Tho bicycle "loop" presents a moat
Interesting demonstration of a great
jrrtcntlflc principle, which plays Its
itmrt In preventing tho earth from
fropplng Into the sun, and tho moon
Jrom being precipitated upon tho
arth, no less than In keeping tho
ider and his wheel from falling to
tho ground when he hangs, head
downward, in midair, at tho top of
tic loop.
Centrifugal force Is tho agent con
cerned In this seemingly miraculous
fcHt, a force that has many appliances
ir everyday life, somo of which like
;o swinging of a bucketful of water
around tho head without spilling
astonish the uninitiated, whllo others
are so familiar that nobody stops to
think of them. But when applied In
the caso now undor consideration,
centrifugal forco presents Itself in a
most sensational form.
Yet, thrilling though It Is to watch
tho bold rider defying gravitation,
like a fly on the celling, without any
thing except his motion to hold him
In place, tho natural law that he
obeys is extremely slmplo aud per
fectly certain in Us operation. If he
observes all tho requirements of that
law it will never fall him, so that
his safety depends entirely, upon hlm
t;lf. Ho must develop a centrifugal forco
treat enough to counterbalance his
'.velght when ho Is at tho top of the
circle. Mathematics, knowing the
ilzo of the loop, Is able to tell him
2?w to develop tho force needed. Tho
Sirco depends upon tho velocity with
which ho moves. Ho acquires that
riloclty, not by pedaling, but by rid
ing down a oteep slope. How high
must tho starting point bo? A gen
eral rule, applying to all such cases,
is that tho elevation of the nolnt from
vhlch ho starts must bo to the olova-
Con of tho top of the loop in a ratio
exceeding that of five to four.
The air resistance and tho friction
oust all bo carefully allowed for,
tnd this Is the business of tho engin
eer who plans tho apparatus. Accord
ingly, if tho loop is twenty feet high,
tho starting platform must bo more
than twenty-five feet In height, and
tho acquired velocity must exceod
that named above. Of course, the loop
aay bo loss than twenty feet in holght
ind then all tho other dimensions
irlll bo proportionately reduced.
It is probable that, In tho actual
caso considered, tho velocity with
which tho rider arrives at tho bottom
of tho slopo and begins tho ascent of
tho circular loop Is at least thirty
miles an rour. This velocity Immedi
ately and rapidly falls off as he com
mences the ascent of tho steepening
curve, so that when he reaches tho
top ho is moving only fast enough to
tmpart a centrifugal force exceeding
his weight (or the effect of gravita
tion) by a margin suftlclently large to
Jnsuro his. safety.
As the bicycle strikes the curve of
ihe loop and begins to ascend, the
wheels nro pressed against tho track
with tremendous ftfrco and the rider
Is pitching forward with nn energy
vlilch only practice and trained mus
cles can enable him to withstand. It
Jo as If the weight of half a dozen men
had suddenly been thrown upon him
and his machine. If we estlmato tho
actual weight of bicycle and rider at
00 pounds, then it can be shown that
their combined weight, or rather their
pressure upon the track, owing to cen
trifugal forco, becomes, as they begin
the ascent of tho loop, more than n
thousand pounds; And this, too, at
the minimum speed theoretically re
Quired to carry them around. In prac
tice this pressure may bo considerably
yreator.
Here, then, would seem to ho a point
of special danger. Tho rider must bo
prepared for this Instantaneous In
crease of virtual weight. He has to
keep Ills nerves steady and his head
THOUGHT HE HAD A GOOD EXOUSE
Eonutor Thurman' Iteiuon far Return
Ins Ills UlDounloil Habit.
Tho late Senator Allen Q. Thurman
of Ohio was by no means an abstemi
ous man. Like a sailor ho enjoyed his
grog, and though he was regular In hla
, potations he seldom passed tho lino
of perfect sobriety. Once upon a tlmo
his wife, leaving for a visit to frlend3
exacted from the Judge n promise that
ho would bo a "teetotaler" during her
absence. On the day of Mrs. Thur
wnn's return the Judge stopped in the
TEACHER A 'SciNTiriG hM
ii in mmw
INTEQEdTirfCr
DEnorfQjTjSJtTinrf of
"ceittgifugjll sogejr
clear, and must retain control over his
muscles In order to hold his balance
and guide his wheel. But this Is only
a beginning.
As ho rises, in a moment he Is going
straight upward, and tho prcssuro
swiftly diminishes. When ho whirls
across tho overhead portion of tho
track and reaches tho center of tho top
of tho curvo his head Is down, his foot
nro up and his bicycle is on top of
him. They nro sustained only by cen
trifugal forco. Gravitation Is pulling
them straight downward with a forco
of 200 pounds. If tho centrifugal forco
but slightly exceeds gravitation at this
point, the rider, If ho has tlmo to an
alyze his sensations, must feel almost
ns If he wero floating like a feather,
deprived of nearly all weight.
This Is tho critical point. If tho cal
culations have been correct, there will
bo enough velocity remaining when
the top 1b reached to counterbalance
gravitation, and, even If tho excess la
slight, tho rider and his wheel will
pass on and, onco over tho center, thoy
are henceforth securo against a fall.
They will remain on the track during
tho downward Jonrnoy. Theoretically,
with a loop 20 feet In diameter, and
neglecting reslstnnco, they must reach
tho top with a velocity of nearly six
feet a second. In practice tho velocity
would have to bo considerably greater.
But consider the effects upon mind
and body of tho rapid changes .of ap
parent weight that the rider undergoea.
At the bottom of tho loop his apparent
weight was Instantaneously increased
to a prodigious amount, almost crush
ing him down upon tho handle bar.
This lasts but a moment, and then,
again almost Instantaneously, his
weight drops upon him, and at tho top
of tho loop ho seems to weigh com
paratively little, but only to bo a sec
ond later again bent over the handlo
bars by tho pushing pressuro, as tho
wheel, having gained momentum,
swings upon tho slopo leading to tho
stopping place.
It Is apparent, from what has been
said, that the principal peril involved
is personal In Its origin. The rider
must not allow his head to swim, or
his muscles to relax their control over
the wheel. Glvon perfect self-com
mand, tho danger Is reduced to a min
imum, The same forco that carries the rider
around his twenty-foot clrclo would
carry him, through empty spaco, com
pletely around tho earth, If he could
start, from u mountain top with. a ve
locity of five miles, Instead of a few
yards, per second. Tho needed velocity
varies with the radius of the clrclo
traversed. Prof. Garrett P. Sorvlss In
Hearst's Chicago American.
ENCOURAGEMENTS TO MATRIMONY
Coies Where Slight lrnrocatlon Cuuieil
an Epidemic.
It would seem that at times matri
mony only needs to bo inwuraged to
become epidemic. Tho mayor of n
town In Southern France, not satisfied
with the munner In which his young
people wero shying at iuarrlugo, of
fered o reward of 100 francs to every
couple undor tho ago of 2i who wero
Joined In wedlock during his term of
office. It cost tho good mayor many
hundreds of dollars, but tho scheme
dining-room beforo going to wolcomo
her to take a drop of that from which
ho had abstained during her absence.
Whllo In the act of pouring whisky In
to his glass ho heard Mrs. Thurman
pattering down tho stairs. Quickly
putting his left hand. In which he held
tho glass, behind him, wlrh his right
hand extended ho said: "I'm glad to
seo you home, my dear
"Allen, what have you behind you?"
she aBked. 1
"Whisky, my dear."
"Oh, Allen, don't you remember laat
worked, nnd young unmarried pcoplo
became scarce in tho community.
When tho marriages In n certain
Alsatian town foil below tho avorago
tho authorities hit upon a curious In
ducement for tardy, couples to seek
the matrimonial altar. They publicly
announced that all peoplo who married
within a certain time would bo exempt
from local taxation for a period of
five years. A marrlago fever swept
through tho town nt onco.
A well-known Austrian nobleman
wns anxious to encourage matrimony
among tho peasants on his estate. Ho
undertook to provido every bride
groom with tobacco for life and every
brldo with a pair of gloven onco a year
as long as she lived. This genorous
offer acted like a charm, and soon
thero was scarcely an unmarried man
on tho estate. Nearly every eligible
male was In the enjoyment of domes
tic bliss.
ANSWERS BY PREOOOIOUS PUPILS
Some Humorous Itepllei to a Number
of Simple Question.
Ono of the greatest things that Col
umbus discovered was that ho had
not tho faintest Idea that he had dis
covered America
Washington said to tho soldiers at
Valley Forgo that they that arc whole
need not a physician
Tho ChcsapeaUo attacked tho Slinn
non and drove her up tho Shenandoah
Valley, then, the Shannon ntacked the
Chcspcako and tho war ended In a
battle.
At tho battlo of Now Orleans three
of tho British officers wero killed, ono
of them mortally.
Tho Romans left tho Britons low
spirited and crest-fallen.
Tho Parthonon was used as a pow
der magazine during tho Trojan war,
Tho outlino of Greeco Is very rug
ged, surrounding all tho country or
nearly all
Tho Persians hurried across tho Hel
lespont, burning It behind them.
A great many of our authors wero
born there. Howthomo, Thoreau, and
tho battlo of Concord.
Dickens married, but not success
fully
Tho chief elements of English aro
Anglo and Saxon
The three great literary works of
tho Hebrews wero tho Translation of
tho Old Testament Into tho Now and
several grent histories, these they
wroto on paprus paper made from that
weed.
Cognate born together. Example:
CatB aro cognate. Cats cognate to
gether. Append hang to. Example: Ulys
ses uppended to the raft.
Sho returned his affection ns much
ns she thought prudent, considering
tho hasty temper of her brother.
The president of tho Boclety wns
magnanimously electod.
God tempers the wind to tho short
horned lamb. Christian Endeavor
World.
Wealthy Women I'oor l'nyers.
A woman examined In a Now York
bankruptcy court last week said she
had failed In her livery business bo
cause, whllo In u fashionable (or, as
she eald "swell") neighborhood, her
patrons didn't pay her. Sho said sho
lost $75,000.
year, when you wero stumping the
statu, yiu did not tasto a drop, and
you wero nover so well In your life?"
"Yes, my dear, I romember, but we
lost tho stnto."
Honor for Amerlcnu ficlentlat.
Dr. Wllllnm Zeblna Ripley of Now
York has been awprded tho valuable
Prix Bertlllon by tho Socleto d'An.
thropologle, France, for his monogram
on "The Races of Europe."
The wells of, ealvaton are not filled
with tears.
the WEEKLY
jg PANORAMA
CAPT. WYNNE HAS GALLANT RECORD
Urate United SUtei bailor Who I In
Trouble la Italy.
Capt. Robert V. Wynne of tho
Unltod States marlnd corps, whom tho
Italian authorities at Venlco havo
punished moro severely than tho other
officers of tho cruiser Chicago for a
fracas In a cafo, Is a native of Wash
ington, and tho sou of Robert J.
Wynno, tho well-known Washington
correspondent Tho captain, who has
been sentenced to four months and
tun days In a Venetian prison, Is n
graduato of tho Georgetown college
law department with tho class of 1897.
He Is 26 years old. Ho served with
the allied forces nt Tslntsln two years
ago and assisted in tho assault on tho
walls July 13, In which action young
Lieut. Butler of Pennsylvania was so
rcverely wounded. Wynno began his
career In tho navy during tho war
with Spain. Previously to that ho had
served flvo years as a member of tho
national guard of tho District ot Co
lumbia. He served in tho operations
at Guantanamo, Cuba, with distinc
tion, nnd nt tho end of tho war pass
ed a splendid examination for a com
mission In tho regular service Ho
then went to tho Philippines, fought
lc tho battlo ot Novcllctta and In alj
Capt. Wynne.
tho Bklrmtshca around Manila In
which tho marines took a part. His
reputation is that of a bravo, capablo
and courteous officer.
Not Worth the Money.
Justlco William L. Putnam ot tho
United States circuit court of appeals
In Portland, Oro., recently fell "into
conversation with n young man ot tho
nouveaux riches who expressed nston
ishmcnt that tho Judgo could got
along on his salary of SG.000 a year,
"Why" said tho purse-proud youth, "it
easily costs mo twlco that amount to
llvo a year." Tho Judgo answered
gravely: "It Isn't worth It, Georgo;
It Isn't worth It."
SON-IN-LAW OF FAMOUS PREACHER
Death of IWv. Samuel Scovllle Onco Fire
Chief of Nonrloti, N. Y.
Of tho church wherein Rev. Henry
Ward Bccchor acquired farao Ply
mouth, of Brooklyn hlB son-in-law,
Rev. Samuel Scovlllo, wa3 aBslBtant
pastor when death camo to him tho
otlicr day. In somo ways Rev. Mr.
Scovlllo resembled his distinguished
father-ln-Iaw. Ho was moro than a
formal minister of tho gospel and
wherover his career was cast every
phase of life social, moral, educa
tional, literary and professional felt
his Influence. For eighteen years ho
was pastor ot the Congregational
church in Norwich, Conn., and ho
mado himself beloved by every resi
dent ot tho county, for his influonco
radiated through it. Whllo In Nor
wich be took a deep Interest in nro
department matters, and served for a
tlmo as chief.
Rev. Mr. Scovlllo was born In Wo3t
Cornwall, Conn., In 1834, and was a
Yalo graduate. Ho studied for the
ministry at tho Theological Seminary
nt Andover, MnsB., and at Union
Theological Somnary, from which ho
Iter. Samuel Kcovllle.
Graduated In 18C1. Tho samo year ho
was married to Harriet E. Ueechcr
by tho distinguished father of tho
bride. Ills first chargo was at Nor
wich Governor DuyU In Trouble,
Gov. Jeff C. Davis of Arkansas ham
been summoned to answer to grave
charges of heresy by tho Baptist
general convention of tho stntc. The
governor has hitherto been regarded
as an exemplary member of tho
church. Ills friends dcclnro ho has
the politeness ot Henry Clay, tho
finesse of Abraham Lincoln and ' tho
forco ot Daniel Webster.
i (J)
I
Persons, Places
and Things
LIFEWORK OF REMARKABLE WOMAN
Acttvo In Mnny Walkn of t.tfe anil at
the Ilca.l of n llljr Itu Ineit.
Mrs, C. E. Mcrrltt, ot Norwich, N.
Y., mny well bo classed among tho
women whoso varied attainments
place them on a level far abovo the
Mn, C. IE. Merrltr.
ordinary. Sho la tho largest proper
ty owner in tho village, and conse
quently tho heaviest taxpayer. Sho U
tho president of tho Indlos' Vlllago
Improvement society, which has dono
much to beautify nnd benefit Norwich
by building a chapel, erecting a foun
tain, Improving tho parks and by
work of n similar nature. Sho is also
tho proprietor of two woll-conductcd
and paying newspapers.
But It is ns president of tho exten
sive David Mnydolo Hammer company
that Mrs. Mcrrltt attracts most atten
tion. Tho works wero founded by hor
fnthcr nnd hor lato husband succeed
cd to tho presidency ot tho concorn.
For many yenrs sho was vlco presi
dent, but has recently beenmo hcrBolt
tho directing head, n position for
which her unusual business capacity
well fits her.
ARCHBISHOP CORRIGAN'3 ILLNESS.
Noted llotnan Cuthnllo l'rrlute Buffering
with l'neumonla.
Archbishop Mlchaol Augustlno Cor
rlgnn, who?" IUiicbb Is cnualng con
siderable anxiety In Roman Catholic
circles, has been head of tho rich tfeo
of Now Ycrk slnco 1885 and has vuled
his dloccso with a dignity and powor
which havo won him tho admiration
nnd respect ot all New York. Tho
archbishop has numerous frlend'j
among tho Protestant pcoplo ot the
city, aud thcso nro anxious for tho
outcome of his present nttack of pnou
monla ns oro tho members ot uta own
ArchhMhop'Cnrrlcnn.
faith. For twenty-two ycarB tho learn
r,d prelnto has practically udmlnfs
tcied tho affairs of tho dloccso Ho
hap been a bishop ot tho Roman heir
urchv elnco 1873.
I'realrteut 1'olk't Itrllcs.
Tho Chicago Historical Society Is
now tho owner of tho diary nnd cor
respondenco, stato nnd personal, of
James K. Polk, which haB been pur
chased ot the heirs In Nashvlllo for
$is,uuu. mo corrcsponuenco covers a
period ot twenty years ono ot tho
most important and trying periods in
American history. It Is In Polk's own
handwriting. Thero aro letters from
Andrew Jackson and replies from Polk
negotiations on tho Oregon boundary,
the annexation of Texas, communlca
tlons with tho British parliament over
whnt then were vexing questions, nnd
a complete history ot diplomacy at that
tlmo.
The I'rrililent'fi Way, ,
Georgo B, Cox, tho Republican boss
ot Cincinnati, was in Washington n
few days ago and wns taken to tho
whlto house to bo presented to tho
president. Congressman Shnttuc had
him in tow and Bald, when, thoy wero
In Roosevelt's presence: "Mr. Prcsl
dent, I wish to Introduco Georgo U
Cox, n Cincinnati Republican of whom
you havo heard of courBo." Mr. Rooso
volt looked hard nt tho two men tor a
moment and then said, rapidly: "Ah
how-de-do, Mr. Cox, delighted, I'm
sure, good day," and nlmost beforo IiIb
visitors knew what hnd happened thoy
wero outBulc.
Tho Author nt Home.
"No," Bald tho author's wife. "It's
hard to understand thcso men of
genius. There's my husband, for In
Btance."
"Why anything wrong with him
this morning?"
"I should Bay bo! Do you know.
merely asked him to tnko down tho
stovepipe, and take up tho parlor :nr
pet and hang tho new curtains on tho
bay window and stain tho dining-room
floor nnd move the piano to tho cast
corner nnd ho Hew Into a ragn and
acted as if he had lost all tho mind ho
thinks hit'a nptt"
S3
BEFORE S
PVBLIC EYE
1
SAVAGERY IN THE PHILIPPINES
How n Moro Kills nn.l Dle tor W
IlrHclon llellef.
Thero Is a anodes of individual
among tho Moros of tho Sulu Islands
called Jurnmentndo (sworn) that can
discount nn Apache. Thcso Moros bo-
llevo that ono who kills a Christian
Increases hln chance of a good tlmo In
tho world to como. Tho moro Christ
iana ho has killed, tho brighter hlB
prospect for tho future; nnd If ono is
fcirtunnle runnell to bo himself KIllCll
whllo killing Christians, ho is at onco
transported to tho sovonth ncavon.
From tlmo to tlmo ono of thom wea
ries of UiIb llfq, and bolng dcslroUB ot
taking tho shortest nnd surest road
to glory, ho bathes In a sacred spring,
almvcs off his eyebrows, dresses in
white, and presents hlmBolf beforo a
pandlta to take a solemn oath (Jura-
mcntnrl thnt hn will din killing tho
enemies of tho fnlthful. Hiding a krls
or bnrnne about hla ncrson. or In
romcthlng that ho carries, ho seeks
tho nearest Christian town, ana, lr no
can gain admission, snatches his
wenpon from Its concealment, nnd
runs nmuck, slaying every living be
ing in his path, until ho is finally doa
imtclipil himself. So long ns tho
breath of life remains In him ho flghta
on. Ofton when being bayonotod ho
will selzo tho barrel of n rule and pusu
Moro Chieftain.
tho bayonet farther Into himself, in
order to bring tho soldier at tho other
end of tho pleco within striking dis
tance, and cut him down, tho num
ber of Uvea takon by somo ot thcso
mad fanatics is BomotlmcB almost in
credible. Ho la eventually killed hlm-
pclf, and lib relatives havo a celebra
tion when tho news ot his uontn
reneliPH thnm. Thov always Insist that
JiiKt as night Ib coming on thoy seo
him riding by on n whlto horse, oounu
for tho nbodo of tho blessed.
Bob.orlptlon I'ald to March 9003.
Tho Huntavlllo (Mo.) Herald, whoao
plant was burned tho othor day, sayBt
"And old BUbBcrlbcr to tho Herald, and
a dear frlond of ours who Is all wool
and a vard wldo. has handed us ?100
on subscription to tho llorald, saying:
Tako It; I glvo It freely, it will as
sist you In paying for your new plnnt.'
Well, it filled our heart so full of Joy
that It wao several minutes, It seemed,
beforo wo could say, 'Thank you tws
4100 navH our irood friend's subscrip
tion to March 14, 2002. Wo do not ex
pect to lvo that long, of courso,
neither doca our friend, but tho Her
ald may."
Busnn II. Anthony Wrltlnc it History.
For many years Susan B. Anthony
hnB been collecting material, for and
planning an exhaustive history ot tho
woman suffrage movemont in thlB
country. Sho Is now nt hor homo In
Rochester, N. Y., writing tho history.
Sho has not appeared on tho public
platform for a year and seldom goes
out, wishing to reserve all her strongth
for tho conclusion of thlB work, ex
pecting to mako It a monument to tho
cnuso in whlqh Bho haa mado such a
long and valiant fight.
Mako ft Coitly llerornce, '
Congressman Bowersock of Kansas
urges pcoplo to adopt a milk diet, npw
that all kinds ot moat havo gono up
In price. "I pasturo three or four
Jersey cows on my place," ho Bays,
"and ono way and another I think
their milk costs mo about $2 a gallon,
but I also think it's worth tho money.
I went out to Senator Stewart's dairy
farm near Washington a fow days ago
and it surely is tho finest placo of tho
kind I over saw."
llraln Wnve rhotofrrapliy.
Telepathic photography la tho latest
fad of tho novelty-seeking ollto ot
Paris. By It photographs are taken of
thought, of brain waves, of tho absent
and of tho dead. Tho high priest jot
tho new photography 1b Dr. Baraduc.
In order to photograph tho nbsent or
dead It Is necessary for tho subjoct to
concentrate his thought very Intensely
upon tho Individual to bo photograph
ed. Tho greater tho Intensity, tho
clearer will bo tho photograph. Tho
Impression is conveyed to tho plat
not by materialistic means, but by
intense thought, and tho exteriorized
olato must, be htchlx Eonsltlvo.