JOHN
DON'T SELL THE DAIRY
HEIFERS RAISE THEM
Use a Good Sire and Improve the Standurd of Your Herd
By Wllbor J. Frusor, Chief In Dairy Hus
bandry, Illinois University.
BY GEO. V. HODART,
Dear Utinrli: In Purls, eh? Olvo
my regards to tli Moulin Kongo,
won't you?
1 notice what you nay In your letter
about buying a couplo of French auto
mobiles In Paris, ono of the same be
ing for me.
I'm Rind to nee you hnvo hucIi a
nwoot disposition, Hunch, but nix on
the Hubble.
Not for yours hastily.
I've caught all tbo diseases to dato
except the nutonioblllous fever.
While walking around the city
r-trceta I hnvo boon making a deep
flluriy of whiz wagons, Hunch, but ho
close wbh the machinery to my out
jiOHts at the time and ho engor wns I
to get out or the way that porhaps
I nm prejudiced.
Tho nutomoblle Is tho rich man's
wine and tho poor mnn'H chasor.
It keops our streets full of red,
while nnd blue streaks all tho livelong
So Close Was the Machinery.
dnv, and If tho weary pedestrian Is
not nupplled with a ball-bearing neck
IiIb chance of getting home Ih null and
old.
Ah far as 1 can figure It out, tho
mifrat part of tho machine Ih tbo chauf
feur, becaiiBo ho Iiiiowh which way to
jump.
Oli I how I ail in I ro those cbauffotira
who point tho machlno at you and
daro you to get out of tho way.
Wo havo no word In tho Hngllsh lan
guage which Ih brnsh enough to Hit on
ti busy baroucho and cut loose.
Thnt'a why wo had to reach ovor
to Paris and pull a word out of tho
French.
Chauffeur Is tho word wo grnbbod,
nnd I think wo ought to glvo It back
nt tbo first opportunity.
Did you ovor notice ono of thoao
particular giiyu whon they try to say
chanffour?
Ills mouth looks like a hot wnflle.
Tho first careless cart wo over had
In this country was called tho "Cor
oner'H Delight," because the only man
that mot It on tho road went back
homo In sections, nnd, Incidentally, on
u shutter.
Tbo motto of tho automobile Is:
"Hump others, or thoy will bump
you!"
And tho automobile face! Can you
tlo It?
The nutomobllo face Ih causod by
tho fact that faces can't rldo as fast
(iB machinery; consequently, the mus
eles between tho Hps and tho mouth
bocomo overtrulnod and louo tholr cun
ning. If you wish to buy nn nutomobllo for
yourself and become u chauffeur, do
!o, Hunch, nnd Ponchos and I will miss
your boyish laughter about tbo house,
and wo will sit by tlio llrosldn In tho
twilight nnd talk about what you
The Automobile Face.
might hnvo beon If you hadn't gone
out of our llvoa ho abruptly.
1 don't wish to discourage you,
Hunch, but If you have a buudlo of
aparo coin, why don't you Invent It In
n building lot In tho suburbs? a lot
which runs not backwards or for
wards, and which bites not lllto nn ml
dcr nor utlugoth like a serpent, and
upon which no coroner can sit for any
length of time without gattlng the
lumbago.
Sponklntf of gasolluo naturally
brings us to koroBouo.
Wo havo boon getting along nicely
out here In the country, with tho pob
slble exception that PeaehuH has tried
to mssaHslnato all tho mosquitoes In
tho neighborhood with almost fatnl
results to horsolf.
Peaches hooius to havo labored
under tho Impression that the proper
way to assassinate a moHqullo Is tn
throw u bomb at It and then orosa tho
tlngera and hope for tho host.
At any rate, sho road soinowhoro In
n book that tho kindest way to as
sasulnate tho mosquito Is to coax
a buitoh of them up In tho corner and
throw vitriol In their faces, whluh gen
orally causes thom to by ashamed of
saMiw' i1 mrti
CsASOLENE
AMD
("HUGH M'HUGH.")
themselves and makes them lead less
bloodthirsty lives.
Woll, Peaches tried this Idea, but It
uo happened that my best pair of trou
Born were hanging In tho snmo cor
ner which she picked out to work her
third degree on tho Hkcets, with the re
sult Hint my trousers departed thft
world In great hasto, while tho mosqul-
toes put their stingers up their Hleoves
and ran nway, laughing wildly.
Then I took Poaches out In a vacant
lot, fat from the bosom of her fam
ily, and explained to her the scientific
difference betwoeu motqultoos nnd a
paid of nine-dollar trousers, to all of
which sho listened with much pa
tience, oxcept when I sworo too loud.
Hut she was not discouraged nay!
Tho next day sho read In a paper
that korosono oil was the only genu
ine nnd reliable way to ovorcomo tho
mosquito, so sho wont after them by
tho oil route.
Tho nrtlclo In tho paper didn't glvo
full Instructions how to uso tho kero
sene, ho reach oh thought It all out
for awhllo, and thon sho poured about
half n gallon of oil In tho bathtub
and waited.
1 think she expected tho mosquitoes
to walk Into tho bath-room, undress,
grab the Heap nnd plunge Into tho
korosono oil, whore they would perish
miserably without oven getting a
chnnco to throw up tho sponge.
Hut none of tho mosquitoes In our
bouso felt that It was necessary to
tako n bath, ho that scheme failed,
while worse and more ravenous nnd
more pitiless grow tho hunger of the
pests which wore UHlng us for a meal
ticket.
Then somebody told Pcacheu that
tho right way to apply keroseno oil
wna to put it In a sprinkling can, then
dash up behind tho enemy nnd
sprinkle them on tho lumbar region.
To hoo Peaches chasing n bovy of
mosquitoes around tho parlor with flro
In her eyes, a carpet-sweeper In her
loft hand nnd a sprinkling can full of
kerosene oil In hor right hnnd was a
Dash Up Behind the Enemy.
sight such as these eyes of mlno nover
boforo boheld.
If tbo lire from hor eyes hnd ovor
roachod tho kerosene holy amoko!
On tho level, Hunch, If there was
any placo In our houao which Peaches
didn't sprinkle with korosono It nniKt
have been a fow of my collars and
cuffs which hudn't come from 'the
laundry yot.
For two dayH, Hunch, It rained koro
sono In our household.
For breakfast tho toast was sceutod
with kerosene, and It floated llko n
rainbow on top of tho cuffoo.
For luncheon tho codllsh cakes ho
haved llko a leaky lamp, and tho
shredded onions lost all their cour
ago and wanted to leave tho room.
For dlnnor tho corn beef lookod
llko n roast on John D. Hockofellor,
and the dollcato blossoms of tho sauer
kraut were nil Hhrlvelod up, and
tasted like tho Ohio river near Park
ersburg. In tho meantime, Hunch, tho mosqui
toes uro having tho time of their llvoa.
They thought wo were giving a
Mnrdl Oras for tholr bonollt, so they
sent out luvltatloim to nil their friends,
with the result that our llttlo family
lost more blood than Is spilled In n
South American revolution.
Poaches ban abandoned tho koro
sono Idea, and Is now fumigating tho
house with something which falls on
tho Insulted nose llko a hard ship on
tho face, so I am writing thla letter
out In tho barn.
My theory about tbo mosquito Is
that ho has humnulty stung, going
and coming.
Yours done in oil, JOHN.
(Copyrliihl. m, by CI. W. ttlllliiKluun Co.)
Hnd Poor Opinion of Dr. Hall.
Kov. Dr. Charlos F. AUed's export
once wlin a would-be convert which ho
related to his congrogatlou in Now
York hoars close resemblance to an oc
currence which tho Into ltov. Dr. John
Hnll spoke of soveral years boforo his
death. A man camo to lilin and paid
that he hud resolved to renouueo Ills
faith and to dovoto tho rest of his ltfe
to the conversion of the Jews, although
all his frlonda wore of that persuasion.
Ho told of tho eagerness of hundreds
to follow him nnd wantod to havo the
management of u mission, If tint
church would pay tho expense of main
tnlntug it. Dr. Hall Bald ho would
consider tho matter, mudo Inquiry as
to the man's character and when ho
called for an nnswor declined tho offer
with thanks. Tho man scorned to be
disappointed, used disrespectful lan
guage nnd said to tho Scotch maid
who showed him to tho door: "lie's a
hard man to do buBtncsa with."
Many dairymen are not raising their
heifer calves; Instead the herd la te
planished by buying cows. Four pro
fessional cow buyers sold about 7,000
cows In the vicinity of Klgln. 111.,
alone, last year; besides this many
tows woro shipped In by tho dnlry
men themselves. On many dairy
farms tho heifer calves, good, had and
Indifferent, go for venl. Whoro this
la done It means there Is no provi
sion for perpetuating tho dairy herd or
tho best cowh In It
Tho dnlryman from whom tho Mil
noln station bought cow No. 1 with n
A Shrewd Young Flnancler'a Clever
Heifers at from Two
three years' record of 105 pounds of
butter fat per year, was making no ef
fort to perpotunto her superior quali
ties but wns selling her calves at $2.50
each. TIiIb la certainly a ruinous prnc
tlco to the dnlry business.
Tho cow buyer cannot get enough
really1 good cowu to supply his pur
chasers, as hut fow of tho best cows
uro for aale. Tho dairyman himself
iini3t rnlao the holfor calves of hla
best cows and not dopend on nny
body'o offerings to replenish his herd.
Ho has the breeding Btock, tho feed
choap feed and tho equipment. Cnlf
raising Is a natural part of hla busi
ness. It la absurd to aupposo that.ns
n rule ho can buy as good cows as ho
can raise. Tho reasons nre plain. Ho
needs to retain but fow cnlves each
year and enn sell tho less-promlslng
ones. Ho knows tho parcntngo of tho
calves and need snvo none but thoso
from high-producing mothers. It Is
far cnHler to sail Inferior stock (to tho
butcher) than to buy cows that uro
excellent producers.
A promlnont dalrymnn of tho Btnlo
snys of his grade herd: "Tho holfcrs
wo ralso from our best cows nre bet
ter milk producers with their first
cnlvea than aro tho avcrago mature
cows wo can buy." Several of our
most progressive dairymen hnvo said
practically tho same thing.
Yet In the faco of all thla, hundreds
of dairymen mnko no effort to savo
tholr best holfor cnlvea, nnd they
think thoy havo a reason. They sny
The Bull Is One-Half of the Herd.
It takes too much milk. Thla question
waa carefully investigated with 18
calves by tho Illinois experiment sta
tion. Twelve cnlvea at a tlnio wero
tented at four different times. It wna
found thoy could bo successfully raised
on 150 pounds of whole milk and 100
pounds of aklnimllk. Thla milk waa
fed at tho into of ten pounds per day
until tho cnlvea wero 50 dnys old,
whon It wna gradually lessened ono
pound per day for ten days and then
no more wns fed. No substitutes for
milk wero used. Only ordinary grains
wmon uio inrmer produces, and a
good quality of loguino hay wore fed,
showing Hint the dairyman can ralao
a calf In this way with almost no ex
tra trouble. Sovoral of these ralvea
aro now cowa In milk nnd good pro
ducora, Indicating that they were not
Injured by this method of raising.
Tho sale vnlue of tho milk red thoso
calves wns as follows:
150 Hi, whole milk C 1 pur 100 t no
4W) lit. skim milk Of fo.au ;er ioo j!s
Total ; tTro
And those prices of milk are liberal,
especially as thoy aro paid at the furm,
and no money or labor la expended In
hauling tho milk to market, it H not
oo oxponslvo to ralso a calf as tho
dalrymon havo thought. The grain
nnd liny consumed by tho heifers of
high quality will glvo much botior re
turns than tho samo food fed to cows.
HnlBlng tho heifer calves of good
high-producing cows, Is a great funda
mental requlslto for tho best and
easiest Improvement of the dairy
herd, Hut thoso cnlves will take their
qualltloB from both parents, and It Is
equally Important that tho calf shall
uf Rood parentage on tho male
side
An Inspection of dairy herds will
show that ninny Minos comparatively
111 t It attention Ib paid to the quality
of the sire. In a recent visit to tho
dairy region of northorn Illinois, tho
writer notod six herds In which tho
heifer calves woro raised for future
cows, but In which tho sires used
were mlsorablo llttlo scrubs, veritable
rutUs and weaklings, obtained by sim
ply saving a grndo calf from n poor
herd. Of many other slroB fairly good
as Individuals, nothing is known of the
Deal In Picking Up These Sacrificed
to Three Dollars Apiece.
actual milk production of their female
ancestors.
With a herd of -10 cowa, na herb Il
lustrated, each cow roprcsentB one-
olghtloth of the future herd each year,
and the whole number of 40 cows rep
resent forty-olglitletha of tho herd, and
the good woll-bred slro represents one
hnlf or forty-eightieths of all tho qual
ity und qualities, character and char
acteristics, tho capacity for milk pro
duction, and ovorythlng oIbo, transmit
ted to tho calves which are to consti
tute tho succeeding herd.
A flno dairy slro can bo bought for
$150, nnd with 10 grade cowa at $G0
pdr head, the herd comes to $2,100.
Tho bull costa only ono-sevonteenth of
tho investment, yet ho will Improvo
tho future herd ns much na .tho other
alxteon-Eevcntcenths. Tho extra $100
put Into a good slro Is tho best Invest
ment In tho herd.
Forty-one nnlmals aro purchased;
ono nnlmnl will Inlluonco tho future
herd na much as tho other -10. It la
worth while, then, to glvo much oxtra
time nnd study to tho solectlon of that
ono, the slro.
From generation to generation tho
succession of well-selected sires goes
on Increasing and Intensifying tho im
provement of the herd. In this way
tho Biro becomes three-fourths, sovon
eighths, flfteon-slxteentha, etc., of tho
herd. In fact in a few years the slro
la practically "tho wbolo thing."
So the slro mny bo much more than
half the hord whether Judged by tho
quantity, Btrength, quality or accumu
luted effect of tho charactorlstlca ho
transmits. It Is literally truo that tho
slro may thus, within n fow years, nt
slight expense, completely transform a
dnlry herd nnd more than doublo Its
prollt.
Hvory mnn who hns had any ex
tended exporienco or observation In
tho uso of n good pure-bred slro from
high-producing dnma nt tho head of n
dnlry herd, will ngreo that this Biro
waa of peculiar value nnd grout econ
omy In building up tho herd. Tho rec
ords of dairy breeding havo proved
It .conclusively a thousand times ovor.
No man who studios tho facta can
doubt It. Tho evidence la to bo aeon
In tho heifers of every such slro, nnd
In tholr contrast with heifers lacking
such parontnge.
Loose Shoes. Tho horso'B shoos
should bo kept tight. A looso shoo
greatly tires tho horso that bus to
wear It, especially If ho has to work
on hard roads. It Is often a cause of
lameness. Looso ahoos can bo pre
vented by taking tho horse to the
blncksmlth's occasionally and hnvlng
him examlno tho shoes to seo If thoy
need tightening.
Mow the Pasture Weeds. It Is a
good thing to mow tho pasture weeds
at tho beginning of summer, bo that
tho cowa will not got a chanco to oat
thorn even If thoy so doslro. This
will help keop the milk from having
a weedy flavor and will also give tho
grass a chance to begin to supplant
the weeds.
A Paying Tree. A Now York farm
er has a "Swoot Hough" apple treo
that has not yielded less than three
bushels ouch year for 10 succoaslvo
years. Last year the fruit, was just
as delicious ns tho first time It bore.
Selecting a Breed. Select n breed
and stick to It. You will be Just ns
woll repaid In Improving nnd dovolop
Ing n good lot of fowls as woll as you
would In Improving good 11 vo stock.
Exercise the Brood Mare. The
brood maro should have a fow hours'
exercise In tljo yard or on tho road
every day. It does not pay to keep
her confined.
Provide ShadeShady nooks
relished by the laying hens.
nro
OF A GROWING JYDI6TRY f
mSmmm 1 mBS&ffiSBSS&l
5i'i'mG tablz
n jj- mnmgrMnmin.,iim..,i.i.il irrimrinnr muni in i
TMvr,iTin niTiimfi n wiiiiiiiw inn n imi
WjMVJY 57VRAG IfOUJG 3g
Tho American lemon Industry Iiob
become permanently established on a
firm foundntlon within tho lust- few
years, tho seasona Hlnco 1001 having
proved unusually prolltablo. It com
menced to nssumo u commercial as
pect 'J5 years ago, but for a score of
ycarB It wns a question whether It
would becomo established permnncnt
ly or whether tho American supply
of lemons would contlnuo to bo de
rived, ns In tho past, from foreign
sources.
The lemon la grown In tho cltrua
frult bolt of California, where at tho
present tlmo tho annual production Is
from H.OOO to 4,000 airloads, which
represents npproxlmntoly 100,000,000
pounds, or from one-third to two-fifths
of tho total quantity used In tho
United Stntos. There are imported
nnnually Into tho United Stntos about
150,000.000 pounds of lemons, mostly
from tho Islnnd or Sicily. If this
amount or fruit were expressed In
terms of tho California method of
packing and shipping It would repre
sent more than 1,750,000 boxes, oi
nbout C.000 carloads.
In tho onrly days of tho Industry
there wero no precedents to follow
that woro nppllcnblo to tho bundling
or tho lemon In Calirornla. Tho pio
neer growers mado many mistakes.
ICach step rorwnrd In tho culture or
tho groves and In tho handling and
shipment or tho fruit was gnlned by
costly experience. Groves wero lo
cated In unsultablo places, on frosty
nroas, on uncongenial soils, In locnll'
ties dependent upon an Inndequato
supply of Irrigation water, or on soil
that was overcharged with alkali. The
growers had to learn about tbo hand
ling of tho soil, tho Irrigation and fer
tilizing of tho crop, and tho mainten
ance of soil fortuity by cover crops
and other sources of humus. Tho
methoda of pruning havo only recently
begun to emerge from n chaotic con
dition. Tho losses from decay until
recently wero bo lnrgo and oo uni
versally expected that tho California
lemon wns gonornlly supposed to hnvo
poor keeping qualities, und dealers
Aoro cautious about handling the
fruit.
The American lemon Industry Is lo
cntod principally In southern Cali
fornia, which includes the counties
Bouth of tho Sierra Mudro mountains.
Tho most Important region north of
theso mountains Is In Tulare county.
Tho lemons lmportod Into tho
United States aro grown principally
In Italy, the fruit coming mainly from
Mny to Soptembor from tho Islnnd of
Sicily, with u small quantity from the
vicinity of Nnplo8. A few lemons are
lmportod from Spain, Moxlco and the
West Indies. The Industry la bolng
dovolopod to a limited extent In Cuba
nnd Porto Hleo.
Tho lemon Is shipped from Caliror
nla every month or tho year. The dis
tribution Is rogulatod somawhnt by
holding tho fruit picked In wintor nnd
spring In common storngo for soveral
weokB or months boforo sblpniont. Tho
lomon treo whon handled proporly Is
ovor bearing, a treo containing at any
tlmo fruit In nil stages of develop-
mont from the blosuoin to tho rlpo
lomon. Tho fruit rlpous most nbund
antly during tho lato fall, winter and
spring, tho heaviest harvest occurring
from Fobruary to Juno hi tho const
m I. I, i7i iii iiirT
region nnd beginning In Novcmbor
and December In tho Inland regions.
It Is tho aim of the lemon grower to
hnvo tho harvest ns heavy as possi
ble In the summer, when tho fruH; la
in greatest demand, nnd ho endeavors
to inlluenco tho season of boating to
some extent by pruning and by Irri
gation, though not to tho extent at
tempted by foreign lomon growers.
Tho most prolltablo months In tho
lomon markot aro during hot weather
from May to September, tho condition
of Uio market at any tlmo during this
period depending on the temperature
nt tho point of consumption nnd the
supply or Imported fruit. Tho ship
ments from California aro largest
from Mnreh to July, nbout 00 per cent,
of tho crop going forward during that
period. The shipments In the last fow
yearn havo beon greatest In tho
months of May, Jimo nnd July. The
fruit shipped In the spring nnd Bum
mer mny Include winter und spring
lemons that have been stored, as well
us tho fruit that la picked during the
aprlng nnd summer months.
The lemon Is picked, irrespective of
tho dogroo of maturity of tho fruit,
whon It machos the approximate size
desired by tho mnrket.. If It Is al
lowed to ripen on tho treo tho fruit la
likely to be overgrown, coarno In tex
ture, lacking In acidity, und of poor
keeping quality, hi ordor to Judge
aceurntoly, each picker is provided
with a ring to bo used In tostlng tho
size of tho lemons. If tho fruit is to
bo hold soveral woeks or mouths bo
foro shipment, tho ring generally has
n dlamotor or 2 5-1G inches, which al
lows for consldorablo shrlnlcago whllo
tho fruit Is In tho Btorago house. If
tho lemons nro to bo shipped soon
aftor picking, the ring usually ha3 n
dlnmeter or 2 1-4 Inches. With size
rathor than maturity na the lending
factor in determining whon the fruit
Bhnll bo picked, tho lemons vary in
color from dark green to yellow, nnd
In texture Trent tho thin skin or the
trec-rlpened lomons to tho coarso
greon lomons that grow on tho out
side branches. It Is nec'ossnry to pick
a vigorous-growing grovo onco a
month, on tho avorago, in ordor to
avoid having a large proportion or
overused lemons. In picking tho fruit
tho picker cuts rrom the treo with
shonrs or ellp.ierg the lemons that
do not pass through tho ring. Ho nlso
picks the smnller lemons that have
ripened on the treo nnd havo reached
full growth. The fruit Is placod In
picking sacks slung ovor tho shoulder
of tho picker, and la hauled In boxes
to the packing house. The handling
of the fruit In the grovo Is done with
extreme care to avoid cutting It with
tho clippers, stem puncturing It, or
bruising It In othor ways.
Tho bundling of tho fruit aftor It
machos tho packing houso Is n sorles
of complex operations requiring skill
and experience. The fruit has to be
cleaned, graded and colored or ripen
ed uniformly before It Is ready ror
shipment. In addition, it mny bo do
slrable to hold It In storngo for sev
eral weeks or months for better mar
ket conditions. A lemon storage
house Is shown In our Illustration.
If the children look with suspicion
at cnller It liidlcnig that they nro
scorning the catitr of lmvlug conjo ho
onus ho Iwml the k qream frezer.