i .
Current
JVebrcwKci'j' Senators-Elect.
A "Radical Earl.
Earl Grey, who proposes to mu
nicipalize nil this saloons of England,
and thus reduce the drink evil, is one
of tlio big commercial noblemen of
(Ircnt Llritaln. He was appointed gov
ernment mnnager of the South African
Chartered Company In conjunction
with Cecil Hhodca, wan one of tho
company and one of its largest stock
holders, and waB n favorite of the
late queen, who loved him because the
prlnco eonKort was hla godfather. Ixird
Oroy Is n handsome man of 44, and
succeeded to tho title only a few years
ago at the death of his granduncle,
who was nain to have been the most
cantankerous, censorious and quarrel
some old gentleman within the recol-
EAIIIj OUHY.
lection of tho moat unciont of tho
realm. Tho new earl lives In Nor
thumberland, in ono of the stateliest
mansionn in England, surrounded by
wooded and watered estates covering
20,000 acres. In London ho occupies
a fine house facing Hyde Park.
T5hc Anthracite Coal Crisis.
An artlelo In tho April Atlantic by
I'alcott WllllaniB throws light upon
tho real causes of tho threatened strlko
In tho Pennsylvania coal Holds. This
writer shows that strikes aro often
tho result of Intense competition.
Every now machine and every shifting
of trade lias in It tho possibilities of
strikes In the Industries affected.
Thus tho invasion of England by
American Btecl products is likely to
produce labor troubles In English steel
mlllB. It Is a change of this kind
that has forced the anthracite mine
owners and their employes Into a state
constantly bordering on conflict. For
tho first timo both sides are now thor
oughly organized and each feels tho
prcosuro of conditions which seem to
It unendurable
The real cause of tho anthrncite
troubles Is the increasing competition
of bituminous coal. From 1840 to 1860
tho annual output of each of the two
kinds of rrj"l was nriietloally the
Kiirde. lly 1&0 tho anthracite had
forged anead of its rival in the propor
tion of 10,000,000 tons to 14,000,000 of
40ft coal. Anthraclto had everything
In its favor and tho Iron of tho coun
try was mudo with this kind of coal.
Mluora got good wages and capital
inndo largo dividends. Then the capi
talists did as they usually do in such
cases they watered tbeir stock.
Between 1870 and 1880 the capital
engaged in anthracite increased from
$50,000,000 to flGI.000,000. Yet during
the (flame period bituminous coal sud
denly leaped far ahead of anthracite.
In 1880 tho hard coal output was 23,
000,000 tons, while the soft coal was
nearly 42,000;000 tons. The nao of coko
had been discovered, and the iron in
dustries had begun to substitute bitu
minous for nnthraclto coal. Tho an
thracite interests thus found them
selves heavily overcapitalized and face
to face with strong and unexpected
competition. Their decline dates from
that timo. In tho last twenty ycarB
the anthracite output has doubled, but
that of bituminous coal has quad
rupled. Tho Pennsylvania ownors
Hought to savo themselves by employ
ing cheaper and loss Intelligent labor.
They Healed down wages through Oij
company store, a high price for pow
dor, and various devices for mulcting
tho miner in weighing his output.
Strikes followed Inevitably.
Tc3o conditions aro atill prcsiln
Topics
upon tho mine-owners with Increasing
forco, says tho Chicago Tribune. In
the flush days of thirty years ago tho
shafts were only 400 or 600 feet deep.
Now they are thrice that depth, and
it costs much more to bring each ton
to the surface. The steel industries
were formerly confined to tho East,
near the anthracite mines. Now the
cheap Western ore and cheap bitumin
ous coal are steadily drawing the Iron
Industries toward the West. Tho over
capitalized anthracite industries have
Increasing dlfllculty in making divi
dends. The result Is an Imminent dan
ger of serious disturbances, yet, as
Mr. Williams says, tho danger from
a further deterioration of labor and
wages would be still worse.
A Good American Plan.
An English shipbuilder says that
British shipbuilders aro able to get
American steel at from $4 to $8 less
a ton than tho same steel 1b sold for on
this aide of tho Atlantic. Adherence
on tho part of the American manufact
urers to this policy of asking a high
price at home and a lower price abroad
will, he says, keep up tho price of ships
built in this country and keep down
tho price of those built In Great Bri
tain. There is no doubt that American
shipbuilders have been made to pay
excessive prices for steel. The benefit
of tho great reduction in tho cost of
manufacture of that metal in this
country has not been enjoyed 'by them
as It has lieen enjoyed by men In tho
same business in a foreign country.
it tne unueii states steel company
wore to add the building of steel and
Iron ships to tho Industries It is to bo
engaged in it could turn out such ship:)
for use in tho foreign or coasting trado
at prices which would dofy competi
tion. If tho company were to build
ships and sell them at a reasonable
flguro Americans would buy and use
them to carry on trado with foreign
countries.
t?urns the "Riders O-Oer.
Proprietors of amusement enter
prises who are looking for u novelty to
tako tho place of tho common roller
conster, toboggan slide, "shoot-the-chutes,"
etc., will find In tho Invention
presented herewith sufllclent novelty
to last for ono season at least. In
fact, most people would be Inclined to
think thero was too much novelty to
the apparatus, since it turns the pass
engers completely over in tho early
part or Its Journey arouud the circuit
Tho Inventor claims this can bo dono
with perfect safety, as tho centrifugal
force of the moving weight in tho cat
holds every passenger in placo almost
in spite of himself. Edwin Prcscott
of Arlington, .Mass., Is tho Inventor,
and tho idea here appllod Is that of
CENT III FUG A I., it A I MVAY,
Imparting such high speed to the car
by causing it to descend a steep grado
that when it chnnges 1U course ns it
does In panning through the vertical
loop of track, the centor of gravity
will tend toward the bottom of tho
car, thus forcing overy rider more
firmly Into his seat. The passage
through the loops is accomplished so
quickly that It Is hardiy realized, anil
then the car proceeds with tho loss
exciting portion of Hh Journey. Tho
car takes on Its load In the position
shown, and the cable elevates It to tho
top of tho steep incllno, with tho pass
engers facing backward through the
first atago of the journey.
Michigan's docllno as a lumber state
Is ntrlklngly shown by tho figures of
tho product of 1900. In tho Saginaw
rlvor district there were produced in
1882 1,011,000,000 feet of pi no lumber.
whllo Inst year the pluc-'output drop
ped to ny,i,40b feet.
SAYINGS anil DOINGS
Echo of an Ante-Helium Days.
Tho death at Columbia, S. C, of the
widow of Preston S. Brooks recallB tho
sensation caused in 1850 when Brooks,
then n representative In Congress trom
South Carolina, pounded Senator Chas.
Sumner Into Insensibility ns tho latter
sat In his Heat In the Senate chamber.
At the time tho "civil war In Kansas"
was at ItB height. Senator Sumner on
May 22 delivered n speech In tho Son
ato which deeply Incensed tho members
of Congress from South Carolina,
from which state
many of tho mom
bora of tho pro
slavery army which
invaded Kansas
started. After tho
Senato had ad
journed, and while
Senator Sumner
still sat in his
acat Congressman
Brooks entered the
Senato chamber, Charles Sumner,
and, approaching from the back,
struck him repeatedly ovor tho head
with n heavy cane until ho fell uueon
sclous. Friends of Mr. Brooka from
tho South accompanied him, and, with
drawn rovolvcrs, prevented the other
senators from protecting Mr. Sumner
from tho brutal nsaault. Afterwards,
during a debate In the lower house of
Congress, hot words passed between
Brooks and Anson Burllngamo of
Massachusetts, as a result of which the
latter was challenged to light a duel.
He accepted, and Canada was chosen
as tho placo of meeting, with rifles as
weapons. Brooks failed to appear at
tho appointed time, and was branded
as a coward by newspapers and public
sentiment throughout the North. As n
result he resigned hla scat, but was
unanimously re-elected and recelvod
many testimonials from various parts
of tho South.
MtstaKcn in the Taylor.
Former Govomor R. U. Toylor of
Tennessee whllo In Knoxvllle n few
days ago, says n correspondent of too
Nashville Banner, told this Joke nt his
own expenso partly, and partly at tho
expenso of a Pennsylvania mounUln
community:
"I had been billed several days to
speak In a little town which had only
one railroad and which was In a nioun
tnlnous section. I dreaded the placo
because I did not expect n crowd
reached tho town and fully 1,000 poo
pic were out to aeo me. A committee
of tho most prominent men In tho
town met mo with a carrlago and a
brass band. 'Yankee Doodlo' was
played ninny times, but 'Dlxlo' was
never thought of. Tho spokesman for'
tho party told mo that he waa glad
to welcome to tho town a man who
had been so badly treated by the Dem
ocrata, and who wbb entitled to tho
olllce of Governor beyond all doubt.
His statements wore applauded and
I wondered how I had been mistreated.
But I held my peace and waited
was called upon by men of all classca,
who assured mo that I had been elect
ed boyond all doubt. I thanked cvsry
ono for his kindness In tho mattor.
I was told that I would have n big
hoiiBO that night, and sure enough J
did.
"Tho chairman, rose and said
tako plcasuro In Introducing a man
who has been cheated out of the Gov
ernorship of Kentucky, and who did
not kill Goobel. I welcome a martyr
of Democratic Infamy In our midst,
and ho Is surely welcome'
"I delivered niy lecture and tho mis
take was never known whllo I .was
there. I left on tho first train, which
left llftecn minutes after tho close of
niy lecture. I will never lecture in tho
town again."
telescopic Sight for Shooters.
Tho corps of sharpshooters now on
duty In tho Philippines haa just been
equipped with telescopic sights for
their rifles. Experiments with tho
now slghtH havo been carried on for
tho lust six months
by the Army Board
of Ordnance, and
It has been found
that tho Krag-Jor-geneen
rllle Is as
effective with tho
telescopic sight In
iiso at a rango of
2,000 yards ns at
COO yards with tho
ordinary sights. It
Is expected that
tho telescopic sight
will bo especially
valuablo in tho
dark and shadowy
Jungles of the trop
ical forest In tho
Philippines. It has
also been found effectlvo in foggy and
misty weather, enabling tho marks
man to sen clearly objects which aro
altogether obscured otherwise. Tho
telescopic night selected Is ono which
macnllles twelve diameters. It Is of
practically universal focus, and there
fore does not need readjustment for
different marksmen or for different
ranges.
Farmer Hoys and the City.
In spite of advice uud admonition to
the contrary, ambitious country iKiys
will continue to come to tho city so
long as It offors them a broader field
of action and greater hopes of largo
rewards. Tho men who aro now try
lug to persundo tho farmer's boy to
atav on tho farm may not accomplish
much, but they will certainly do no
harm. Tho boy who Is likely to sue
need In tho city will como In splto of
them, while perhaps thoy will bo abl
to keep twine of tho probablo failures
out of tho strain and struggle of city
competition.
1
De&lirvg with (kptured
revolutionist Le&defls.
At tho present time, as Emlllo Agui-
nnldo Is likely to discover, thero Is
nothing particularly dangerous about
playing the part of a revolutionist. A
hundred years ago It was different.
Then a man or woman who revolted
agnlnst established authority was fair
ly certain to havo his or her head cut
off, and was likely to havo other un
pleasant thlngB happen. Now, so long
at least as ono Is careful to robol
iigalnst a civilized and enlightened
power, a captured leader la likely to
bo furnished with a hnndsomo resi
dence on some salubrious and beauti
ful Island, paid a liberal nllowanco by
tho government against which he haa
cbcllcd, and asked to Ilvo a quiet and
healthful lite, with nothing to worry
about.
In all tho law books tho old defini
tion of n rebel and the punishment for
rebellion remain, but, though tho "high
treason" bo proved the death penalty
Is rarely enforced.
A good example of the way In which
rebels were treated only a century ago
la found In the story of Toussalnt 1'
Overture, tho famous negro Bluve, sol
dier and statesman, who founded tho
black republic of Santo Domingo. In
1793, when tho Eugllsh Invaded the Is
land, ToiiBsalnt, who was already a
trusted military leader among tho
blacks, declared In favor of France and
took tho oath of allegiance to tho
French republic. Ho took tho field
against tho English and drovo both
them and the Spaniards off tho Island.
Then he was made commander-in-chief
of tho military forces of tho Island. In
1801 ToiiHsalnt assumed control of tho
government. A constitution waa
drawn up making him president for
life. When this constitution wan sent
to Napoleon ho broke out into a fury
and sent an army of 30,000 inon, under
General Leclorc, with a fleet of more
than sixty war vessels, to subduo the
black usurper. But Toussalnt was an
ablo soldier, and tho climate fought
with him. Within a fow months 20,000
of tho French soldlera porlahcd ofyel
low fover, and tho negro soldlera anil
slnveB, rising in a general rebolllon,
put CO.000 white pcoplo to denth. Ft
nally peace waa restored, and Toils
aalnt was treacherously seized and Im-
prlsoued. Then ho was transported to
franco and confined in a cold and
dismal dungeon, where he suffered
from lack of food and sickness, dying
at tho end of ten months' Imprison
ment of consumption and starvation.
Another moro modern robel is Arnbl
Pasha, tho Egyptian, who dofled for a
timo tho unltod power of England and
Franco. In 1881 Arabl Pasha, at tho
head of tho Egyptian army, bocamn
practically the military dictator of
TOOSSAWr LOVERTORE
ARAB1 PASHA
A Collapsed Hubble.
The news camo recently from Hono
lulu that ono Isaac Newton Ilaydon
had died there and left 120,000,000 and
that heirs wero wanted for tho estate,
Haydons being m scarce in Honolulu
that thero was danger tho estate would
bo left unclaimed, Bather than havo
this calamity occur several publie-splr-Ited
claim apwits In this country havo
been vlborously promoting a Iluydon
boom. Haydons by blood and HitydoiiK
by mnrrlago havo been naked to fur
nish their pedigrees to tho promoters,
not forgetting a bonus to roimburur, tho
latter for expenses. The schemo was
Egypt, and In 1882 both British and I
French warships were sent to Alex
andria to ovcrawo and defeat tho reb
els, and to mako a prisoner of Arabl
as their chief. For many weeks Arabl
was ablo to hold off tho cuemy. hut
finally ho was overtaken and hla forces
cut to pieces nt Tel-El-Keblr. Arabl
was raptured by the British troops
and placed on trial on a charge of high
treason. Ho pleaded guilty, nnd waR
sentenced, with tho members of his
staff, to banishment to tho island of
Ceylon. Thero he has lived evernlncc,
a welcomo guest at tho houses of Brit
ish authorities on the Island, nnd tho
recipient of a largo allowance from tho
British government. When Arabl gave
up his sword and went Into exile ho
was only 42 years old anil was In np
poaranco tho typical leader of u savage
and fanatical people. Nov that ho I a
past CO his expression has softnned,
and ho has become a venerable and
gentlo old man. Practically every mem
ber of his staff who went Into oxllo
with him is dead, and his last wtah
Is to go home to Egypt and die In tho
land of his fathers.
Tho United States has had to deal
wltli a number of rebels. One of tho
first wns Daniel ShayB, tho leader of
n rebellious forco of Massachusetts
men, who objected to the collection of
tho large taxes after the eloso of the
revolutionary war. Shays organized a
forco of 2.000 men, marched on and
captured tho town of Worcester, and
finally domanded the nurrender of tho
United States arsenal nt Springfield.
Tho United States olllcer In command
fired a number of cannon over tho
heads of Shay's army, which broke
and ran. ShayB and a number of lead
ers wore arretted and tried on chnrgoa
of high treason. Several of them were
convicted nnd sentenced to death, but
theso aentcnecs were never executed.
Finally a free pardon was granted to
all who had taken part In tho rebel
linn.
A little bit later tho so-called whisky
Insurrections broke out In Pennsyl
vania. Theso dlsturbancea were of so
much Importance that President Wash
Ington ordeicd out 1.1,000 troops and
sent commissioners over tho moun
tains to deal with the rebels. Thero
was somo bloodshed and many cose?
of violence shown against tho officers
who wero sent by tho national govern
ment to collect the tax on whisky and
othor alcoholic products. No arrests
wero made, however, nnd tho rebels
wero not punished In any way.
Often, na history, shows, a rebel 1b
safer and enjoys a much longer leaso
of llfo when ho la captured by u hu
mano foo than when ho achieves tho
object for which ho started on his ca-
LADY JANE GREY
ACrUlNYLDO
I T 1 D ANT ON
SOME NOTABLE HEVOfAJTTONlHTS OF HISTOltY.
well under way, Haydemi were turn
ing up in all directions, eager forslieos
or Isaac Newton's fortune, and bonuses
wero Just beginning to como In when
news camo from Honolulu that Instead
of $20,000,000 Isaac Newton's fortune
amounted to just $40,
In tho fat'o of such a nhrlnkago as
this tho bubble -burst, and tho Hay
dens aro no longer Interested In tho
yiatter. So far as tho claim agents
'aro concerned, thoy will get no sym
pathy. Their -business Is that of prof
iting liy popular greed and credulity.
Homo It la a matter for congratula
tion when one of their schemes col-
reer of violence. As oxamplo, Danton
may bo cited, Borp n farmer, ho wont
to Paris and became u barrister, lift
was maBtor of a sort of rough cloqiicnco
which proved effective, and ho grow
dally In power and popularity. In per
sonal appearance ho was n giant. Fi
nally ho became minister of justice tin
der tho revolution and thon president
of tho tcrrlblo commlttco of public
safety. Then ho aroused tho enmity
of Itobeaplerro and was mint to tho
guillotine In April, 1794. A fow monthn
later Kobesplcrro met tho snmo fate.
Both of them might hnvo livcil on for
years In comfortable retirement if
their rebellion had been put down nnA
they hud bcn sent Into exile by a gen
erous king.
But the most unhappy, as well na
tho most beautiful, rebel In history wan
Ijidy Jauo Grey. She wan not a retail
of her own will uud choice.
She had no thought for reigning
as Queen of England until tho plan
wns brought to her by her ambitious
father-in-law. Then alio consented,
and when, after holding tho tltlo of
Queen Jano for nine days, alio waa sent
to tho tower sho was ready to plead'
guilty to the orlmo of tronson. Sho
was young, beuutlful, and tho moat
learned woman of her times, but ahci
was executed on tho charge of which'
sho had admitted her guilt.
Not so was Queen Ilanavalona III,
of Madagascar treated when a fowl
years ago tho French, who had clnlraed
Madagascar for a good part of twoi
centuries, decided to tako her Into
exile. Sho and her two uncles wero)
dotected In n plot to overthrow thol
French authority. The men wero tried'
and executed, but tho Queen horsclt.
was captured In her pulace, whero flho
lived almost llko a hermit, and taken
first to a llttlo Inland In tho ocean..
Thero tho spirit of rovolt followed hcr
so that tho French finally decided te
transport hor to Algeria, whero shw
would ho too far from homo to hcaill
a rebellion. Accordingly, alio baa boon!
given a flno villa, a Btaff of Korvauts,
and an allownnco of $5,000 a year by
tho government, and It la uald than
sho has a much better timo than wliou
sho was locked up all tho timo Int
her pnlaco at home, with no amuse
ment except to fly paper kites out of.
the window. Now sho haa dovelopcd
a gicnt tasto for French millinery, n
well ns a liking for clgarctfl, chowhiB'
tobacco, and Jewelry. In tho lino oC
jowels, It la said that her collection,
la valued at $2,000,000.
Tho proposition to send Agulnaldc
to Guam will probably meet inoro op
position from his friends than from
himself. His oath of allegiance may,
cause this Idea to bo abandoned.
QOEEN OF MADAGASCAR
D ANT ON
laiwes before It comeH to a. head. An
far na the -Haydons aro concerned thoy
havo probably been saved from throw
ing awny their money. Evnji if Isnau
Newton had boon worth $20,000,00,
thero aro so many Haydons that eacli
heir would havo had but an Infinites
lmally small sllco, especially utter tho
claim agent had made his grab, nnd all
tho heirs would havo beuu unhappy.
At a recent congress of nuturaltotii
In Berlin It wsh resolved to potltlos
tho government to supply tho funds for
a floating biological laboratory ou tbo
Jthlne.
i