SOCIETY AT THE CAPITAL.
Marguerite Matthews In Now England
Homo Magazine.
Ono of tho most remarkable things
about society at tho National Capital
1b tho fact that an ofllclal social code
is operative for tho guldanco of tho
principal officers of tho government
and their wives nt social and diplomat
ic functions. It Is a thing which tha
ordinary everyday mortal can scarce
ly concelvo of, and yet It Is true, nev
ertheless. For years this deficiency
caused endless controversy and worry
In diplomatic and ofllclal ltfo, and at
various times, there was correspond
ence between tho United States and
other countries, to say nothing of dis
agreements between members of tho
Cabinet and high officials generally.
In the administration of President
Harrison tho Secretary of Stato, Mr.
Foster, had prepared for his own guld
anco by a clerk of tho Stato Depart
ment from tho best established prcco-
MISS ISABELLE
A Lcador at Washington
dents, a guide, as authoritative as pos
sible, to propor ofllclal conduct In
Washington functions. This memo
randum, though incomplete, was used
by Mr. nnd Mrs. Foster, and was hand
ed to Mr. Olnoy when Mr. Clovoland
camo Into power. Mr. Olnoy declined
to havo It mado public, and although
ho himself used it tor his own informa
tion, ho refused to glvo it official rec
ognition. And yet, thcro Is no really
official sanction to thlsisot of rulos, but
they havo been followed for eight or
ton jcars by tho vnrlous Secretaries of
Stato, and thus, by usage, claim the
right to official recognition.
Shortly after President McKluloy
camo into power there uroso a con
troversy between tho lato Vlco Presi
dent Hobart and Sir Julian Paunco
foto, tho British Ambassador, as to
which of them preceded tho other at
social and diplomatic functions. Tho
argument becamo so heated that. Sec
retory Hay received a personal let
ter from Mr. McKtnloy asking him to
obtain from tho proper English au
thorities a definition of tho stand
ing and rank of Sir Julian from tho
point of view of the social authori
ties of his own government. It de
veloped that tho Ilrltlsh authorities
did not consider Sir Julian's conten
tion propor, and a nolo was dispatch
ed to him with tho result that
next morning tho Ambassador called
upon the Vlco President at his homo,
and tho matter was amicably Bottled
Under President Clovoland tho
Vlco President, Stovonson, declined
to assert his prerogative, and when
tho men met tho Vlco President gavo
way. Thero wob much correspond
ence, and tho matter was finally com
proiinccd. At tho houso of a foreign
or tho Secretary of Stato took nrcco
deneo at dinners' and at tho houso of
an American tho highest foreign ofllc
ial had tho placo ofiionor.
It Is interesting to know that tho
codo of official prccodency nt present
used in Washington Is based mainly
upon an act of Congress, approved Jan
19, 1806, providing for tho succession
in tho -event of tho disability of both
tho President and Vlco President of tho
United States.
Tho order of precedonco Is aB fol
lows: Tho Presldont, tho Vlco Presl
dent, Ambassadors of foreign Powors
In tho order of their formal recognl
tlon by the government, tho Secrotary
of State, tlio Secretary of War, tho
Attorney General, tho Postmaster Gen
eral', tho Secretaries of Navy, Interior
nnd Agrlculturo, tho Chief Justice of
the United States, tho Assoclato Jus
ttces in order of appointment, tho Gov
ernors or the States of tho Union in
order of their admission, and so on
through tho list of Senators and Rep
reseatatives, in order of their election
down to tho Assistant Secretaries of
tho various departments, In tho samo
order as heads of departments.
Tho ordor of precedence for ladles of
tho ofllclal circlo Is tho samo as that
provided for tho officials themselves.
In enscs where tho officials are unmar
ried their nearest relative, should sho
prcsldo over tho household, has by
courtesy tho prccedcnco which would
be given tho wlfo of tho offlclnl. At
functions given by tho ofllclals of for
eign Governments at the Capital the
wlfo of tho Secretary of Stato takes
prcccdenco over tho wives of Ambas
sadors, Including tho wlfo of tho Dean
of tho Diplomatic Corps.
Custom docs not require that the wlfo
of tho President should return official
calls, except In tho caso of visiting
royalty. Sho may limit her calls to
personal friends. It Is expected that
tho wives of foreign Ambassadors
should make tho first official call upon
DU BOIS. .
Society Functions.
MISS MARIE BAGLEY.
(Sister of tho lato Ensign Worth Bagloy, Promtnont In Washington Social
Gatho rings.)
tho wlfo of tho Vlco President. This
is also true In tho case of tho wives of
tho Assoclato Justices of tho Supremo
Court, tho wlv.es of mombers of tho
Cabinet, of Senators and Representa
tives, as woll as tho wife of tlio Major
General commanding tho army.
Conversely social etiquette has do
crecd that tho wives of Representa
tives Bhould make the first cnll upon
tho wlvca of Senators, ns well as upon
tlio wives of mombers of tho Cabinet,
of Foreign Ministers, tho wlfo of the
Chief Justice of tho Assoclato Justices,
tho wlfo of tho Major General com
manding tho army, and tho wlfo of tho
Admiral of (ho Navy. The wife of a
newly electol Representative to Con-
grcss makes tho Initial call upon the
wives of tho Representatives already
in office.
WOLVES AND DEARS
That Inhabited the Yellowstone VnrU, as
Seen by a Traveler.
Ernest Scton Thompson, the author
and naturalist, gavo some thrilling
stories of animal ltfo in his talk on
"Somo Animals I Have Known," tho
other night at tho Pcabody Instltuto,
in tho course of lectures given by tho
Public School Teachers' Association.
An Interesting part of tho address was
tho lecturer's imitation of tho calls and
cries of tho different animals. Mr.
Thompson told somo of tho comedies
and tho tragedies, tod, of animal llfo.
Ono of tho latter was tho story of
"Noblo," tho king of tho pack of wolves
who for five years wore supremo In a
section of New Mexico! Noble resisted
every effort to kill or capture him.
Poisoned bait, traps, had no affect on
him, but at last ho wna brought low
MRS. SENATOR MARTIN OF VIRGINIA.
Another Leader in Capital Society.
through his affection for his little gid
dy mato, who wimdored around and
got caught in a trap. Whllo search
ing for her ho was caught himself. All
night long ho called, but sho did not
come. Food and drink wero placod
near him, after ho had boon taken from
tho trap. Ho refused thorn and died,
It Is bollovod, of his grlof for tho loss
of his mato. Several Interesting
stories wore told of Mr. Thompson's
special friends, tho boars In tho Vol
lowstono Park. To study them moro
closely, Mr. Thompson wont to tho
gathering placo of tho band, tho gar
bage dump near ono of the hotels. The
bears were rather shy, and romatned
away at too great a dlstanco for satis
factory study. So ho took tho rather
novel method of seeing them at shorter
range by digging a hole In tho dump,
setting his camera and his sketch
books squarely on somo old cracker
boxes and then covering himself again
with tho refuse. In this maloJorous
holo ho remained all day. Ho took
several pictures, made a number of
sketches of tho bears who camo to
feast on tho remnants of canned goods
and other delicacies found In tho dump.
Ho watched with much Interest and
somo anxiety a "scrap" between a
mother bear and a big grizzly. Mr.
Thompson was entirely unarmed.
Whllo tho fight was going on tho lit
tle cub apparently o typical soro
head was watching tho fight from a
placo of safety In a treo. The branch
to which ho hung was directly over
Mr. Thompson's hole. If It had brokon
Mr. Thompson would have not been
alono In his retreat. The grizzly bear
got the better in tho fight nnd tho
mother bear and tho cub withdrew. Tho
samo grizzly went too near tho hotel
ono day and attempted to take pos
session. Ono of tho attendants tele
phoned to headquarters for permission
to shoot tho animal the law ngalnst
shooting tho animals In tho parks Is
rigidly enforced. Thq answer came
back, "Against tho law to shoot. Use
a hose." Tho hoso was used. Tho
bear retreated.
SYLVESTER ABEND.
A I'rctty'Cmtom Observed In Ilerlln to
Welcome In tlio New Year.
It was with much pleasant anticipa
tion wo awalfd tho approach of "Syl
vester Abend," a3 they call Now Year's
ovo In Germany. About 10 o'clock, sup
per being ended.wo all adjourned to the
pnrlor, whoro they danced until almost
midnight. Then refreshments wero
served. Theso consisted of queer little
cakes mado especially for the holiday
season.apples, nuts and Derllner pfan-
Kuchon, which aro perfectly delicious.
Tho latter look llko largo hrown
doughnuts coverod with sugar: on
opening them they nre found to ho
filled with Jam. Our Christmas treo
was relighted, having, been furnished
with now candles. The ringing of the
bolls announced tho beginning of tho
Now Year. Guns wero flred. and from
tho church lofts bugles Bounded, La
tor all tho windows wero flung wldo
open, and standing within them tho
people hold up their glasses and yelled
out, "Prosit Noujahr" to every ono
who passed by. People on tho street
called In to us; oven tho Droschky
coachmen, as they drove by, called out
"Prosit Noujahr." Of all tho protty
customs In Germany I thought this
tho prettiest. Not only to your friends
do you wish a happy now year, but to
all. At a window In the house oppo
site stood a lady dressed In white; be
hind her was tho brightly lighted room
with Its Christmas tree. Smiling and
holding up her glass sho called over
to us, "Prosit Noujahr." Never again
did I see tho lady of that houso, but a
pleasant recollection of her nlways lin
gers in my mind. Bessie Burnslde, In
tho January Woman's Homo Com
panlou.
Scarlet Fever Shun the Trnploj.
A medical paper directs attention to
the curious fact thatscarlct fever has
never been observed In an epidemic
form In tho tropical or sub-troplcnl re
gions of Asia or Africa.
Tlio Bait of the Ocean,
Tho ocean, it is estimated, contains
7,000,000 cubic miles of salt, nnd If It
could bo taken out at onco tho level of
tho water would not drop an Inch,
LABOR AND INDUSTRY
SOME ITEMS OF INTEI1EST TO
UNION WORKMEN.
The Bilk Inilmtrr Why We Cantint
rrodace Itarr Bilk Where tho Negro
Find an Opening Tho Italian! Are
Coming Industrial Notts.
Home, Swret Homo,
(Old Favorite Series.)
"Home, Sweet Home," was written by
John Howard Payr.c, one dreary day In
October, 1822, In Turin, far from Ills own
home, and In poor Ircumstances. Payne
was born In Now York City, June 9. 1792,
nnd was designed by his father for a
mercantile career, but he abandoned com
merce nnd became an actor. Ho contin
ued to act In different parts of tho coun
try, and was llkowlso a. contributor to
New York papers and Journal. He went
to London to try for a favorable verdict
from a HrltUh audience. Thero he met
for a tlmo with success; but ho soon
abandoned the stage nnd took to writing
or adapting plays, "Home, Sweet Homo"
appeared In one of these plays, nn oper
atic drama called, "Clnrl, the Maid of
Milan," and when sung at tho covent
Garden Theater by Miss Ann Maria Treo
tn 1823 nt oiico took Its place ns the most
popular song of the day. Nor has Its
popularity ever shown sign of diminish
ing. The nlr Is usually regarded ns an
adaptation of a Sicilian one, which had
appeared In n collection of national melo
dies published home years before; but
Mr. Charles M Helens', tho poet, In a com
munication to the press somo years ago,
stated that tho composer whs Sir Henry
nisiiop. Sir Henry wan the editor or tno
volumes of national melodies referred to,
nnd not being nblc to find a Sicilian one,
ho wrote one himself, nnd called It Si
cilian : and subsequently adapted It to
the words of "Homo, Sweet Home." As
Mr. Mnckay's Information wns obtained
from Sir Henry himself, his statemont
must be regarded ns conclusive.
John Howard Payne returnod to tho
United States In 1S32, nnd was employed
as n writer on the press and a play
writer, until he was appointed United
States Consul nt Tunis', whore ho died In
1652. Thirty years later his remains wero
removed to Oak cemetery, Washington,
where they now rest. Tho song us It ap
peared in the play consisted of but two
stanzas, and as usually sung Includes
them only (the first and third) aj given
below.
Mid pleasures and palaces though we
may roam.
Dc It ever so humble, there's no place llko
home:
A charm from the sklos seems to hallow
us there.
Which, reek thro' tho world, Is no'er met
with elsewhere.
Home, home, sweet, sweet home,
There's no place like homo,
Oh, there's no place llko home.
I gaze In the moon as I tread tho drear
wild.
And feel that my mother now thinks of
her child;
As she looks on that moon from our own
cottage door.
Thro' the woodbine whoso fragrance shall
cheer me no more.
Home, home, sweet, sweet homo,
There's no place like home.
Oh, there's no place UUo home.
An exile from home, splendor dazzles In
vnln:
Oh, give mo my lowly thatched cottago
again:
The btrdB singing gaily, that came at my
call:
Give mo them, nnd that peace of mind,
nearer than all.
Home, home, sweet, sweet home,
There's no place llko home.
Oh, there's no placo like homo.
The 811k Indnstrjr.
Today the United States makes 85
per cent of tho silk It consumes. Do
mestic products supply tho whole mar
ket except that for tho finest products
of tho hand loams of France and Swit
zerland. Imports of raw and spun silk
for the last fiscal year wero 10,500,000
pounds, valued at ?32,735,4G4. Tho
raw silk comes from Franco, Italy,
Austria, Spain, China, Japan, India,
and tho Levant. It is In hanks or
twists of tho filament as It has boon
reeled from the cocoons. Bach thread
of thcze skeins Is composed of flvo of
tho original filaments, cemented into
ono by tho hardening of tho gummy
envelope of the filaments after theso
leavo the basins of warm water In
which the cocoons are put to bo un
wound. Tho preparation of the silk
for tho looms Is called throwing, and
this consists of about n dozon distinct
operations. The first of these Is put
ting tho twist of raw silk on a reel
and winding It off upon spools, turn by
turn. Then comes tho combining and
twisting of the filaments into threads
of various kinds. An Idea of the in
tricacy and labor Involved In Just this
part of tho operation may be gathered
from tho fact that a thread of ordinary
sewing silk contains about 200 fila
ments of tho silk as the worm spun It,
Every part of theso operations must
either be dono by hand or watchod
continuously, for tho silk thread is
built up entirely of continuous flla
ments. Although tho silk throwing,
spinning and weaving muls form tno
foundation of tho Industry In this
country, and their products for this
year will probably amount to $100,
000,000 or more, this Is by no means
tho whole of tho benefit which tho
country derives from them nor the ex
tent to which they glvo occupation to
workmen or capitalists. Around this
central Industry cluster thoso of tho
dyer, printer nnd finisher, the makers
of machinery, tho dealers In raw silk
and In the manufactured goods uml
many cognato businesses. How much
theso all represent tn capital and
hands employed It would be difficult to
estimate, but In the various direct In
dustries of producing ribbons, broad
goods, sowing silks and twist, tlo silks,
hat bands, knit goods and laces,
fringes, braids und trimmings, some
thing llko ?20,000,000 Is now invested,
nnd closo to 100,000 hands aro employ
ed. Rough speaking, about 50 per
cent In value of tho silk product is In
broad goods, 25 por cent in ribbons and
perhaps 10 per cojit In sewing silks and
twists, loavlng 15 per cont for the
varied products of tho other factories
No attempts to rear the silk worm
and produce raw silk have boon flnan
dally successful In tho United States.
Silk, from tho first branch of Its pro
ductlon, is essentially prodigal of labor
and an article of luxury. It Is do
clarcd by an export that It takwi mora
time to build a spool of silk twist
than it does to build a modern locomo
tive, and during much of this tlmo
eomo one's hands must be employed
In the operations. It Is tho amount of
tlmo usod In ratelng and tending tho
silk worms and reeling off tho fila
ments of tho cocoons that has defeated
each attempt to introduce silk raising
as nn Industry lu this country, and
will probably conttnuo to defeat Its
successful Introduction. Of lato Penn
sylvania has become a great sllk-
wcavlng stato, manufacturers at tho
original centers having found It desir
able to scatter tholr plants, In order
to moro readily obtain girl and child
labor at low wages. Today, of the 861
establishments In tho country, Now
Jorsey has 257, New York 228, and
Pennsylvania 172, but In tho list of
looms and spindles required for tho
equipment of now mills In 1S03 Penn
sylvania led with 1,255 looms out of a
total of 2,340, and 27,000 spindles out of
a total of 63,000, and there aro silk fac
tories In moro than fifty Pennsylvania
towns.
Another field whero silk manufac
turing may become nn important in
dustry Is Just being exploited by a Now
York city house. Within a month or
two a mill has been put In operation
In Fayettevllle, N. C, by the Ashley &
Bailey Manufacturing Company, in
which It Is their Intention to uso young
negro labor exclusively. Tho mill has
been provided with compotent toachors
and already from seventy-flvo to 100
hands aro at work, led by tho first pu
pil, a jMung negro nroachor. Tho pro
jectors of tho enterprise bellovo that
tho young peoplo of tho negro race aro
well adapted to acquiring the manual
dexterity needed for silk handling, and
If this proves true thoy will go on and
build other mills as hands become
available. Tho present mill will em
ploy 350 hands nnd will do spinning
nnd broad-silk weaving.
The Italian Aro Coining,
Mr. T. V. Powdcrly, Federal Immi
gration commissioner, looks forward to
a trcmondoii3 Influx of foreigners this
year. During tho fiscal year ending,
Juno 30, 1899, there arrived 311,715, oC
these, nearly 100,000 were from South
ern Europe, and the increaso among
Italians in 1898 was 20,000. This year
it promises to bo even greater. In tho
last annual report of tho New York
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Commis
sioner McMackln makes, and quotes
from othor sources, somo interesting
matter on immigration, and also com
ments of trades unions on tho effect
which this enormous increaso to out
foreign-born population has on wages.
Commissioner McMackln says: "To
economic reasons in general may be
attributed tho large immigration of re
cent years. Tho Improved facilities
nowadays for transportation across
tho ocean mako it an easy matter for
peoplo to change their homes. The
foreign agents of steamship companies
have induced thousands to Immigrate
through their alluring advertisements
to the effect that employment was
steadier here, with more remunerative
wages; that lands wero cheaper and
tho opportunities for procuring homes
were far better than in auy other coun
try." Mr. Joseph Powderly, a member
of the Federal commission, which, la
189J, investigated tho causes of emigra
tion from Europe, said in his report to
tho Secretary of tho Treasury: "Tho
swamps of Florida, tho mountainous
region and alkali beds of tho West anrt
Northwest look as woll on paper as
If made up of tho most fertile lands;
and when tho exceedingly low price ot
theso lands Is advertised, it need not
be wondered nt that tho tldo of emigra
tion to tho United States becomes more
rapid and swollen. On reaching tho
United States and discovering tho real
nature of the swindle, thero Is only ono
thing for the emigrant to do turn to
tho already crowded manufacturing
center to look for employment."
Industrial Notes.
Philadelphia has 193 trado .unions.
St. Paul (Minn.) employing painters
favor a shorter workday.
Chicago electrical mechanics will de
mand ?4 per day after tho first of
April.
Twolvo hundred clgarmakers In Bos
ton, Mass., huvo struck for higher
wages.
Louisville, Ky union carpenters
havo secured an advance of thirty
rents per day for tho year 1900.
Nearly all tho 'national trades union
organizations roport largo increases
lu membership during January.
An Increase of twelvo per cent in
tho wages of 400 weavers in tho laco
mills of Wllkcsbarre, Prv, Is an
nounced. South Carolina cotton weavers who
went to Pawtucket, R. I., refused to go
to work when they found they wero
wanted to take tho place of strlkors.
Tho Berwlno-Whlto Coal Company,
of eastern Pennsylvania, has announc
ed an Increase in the wages of its 30,
000 employes, to go ito effect April 1.
Tho shipbuilding yards In San Fran
cisco and Pugct Sound are so crowded
with work that many ownors havo
been forced to send orders for vessels
to England.
Tho Bricklayers' union of Denver,
Col., has notified the contractors that
they will demand 62 cents nn hour
nnd tho eight-hour day and n Saturday
half holiday.
Tho Philadelphia United Labor
League will employ an agent to pro
cure evldcnco of violations of tho city
eight-hour lnw by contractors and oth
ers doing municipal work.
Wants to do Ahrontl.
Jonea "Dear mel Why aren't you
for expansion T" Johnson "Because
I don't want to stay at home all the
tlmo! It wo keep on expanding there
won't be any 'abroad' to go to.'V
Konsas City lBdpndtst
T
