iPTY wAm
JBLE1 ma. jcutjlj jm. f
ANNIVERSARY OF
OCCUP IN AUGU6
OLD BANK BUILDING 1ZWIUW6 Of
AT DuAJiURY
of1
jaYA"? out THGyW
Just CO ycnrs ngo next August, on
Iho seventeenth day of tho month, tho
first telogrnphlc message ncroBS tho
Atlantic vlu tho now cnblo wub Bont
from Knglnnd to Amotion. Tho mes
nago wns of 00 wordfi, from Quoon
Victoria to President Huchnnnn. It
took 07 minuted to transmit. It wns
tho flrBt tniifilhlo proof that ono of
tho KrcntoKt nttompts of tnnn In tho
Hold of bcIoiico hnd Biicccoded.
When n llttlo company of mon, tin
dor tho lendorshlp of Cyrus W. Flold,
began to organize for tho purpoBo of
bringing tho old world nnd tho now
within sponklng dlBtnnco of each oth
er by means of a protected thread of
wlro ncroBs tho Atlantic, thoy woro
hooted nt nu mndmon. Capitalists who
invested their money In tho sohomo
woro thought by their frlondB to have
bocomo borolt of roaaon. Fow Imag
ined tho feat poBslblo.
lly formal ngreomont, on Soptombor
29, 18G0, tho Atlnntlc Telegraph com
pany wan organized. Hh object wub
"to lay, or coubo to bo laid, a subma
rlnn cablo across tho Atlantic."
Among thoHO promlnont In tho form
ing of tho compuny wore Potor Coop
er, Chandlor Whlto. Mobcb Taylor,
Marshall O. RobortB and Cyrua W.
Field.
Tho ilrot atop In tho program was
to bo tho laying of n cablo ncroHU tho
Quit of St. Lawrence, from Capo Hay
Covo to Capo North. Tho first trial
wns disastrous, becaiiBo of a ftirloua
storm, but In tho following year tho
cablo wan successfully laid. Now
foundlnnd wnu to bo tho western term
lnuu. Asilstanco wua obtained from tho
United Stntos, Newfoundland and
English governments. Tho United
BtatoH frigate NIngara, which was de
tailed to assist In submerging tho
cablo, went to Englnnd April 24, 18G7.
Tho colling of tho cablo In Liverpool
occupied three weolis. A Btratul of
novon coppor wires composing tho
conductor, occupied tho center. There
wns a gutta percha Insulation, n cov
ering of specially prepared hemp, and
thon tho outer covering of Iron wlro,
for protecting tho cablo,
Flvo largo conos wore nrrnngod In
tho hold of tho Niagara, round which
tho cable was colled. Tho length car
rlod nindo a total or 1,204 miles. Tho
reinnluilor was carried by tho English
ship Agumomuon, 1,700 nautical miles
bolng required between tho tomlnl
nt Newfoundland and Ireland, Spe
cially constructed and complicated
apparatus wns designed for paying
out, and, If uood be, winding In tho
cablo.
Nature seemed to favor tho proj
ect, for extending along tho bed of tho
ocean, exactly botweon tho two points
to bo connected, Ib a great plcntoau,
like an immense prairie, stretching
over nn extent of 1,100 miles from
eust to west, with an uvorugu dopth
of about two miles. As It approaches
tho Newfoundland const It la ontlroly
' freo from tho Affects of Icoborga which
ground on shallow bottoms. In every
othor part, tho Atlantic Is character
ized by abrupt declivities and moun
tain heights.
Another advantage was found In
tho deposit of Infusoria, covering tho
bottom In nbuudnnco. The material
Bhowod a tondency to unite with tho
iron wlro r.so'.ecf'g tVo cablo, thus
forming a couueto inr.jy, muklng In
effect a bed of down for tho cubic to
rest upon.
Tho landing of the cable In Dolus
bay wns successfully accomplished on
the Cth of August, 1S57. Nevor beforo
hnd such a mass of pcoplo ussemblod
on tho shores of that bay, Thoy camo
from mllea nround from their huts
on tho steep hillsides and tho moun
tain passes, from tho storlod scenes
of KUIarnoy In tho Interior, and tho
bloak coust In tho south,
J OF
LB
IT6 LAYING WILL
'1X111
It was a great day for all. Flvo
days tho Niagara sailed, overcoming
grrnt dllllcultles In the laying of tho
cable: then, on the sixth day, when
tho Niagara had left the shore 300
miles behind, a mistaken order to put
on hrultoB resulted in a strain which
broke tho cable.
There waa nothing to do but return
to Englund. Tho Nlagnru sailed for
Now York tho following November.
Of courso a greut cry was raised
that tho scheme had been fairly tried
onto nnd failed, and that tiny furthor
attempt to uchlcvo thin impossibility
was madness and a criminal waste of
tho stockholders' money. Hut in tho
face of all this opposition, tho llttlo
band of resolute men, led still by tho
Indomitable Cyrus W. Flold, dotor
mined to make another attempt.
They hnd learned by their experi
ence many vntuablo lessons. Ono that
It would bo better for tho two vessola
cnrrylng tho cablo to moot in mid
ocean, mnko n splice, and then sail In
opposite directions. Other lessons re
lated to Improvements In tho paying
out machinery It was found impos
sible to wind In tho cablo nfter it was
once out, as tho very weight of tho
lino was sufficient to break it.
Tho telegraph squudron arrived nt
Plymouth, England, .Juno 3, and after
an experlmontnl trip of three days,
having received a fresh Biipply of coal,
started for mldocean on tho 10th, tho
point of rendezvous having been de
cided. Whon tho splice wub finished, con
necting tho cablo of tho Niagara with
that of tho Agamemnon, tho two vos
boIb pnrted. A terrlblo storm camo
up soon afterward, nnd nfter 142 miles
nnd 280 fathoms of cable had been
pnld out tho lino broke. It was only
by good fortune thnt tho vessels ro
turned to land In Bnfety.
While tho squadron wnB lying in
tho hurbor of QuceiiBtowu, moetlnga
wero hold by tho board of directors
In London. It wns proposed to aban
don tho ontorprlBo nnd Boll tho cnblo.
Whon tho iiowb or this reached Mr.
Flold, ho started In great hnsto for
London. Ho romonstrntod with tho
despondent, uphold tho wavering, nnd
finally, by his will and courngo, ob
tained consent to muko nnother at
tempt. Tho vosboIb, accordingly, mot again
nt tho rendezvous, on July 28, nnd
after making tho spllco with somo
ceremony, separated. Anxloty waa
keon, ns n kink In tho cnblo, or a
hole running through tho gutta porcha
through which not even u hair could
bo forced, would render all tho work
unavailing.
On tho nth of August, 18CS, tho
oafltom end of tho cnblo waa landed In
Trinity bay, Nowfoundlund, and tho
prosi of tho country soundod loud
pralBefl In honor of tho triumph. On
tho 17th of August, tho famous mes
sages wero aont and recolved by
cublo between Victoria and President
Huchnnnn.
Concerning tho message, ono of tho
olcctrlclans on hourd tho Niagara Is
roported to have mado tho Btatomnnt
that It was "cooked up" for commer
cial purposes, his ground being that
tho cablo had ceased to test out long
beforo roachlng Newfoundland, nnd
that on sovornl occasions In paying
It out nccldontH hnd occurred that had
destroyed tho Insulation of tho cablo.
In 18115 another unsuccessful at
tempt waB niude to lay an Atlantic
cablo. The first operative cablo waa
not laid until 1806.
A part of transcontinental cablo his
tory that possesses special local In
terest Is the landing of tho French
Atlantic cnblo at Duxbury,, In tho year
1800. This was tho llrst cable to
strotch actually from the shore of
America to tho shore of Europe.
VVhalei In Portland Harbor.
Two whales, ono about 100 feet and
tho other nbout "5 feet In length, wero
aeon Monday Bwlminlng nbout tho
harbor by several cottngora at Evor
green Lauding, Penks Inland,
Hie monsters wero peacefully
romping about In tho wator nnd whon
tho Htonnior Pilgrim camo down thtt
harbor thoy swam some dlstunco
away, but remained in view of tho
peoplo all tho time flapping their
huge tails out of tho water and spout.
lug water. It was a Bight not ofton
soon In Portland harbor. Lowlston
Joumul.
India's Vast Petroleum DoposiU.
The petroleum deposits of India, in-
ciuuing uurma, nnvo scarcely boon dls
turbed nnd tho magnitude of tho nos
slblo trade of India In petroloum and
Ifi products can hardly bo estimated
la 1900 07 llurum produced 137,05-1,000
guiionn mm exported 05,700,000 gnl
Ions, nil of It going to Indian ports.
fiiiWiaaAm,v!
A MAN, A
3 AND A
j 444444 j
(Copyright, by Hhort.itory Iub. Co.)
Ho wnB very smnll, very plump, nnd
very pretty; he wns possessed of a ,
somowhat philosophical turn of mind.
He spent most of his time lying In u
soft bed In u bright, sunny nursery,
nnd ho wub regularly given IiIb dinner
in a nicely warmed bottle.
Tho person who was moat familiar
to his wondering eyes wub a dainty, ,
whlto-clad, whito-capped girl, who was '
always cheerful and happy. It made ,
the baby happy to look at her; he ex
pressed his pleasure by crowing In a
language which ho and tho nurse
seemed perfectly to understand.
Ho was dimly aware that outside the
narrow lllmta of his nursery there ex
isted a big, noisy, confusing world.
Ho had received vague Impressions
concerning It during the brief hours
which ha usually passed outsldo on I
sunny afternoons. On theso occasions, i
however, tho fresh nlr always put him 1
to sleep so promptly that he had hnd
but llttlo opportunity to cxnmlno the
strange things Burroundlng him.
Remotely connected with IiIb Inner i
llfo thoro nppcared to bo other person
alltlca than that of his nurse, al
though ho hud never been ablo to sat
isfactorily analyze their relationship.
On rare occasions a man had made
brier vlsltfl to tho nursery. Ho gen
erally looked gravely at tho baby for a
short time, naked a fow calm ques
tions of tho white-cupped nurse, and
went out.
Tho baby always felt much In awe
ot tho man; ho never crowed when
tho mnn waa present.
More frequently tho baby had n
vlaltor who In some respects resem
bled his nurse, except thnt she was
much more beautiful and more daz
zllngly attired. She often bent long
over tho bod, and looked enrnostly at
tho baby. Her face, despite Ita
beauty, never seemed happy llku that
of the nurse, nnd she never talked In
tho language which tho baby and tho
nurse understood.
Tho baby's faco alwnys grew solemn
with wonder and expectation when tho
womnn stood over him. Somewhere
In his bolng he felt a prompting to
crow to hor; ho Bomohow felt that It
might bring a smllo to her sad ejvs
but ho had never quite dnrod.
Ono day as tho nurso was proparlng
his dinner tho womun entered. She
Woman Knelt by the Little White
Bed.
was very palo, and her beautiful eyes
wero shadowy.
"You may go out for an hour, Liz
zle." sho said, "I will glvo tho baby
his bottlo to day."
Tho nurse's oyos openod wide with
astonishment, but she mado no com
ment as sho complied.
Aftor tho nurso had gone tho woman
knelt by the llttlo whlto bed. and mys
tilled tho bnby beyond measure by
bursting Into tours. For a time sho
sobbod uncontrollnhly, while tho baby
forgot his bottlo In his wonder.
When sho grew calmer she poured
out hor heart to the baby. Ho seemed
to understand, nnd sho had no other
conlldnnt. Sho told him many things
of neglect, misunderstandings, nnd
heartbreaks. Finally sho ceased talk
lug, and sat motionless, her dnrk eyes
gazing absently out of tho window.
Tho door opened softly, and tho
womnn started to her feet; when sho
saw tho man n quick flush sprang to
her cheeks.
"I bog your pardon," ho Bald, in
stinctively lowering his eyes, "I did
not moan to Intrude I did not know
you wore In."
"I I havo been giving tho baby his
bottlo," sho Btummored, conscious of
hor tear-Btulned ruce. "Don't lot mo
drlvo you away," she continued, as ho
hair-turned toward tho door. "Did you
como to boo tho baby? I didn't know
you "
"Ever camo to boo him?" ho sup
ploniented, as she hesitated. "Yes, 1
como in now nnd then to see how
he is getting nlong; Llzzlo Is rathor
young to havo the enro of a baby."
"Don't you think ho Is a little pale
today?" she asked.
i
i
TTn
WOMAN
BABY ?
Tho mun Btudled tho baby gravely
for a moment "It seema to mo ho
does look a bit under tho weather,"
he said, Judicially. "I wonder If ho
gets enough to out."
Tho baby, emboldened by tho con
tents or his bottlo afid Bomowhat reas
sured by the attention ho was re
ceiving, gave a llttlo gurgle, followed
by the best crow ho was capable of
producing. Then ho smiled cordially
at the two grave faces above him, con
fident that they would understand that
he was ready to accept overtures for
his favor.
Tho woman's eycB lighted up; she
looked at the man. He mot her gaze
for u moment, nnd glanced away.
"Queer how thoroughly his eyos nro
like yours," ho said, with an effort nt
common-placeneBS.
"And his mouth and nose nro repli
cas of yours." Sho stooped Impulsive
ly nnd klBsed tho baby's tiny mouth.
Looking up, sho caught tho man'B eye,
nnd Bomethlng she saw there brought
the rosy IIuhIj back to her cheek.
"It'a been a long tltnp," ho Bnid,
Blowly, "since "
"Yes, a long time," sho murmured,
as If phrases did not havo to bo com
pleted to be understood.
"Bver since " he began, and
stopped again.
"Since that night In tho conserva
tory," she mused, "whon you saw
Cousin Tom"
"What do you mean?" ho Interrupt
ed, quickly. "Do you mean It wasn't
Dick Chnlloncr that kissed you!"
"He has never dono such n thing In
his llfo!" sho exclaimed.
"Oh, Mary," ho cried, with a rush of
understanding, "why didn't you tell
mo It was Tom?"
"Hocauao yon nover asked mo," sho
replied, "you choso to put your own
construction on things, nnd to treat
me coldly, and to act horrid with "
Hut hor speech wns never finished,
nnd tho baby squealed with delight at
seeing such demonstrations from this
enigmatical man.
When tho nurso camo In a rew mo
ments Inter she round that tho'man
nnd tho woman had learned tho Inn
gungo of tho baby so well that all
three wero holding nn nnlmated con
vcrsntlon, and the subject of It all
Boomed to bo tho baby.
"Lizzie," said tho woman, whoso
eyes wero shining, "hereafter I will
give tho baby his bottlo ovory day at
this hour."
MAKING GODS FOR INDIA.
Foreign Countries Cutting Into Profit
able Native Industry.
Fow of us realize that Into tho vnst
triangle of HIndustnn is packed one
firth or tho cntlro human race more
than 200,000,000 Hindus, 00,000,000
Mohammedans, 10,000,000 aborigines
nnd well over 35,000,000 or other mis
cellaneous peoples, making up a popu
lation or over 300,000,000, Bpeaklng
Bcorea or different tongues nnd divided
Into hundreds of separate states.
Tho most Important Industry of In
dia Is agriculture, for tho pcoplo aro
a race or runners, nnd nearly two
thirds or tho masses cultivate the soil,
eking out a living so sennty thnt tho
slightest falluro of the monsoon brings
acuto distress, If not posltlvo famine.
It Is perhaps for this reason that
India Is tho most god-ridden region on
oarth. Hor deities nro numbered in
millions, for, qulto npnrt from tho
greator gods, every llttlo hamlet bo
tweon tho tremendous Himalayas and
Capo Comorln has Its own sot of dei
ties, drendful and benoflcent.
From this It will bo scon thnt god
making In India must necessarily bo
an Immense business, nnd Just now
thoro Is much reeling among tho nn
tlvo nrtlflcers over this holy and profit
able Industry being cut Into by for
eign merchants and traders. Only tho
other day an enormoits llvc-tlored Jug
gernaut car of gayly painted wood and
steel was mado In Calcutta, and or
late years Birmingham and Philadel
phia havo both secured big slices of
tho traffic In gods.
Every village, especially in South
India, Is supposed to be surrounded
by ovll spirits, alwnys on tho wutch
to Inflict dlscaso and misfortune on
tho people. At tho sumo tlmo ovory
llttlo humlet bus ntso Its guardian
spirits.
Our Older Civilization.
You ulwnys have to travel to the
cunt for monuments of n time older
than your own. New Yorkers go to
Europe, Europeans go to China nnd
Japan. Hut It Is not often thnt New
Yorkers think of themselves ns typify.
Ing something of this kind to others,
says the Now York Press. Yet In n
recent Issue of n Chicago paper tho
editor of questions answered column
buggests to one of his readers that sho
go to the Catskllls or Whlto mountains
for a walking tour rather than to Colo
rndo, tho ono given reason for tho
eastern trip being that the Inquirer
"will meet nn older civilization."
It Took Everything.
Nnybor Sorry to hear you had scar
let fever at your house. That's a. bad
disease. They eny It usually leaves
you with something.
Poploy Huh! It Isn't likely to
leave mo with anything, Judging from
tb doctor's bill.
BY C. F. MARTIN I f I
. . rj v i i ae
HOGGING OFF CORN IS
AN ECONOMICAL PLAN
Helps to Solve- tho Farm Labor Problem. By D. A.
Gautnnitz, M. S., Agr., Minnesota.
Portion of a Corn Field That Has Bee
Seen tho Standing Corn Before the H
Note Pigs should not bo on ono field fo
14 d
Tho variety of corn usually grown In
n locality is tho proper kind to grow
for hogging oft purposes, since It Is
probably tho best adapted to tho local
ity and gives tho largest yield. How
ever, getting nn early start In tho fat
tening process Is very advantageous,
and It sometimes happens when pas
ture supplies aro short or tho early
8alo of hogs la desirable, that such a
variety doca not mature early enough.
To bo propnred for such conditions, It
Is well to grow a sufficient nmount of
sweet corn or early maturing flint corn
to tldo over until tho field corn is
rendy for use. No moro than Is suf
llclent ror early- rail reeding should bo
grown slnco It costs Just as much to
grow these varieties us it doea the
dent and thoy yield much less. Flint
corn Is preferable to sweet corn for
hogs, and field feeding of flint corn
rIvcb better results than where
husked nnd fed after tho corn has
hardened.
Ono or tho great objections In grow
ing flint and othor early varieties or
corn hns boon the difficulty or harvest
ing them. Feeding thorn off with live
stock eliminates this objection, and It
would seem that they might bo grown
and utilized moro extensively.
Pigs wolghlng trom 100 to 140
pounds are best suited ror flold feed-
Showing Approximately the Number
Corn by a Given Number of
- WITH CORN SHRUNK TO JAN. 1. and YIELDING)
fef n . i - i - - -
S-S JO bu. 15 bu. 40 bu. 45 bu. SO bu. 55 bu. CO bu.&5 bu. 70 bu.
i'S0" per per per per per per per per per
acre jicre acre acre acre acre acre acre acre
Lb. Dy Diy Dart Days Dayt Day Days Day Dan
Will keep 10 Hosi 125 22.5 26.2 JO.O 3J.7 37.5 41.2 45.0 48.7 52.5
Will keep 20 Host 125 11.2 13.1 15.0 16.8 18.7 20.6 22.5 244 25.2
WUI keep 30 Host 125 7.5 8.7 10.0 11.2 12.5 13.7 15.0 16.2 17.5
Will keep 40 Host 125 5.6 6.5 7.5 8.4 9.3 10.3 11.2 13.2 14.1
Will keep 50 Hoct 125 4.5 5.2 6.0 (j.7 7.5 8.2 9.0 ?.7 10.5
Will keep 60 Hot 125 3.7 4.4 5.0 5.6 6.2 6.8 7.5 S.l 8.7
Will keep 70 Hocj 125 3.2 3.7 4.3 4.8 5.3 5.8 6.4 6.9 7.5
Will Tieep 80 Hogt 125 2.8 3.3 3.7 4.2 4.6 5.1 5.6 6.1 ' 6.5
i
Ing fllnco thoy havo at that weight
formed n good amount of bono nnd
rausclo for framework, nnd aro In a
condition to fatten rather than to
grow. Those that havo been grown on
pusturo aro better fitted for tho work
than those thnt havo been conflnod
In pens, ns they aro more active, and
havo had moro experience in gathering
food for themselves. They, therefore,
eat corn more readily and require less
amounts of expensive mill feed. Shoats
ot this weight may bo expected to gain
nbout 1.4 pounds dally. In CO to 70
days of feeding thoy should gain ap
proximately 92 pounds.
Hoga weighing from 200 to 240
fest&s rK '! --v-r rzy- -T' X
A Corn Field That Was Hogged Off In. the Fall, Then Disked Twice and Har
rowed Once the Following Spring.
pounds nlmost always bring good
prices. It is not unreasonable then
to expect to start with p-tgs that weigh
from 115 to 140 pounds. If farrowed
In early April, pigs will mnko theso
weights by September 10.
Old brood sows that are thin In llesh
fntton up very quickly when turned
Into a field. A few weoks on early
varieties of corn will usually permit
such sows to be marketed early or be
foro It would bo possible following the
common method of feeding.
While oatliiB corn In tho field hogs
ruqulre a great deal of clear water.
n Hogged Off. On the Right May Be
ogs Are Turned In.
r moro than 10 days, nnd better if only
ays.
Thoy grow and thrive hotter when
they havo it, and Bomo meanB of sup
plying It to them fresh, nnd In largo
quantities, must be provided. When In
the field, hogs do not como up nnd
drink In droves aa thoy do In tho
ynrdB; therefore, It is necessary to
keep water beroro them continually.
When fields adjacent to tho farmstead
aro used, hogs can bo brought up to
tho yards and watered or fed slop ns
usual; where fields remote from tho
farmstead aro used, tho simplest way
Is to fill several barrels or casks with
water nnd haul them by team on a
otono boat or othor convoyanco to tho
field. Enough can thus bo taken out
at a tlmo to last for two or thrco days.
There aro no definite data at hand to
determine Just how large an area it Is
advisable to allow hogs nt one time in
reeding off corn. Results nt the Min
nesota station show that where It took
tho hogs 20 days to clean up n field
ot corn thoy did not mnko ns good
gains during tho latter part of the
period ns during tho earlier part. Somo
farmers who havo tried it claim that
as good results aro obtained by turn
lug Into tho wholo field at once as
by fencing Into lots. This Is a matter
to bo settled largely by circumstances
such as tho prlco of labor, tho shape
of the fields, tho cost to fence them,
of Days Required to Hog Off an Aero of
Pigs Weighing 125 Pounds.
and particularly tho soil and climatic
conditions. Whero thoro is much rain
nnd tho soil Is sticky the areas should
probably bo limited so that they can
be cleaned up In 20 days or less. Whero
there Is but llttlo rain, and tho soil is
sandy or gravelly, there Is perhaps no
good reason for limiting tho amount of
corn beyond that which thoy can con
sume beforo tho end or tho season. If
by mismanagement or accident any
part or a Hold Is loft unfinished brood
sows or stock hogs may advantageous
ly ho usod to clean It up, nnd If tho
amount Is largo, then they should bo
turned In for only a short period at a
time, as their breeding qualltlos aro
eaclly Injured by oxcosslve corn feed
lug. For convenience, a tablo has been
arranged showing approximately tho
number of days required to hog oft
an ncro of corn yielding various
amounts In order to enable the feeder
to Judge ns to tho acreage of corn ho
will need to Inclose nt a tlmo for his
plRs.
Comfort Is highly essential to tho
growth and well-being of plga; nnd
whllo thoy are out in the fields shelter
of some sort must ho provided tu
tildl
t
