Old-Style Structures for Use of Range Finders Have Been Proved by Severe Tests to Be Untrustworthy Dur ing Battle. 'ASHINGTON. Tremendous Bums nro annually expended In tnrgot practlco by tho navy of, tills nation. The ultlmatd end sought for In this sedulous training and costly expcndlturo is tho acquiring of nn ability to hit tho enemy first, to hit rapidly, and to hit hnrd. It Is now realized that tho sea fights of tho future will open at extremely long ranges, say flvo or six miles. "Tho fleet that first gets t'.io range," cays Rear Admiral Evans in a recent intorviow, "and Is best handled aftor tho range is obtained, will undoubted ly do such damage. In tho first ten min utes as practically to dlsablo tho op posing fleet." All other things being equal, tho in itial advantage would thereforo ap pear to bo tho deciding one. Tho gain ing of this advantngo is now almost wholly dopondont upon tho observers Stationed In tho tops, tho clear-eyed, cool-headed men who from their point of vantago determine tho rango, and by tho various systems of tiro control communicato it to tho men behind tho guns. With theso salient points in mind, tho reader can clearly compre hend tho vast importnnco of nn ob serving station sufficiently elevated for tho rango finders to execute their mission with precision and celorlty, more Important still, a station that can remain longest erect under tho stress of battle. Old-Style Mast Obsolete. In n recent notnblo test which was conducted by tho Hrltlsh ndmtrnlty, it was found that tho ordinary cylindri cal steol mast with which all battle ships aro now fitted Is wholly unfitted for this purpose Tho Hero, nn obso lete battleship of tho second class, was selected for tho cxperlmont. A'com ploto system of flro control wa3 In stalled in tho old warrior, and then tho vessel was anchorod ovor a shoal nnd attacked by tho guiiB of tho mod4 ern first-class battleships Illbcrnln and Dominion. Although tho deductions of tho nd mlrnlty ofllcinls havo beon withhold, a writer for a service Journal (Tho Navy) has ascertained that tho effect of tho gun flro upon ovory part of tho fire-control systom, locnted above the protective deck, was disastrous. A six-inch Bhell burst In tho Improvised fire-control top on tho mast r-J car ried away tho rango-flndlng s'a Ion In tho very beginning of tho slnulated combat. Most significant and impor tant of all, n spllntor of shell not n direct hit went through tho mast, and although tho mast stood, overy ono of its fire-control wires was severed. Thus was tho most Important problom solved In tho first two minutes. Changed Conditions In Shooting. Then was asked tho question whether tho modorn system of flro con trol, with its most Important Installa tion In n cylindrical steel mast and Its obscrvntory placed at a high olovatlon upon that mnst, could withstand for nny length of time tho flro of n straight-shooting foe. It wns renllzcd at onco thnt It could not thnt with the Incronsed rnngo nnd deadly pre cision of modor;i high-powered guns not only masts but smokestacks and other super-deck attachments nro moro than likely to bo shot away at tho vory beginning of tho battlo. This brought naval administrations face to faco with how conditions. Tho nood of somo method of cnrrylng rango Anders high in nlr had beon notinl In tho bnttio of tho Tsushima straits, whero tho Initial ndvantngo had been gained by tho Japanese who hnd concentrntod their flro upon tho Souvnroff, Rojostvonsky's flagship. Ac cording to Somonoff, a Russian nnval observer on board the flagship, tho mast of that vessel waB shot away al most at tho beginning of tho action. This not only Interrupted all furthor efforts on tho part of that vessel to got tho rango of hor antagonists from hor lighting tops, but It niso inter fered with the display of slgnnls. w New Mast, Simply a Spiral Mesh of Steel, Remained Standing on Monitor Florida Al though Cut in Many Places by Shells. The need of somo now method Indi cated by that battle was accentuated and mndo urgent by tho test to which tho Hero was subjected. Somo of our own very alort nnd progrosslvo navy officers at onco sot nbout solving the problem. The result was the tost to wlilch tho monitor Florida was sub jected a few days ago. Tho Arkansas, n sister ship, was selected to do the firing. Tho Florida is ono of tho now typo of single-turret monitors. For tho purposes of tho test alio was towed to tho Thimble Light Shoal, off Old Point Comfort, nnd anchored nbout midway botwoen Cnpo Charles and Capo Hon ry. Tho Arkunsns took a position about 3G0 yards westward, so that tho shots, aftor passing through tho Flor ida's military mast, would fall into tho open sen. Tho shotB were llred at a rango of about 350 yards with n re duced charge, so that tho effect was practically tho samo as a range of 5,000 yards with n full chargo of powder. Tho mast Is described as n mesh of stool, 90 feet In height, nnd carried near tho atom of thtTmonltor. It wns built upon a double spiral principle, each set of spiral columns running in nn opposite direction. At tho top wns a platform upon which woro two dum mies weighted and wired for record ing tho shock of tho projectile Tho steel rods which form tho mnst aro two Inches In diameter at tho base, narrowing at tho top. Tho exports who had designed it had employed nil of their mechanical skill to construct rsf. jrKST ssGsrrssrG rap a framework 'that would still remain erect though plercod by many shot. Strength and Lightness Needed. It was necessary to reconcllo two conditions. The steel skeleton must bo of great strength, and yot Its parts must bo bo light that tho Impact of n shell cutting through tho lnttlcellko frame would not recolvo enough reslBt nnco to explode it. Modorn shells, particularly thoso of tho smaller cali ber, aro fitted with a porcusslon fuse so sensltlvo that tho resistance offorcd by tho crest of a very small wave Is sufficient to oxplodo It. And one of theso bursting In tho framowork would ho moro than likely to tear tho struc ture to ploces and bring it crippling to tho deqk, observers, rnngo finders nnd nil. Tho mast was subjected to a thor ough test and omorged successfully. Tho first Bhot, n four-Inch projectllo, cut one of tho steel rods. Tho second cut several moro rods, but did not In juro Its stnblllty. A twolvolnch pro Joctilo llkowiso did vory llttlo dnmngo. When flvo Bhots hnd been fired at tho mast LionU Hlchnrd D. White nnd Lieut, Commander Georgo HradBhaw, assistant inspector of tho target prac tice, climbed to tho platform nt tho top of tho mast and chook It with all their strength, but still tho mnst stood Arm. Coolness and Nerve Required, If any post ovor requires coolnoss nnd iron norvo, ono would think that It would bo required by tho men who take station in ono of theso structures when an enemy has been slgbtod and when battlo Is soon to bo Joined. In his admirable essay on "Courage and Prudence," published by tho Naval In stitute, Capt. 1). A. Flsko says that "whatevqr method of observation from nloft bo employed, it is ovldent that, oven rupposlng tho shots to group as well ns at target practlco, tho work of tho observers aloft will be of tho most delicaio kind. It Is difficult to realize nny Job that could bo given to mortal tnnn, not excluding that of tho admiral- or captain, requiring such nbsnluto presence of mind, nnd such persistent concentration, ns that needed of every member of tho lire-control party. "Any member of a gun's crew, In fact anybody else In tho ship, can got some relief by physical exertion of some sort; or, If ho 'bo n gun pointer, can press his button and feel his gun fire. Hut every membor of tho pnrty aloft must do nothing but use bin brains, with n llttlo assistance from his eyes. Tho most perfect nelf-for-gotfulnoss will bo required of every one. No ono muBt bo diverted by any necidents happening to his own ship, qr by anything going on in tho pano rama before him; nnd such things ns shrnpnol anil high exploslvo shells bursting near by, and tho foremast going ovorbonrd, ho must utterly Ig nore." How New System Works. Capt. Fisko 13 widely known as tho Inventor of tho rango flndor which bears his nnmc. Tho present system Is ono by which a group of observers stationed nloft noto tho relation of the splash of tho shot to tho water lino of tho target and endeavor to correct any errors in sighting. Thoy wntch tho fall of tho shots through powerful glassos, and according to tho place where tho shot strikes n change In rango Is ordored to tho gunner's, until tho shots hit tho tnrgot. Usually tho third shot gives the right rango. Two Important differences between target practlco and bnttio are noted by Capt. Flsko: Ono la tltnt tho sea at targot practlco la always smooth; tiio other that the target docs not hit uncle. "It may bo pointed out in ob jection," ho Bays, "that target practlco must bo held In smooth water, because competition among tho gun pointers Is essential to success, and competi tion can bo had only when tho condi tions aro identically tho samo for nil, which is only when tho wntor is smooth. It may bo objected also that It would bo Imprnctlcnblo at targot practice to havo n target that would lilt hack in tho way tho enemy would In action." Should See Effect of Fire, This nuthorlty maintains, however, that It should bo easier to got on to FSGJfrsjrG tops c.s?r 'VOS tho target in battlo thnn nt target prac tice, because ot target practlco a Hholl striking tho canvas of a targot say 0,000 yards away cannot as a rulo bo seen; while n shell exploding against tho sido of a ship gives out a brilliant ilnnie. "Sholls thnt do not oxplodo cannot usually bo seen; but It mny bo nug gostod hero thnt, In tho enso of nrmor piercing shell, it might not bo dlfllcult to fit n sort of dummy fuBo In tho noso of tho Bhell which would oxplodo upon Impact and givo out flnmo. Such n contrivance, If found practicable, would assist vory much In Are con trol; because, after nil, wo are vory much more Interested in the shots thnt hit thnn in tho shots that miss. Fur thermore, nmong tho shots that miss, tho only onos of which wo can tako account nro tho shots that go short; nnd tho amount by which thoy go short Is very dlillcult to estlmalo, whoreas tho shotB that hit nro abso lutely located. Furthermore, if wo count tho shots that hit, this does not prevent us from counting tho shots that go short; which gives us, by an easy method, tho number of shots that go ovor. Tho adoption of n dovico, therefore, showing us positively when a shot hits, would bo n moans of got ting nil tho data needed for correcting tho rango flndors nnd gotting tho Bight bar rangoB." AsBertlng thnt thero la no porfect range flndor, this oillcor nnka what would thoro bo impractlcahlo, In the oarly stagos of tho battlo, in having an observe!, ns high nloft ns possible, handling no mechnnlstn except a pair of binoculars nnd a tolophono. in tele phoning down to tho cntnmunicntlon room information ns to tho effoct of onch- shot, until all tho gun pointers in tho turrets had gotton on to tho tnrgot nnd hnd net thflr rango finders at tho con-ort sluht-bnr rango? After that he could come down probably. Experiments with Crinoline Nolo. Tho experiments to determine tho possible usefulness of crinoline notn agalnBt torpedo-boat nttneks havo not yet been undertaken, it Is difficult to so how these can full to harm tho un derwater section of the monitor, but assurance Is given that thoy will bo conducted In such a way as not to In jure the hull. Tho tost which involved tho turret and its mochanlsm in flicted no groat Injury, owing to tho reduced charges which were usod in tho 121nch guns of tho monitor which did the ilrlng. In fact, couiplnlns. ono critic: "What Is called In somo qilnr tors tho 'shooting up' of tho monitor Florida appears to havo been a ginger ly graduated experiment to prove that hor turret armament wns sholl-proof and her system of fire control Invul nerable." This was vastly different from thn ordeal to which the British Horo was subjected. Ono wltnoss of tho experi ment says: "Tho first six shots wcro all misses, nnd although sparks began to fly from tho Horo as soon as tho rango wns fouud, tho shooting was by no means up to tho level of bnttio practlco, notwithstanding thnt tho weather conditions woro absolutely porfect a calm, clear day, with tho sun behind tho firing ships. Vory soon tho Hero wnu in tho middle of n denso cloud of smoke, through which, now nnd ngnln, flashed groat tongues of lire, as shell after shell struck tho helpless old warrior. It was soon ovor,, however, and savo Tor a slight list to port' thero wns nothing to show, nt n distance, tho ordeal through which sho had paused. Tho funnel nnd mast both stood, and vory llttlo smoko Is sued from tho latorlor, but a closer In spection rdvenlod tho full extent of tho dnmngo. Tho uppor deck had been blown up by tbo explosion of n heavy shell underneath It, after tho conning tower hnd boon penetrated, nnd ono of tho lay figures hnd daylight through his chest. Altogether 2S hits hnd been scored out of 130 rounds." Tho United Service Ouzotto In Its comment said thnt "horo was n ship fitted with ilrocontrol apparatus whose inaintennnco Is absolutely es sential during bnttio, nnd horo woro Hhlpsi which hit tliolr target onco in every four rounds; and tho wholo flro control ByBtom had boon reduced to Impotence In two minutes." Our own oxperlmontors, howovor, seom satisfied with tho Florida test, and officially announco that It wns "satisfactory." N. Y. TImos. DIDN'T LOOK LIKE 8HOE HORN. But What Does Mere Man Know About Mysteries of Feminine Toilet. Hugh Jennings and his Detroit Tigers were ontcrtalncd nt a dinner In Now York Inst month, nnd in tho courso of lila address of acknowledg ment Mr. Jennings Bald: "Our onomy's mortification brings back Cornoll to mo. Tho Cornell tonm plnyed at tho seashore ono June, and after tho gamo wo took a bath. "Thero was a lady In n nearby bath house, and nho had a llttlo dog with hor. After a hit tho dog camo running out of her bathhouse with u bunch of curly golden hair In its mouth, It toro up nnd down tho long nisla worrying that glittering bunch of curls, Blinking it nnd growling nt it na If It hud been a cat. A funny sight to neo. "Thero was, naturally, a good deal of laughter. Then tho lndy wwa heard calling tho attendant In n distressed voice. " 'Oh,' sho cnlled, 'would you ploaso fetch my llttlo dog back to mo? Ho has run olf with Homethlng of mine, and I can't got my shoos on without It.' "Tho attendant was ono of those fresh chnpB. Ho yelled back at tho ludy vory loud: " 'Yoa'm, yor llttlo dog's out horo, all right, huvlri' n spreo with sonicthln' or other; but from tho look of it I wouldn't say It wu a shoo horn.' " Historical Find at Yale. Aftor lying hlddon In a small closet at tho Yalo Divinity school for years, un interesting lot of manuscript ser mons of Presidents DuKuott and Clann of Ynlo, delivered between 1741 and 1700, havo been brought to light. While tho small clo3ot which la part of tho bookroom nt tho school wa3 bo ing donned out recently, a cardboard box was dlscovornd, and In It a num ber of old books, papers, and packages woro found. Tho sermons havo grown brown with ago, und tho Ink has faded, but thoy are oasllv doelnhornblo. Tho aormons, with tho books nnd othor papers, will bo pluccd In the unlvorsl ty library. jmn Vint MxttttauML ijm imt; auijj rLniuw'i m imwjuhwm t mm i w a THE WRONG STREET 1 By ANSELM rUvrlRtt. bv H'mrtmory Tub. Co,) Hrondhurst hnd mot tho young wo man but onco, and then by the merest chnnce. Ho had dono her some llttlo service nnd beon rownrdod with n smile nnd gracious thanks. With thnt he hnd dismissed tho matter from his mind. A friend hnd happened on the scone In tlmo to present him; tho young woman hnd said It was a pity that ho should havo been put to so much trouble on her nccoount, nnd ho had recited a foolish spocoh ho hnd rend It in n French novel to tho ef fect that nny man should consider it nn honor to bo hor slavo. Ho had certainly not goun out of his way to mot hor, nor tried to extend tho acquaintance beyond tho first meeting. And ns for his foolish speech, it was preposterous to torture It Into nn offer of mnrrlnge. Hut there was her lottor, and thero wnu no mlB taking Ita meaning. "A mistake of tho poBtman, of courso," ho thought nt flrst, but tbo address on tho envolopo, "Mr. Hlchnrd Hrondhurst, CI Georgo street," settled that point against him. Tho loiter mndo it clear, provoklngly elenr, thnt Miss Virginia Hamilton looked upon him ns n suitor, und thnt sho was graciously yielding to his en treaties. "Why ono would think from this," ho said, "that I had thrown myself nt her foot and begged her to bo my wlfo, whon, confound hor, I wouldn't hut whnt's tho uso of storming around nbout it? I must got thin mnttor Btrnlghtcnod out," For Hlchnrd Hrondhurst wns tho Inst man on earth who was thinking of marriage. Hut, after all, why not? Tho bold ness of tho thought both startled and nmtiBod him. It camo back. Why not? Ho could not answer tho quostlon, nl- though ho called up nil his old-time prejudices nnd nil tho arguments which to him had seonipcd to provo conclusively that ho should novor marry. Ho romomborod that MIbs Vlrglnln was not bad to look upon, that she gavo evidences ot refinement, nnd that her mannor wns plcaBlng. Truo, ho hnd noticed n certain haughtiness In hor bearing, but thnt, ho thought, would bo for tbo world and not for tho man sho loved. Ilia old Ideas nbout nmrrlago might bo nil right so fur nn tho rest of tho women In tho world wns concerned, but Miss Vlrglnln well, thnt was another mnttor. A wlfo, nftor nil If Miss Virginia woro tho wlfo might not bo tho worst thing In tho world. Aftor nccoptlng hlfl offer of nmrrlago which ho had not mndo MIbb Vir ginia hnd wrltton that Bho would ro main with her aunt In Now York till n week boforo tho wedding, tho dato of which, ho loarnod from hor lottor, wns three months honed, 'I suppoBo," Bho had written, "thnt you will cnll upon your old friend Mr. Gay to act na groonismnn. "Mr. Gay was tho friend who had Introduced thorn. "Kvldontly," Hrondhurst Inughod, "thoro Isn't much for tho modorn groom to do but to nppenr nt tho right tlmo und put his neck Into tho yoko. Tho hrldo-to-bo picks out tho groom, hints nt whom sho would llko to bo 'best tnnn,' names tho placo und dnto of tho wedding, nnd lookB nftor things gcnorully, Hut for tho fact that thoro couldn't vory well bo a wedding with out n groom, I supposo thoy would eliminate him. Hut I'll lot M Ins Vir ginia munago this llttlo nffnlr." Then he notified his friend Guy that, being inoxporlencod In such mattcrB, ho was going to put himself Into Guy's hands, and askod him to look nftor such llttlo details as bin brlde-to-bo had not thought to nrruugo. Ho wiib lu n fever of excitement till Gay's nnswor camo, but It roaBBiired lilm. It wna an follows; "Old hand nt tho business, nnd will sou you through It. Congratulate you on tho bride you nro to got. Now, old man, keep cool nnd don't got oxcltod. Above all, don't do foolish things. Just buy your wedding clothes, bo suro to got hero on tlmo, nnd don't worry nbout nnythlng oIbo. I will attend to all llttlo details." "Really, ho'H nn nccomniodatlng fel low," IlroadhuiBt thought, "but I should llko to havo something to Buy In this mnttor. Tho groom hcoiiih to ho almost us unimportant a factor in n wedding us nn unproforred creditor whero tho nsaots nro ton conts on tho dollar." Thon followed three months of oo. Ktnsy, Intermixed nt times, It Is truo, with tho fear that something might dash the cup of nowly-found bliss from his Hps. Tho weeks pasncil without Hroad hurst hearing again from Gay or from Miss Virginia. A week before tho date of tho wedding, lie thought thnt pur haps ho ought to go ovor and sou them, hit feared to intrude Thoy woro busy, no doubt, with tho urraiigninents, and would not care to ho hoi bored by one who wns to piny the minor part of groom. Bo, Impatlont though ho was, ho concluded to await ills cue boforo .appearing nn tho Rcene. Then, thoro woro his own nrrnngemonts to look nftor. For tho Hftloth tlmo iio received J tho Bolomn ussurnnco of his tailor that, hla wedding olotheH woro porfect. Finally, his wedding day arrived, and ho wns at tho railroad Htatlor. two hours boforo tho tlmo for the train to m CHOMEL leave. Onco on tho train, ho took a sent, but soon left It, to And tho con-' ductor nnd ask him when ho would roach his destination. Truo, ho had, beon consulting tho tlmo-tnblo for days, but now feared that ho might have made n mistake In reading It; nnd then It might h& necessary to send n message asking them to dohiy tho corcmony until ho could nrrtvo. Hlsi fears on this point (piloted, ho again, took his seat, but It occurred to htm that tho locomotive might bo In n hnd way and cause tho train to loso time. Hut tho conductor snld tho locomotive wns never In bettor condition. Hnlf wny between his homo and that, of Miss Virginia tho train slopped. Ho rushed out of tho coaclv with a hun dred questions on his tonguo. "tyhnt He Rushed Out of the Coach with a Hundred Questions. . hnd caused tho delay? Would it ho ii long ono? Whb thero a telogrnph1 ofllco nonr? His worst fenrs wero realized. Some thing had gono wrong with a freight, train, nnd tho wny wns blocked. It was 1 Bovoral miles to tho nearest telogrnph olllce. '1 Tho wedding wns sot for eight' o'clock thnt evening, and It waB ton minutes past nine whon .Hrondhurst loaped from n enh In front of Miss Vlrglnlu's homo, turned to pny tho driver of tho foaming horsoB nnd rnn up tho HtepB of tho liouso. Ills ring wns nnuwerod Immediately, nnd ho ut most rushed into tho arms of his friend Gay. Ho thought his frlond seemed somewhat surprised ut his ar rival. "I hope I nm not so vory lato?" ho gasped. "Tho coremony Is ovor," Gay said, "but you aro In tlmo to aftor your con gratulatloiiB, Como this wny." Tho bride camo forward and gavo hor hand. Hrondhurst thought sho might recolvo her future luiBbnnd with a llttlo more cordiality than her man nor Indicated. To rollovo tho ombar rnssmout of the sltunttou, ho vontucud to extend his congratulations, nnd was 4 glad to porcelvo that It must have boon tho proper thing to do, siuco tho bride rocolvod tlicm moat grncioiiBly. Then, with tho remark, "I want you to moot my husband," bIio led him townrdB tho gentleman who hnd boon with hor when he entered tho room. Aftor ho hud beon presoiitod, hlsi frlond Guy remarked to Virginia's Iuib bund: "You hnvo my frlond horo whoso nnmo, by tho wny, 1b tho samo as your own, Richard Hrondhurst to thank for rescuing your hrldo, somo time ago, when n tonm of horBos threatened to run her down." ' Hrondhurst did not cntch tho othor'n reply; ho wns dazed. Gny laid his hand upon HrondhurBt'a Bhouhlor, cay lug In alarm: "Dick, you'ro ill." "Nothing sorlous," he replied; "It will Boon pass away. If you will ox cuso mo, 1 will Btop outsldo," "Funny tiling," said Gay, speaking to Hrondhurnt n fow dnya lutor. "Hroad liuiBt lhat'H tho other follow, not you," with n laugh "had beon trying to win Miss Hamilton') henrt for a y"oar boforo she conaonte 1 to mnrry him. Well, JiiBt about tin tlmo you met hor, Bho concluded t: nccopt him, nnd aftor alio got to Now York wrote to him to that, offect. II did not get thn lottor, nnd ronowod liis pleadings. Again she accepted bin. Hrondhurst wlrod to mo, making to bo 'best man,' ami I promptly accepted. In a fow days, I was surprise. to got n loi ter from him with the sr.:.;o rcquoat. I condudod tho dear fellow, In hla Joy, wnu loHlng.hls mind. "Now .tho Htrango part of it la that Hrondhurst protests that ho did not recolvo MIkb Hamilton's first lettor, and that po communicated but onco with me; whorons his wlfo Is positive that sho accepted him twlco, and I coulu swear that I promised as ofton to act us 'best man.' " "Whut was your friend's address?" Hroadlmrst naked. "No. CI Georgia street." Hroadhurat said nothing, but modi tntod upon how easy it would bo to make u mlatako and wrlto "Georgo" In stead of "Georgia." i