Power of
the Eest
Tho clnlm of Japan to be looked upon
as tho Britain of tho cast Is not with
out foundation, writes Isaac Taylor
Headland In Munsey's Magazine. Her
situation In relation to Eastern Asia,
or, for that matter, In relation to all
Asia la very similar to that of England
In her relation to Europe. She la an
Island empire. Her territory Is not
large and as her population Is rapidly
Increasing sho Is Impelled to utilize
every foot of ground she possesses.
Sho terraces tho mountain sides, and
causes them to blossom as the rose.
She Irrigates tho waBtc places and
changes tho desert Into green fields.
Sho rescues tho swamp lands and
transforms them Into rlco fields. So
that tho rural population of Japan, In
stead of being farmers, are gardoners,
and tho Island empire Is a garden spot
In fact as well as In name.
Japan resembles Britain at sea ns
well aB on land. Many of her people
(had a seafaring llfo. Sho la not only
destined to become, but Is forced to
become, ono of the great commercial
nations of the world. Her ships will
ply between all porls, and tho flag of
tho rising sun will be seen flying on
tho masts of merchant vessels on all
ucafl, oast and west, Just ns tho Union
Jack Is at tho present time. As a mat
ter of protection, sho will need a large
navy. Tho beginning of this she al
ready possesses. Her navy is rapidly
increasing, and she 13 building or hav
ing built ships of tho moat modern
type, with gun3 of tho best make. She
stands today among tho Mx or seven
great maritime powers and In all tho
Pacific sho Is the strongest of them
all.
Ono of tho proverb3 that meet us
when wo arrlvo In tho cast is thin:
"The Japanese wash their bodies and
their clothes; the Corcann wash tholr
clothes; the Chinamen do not wash
either." Tho proverb Is almost liter
ally true. The bath Is one of tho first
Japaneso Institutions tho travolor en
counters. In tho home the hath room
may bo tho living room and the mala
and fomalo members of tho family per
forin their ablutions In full sight o'f
one another, while in tho public bath
nothing moro than a netting and some
times not even that separates tho male
from tho female divisions of the bath
house.
Japnn'A Industrial VroRrem.
In her Industrial progress Japan has
taken rapid strides. Business men have
sent tholr sons, or their most Intelli
gent apprentices, to America and to
European countries, where they have
entered tho great factories as clerks or
laborers, and by their Industry havo
worked their way to tho top. They fa
miliarize themselves with all depart
ments of business and every phase of
business life, and some bright morning
tho stranger who began as an humblo
clerk appears before hl3 employer as a
Japaneso gentleman In every way his
equal, takeo his polite leave of the firm
with which ho has been connected and
returns to his native land to open up a
like business. Bccauso of the cheap
ness of labor, Japaneso manufacturers
can turn out similar goods at prices
far below what they cost to mako In
Europo or America. Everything from
a bicycle to a razor, and from a ship
to a toy engine, or a real engine, Is
mado In great factories, whose tall
shlmneys mar tho beauty of tho moun
tain sides as one passes along tho
coast or through tho platld Inland sea,
Hallways are In operation all over the
empire, and both tholr equipment and
their management is excellent. The
traveler In Japan may tako a flrst
class, second-class, or third-class car,
and will find himself shut up with a
number of little men and women who
sit tailor-fashion on tho seats, or,
kneeling, sit on their heels, Instead of
THE EMPEROIl OF JAPAN,
letting their heels rest on tho floor.
It is their habit of sitting on their
feet that causes Japaneso of both sexes
to turn their toes in, and that helps
to mako them so small In stature. Tho
Japaneso from tho leg up is as largo
as tho average European, but ho lacks
leg development, which shortcoming
has been caused, It Is supposed, from
his constant sitting on bis legs.
An alarm has been raised by many
observers who havo predicted that
Japan, with Its cheap labor, Is destined
to twurp tho Industrial supremacy of
tho world; hut tho menace Is moro Im
aginary that real. It should bo re
membered that tho Jnpanese nro not
originators, hut Imitators. Tho Chin
ese can originate, hut cannot bring to
any degree of perfection; tho Japan
eso cannot originate, but are clover ut
adapting und Improving. Their porce
lain was borrowed from Korea, but has
been bo Improved as to be unrecogniz
In
n
L Japan hays
Claim to that
To sit ion.
RBHBHMKnm
able. Their classical books aro of Chin
eso origin, as Is also their religion.
Their navy Is British, their nrmy Ger
man, their legal codo French, their ed
ucational systom Amorlcan, and tllr
various Industries nro taken from all
over tho world. They aro not sim
ply copied, howovcr. Tho borrowed
Ideas are eaten and digested, as It were,
and stnmpcd with the Imprint of the
art and llfo of tho Japaneso as to be
como their own.
Modern Udurntlnn In Jnpnn.
What happened In tho Industrial
llfo of Japan happened also In Its edu
cational life. Students went to foreign
countries, and entered all departments
of learning. Those who could not go
abroad rushed to tho governmental
and mission Echools until all of these
were flllcd to overflowing; and the
rapidity with which the pupils nc-
THE EMPRESS OF JAPAN,
quired foreign knowledge wns evidence
of their nblllty and of their deep In
terest. Tho number of schools and pu
pils Increased as rapidly as flnancinl
conditions of tho government would
allow, until at the present tlmo thero
aro no fewer than 30,000 schools, hav
ing 100,000 teachers, half a million
graduates, and C.000,000 pupils, whllo
tho annual outlay for educational pur
poses Is not less than $7,500,000.
Tho Japanese Army.
As Japan choso tho groaost naval
power In tho world for a model in plan
ning her licet, so sho selects tho great
est military organization, tho German
army, as a model for her land forces.
Her army numbers a quarter of a
million men, with somo 5,000 ofllccrs.
Tho Japaneso soldiers proved In their
war with China in 1894, and lately in
the expedition to Pekin, that they aro
among tho mo3t wonderful fighting
men tho world has known. Thoy
aroused universal amazement and un
bounded admiration among tho Europ
eans and Americans who saw their,
work. In tho battlefield, If nowhero
else, tho "plucky little Japs" havo
gained the world-wldo respect for
which thoy havo struggled so long and
so hard. Their discipline, enduranco
and bravery made the Occidental sol
diers open their eyes. When tho at
tack wns made on Tientsin, tho Chl
neso sharpshootors killed man after
man before ono could get at tho wall
with guncotton. Finally, a Japaneso
soldier succeeded In reaching the gato
with two cans of the explosive. Three
times ho lighted a long fuse and It
was shot out. Then, to mako sure of
his work, tho soldier calmly stood over
tho match. Of course, ho knew ho
would bo blown to atoms, but tho gato
was shattered, and Tientsin was'
taken.
CLOTH THAT LASTS.
Roods Aro Promised Thut Will Wcur
Twenty Yours.
In with tho now century will como a
new material for clothing which really
will revolutionize all our notions about
tho cloth In which wo shall bo clad.
Think of getting a suit of clothes that
will last for twenty yenrs; that will
cost only a third moro than a suit
costs now, nnd that will bo absolutely
waterproof without appearing to bo bo.
Revolutionize is rather an overworked
word, but It fits this caso exactly. In
stead of singing, "Papa's pants will
coon fit Johnnie," tho refrain will run,
'Johnnlo soon will wear Pa's pants,"
for when pa enco begins to wear these
extremely useful articles before John
nie has got out of dres303 ho may con
tlnuo to wear them for tho next twenty
years, and by that tlmo Johnnlo will
havo grown up to them. Tho samo
with little Mary and her mother's
skirts. Instead of cutting down tho
garments for tho girl tho mother will
wear thom for a generation or so, and
then turn them over to her daughter.
This most useful cloth can ho mado In
gray, crimson, purple nnd blue, and
doubtless by next May, when tho mills
In England will be completed, It will
bo found possible to dye tho cloth black
and brown. The variety of colors will
mako tho material adaptable equally
to tho meu and to tho women.
(lomrnor of Xrgrox Islitiid.
Colonel Charles W, Miner of tho
Sixth Infantry, whom General MacAr
thur has Just mado military governor
of tho Island of Negros, has been In
command of the Sixth ever slnco the
battle of San Juan Hill, excepting a
little tlmo before tho regiment eniled
for tho Orient.
Count Tolstoi has completed a new'
play called "The Corpse."
11 -memmmmmmimmmmmmmmmn
j The New Cup Defender
Thomas W. Lawson, Boston's "cop
per king" and turfman and owner of
tho 930,000 Mr. Lawson carnation,
hns declared his Intention of building
yacht, tho cost of which will be be
tween $150,000 and $200,000, which If
to defend America's reputation In
THOMAS W.
boating circles. Lawson is 41 years
old and is a Cambridgo man by birth,
with a remarkable record. When ho
was 12 years old ho left homo and went
to work for n Boston banker at $3 n
week. Ho worked Just one day when
his parents put him back to school.
Five days later ho returned to the
bank, only to bo recovered again af
ter ono day by his parents. In. ten
SLAIN IN SUDAN.
llodlcs of Two Trench. Explorers, Killed
In 1807, Aro Itronvored.
Over three years ngo tho French ex
plorers Ballly and Pnuly, started from
tho Interior of the French Sudan for
tho Ivory coast on tho Gulf of Guinea.
Thoy had been exploring tho complete
ly unknown region northeast of Li
beria and had decided to make a long
Inland Journey southward and to
cntch a steamer for homo on tho Ivory
coast. They never reached their des
tination and many months elapsed be
fore their fato was ascertained. They
were murdered by members of the
Toma tribe, who chose to regard tho
explorers as enemies.
A whllo ago this fact wna C3certalncd
from a chief who had served under
tho Sultan Samory. He had lived In
the Toma country and knew of tho
massacre. When Samory fell Into tho
hands of the French Kunady-Keleba
tho chief who had served him entered
tho employ of tho French nrid they sent
him to tho Toma country to recover,
if possible, tho bodies of the murdered
men. On May 8 last, ho returned to
tho French frontlor with tho skeletons
of tho ill-fated explorers. Tho bodies
wero carried in a heavy iron box and
among tho carriers wero a considerable
number of the Toma trlbo. Captain
Basset went with an escort of 'twenty
artillerymen to escort the bodies to
the vlllago of Boylu. Thero n guard
was placed over the bodies for tho
night and In tho morning thoy were
Identified as those of tho murdered
men. Tho ceremony when the bodies
wero burled wns mado as impressive a3
possible. Tho Tomns promised over
tho grave that they would never ngaln
kill whlto men. Now Kunady-Kclcba
has been made tho ruler of tho Toma
country, which has been taken under
the authority of tho French govern
ment. New York Sun.
ALARM CLOCKS.
Declarod to IIhto ICiiIiiiiiI 801110 Mua
villliie XorvcH.
The latest objection urged against
boarding nnd lodging houses Ih that
one Is likely, to be awakened at any
moment In them In tho early morn
ing that is, by tho wild, excited whir
of an alarm clock.. Ono youth who
has apartments In nn uptown domlcllo
and who docs not have to arise until
Into, has a list of grievances against
this useful article that ho retails
whenever ho can get nny ono to listen.
Every morning, he declares, ho Is
nrouscd at G by a terrific ringing right
back of the headboard of his bed, a
ringing that would rouso tho seven
sleepers from their slumbers. Thnt's
tho nwakenor of his neighbor In tho
rear, who's a commission man, and
must bo down town betimes, nnd faith
fully It docs Its duty, says tho Balti
more News. Tho man utters Improper
language when It hns spun Itself out
to a length thnt Indicates tho alarm
spring Is ns long ns that in a Wator
bury watch, then snuggles down and
goes to sleep again. In half 1111 hour
ho Is aroused by a ferocious sputt. r
from above. Tliat't the clock of tho
boarder overhead, which rejoices In a
patent attachment that mnken It sound
like an nngry and Infantile fox terrier
yelping. Tho man says moro lmpropsr
things nt tills and It takes him a full
twenty minutes to compose his nerves
sufliclcntly to go to sleep again.
At 7 o'clock a hoarse, choking sound
13 heard to the left. This Is tho voice
dayB ho wns back nt tho bank, nnd
this tlmo the banker persuaded tho
parents to let tho boy work. Thrco
hours every dny ho devoted to study
bo In tlmo became n well educated
man. Whllo still In his teens ho be
gan to write for tho newspapers, bo-
LAWSON.
came n flnancinl writer nnd nchlcved a
marked success In this Held. Mr. Law
son before ho wns twenty years old
was worth $00,000 but lost It. Before
ho was 30 he had mado and lost sev
eral fortunes, nnd It Is commonly re
ported on tho street that ten' yenrs
ngo ho couldn't have raised $100. To
day ho can "buy and sell" most of tho
brokers In Boston.
of tho alarm clock owned by tho small
teacher who occupies tho hall room.
It's a clock with peripatetic tendencies
and as It rouaes tho neighborhood with
Its voice he can hear It running around
on her bureau at a great rate. By thti
tlmo tho man Is so thoroughly awaks
that tho warning of his own clock
Isn't needed nnd ut Its ilrst note ho
seizes it and plunges It beneath tho
bedclothes so that tho people In tho
houso who havo not already been
awakened may enjoy their slumbers
undisturbed. Tho hero of this story
mcdltntes a crusado against tho board
ing house alarm clock, but Just when
ho will commence It ho refuses to atate.
His nerves aro a wreck bccauso of it,
ho declares, so perhaps ho has reascn
to preach.
FOSS, OF ILLINOIS.
One of the young men In congress
who hns been gradually rising to dis
tinction nnd who hns reached I1I3 goal
at this session Is Georgo E. Foss, of
Illinois, who takes tho placo at tho
head of tho Naval Affairs Committee
mado vacant by tho resignation of
Boutcllo of Maine, whose mind Is
clouded nnd who, if ho ever returns to
the House, will bo unablo to tako ths
GEORGE B. FOSS.
active part In leglshitlvo affairs which
ho once filled. Mr. Foss, who Is 3'.
ycxrs old, entered congress with a fine
reputation as a public speaker and en
hanced It by hla masterly efforts In
debate. Ho mado naval affairs 0
specialty, secured a placo on that com
mltteo and by travel, study and ob
servation becamo better acquainted
with tho sea-flghtlng equipment of this
country than nny other man In the
Houso, excoptlng, perhaps, Boutelle.
I.mly Ilnpulfiiiii'H ArcoiiiplMiiiifMitn.
Lady Ilopetoun waB n daughter o
Lord and Lndy Vcntry, nnd married
Ixjrd Ilopetoun, now govornor general
of tho commonwealth of Australia, In
1880. Ah Miss Hers?y do Moleyns
sho wns already known a& a daring and
graceful horsowomnn. and although as
Lady Hopntoun she by no means neg
lects tho duties of her position, It Is
well known that her greatest pleasure
Is her early morning ride with hor hus
band's harrlors when In Scotland. Be
sides being n goad hoisowomnn she
Is a capital whip and her team of four
tiny "Sheltlcs" In hard to beat. Lady
Hopntoun has two sons Lord IIopo nnd
Charles Molbourno Hope. The latter
owes I1I3 second name to tho fnct ol
his having been born during hla fa
ther's term of ofllco as governor of Vic
toria, from 1S89 to 1895.
CALIFORNIA'S GOLD.
INTERESTING REMINISCENCES
OF '40.
Narrated by nn Old Timer, Who rmsort
Through Thoio Day or I'evorUh Kx
cltcment Tho First HtniiipcdoIIaw
the Newt of tho Discovery Hpread.
Ono of tho few survivors who wa3
intimately connected with tho discov
ery of gold in California Is Rodney D.
Adams, who lives near Santa Barbara,
nnd whoso reminiscences of thnt time
nro very Interesting. Mr. Adnma was
employed ns buss vaqucro by Cnpt.
John A. Sutter, who wan then building
n saw mill and flour mill on tho north
fork of tho Amcrlcnn river at what Is
now Coloma, El Dorado county. The
man In charge of tho construction wns
James Marshall, tho discoverer of
gold.
Dlsrorcry of fluid.
Ono nftcmoon In February, 1348,
says Mr. Adnms, I rodo into tho camp
of workmen nt Sutter's mill and wns
told In Bccrct by Marshall that ho had
found flvo nuggctf. of gold. MnrBhall
RODNEY D. ADAMS,
had no Idea then of tho importance of
his discovery nnd so llttlo did tho find
ing of tho gold affect either of us that
bath of us went to bed In the same
room nt an early hour and olept Bountl
ly during tho night. Marshall caution
ed mo to keep tho gold And n secret
until we had tlmo to go and hunt nug
gctB by ourselves. But Marshall was
loquacious nnd ho himself bragged
about his find. Five days' later several
MoxlcauH brought In more nuggets.
Then tho Mormons, who wero working
for Sutter nnd Mnrshall found gold,
and tho Importance of tho And In
creased n llttlo In tho minds of Mar
shall and all of us at tho Coloma
camp. A few years later, whon tho
world's commorcc was turned, as
Lord Derby said, by the gold discov
ery In California, and when over 300,
000 young men from nil over tho civil
ized world had flocked to California
and had mado a now civilization out
hero, 1 wondered how wo could havo
been so blind nt first to tho meaning of
tho first nuggets that James Marshall
casually picked up that February
morning In tho mill rnco nt Colomn.
Why, it wns about ton days before
Marshall thought tho find Justified his
reporting It to Cnpt. Suttor, who was
at his homo placo and ranch head
quarters, known ns Sutter's Fort,
nbout thlrty-flvo miles northwest. Tho
nows did not get down to San Frnn
clsco, nbout 150 miles away, until thrco
months later. Capt. Sutter said when
tho gold was shown him, "Yes, that's
gold, nnd it will bo tho curso of us,"
meaning that it wan tho end of tholr
schemes for n big enw mill nnd flour
mill along the Amerlcnn river.
fiprrnil or tlio Nuws.
But another week passed before tho
belief becamo general nt Snn Frnnclsco
thnt back In tho mountains gold had
nctualy been found. I remombcr that
educated men argued thnt tho geologi
cal formation of tho Sierras mado tho
finding of gold there nn absurdity.
Somo said tho golden flakes exhibited
wero Iron pyrites, nnd othcrB laughed
and said thoy wero from a copper
formation. Tho San Francisco Star
pitied pcoplo who could bellovo thero
was gold onough In Cnllfomla to buy
oven n rcspcctablo meal.
A week later on May 12, I believe
a Scotch ranchman enmo riding Into
San Francisco directly from tho dig
gings. Ho wns nn Intelligent nnd repu
table man. Ho brought with him about
200 pounds of gold dust and nuggets
to trade for merchandise. Then thero
was excitement nnd bustle. All thnt
day and night tho saloons wero throng
ed with men who talked of nothing but
tho chances thero might bo for them in
mining.
The enrliest stampedo of excited men
to tho gold diggings of California
therefore began on May 13, 1848. I
remember that day In San Francisco.
Tho whole population of tho town did
not sleep and scarcely took tlmo to
cnt until the first crowd had ombarkod
on nil manner of crafts up tho river to
whut Is now Stockton, thnnco ncross
tho country to tho north fork of the
Amerlcnn river.
HfMirchllgliU mi tlio K11110I1.
Even tho western cowboy has como
under tho spell of tho electric power,
nnd a ranch In lower California anil
Mexico is to utllizo n local water power
for tho generation of electricity, for
lighting, harvesting, pumping, etc. Tho
chief innovation will bo thn use of
searchlights on thn mountains over
looking tho ranch to prevent cattlo
raids. Tho operator of each light will
bo sultubly armed with long rnngo
weapons nnd provided with a slgnnl
codo by which ho enn flash Information
to tho other watchers. A telophono
Byfltem, embracing nil portions of the
10,000 acres, will bo another convenient
method of raising an alarm.
QUEER CHINESE WAYS,
Compulsory Contention by n Eerlon of
Tortnrts.
Justlco ns obtained In tho Chtne&o
courts Is a farce. A caso occurred
whllo tho writer was In China In which
a Chinese judge, Bitting with an Eng
lish magistrate, declared that ho was
obliged to give Judgment ngolnBttho
ovldenco or he should lose his appoint
ment! Tho crlmlnnl law of China
provides that nn offender can only bo
punished If ho confesses hU guilt, nnd
If ho Is tnrdy In conforming to this
condition ho la compelled to confession
by a series of tortures of tho most
painful and nwful character. Super
stition la rlfo from end to end of tlio
Innd and leads to cruelty and brutality
of tho worst description. Tho system
of "squeczo" nnd extortion which oxIsIb
throughout the cast is found In so ag
gravated n form In China that it stifles
cntcrpriso and prevents oxpnn&tan of
trade nnd leaves tho masses of tho pco
plo barely with tho necessaries of llfo.
whllo their superiors In position be
como wealthy by corrupt accumulation.
This system of "squeeze," of course,
applies to tho question of rnllwny con
struction. Ono of tho most Intelligent
Chinamen tho writer met In Shanghai
offered him a concession for n railway
from Pckln to Chlngklang, tho fore
most condition being that tho sum of
120,000 in cash should bo paid to a
leading government official nt tho cut
ting of tho first sod. As a further Il
lustration It mny bo pointed out that
out of the 13 railway concessions' al
ready supposed to bo granted (extend
ing nbout 3.G00 miles) not ono hnB ns
yet been commenced. Capital punish
ment prevails to nn extent few pcoplo
hnvo any Idea of In this country. An
importnnt Russian official tho writer
met on his wny from Pokln stated that,
ono of his countrymen had been mur
dered in Mnnchurln by a Chinaman.
They wished to punish him in Biich n
way and nt such a plnce aB would con
vey tho strongest warning to othera.
but they found thnt It would bo use
less to executo him In his native town,
as no less than 2,000 persons had ended
their liven In this way In tho previous
12 months! Emerson Balnbrldgc, M.
P., in tho Contemporary Review.
THE APRON FAD.
A 1'lnaforo Ilnom linking In Dnmo
Fnshlon'a Ilnnlm.
Thoro is n rago Just now among
fnshlonnblo ladles for tho wearing of
aprons as an adjunct to n toilet, it
Is n fad, howovcr, for ladles to mako
aprons Instead of laco or linen om
broidcry. Tho origin of tho fad is
traced to Lady Cornwallls-Wcat, who,
as Iidy Randolph Churchill, had ono
to nurso tho sick nnd wounded soldiers
on tho hospital ship Maine. Her Indi
vidual outfit of aprons for nursing ubo
la nald to havo created tho Btyle,. from
tho fnct that thoy hod a peculiar at
tractiveness for the heroes. Here,
though wo havo no sick soldiers to
charm to health, tho npron has taken
hold ns an Indispensable finish to a
breakfast gown. Hostesses nnd guests
como to tho dining tnblo with theso
dainty plastrons of silk, nwlss, linen or
lnco, olabnratoly wrought. To havo
this fnshlon correct tho npron must
bo homo mado. Historic wardrobes
support designs for these. For in
stance, thero Is tho slmplo Colonial
Damo'B npron of pink and whlto check
ered glnghnm; another 1b tho fac
simile of tho Marguorlto apron worn
by Cnlvo In "Fnust,," nnd another
Is n Mmio Antoinette copy. Drawn
work of embroidery Is tho most gen
oral ornamentation for tho present,
apron. , 1
DAVIS' SUCCESSOR. ,
Tho vacancy In the United States
sounto created by tho death of Cush
man K. Davis of Minnesota, has boon
tilled by tho appointment of Charlcf.' A.
Towno, tho silver-tongued, sllvor-llned
and sllvcr-coated cx-congi'cssman who
wns tho Populist candidate for vlco
prcsldcnt nnd who withdraw after tho
nomination of Adlal E. Stevenson by
CHARLES A. TOWNE.
tho Democrats. Mr. Towno Is well
equipped for senatorial service, having
hocomo familiar with Washington llfo
during his Hervico in tho Fifty-fourth
congress. Silver had no moro nrdunt
champion than tho lawyer-editor from
Minnesota nnd his devotion to the
whlto metal cost him n ro-clcctlon. Ho
left tho Republican pnrty in 189G, und
with tho exception of Brynn has prob
ably dollvercd moro speeches for silver
than nny other man. He Is n Michigan
man by birth but hns lived In Minne
sota a dozen years. His service In tho
eennto will not ho long, no tho legisla
ture which mcots this month will elect
n Republican to succeed him, Towno'
appointment Is from tho governor and
Is only temporary.
Edgar Urchin, tho youngest son of
the fnmous German naturalist, is dead
nt tho ago of G5, With him tho fam
ily has becomo extinct.