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1 VUllW'lIL 1 U1C
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Lincoln, Nob., la filled with nooui
10,000 men and women In nroau
rlmmoil whlto hats and gray sunbon
neta, who novcr go to law, tako no
sharo In politics, and arc entirely op
posed to war. Thoy aro attending a
groat national conference They aro
tho dolegatca of tho church of tho
Dunkarda all over tho country, and
thoy ropresont ono of tho moat plctur
oaquo and rcmarknblo of religious
movements.
Thcao Dunkarda aro Inclined to llvo
togothor In communities, though thla
la leas pronounced than formerly. Thoy
nro cut oft from tho rest of tho world
not only by their peculiar drcBB, but
by many of tho religious beliefs ana
observances. Altogether they now
number moro than 100,000 members,
though thoro la not much, if any,
nrowth In their numbers of rccont
years. Tho young people who grow
up In tho denomination Boom to bo
moro and moro inclined to loavo It in
rccont years for somo faith which will
nlvo thom moro freedom of thought
and action.
Every congregation of the Dunknrdu
la entirely Independent of tho rest and
elects its own deacons, ministers and
bishops. None of tho clergy 1b paid a
regular salary, but If ho la poor tho
church morahora will contrlbuto to his
support. Whon thorw arc questions
which lnvolvo moro than ono congro
gatlon district and general confer
dices arc held, and tho Dunkards meet
by tho thousands in tho open air to
nottlo thom.
At ovory conferonco, as well as at
tho lovo-fcauts which aro hold in every
congregation
twlco a year,
t h j first
ceremony la
that of tho
washing of
feet All tho
mon of tho
congregation
Bit on ono
sldo of tho
mooting-
houso nnd
all tho wo
rn o n on
Dunkard Costumes. tho other
side. Thon as tho caudles aro lit, tho
members on tho front benches removo
tholr shoes nnd stockings. Men and wo
mon como in, carrying tubs of luko
warm water, and n man on tho man's
sldo and a woman on tho woman's sldo
thon wash tho foot, ono by ono, shak
ing tho right hand of each Individual
na tho washing la completed and giv
ing tho kins of pcaco.
In tho mootlng-houBca tho back of
ovcry third bonch Is so arranged that
It can bo turnod on a pivot and trans
formed Into n tablo, about which tho
faithful gather for tho sacrament of
tho Lord's auppor. Tho pow back Is
covered with n whlto cloth, upon which
are placod largo bowls of soup. Throo
or four pooplo help thomsolves from
each of thoso bowls. Aftor thla tho
communion Itself la admlnlstorcd, and
tho cervices concludo with tho singing
of hymna and preaching.
In case of sickness among tho mem
bers of tho church tho orthodox mom
bora cling to tho ancient coromonlos
of anointing tho patlont with oil and
praying ovov him. Word of each caso
of Illness la sent to tho elders of tho
church, anil at an appointed tlmo thoy
appear, pour oil upon tho head of tho
sick man, lay tholr hands upon his
head, and off or prayers in his bohalf.
Baptism Is administered In running
water and by throofold Immersion.
Tho Dunkarda originated in Gor
many, out of which country thoy woro
il r I v o u by
p o rsecutlon
o a r 1 y in
tho o 1 g h t
eonth con'
tury. Thoy
o n in o to
P o n n b y 1-
vunla on tho
Invitation of
W 1 Ilium
l'eiui, nnd in
that Btato
thoy thravo
and grow
foot Washing. n urn o r ous
Until recently ronnsylvanla hnB boon
tho head center of tho Dunkards, but
bo many of thom havo emigrated to
tho farm lamia of tho far west that
tho center 1ms now shifted.
It vras from ono of tho Pennsylvania
communities that sprang nn ovon moro
curious and lntoroatlng dovolopmont
that of tho monastic Town of Ephrota,
Po onco a manufacturing and com
mercial metropolis, now a moro vll
(ago.
Nearly 200 years ago Conrad Hols
boI, of Dunkard parontago, waa bap
tlzcd Into tho Gorman Baptist church,
Ho was a roan of great study and pious
real, and ho becamo convinced that tho
seventh, Instead of tho first, day of tho
week, should bo obsorvod as tho Sab
bath day. Ho wroto tracta In, support
ot this vlow and urged It bo strongly
that, to avoid troublo, he was finally
compollod to withdraw from member
ship In tho society, Ho rctlrod Into
what was thon a wilderness and mado
his homo In an old cave on tho bank
of a river, whero ho lived tho llfo of
a hormit. urauuauy soniu ui m
friends nnd others who wcro convinced
that ho had tho right way of thinking
gathered about his cavern, and in 1732
a communistic llfo wns entered upon
by thoso who followed him. Tho men
of tho soci
ety woro
long whlto
fl a n n ol
gowns nnu
cowls, with
a h 1 r t a,
trousers nnd
vesta of tho
samo mato-
rlal. Tho wo
men wcro at
tired In tho
samo way,
with tho
o x c o p t Ion
that a short
stltutcd for
woro no
on nor
Continuous Marrtagh.
Mr. Herbert B. Carlo of Now York
has tho singular fad of marrying his
own wife. Several gentlemen havo re
cently found thcmselveB In troublo
through their habit of marrying a va
riety of wives, and sovcral ladlca havo
suffered annoynnco from tho law by
reason of their superfluity of husbands,
but Mr. and Mrs. Carlo's custom of re
peatedly mnrrylng each other is a nov
elty. Probably they havo a sound psy
chological reason for tholr peculiarity.
Thoy havo probably heard tho aspira
tions of married couples for continu
ous honeymoons, nnd havo resolved to
I trfAwAiiMsii . ham, m mum
Kiss of Peaco.
pottlcoat was BUb
tho trousers. Thcro
vows of celibacy tak
requlrcd, though tho
Idea was taught by HoIsboI. Tho great
cstato of tho old community haB prac
tically passed out of tho hands of tho
few surviving members of tho society,
and tho last of tho brothers In whlto
gowns lias long alnco passed away.
Tho old clolotors, whero tho broth
ers and Bisters lived until a fow years
ago, nro now leased to a number of
families and aro fast crumbling Into
decay. Within their walla ono will bo
struck with tho strnngo fact that all
tho doors aro extremely small and of
tho samo size, measuring exactly flvo
foot In height and twonty Inches In
width. This, It Is explained by tho old
Dunkarda who still llvo about Ephrotn.
was Intended
to be a con
s t a n t ro
mlndcr to
tho faithful,
ns thoy
stooped and
twisted to
get through
tho doors,
that tho
way which
leadoth to
eternal llfo "Steep and Narrow."
Is narrow and steep.
Almost all of tho Dunkards aro on
gaged In farming. Thoy will suffor
u wrong rather than go to law about
It, and nro not accustomed to tako any
pnrt In politics, though moro and moro
of tho young men of tho church aro
to bo found among thoso who voto
regularly and tako an Intelligent In
terest In matters of public policy. Tho
old-fashioned Dunkards prldo them
selves on tho peculiarities which sop
nrato thom from other pcoplo, and aro
accustomed to refer to tho members
of tholr church as "Cod's peculiar peo
ple." nut It la tho disinclination ot
the young pcoplo ot tholr church to
cut themselves oft from others ot tholr
own ngo that has proved to bo tho
greatest woaknosB of tho church. It
la said to bo barely holding Its own at
tho present tlmo.
RICHARD E. CARLE,
realize tho apparently Impossible. If
thoy marry often enough thero la no
reason why they should not havo a
honoynoon ovory month.
Sim
The Contest in South Carolina,
Tho resignation by Senators Tillman
and McLnurln gives a dramatic interest
and intensity to tho political contest In
South Carolina. Tho resignation in
each caso la to tako effect in tho middle-
of tho approaching September, long
beforo Congress meets. Tho scat of
only ono Senator, McLaurln, was orig
inally involved In tho contest. Two
seats will bo affected by tho strugglo
which has now begun. Tillman has
thrown his own record and personality
directly Into tho canvass, and thus
greatly broadened Its scope and added
to Its plcturcsquencss nnd to its ox-
Ono of tho most significant events
in recent Indian history wns Just con
summated ns tho report camo to Chi
cago that tho ontlro Pottawattamie
trlbo of Michigan wero preparing to
march on tho city nnd reclaim tho land
of tho lnko front for which they claim
they havo never been paid by tho gov
ernment It was tho ceremonious visit
of tho Tonkawas to tho Klowas. Years
ago no ono over Imagined that Tonka
was and Klowas
would over meet,
except as enemies,
but here thoy wero
In this Oklahoma
valloy, In tho ca
pacity of hosts and
guests, vlelng with
ono another In cor
diality. Tho meet
ing shows how
much civilization
has dono to tamo
their wild nntures.
Tho origin of tho
feud between tho
Klowas and tho
Tonkawas Is ot
long standing. Tho
latter havo an aw
full record behind
thom. Thoy wcro
tho droaded cno
mles of nil tho
tribes In tho south
w o 8 1. As tholr
namo Implies, thoy woro canl
bals. Moro than thirty years
ago thoy seized a Kiowa papooso,
and killed and nto it at ono of their
hovrlblo feasts. It proved a fatal act.
Indians happened to bo away from
camp, and they wero tho only ones to
cscapo being massacred. This event
occurred nearly thirty years ago.
Indians aro full of superstitious
fears, and It la only very recently thoy
will pass through this valley, becauso
thoy say that tho groans and crying
of tho dead Klowas and Tonkawas can
still bo heard.
Evidence that former things aro
nUnmnnt Tf la nnrfnln tn hft VlV fftr thll
most interesting political contest which Tho m br'lod tho 0UttroE
will take placo anywhero in tho Unltod
Statos In 1901. It will nttract tho earn
est attention of tho cntiro country.
MaKing a "Boat in Ft-Oa Minutes
For a long tlmo past each Gorman
cavalry regiment has been accompan
ied by a wagon containing two folding
boats, but as tho outfit weighs about
6,000 pounds, it seldom follows tho
troops rapidly. Quito lately a novel
boat has bcon Introduced, so light that
ono horso can easily carry on Its back
I, ' I
fit
and quietly awaited their opportunity
to avengo It Thoy wero determined
and alert, but they made no sign until
tho chanco should como to take their
enemy at a disadvantage. Tho tlmo
camo at last The Tonkawas were on
camped In tho Tonkawa valloy, in
Oklahoma, through which flows a small
stream. Tho Klowas stealthily Bur
roundod tho camp, and attacked them
so suddenly that there was no tlmo
to don their war-paint, and barely tlmo
to snatch their weapons.
Terrible bloodshed resulted, and tho
Tonkawas wero almost exterminated.
Twolvo of tholr trlbo of four hundred
SCENE AT KIOWA-TONKAWA REUNION.
(A Tonkawa Squaw and Child and Apacho Chief.)
passing away and new and bettor
things aro taking placo la manifested
by tho friendly visit paid to tho Klo
was by tho Tonkawas recontly.
Tho Tonkawa trlbo, now numbering
about forty, surprised tho Klowas by
asking to visit them. Thoy came pro
pared for n long stay, bringing their
tents, tepees, wagons ponies and all
their Indian paraphernalia, Including
their buckskin suits, feathers, paint,
etc.
To show their good friendly feeling,
tho Tonkawas announced they would
give a dance for tho entertainment of
tho Klowas, and Indian ctlquetto do
manded that tho Klowas, in return,
should glvo gifts to tho visitors. In
dian gifts consist of beef, shawls,
blankets, but principally ponies.
Tho great day of tho danco at last
arrived, and everybody went: the
whlto people, too. Tho rldo among tho
camps showed actlvo preparation. Tho
Indians wero brushing tholr black,
glossy hair, tlolng it with ribbons or
twisting it with long strips of fur;
dressing up In tholr buckskins, strings
of beads nnd feathers. Tho dancors
fastened bands of bells below their
knees. Their toilet would havo been
far from complete if they had not fur
ther beautified themselves with plenty
of green, yellow and red paint, In rings
about their eyes, stripes and spota upon
tho checks, forehead, legs, arms and
bodies.
The chief of tho Tonkawas, whllo
walking about In great pomp, believ
ing himself to bo tho person of most im
portance and trying to appear perfect
ly unconcerned, suddenly discovered a
kodak aiming at him, nnd beforo no
could bo "shot" becamo highly indlg
nant Ho could speak English fairly
well, and ho said: "Tho whlto peo
ple got no business tako my picture
Tomorrow I write 'Father Washing
ton' nbout it" Ho thought ho had
"heap scared" tho whlto people. When
"tomorrow" came, howovor, ho had
quite changed his mind and camo ask
ing to havo his photograph taken.
Thoso who had brought gifts thon
choso ono of tho Tonkawas aa tho re
cipient of his present Tho "Thank
you" was very Impressive, a great deal
of talking nnd motions and raising
ot tho hands ns though Invoking heav
en's last blessing.
Tho ponies that wero led up to tho
now masters and mistresses woro gaily
painted In designs of red, green and
yellow. Tho manes and tails wero
painted somo bright color and some
times tied with bright ribbons and
handkerchiefs and often an additional
gift ot a nlco blanket would bo on tho
pony's back.
Tho dancing and presentation of
gifts lasted from about 4 o'clock until
sunset Tho parting sceno was very
affecting.
Prof. Herbert W. Conn., Ph. D. of
Wesleyan university, Is to glvo tho
principal address at tho university
convocation ot Boston university on
commencement day, Juno 5. His sub
ject Is "Tho Biology of tho Higher
Education."
A Li-Oinil Light.
Scientists aro much lntorostod In a I
Inmp which has been constructed by
Prof. Raph
ael Dubois,
and which
has boon
alight for
tho last fow
weeks in his
laborator y.
Tho wondor-
ful toaturo
about It la
that tho
light is actu
ally furnlsh-
od by living
o r o a t.uros,
since it is
produced
f.n.n llnillit
which is
composed of luminous marlno mi
crobes In propnrlng this liquid, or cul-
turo, Prof. Dubois has spent many
months, and thoso who havo seen tho
light which It furnishes claim that ho
hna good reason to bo satisfied with
his achievement.
Tho lamp consists merely of a metal
lic support, to which Is attachod a
largo ginss globo with n Hat bottom.
With tho globo nro connected two
tubes, ono nbovo it and anothor at tho
sldo, nnd thoso nro closed with cotton,
but In such a maunor ns to permit of a
limited circulation of air. Tho baao of
tho globo la covorod with a ahcot of
tinfoil, which Borvcs aa a reflector.
Whon tho light becomes dull or un
usual brilliancy Is required, all that la
nocoBsary Is to inject u llttlo air
through tho tuboa Into tho luminous
liquid.
A lamp of this kind, onco filled, will
furnish light continuously for Bovoral
weeks.
tho ontlro material for two boats. Tho
framo Is formed of from sixteen to
twonty ot tho lnnccs In use In ovcry
regiment, whllo tho cover consists of
watertight sail cloth. Six men enn pat
tho boat together in flvo minutes and
tako it opart in two. Tho wholo boat
weighs about slxty-flvo pounds.
World's Coffee Consumption,
Tho total annual consumption ot
coffoo Is: Unltod States, 802,000,000;
Qormany, 3-14,000,000; Frnnco, 170,
000,000; Austria-Hungary, 92,000,000;
Italy, 31,000,000; Great Britain, 29,000,-
000; Russia, 18,000.000. Tho Unltod
States thus consumes moro coffoo
than all other countries togothor. Tho
Importations como from different
countries na below: Brnzll, 028,000,
000; Venezuela, C2.000.000; Colombia,
28,000,000; Moxlco, 27,000,000; Costa
Rica, 17,000,000; Guatemala, 15,000,-000.
POTTAWATTAMIES ON THE MARCH.
7nited States Supreme Court.
Schtvab's JVctv Valace Car.
Mr. Schwab, presldont of tho stool
trust, has ordered for himself tho finest
prlvnto car than can bo built by tho
Pullman Company. Tho walla nnd
doors will consist largoly of onyx, tho
observation room will bo mado entiroly
ot pinto glass, Tho cost ot tho ear
would sufllco to build at least halt a
dozon oxtrornoly comfortablo houses.
Faith Healers in Urouble.
Rov. John Aloxamlor Dowlo, tho
Chicago faith curlst and general ovor-
scor ot tho
Chr 1 s 1 1 a n
C a t h o 1 1 c
Church, hag
been hold to
tho grand
Jury to an
sw o r tho
chargo ot
Mrs. Em
ma Lucy
Judd, ono ot
his dlsclnles.
Mrs.' juuu. having late-
ly succumbed to death regardless ot
Dowlo's alleged healing power. H.
Worthlngton Judd, a dlsclplo of
Dowlo, and husband of tho vic
tim, was also placed under arrest,
having appoarcd at tho Criminal Court
building in company with his superior.
Both mon were taken boforo Judgo
Tuloy, who admitted thom to ball. Hcu
rlka Bratsch and Mary B. Spreckor,
maternity nurses, who woro at Mrs.
Judd'a bcdsldo whon she died, wero
also arrested nnd ro cased under bonds.
For Dowlo and Judd bonds woro fixed
at $10,000 each, whllo tho women woro
released on sureties of $5,000 each.
' Ijc "
'1 'JU.
Eight ot tho Justices decided that tho
constitution ot tho United States ap
plies whorovor tho United States has
sovereignty. Justice Brown dissented
from this opinion, holding that con
gress can govern territory, whether It
Is Incorporated Into tho Unltod States
or not, outsldo ot tho constitution.
Tho court, by a majority of ono, sus
tains tho Forakor act (which levies a
tomporary tariff duty on goods from
Porto Rico) as constitutional and val
id. This Judgment was given by Mc-
Konna, Brown, Gray, Shlras and
Whlto.
Tho dissenting minority opinion,
which holds that tho Forakor act Is
unconstitutional, was given by Jus
tices Brewer, Hnvlan, Fuller and Peck
lmm. Tho decision of tho court wns an
nounced In tho Downes caso, which Is
tho fundamental test caso. Tho court
did not decldo tho Philippine case, In
volving tho Importation of diamond
rings, nnd it la not clear, whon this
caso la decided, that It will bo freo
from complications.
In tho Downes caso It was hold that
tho treaty-making power had not tho
power to Incorporate territory into tho
United States, that powor resting with
congress. This was tho opinion of
four of tho majority ot tho court, whllo
tho fifth, Justlco Brown, reached his
conclusion that tho Foraker act was
valid becauso tho constitution did not
apply to Porto Rico at all, and tho
question of Incorporation waa imma
terial. Tho four Judges who disagreed with
tho majority declared that Porto Rico
had been Incorporated Into tho United
States, and that theroforo no duty
could bo levied on goods coming from
tho Island.
In dealing with tho collection of du
ties, in either caso, such as tho Do
Lima caso, the court decided that after
tho ratification of tho treaty with
Spain tho president had no power to
imposo a tariff on gooda coming from
Porto Rico or going into Porto Rico.
Tho court also held that duties collect
ed on goods going Into Porto Rico bo
foro tho ratification of tho treaty with
Spain wero valid, becauso thoso duties
woro Imposed by tho military branch
of tho government 'to meet a military
emergency. Tho court holds in resorvo
n case tho Dooley case which in
volves tho exportation of goods from
tho United States Into Porto Rico nfter
tho Foraker act. This Is tho caso in
which tho appellant claims that tho
government has levied an oxport duty
upon goods exported from Now York
In violation of tho constitutional pro
visions aa to oxportatlons from a stato
r
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