary Dold, formerly
President of the Chicago Federation of
Labor, says In part, speaking of
Gompers' action urging union pcoplo
to support Hryan and the Democratic
party :
"As an excusn for his unusual, un
constitutional and heretofore unheard
of procedure lie offers the labor plank
recently adopted by the Democrats ut
their Denver convention.
"We deem it to be our duty to enter
a most emphatic protest against this,
a most wuuton disregard for well
established trades union luw ami eth
ics. '"The constitution of the A. F. of L.
forbids participation in party politics.
"President Gompers must and does
know that both tho Itepubllcnu und
Dcnocrnllc parlies hnvo In times post
not hesitated to crush the hopes uf.d
aspirations of tho wago workers with
nn iron heel whenover and wherever It
suited their purpose to do so.
nd tills in lieu of u 'promise,' a
clilinerlcnl or ut best questionable nntl-
injuuctlnn plank.
"Ante-election promises hnvo ever
loeii looked upon with scorn by labor
leaders until now.
We believe In iwlltlcnl nctlon of
tho wage workcts; we believe it to be
their only wilvnlion.
"We do not believe In the kind of
politics that will boost n party or par
ties to which wo are Indebted for all
of labor's Ills, no matter what 'prom-
hscs' may be made.
Hie tlfty, hundred or more years
of experience had by organized labor
should preclude the possibility of
turning the workers' economic move
ment Into an adjunct of political party
corruptlonlsts.
Wo believe lu the ballot; we long
for the day when labor will become u
political unit.
"We long for a party of, for nnd by
the wnge worker.
"Let It be kii Itl that President Gomp
ers meant well hut he erred."
Hegnrdlng llrynu and his speech of
acceptance the views of the loltj.ving
prominent trade union leaders will bo
Interested :
J. H. Prltehard, genoral secretary
of the International -Pavers und Ham
mers' Union, said:
I consider Hrynn's letter the weak
est document of Its kind ever written
It Is nonsense to assert that the He-
publican party Is responsible for the
business depression. Under the He-
puhllciin administration the people
had seven years of prosperity. Hie
depression was due to natural causes,
and polities had nothing to do wltn it
If Hryan Is elected there will be n
worse depression.
"Tho Knights of Labor went to
pieces when they went Into politics,
and a like fate will befall the Ameri
can Federation of Labor unless it re
fuses to support tho Democratic party.
A labor union Is an Industrial Institu
tion and should steer clear of poli
tics." Kdwnrd Ilourlgiin, of District No. 15,
of the International Association of Ma
chinists, 'said:
"Hrynn's letter Is not radical enough.
U Is so weak It will destroy much con
lldenco on tho part of the working
people In tho Democratic party. Hrjtui
lias no longer a ghost of a show of be
ing elected."
John A. Dyche, or the International
Women's Garment Makers' I'nlou,
said ;
"Hrynn with his Vak letter may
gain the support of many conservatives
but will nlleitutc the labor vote."
President John Young, of the Litho
graphers' International Protective nhd
Henetlclal Association of the United
States, said:
"Hryan has no show nt nil of belilg
elected. Ills litter of acceptance will
not cut much Ico with the working
people. I do not believe rln hls meth
ods. The Hepnhllcan und Democratic
parties nro both lukewarm when It
comes to aiding laboring cluxscs."
Tho truth Is there nre scores of
trade union leaders who nro absolute
ly opposed, to Hryan and Jo the meth
ods put into operation by President
Goinpers to try to force trade union
ists to voto for Hryan, but theso lend
ers Just ut pretu'nt prefer, for obvious
reasonu, to remain more or less all. -nr.
They can easily see tho Infinite harm
tho policy of Samuel Gompers will do
tho trado union cause.
Taft nnd Labor.
When on the bench Judgo Taft said:
That employes have a right to form
labor nuk'Hr-.
That such unions are n benefit to la
bor and to the public.
That they huvo tho ' right to Join
with other unions.
That tho accumulation of u fund to
aid lu a strike is right.
That employes huvo a right to strike
whenever any of the terms of tlulr
employment are unsatisfactory.
Air. Gompers siij-h Judgo Taft Is op
posed to organized labor. Air. Gom
pers has done a lot of talking in his
time and lias been a very proline vu It
er, hut lu all ho has said or In nil he
Iimh written ho lias never given organ
ized labor n more unqualified Imiors"
mint than Judge Taft gavo when ou
the bench.
Tho Natural Heir.
(Hy Josh Wink.)
Hryan says lie is the heir
To Roosevelt's policies;
So natural successor Js
To all the power ho sees.
Hut natural heirs are oft cut off
When they, perforce, go ill,
And he will llnd though strong hl
claim,
Taft will contest tho will.
The mantle thnt our Koosovolt drop
Dotli Hryan think he'll wear,
And in his right to wear the sau
Will nnybody dure.
He says ho only owner In
To nil that Hoosevelt leaves
In policy, but sooth to say,
He nobody deceives,
Tho mantlo far too big for him
In truth, he'll never wear It;
Tho jKillcles too broad for him
He'll never Just Inherit.
He may udopt himself an heir.
Hut Hoosevelt makes the will.
And when the time comes to probatv
Tls Tnft will fill the bill.
Uultlmore American.
