THE AARLBOROUGH5
Current
2caf o Ilfrcd H. Holo.
Col. Alfred II. Dolo, tho hoad of tho
firm of A. II. Bob & Co., proprietors
of tho Halloa (Texas) News nntl of tho
Galveston Nowa. died at AbIiovIHo, S.
C, tho other day. Ho had been very
ill for upward of three months and
much of his time wan spent In that
part of tho country, the cllmato of
which had been found to agree with
him.
Colonel Bclo hnd a distinguished ca-
ALFRED II. BELO.
roor aa a soldier In tho army of tho
confederacy and he wns ono of tho most
Influential journalists of tho South.
Ho was horn nt Salem May 27, 1839,
and was cducnted In tho Bchoola of
North Carol I ha.
Ho was tho first man In tho field to
dofend with arms tho right of bocos
nlon. Ho organized nud commanded tho
first confederate company of tho coun
try, sorved throughout tho war In tho
army of northern Virginia, was
wounded nt Gettysburg nnd at Cold
Harbor, and woh promoted to tho
rank of colonel beforo the close of tho
war.
Aftor Appomattox ho rodo on horse
back to Galveston, where ho becamo
connected with the News. In 1875 ho
hocamo tho boIo proprietor of tho pa
por and did much to Introduco modorn
methods of Journalistic enterprise In
tho South.
Latest in Airships.
Even airships grow In tho delightful
cllmato of tho Golden State, In proof
of which ono Is shown below. From
tho Inventor's statements ho seems to
havo faith that airships can ho raised
thoro, too, even when loaded with
passcngoru und freight, for which ho
makes provision In tho plan of tho ship.
Tho upper portion of tho machine com
prises a jgaa-contnlning chnmbor,
which nets as a sort of balloon to sup
port n portion of the wolght. Tho
HAILING ABOVE THE CLOUDS
main lifting power, howover, Is ob
tnlnod from tho four propeller whools
secured to -tho under slflo of tho ship.
Thoso whools nro driven by a motor,
and by moans of an arrangement of
soars can bo kept In motion when
tilted In any direction, this changing
tho angle of tha propellorB being nec
essary aid tho ship In rising or de
scending and In passing through tho
nlr from ono plnco to another. To rise
vertically tho whools nro tilted Into
a horizontal position, nnd their lifting
forco, togothor with that of tho gas
nbovo, will causo tho machine to us
cond. By tilting tho rudders nt tho
dCBlrcd anglo nnd resetting tho propol
lop tho mnchlno 1b made to travol
along in tho air, nnd to bring It to
oarth tho whools nro mado to rovolvo
more slowly, until tho weight of tho
hlp overbalances tho power exerted.
Ex.
I
j Honors for "D-doraKr
Antonln Dvorak, tho Bohomlnn.
without doubt tho foremost of living
composoru, has been appointed to tho
Austrian houso of peers by tho ompor
or, llfo appointments to thnt body In
consideration of distinguished sorvlco
to church or utato being his privilege,
lit is poRBlblo thnt a fow persons In tho
Unltod States appreciate Dvorak aufll
clcntly to congratulate him upon this
woll-dosorvod honor. To tho great ma
jority of people of this country, how
ever, If they know his namo at nil, It
will tio a mattor of surprlso to loam
that ho was Ionic a resilient of Now
York, that ho came to this country bo
causo of his lovo ror freodom nnd bo
cause of hlu belief that his nrt would
lnd a cordial greeting and substantial
oncouragomont, nnd thnt he loft tho
United States a disappointed but a
wlsor man. Ho asked for bread and
thoy gave him n siono.
Dvorak during his roaldonco hero
was at tho hoad of 1L t'OtlBnftn rttt
whoro young Americans woro profiting
by his musical knowledge. Ho cstnb-
jinncd coRtpouiions intended to on
Topics
courago American compoaors. Ho
wroto tho finest modern symphonlos,
"From tho Now World," In which ho
embodied his aspirations for tho found
ing of an American school of music.
But to what purposo? Realizing tho
futility of his efforts, ho returned to
Europo and his emperor has fitly dig
nlflod him with a llfo honor for his
services to music.
Dvorak's experience will not probab
ly encourago any other leading Euro
pean composer to como over hero. So
long as success In music Is awarded
to rag tlmo and "coon" songs and suc
cess ns a nation Is measured by steel
rails, oil, pork, and mnchlnory, It Is
not Inviting for tho leadors In higher
fine art education. Wo lead the world
In things of tho mntorlal kind, hut In
things artistic we arc near tho tall of
the procession, big as wo think wo nro.
Great "Russian Painter.
If I could have my say In this mat
ter I would glvo tho prize to Vasltl
Vorcstchagln, tho grent Russian paint
er. Tho brush Is mightier than tho
pen. Desplto all that has been written
and preached on peace from Jesus to
Nuzaroth down to tho Baroness Von
Suttner there continues to bo war al
most as bloody nnd cruel as that
wagod In nntlqulty nnd tho mlddlo
ages. A dozen painters liko Vorest
chngln, however, could not help but
movo tho nations of blood on tho bat
tlefield, against tho nrmlng of brother
ngalnst brother, and compulsory arbi
tration would regln supreme. Vcrcst
chagln has convicted tho world by tho
M. VERESTCHAGIN.
Tho Russian painter nt work on his
plcturo of Napoleon.
mighty Btrokos of his bruHh of fearful
Iniquity. Tho misery and slckonlng
horrors of tho battlcflold nro brought
homo to tho world. It 1b widely differ
ent from tho heroic career which tho
sangulno recruit pictures to himself.
It Is (i savago carnage, moro brutal
than tho mortal combat of beasts, too
ghastly degrading for tho creaturo of
Intelligence, mnde In tho Imago of God.
Lot Vcrcstchngln havo tho prlzo,
though oven I1I3 work canuot disarm
tho nations.
Porhnps some day some Ingenious
choinlst will Invent a death-dealing
material moro destructive than dynn
mlto, a small quantity of which will
blow up a metropolis. Since agitation
by word and pen in tho lcglBlatlvo
halls, Iltoraturo and nowspnpors or tho
art of a Vorcstchagln will not atop
war, mayhap a moro poworful lnfornal
mntorlal than dynamlto will croato
such an nwo and fear that a conflict
will bo mado lmprobnblo. Then tho
Norwegian parliamentary commlttoo
need not hosltnto as to tho deserving
bononclnry. Honrl Chovallor.
Miss tiattie "Rose Lorn be.
Young socloty woman of Huron, S. D
Is to marry Senator Clark of Montaua.
Tho young Grand Duko of Mocklon-burg-Schwerln,
who has just nssumod
tho government, Is tho only absoluto
monarch In Europo outsldo of Russia
nnd Turkey. It must chafo tho katsor
to think that thoro Is n rulor In his
own empire who can do oxnetly as ho
pleases, whllo ho httnsolf Is tied down
both ns emperor nnd ns king, by consti
tutions nnd parliaments.
At tho census of 1790 Now York was
outranked in population by Virginia.
Pennsylvania, North Carolina and
Massachusetts.
The alleged separation of Duko and
Duchess of Marlborough, as told In th
dispatches from Paris, has created J
world-wide sensation, but not ono born
of great surprise. When Consuela
Vanderbllt beenmo tho wife of thi
young duko, It was well known that
tho latter had In view a slice of tin
Vanderbllt millions aa well ns tin
bride. There wore many predictions
that happiness would bo short lived.
They havo as children a son nnd a
daughter.
Tho Marlborough-Vanaerbllt wed
ding was celebrated In Now York No
vember C, 1895, In St. Thomas' church.
It surpassed In beauty nnd splondor
any other wedding In this country.
Miss Vandorbllt had met tho duko only
a year beforo whllo abroad. Sho and
DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH.
her mother woro entertained at Blon
holm palace, the duke's ancestral home.
She was courted by tho young noble
man from tho outset. Sho must have
encouraged him, for sho was not many
months homo when ho camo over the
sea to win hor.
Mrs. Oliver H. P. Belmont, formorly
Mrs. W. K. Vandorbllt, took tho lead
In pointedly entertaining tho duko, be
traying tho mother's nBplratlons for
hor daughter. Marblo IIouso, her
splendid home at Nowport, was the
sceno of many social affairs of un
wonted brlllinncy. Tho duko paid such
open court to tho young heiress that
It required no clovcrnoss to toll that ho
seriously contemplated carrying her
away to his English cnstlo.
Tho real victor In tho pleasant Inter
national affair was Mrs. Belmont. Hor
protty hut Bhy and unworldly wiao
daughter had made as brlllant a match
as nny mother might dream of. It was
a)l practically duo to her skillful gen
eralship, In which tho sclenco of di
plomacy had been carried to Us ut
most, and n tact of tho highest order
hnd been exorcised. Sho had won de
spite her own recent unfortunnto do
mestic affairs, which had long kept so
ciety's tonguo busy, nnd which had
Anally resulted In hor divorcing Wil
liam K. Vandorbllt nnd following it
hastily by her marriage to Oliver II. P.
Belmont. In this respect sho could
moot tho duko on somewhat equal
grounds, for there had boon domestic
infollclty hi the great houso of Marl
borough. Tho eighth duko had been divorced.
It wns then that ho mnrrlod Lily Prlco
that was, of Troy and Now York city,
dnughter of Commodore Prlco, U. S. N.,
DUCHESS OF MARLBOROUGH.
and afterwards Mrs. Louis Hamersloy,
widowed and wealthy, of New York,
This wedding was, democratically
enough, eclobrated at tho city hall by
tho mayor.
Tho Duko of Marlborough wont to
wnr In January, 1900, with Rudyard
Kipling nud othor notables, and re
turned In July Inst. Ho was a volun
teer, a captain of tho Imperial yco
mnnry, nnd was on Lord Roborts' staff,
He received honorable mention for
sovernl bravo nets on tho field, one
particularly thrilling rcscuo.
Tho Duchess Conauolo Is holrcss to
120,000,000 or $30,000,000, and Is worth
now 112,000,000. Sho played hoavlly
at Monto Carlo last month, whllo thoro
with hor father's yachting party.
Wol-Oes Li-Oe lpon "Deer.
Wolves are Increasing rapidly In
many parts of tho forest lands of
northern Canada, This is undoubtedly
duo to tho large Increase In the herdi
of deor throughout tho country. A
thcBo hnvo grown In numbers so hav
tho wolves that live upon thom. Floo
lug from tho ravages of tho wolves
tha deor havo mnde tholr way townid
tho settled parts of tho country, until
In many places thoy havo bocome a
nulsanco to farmers, In whoso flotds
of oats and othor grain thoy ottca do
considerable duaago.
There nnnears to bn croat excitement
over tho fact that tho war In South
Africa has already cost Great Britain
moro than $732,000,000. Compared
with the cost of somo of tho great
wars of tho last conturv. howevor. this
sum Is hardly a drop In tho bucket.
1110 most costly wnr of all tlmo was
10 civil war of 18(il-'fir. In the United
States. That wnr coat the northern
states a total of C.200 million dollars,
hllo tho South spent moro than 2,000
illllons In addition. And this does
not consider tho enormous expense of
tho pensions which havo been paid for
tho Inst thlrty-flvo yoars.
Next in cost to tho war of tho re
bellion wns tho Franco-Prussian war
f 1870. It cost, In round numbers,
500 millions of dollars. Tho Cri
mean wnr Btands third on tho list of
mparatlvoly recent wars, with a to.
tal cost of 1,700 millions.
Tho llttlo affair In South Africa hnn
cost the British up to date, less than
one-tenth of whnt tho United States
ipont in four yenrs of Its creat civil
conflict, nnd less than n third as much
as Franco and Gerninny poured out in
their Bhort struggle.
Tho present aggregate war dohfa nt
all tho nations of the world are so groat
as to entirely pass comprehension.
They sum up moro than 30,000 millions
or dollars. As there aro nearly 1,500
millions of peoplo In tho world It will
bo seen that If equally divided nmnni?
them tho world's war debt would clv
an average of $ 18 apiece for every man,
woman and child In tho world to carry.
Even moro stnrtllng aro tho flcur
which show what war has cost In tho
destruction of human life. In this lino
also tho United States civil war stands
In first place, with n total of moro than
800,000 men killed In battle and died
of wounds nnd disease. Closo to this
AmBICAJf 'OVII. WAR
terrlblo record Is that of the Crimean
war, In which 750,000 mon lost tholr
lives, whllo in tho Franco-Prussian
conflict tho losses wero 225,000. In
theso throe wars alono enough peoplo
were killed to moro than entirely wlpo
out tho population of Chicago and
lonvo it n lonely uninhabited desert.
In addition to thoso who are recorded
as dying In battlo and of disease, thoro
woro other hundreds of thousands who
wero maimed In theso wnrs or who
contracted disease from which thoy
never fully recovered. And, doubtless,
in thousands of cases deaths woro
caused by tho absence from homo of
thejr natural provider whllo theso
great wars woro being wagod. How
much tho world lost by losing tho serv
ices or all theso millions of stalwart
mon It is entirely Impossiblo even to
estimate.
Writers on tho cost- of wnr estimate
also that every war of nny consequence
directly affocts practically everybody on
earth, no mntter how far distant they
may be from tho sceno of tho con
flict. Thus during tho civil war, for
Instnnco, tho cotton mills of Enuland
woro cut off from their supply of raw
material and as a result thoro was 11
cotton fnmlno" In Lancashire, which
took on tho proportions of a national
calamity. As n direct result of tho
civil war It has boon estimated that
100,000 workmen In England. Germany.
and Franco were kept out of work
continuously for moro thnn thrco
years, with much misery and starva
tion as result.
"War Is so homicidal In Its nature."
says one writer, "that It slays thou
sands of victims, oven nt a distance
of thousnnds of miles from tho battle
fields."
It Is pointed out that, In tho naturo
of things, n creat war becomes ninrn
costly each year. Tho Invention of
great guns and of enormous floating
( b
l BILLION
If DOLLARS J
tOhai tOahing1on Tctienl Office Ejcpect.
U.S.PATPfll
"SCIENTISTS ARE UNANIMOUS IN
fortresses aro among tha causes of this
rapid Increase. A fow years ngo, com
paratively, tho cost of firing tho largest
gun mado wns not more than n few dol
lars. Now It costs $827 to tiro a aln
glo shot from n 16-Inch rifle, or moro
than enough to pny tho wages of a
prlvato soldier In tho regular for flvo
long years. Even nn 8-lnch rlflo costs
$125 each time It Is discharged. If tho
twcnty-Bcven largo seaportB of tho
Unltod Stntcs were each protected, ns
military men say thoy should bo, with
ten battorlcs of flvo rifles each, It Is
estimated thnt it would cost nearly
half a million dollars to flro a slnglo
round from all the guns In position.
A slnglo battleship or largo cruiser
coats millions, and yet It mny bo en
tirely destroyed by a torpedo or by a
few shots If they happen to hit tho
right places. Every now discovery,
either In tho wny of now engines of
warfare or of moro deadly and dan
gerous explosives, makes war more
costly. A dozen old ships of tho lino
could be built and completely equipped
for less than It costs to put a modern
battleship Into tho wntor. A ton of
gunpowder would not do as much
damage as a few hundred pounds of
molonlto or any of tho modorn explo
sives. For military and naval purposes the
nntlons of Europo spend annually 750
millions of dollars. Thoy keep under
arms continually moro than 3,000,000
men, six times n3 many ready to fly to
arms when tho word "mobilize" Is spo
ken. It Is estimated that tho commu
nity loses at least $200 a year for each
man who Is kept under nrms nnd Is,
therefore, unproductive. For all Eu
ropo this loss would amount to COO
millions of dollars, which should bo
added to tho 750 millions annually
paid out for military nnd naval pur
poses. Taking tho two together, it
appears that Europo pays something
like $3,000,000 n day in times of peaco
for tho purposo of keeping itself ready
to go to war.
By way of illustrating whnt tho
presence of theso great armies moans
to Europo it is pointed out that If all
tho Inhabitants of the flvo great pow-
1 1 .
ors of Europo wore loaded Into rail
road cars holding fifty neonlo ench
thero would bo flvo soldiers In each
car.
Austria spends less than tho other
powers of equal Importance. Its war
tax In peaco times Is only about S11.-
000,000 n year, but each year It takes
away from their businesses and pro
fessions 120,000 young men. wh
obliged to servo for threo consocutlvo
years In tho nrmy. After that thoy aro
still obliged to hold themselves at the
call of tho government for tho next
twenty years. Military servlco is uni
versal. In war time It Is estimated
that hioro than 3,000,000 trained sol
diers can be put Into the flold. 4
Italy spends moro than Austria, but
has a smaller army to show for It.
Tho "recruit corp" In Italy Is about
320,000 young mon n year, out of which
numbor nearly 100,000 aro annually
chosen for actlvo servlco In tho army.
Germany goes far beyond either Aus
tria or Italy In tho amount of Its ex
penditures. In Gormany evory year
more than 3CO.000 young men rench tho
military ago and enter tho avmy as a
matter of compulsion. Every son of
the omplre must put In six yenrs two
In actlvo sorvlco and four In tho army
of tho reserve On a pence footing tho
knlser has moro than half a million
soldiers nt his command, and In caso
of necessity this numbor could bo
raised to 3,000,000.
But tho greatest military power, on
land nt least, Is, of course, Russia,
which malntnlns an establishment of
moro thnn 800,000 mon In times of
peaco, whllo under pressure of war this
figure might easily bo multiplied by
four or oven five.
Ono of the greatest Influences which
work for poaco Is that of tho peoplo
who hold tho bonds representing tho
CONDEMNING THE RATE AS A N
w.. &BZ ',ril 5& -s .2w-
wnr debt of a nation. Thus tho Inves
tors who hold English consols hato tho
Idea of a war botween Russia and
England, becauso tho moro rumor of
such a conflict makes them actually'
poorer by reducing tho market valuo of
their holdings. It Is believed that
every tlmo a foreign loan Is floated in
this country, for Instance, tho assur
anco of lnternntlonal peaco Is mado
Just that much stronger, as all tho
peoplo who hold tho foreign securities
will exert their lnfluenco In favor of
peace.
Jnti-American tlliance.
That tho Spectator In warning us
against a posslblo European anti-alliance
is largely moved by the hopo of
convincing us that England is our
only friend In Europo Is easy to bcc
Nevertheless there la a certain amount
of foundation for its warnlngB. Tho
nDC TMI3 OVti OfE
TIME TO' PAY A PD1
VATZ aOLDtCU TDB TNC
ruling clnsscs of Europo hato tho
United States nnd its governmental
policies.
In the first plnce, this country rep
resents to thom tho overthrow of aris
tocratic privilege. In tho second place,
thoy havo not yot outgrown tho eight
eenth century Idea that colonics, de
pendencies, or "protectorates" are sim
ply to bo exploited for the benefit of
the "mother" country.
The loss of her American colonies
forced Enclnnd to abandon a lnrgo
portion of that idea. Russia perhaps
from tho fact that her annexations
havo all been contiguous, seems largu
ly to havo escaped Its lnfluenco. Tho
United States never hold It, and now
protects tho Latin-American republics
against Its extension.
Wherever tho American flag has gono
orderly liberty nnd Industrial equality
havo gone with It. We havo never
discriminated, as a settled policy,
against the industries or tho commorco
of our new possessions. Wo havo
oven refused to turn to our commercial
advantage the virtual protcctorato
that wo hold over tho Latln-Amorlcan
states. Whllo for our own safety wo
insist that "our flat on this contlnont
is law," we utter It only against Eu-
IVYPAT . TATA r ftrn' rv k irrnhf Y-v
3 T u,Moia .or DOi-vuaai
ropean aggression (as wo did when
England tried to hold up Venezuela
at our very doors), and not for our
pecuniary advantage.
Slnco tho United Stntcs thus stands
as tho great bulwark of Independent
national development and equality of
all under tho samo flag, against tho
European Idea of colonial dependency
nnd exploitation, tho ruling classes of
Europe have good reason to hato us.
And, whllo tho European raassos un
doubtedly think othorwlso, they may
bo misled for n tlmo Into permitting
their rulers to try to glvo tholr hato
tanglblo effect.
That part of tho Spectator's warning,
thereforo, which counsels us to lncroaso
our fleet and bo ready to defend our
position Js most tlmoly. Tho privi
leged classes of Europe (Russia ex
copted) cannot bo oxpected to glvo up
without a struggle, and wo should ba
prepared. Ex.
ENEMY OF CIVILIZATION," News Itom.
V
t
r