BURIED CITIES, LAYER UPON LAYER!
Rev. J. L Thomas Describes the Interesting Discoveries Made
by Recent Explorations in Palestine.
Tho search for the hidden archaeolo
gical treasures of tho Holy hand goes
on with unflagging energy and with
tho earnest support of tho sultan,' who,
so far from opposing tho work that
Christians are prosecuting In his ter
ritory, regards them with favor. Slnco
tho Issue of tho last firman, tho agents
of tho Palcstlno exploration fund have
continued with fresh vim tho work
that they havo bo succeaifully carried
on during tho past fow years. Their
explorations havo proved conclusively
tho Important fact that a great mound
that has been under cultivation for
centuries and which Is called Toll-ol-Hcsy,
Is Identical with tho Amorlte
city of Lnchlsh. Dr. Hllss has demon
strated that ToIl-el-Hcsy consists of
tho dehrls of several cities, many times
destroyed and rebuilt. The first town
was built, It has been proved, as long
as 2000 1). C., and tho last It Is sup
posed was erected In tho fourth cen
tury beforo the birth of Christ.
Tho remains of some nlno cities In
all exist between the first and tho
last, each town having for Its founda
tions the ruins of tho one which Imme
diately preceded It on the same site.
All traces of tho city last erected had
been long obliterated when tho explor
ers commenced their excavations on
tho mound, tho only ovldonco thut the
spot was onco tho alto of a town being
an occasional stray potsherd tumel
up by tho hoo or plowshare of a farm
er. Tho round knoll known as Tell-el-Hcsy
hail for centuries been under
cultivation, and ono of tho prelimin
aries to excavation on the slto was tho
purchase of tho crops with which It
was covered.
Then tho remains of tho various ci
ties wore unearthed.ono after tho othor.
It was found that tho houses were
built of sun-dried bricks, still used In
the cast, being blocks of mud held to
gether by chopped straw. Dr. Miss
prepared claborato plans and meas
urements of eight of tho cities, tho
buildings and rooms of which woro
well defined nnd easily traced, but ho
recognized as many as eloven cities In
nil. It Is believed that n layer of
charcoal dust and whlto llmo, found
near tho bottom, which Is regarded as
tho mystory of tho toll, represents tho
burning of the city by the Isrnolltos.
Tho cxcavntlons brought to light n
most Interesting rollc In tho ruins of
tho third city. It Is a tablet of burnt
clay, measuring 2V& Inches by two
Inches, similar to tho celebrated Toll-el-Amnrna
tablets, bearing a mossago
In cuneiform characters, and ascribed
to tho fifteenth century 1). C, It Is
now In tho Imperial museum at Con
stantinople In It occurs tho uamo of
ZImrldl, who, wo loam from the Toll-ol-Amarna
tablets, was governor of
Lnchlsh, and who was murdorcd thero
by emissaries from his Egyptian over
lord. Tho translation of tho tablet Is uu
jHUnlly dlfllcult, and tho toxt, uncer
tain. This Important Unci leads thoso
Interested In Palestine research to
hoo that future exploration will
bring to light tho other part of tho
Toll-ol-Amarnu correspondence which
relates to Syria, and that It Is roserved
tor Dr. Hllss to como upon an archive
;hambcr containing records of tho pa.it
which will toll us (In the words of
Prof. Sayce) of days "when Abram, tho
Hebrew, pitched his tent In tho neigh
bor hood of He
bron and paid
tithes to tho king
of Jerusalem."
Through oxcavn
tloiiH at Jerusalem,
the most Interest
ing relics havo
boon discovered,
and tho nccouut
given by tho his
torian JosophtiH re
garding tho area of
tho city has been
Bhown to bo cor
rect. Various rock
cut dwellings woro
laid bare, a n d
probably dato from
tho period of the
Jobubltcs. A rock
hewn baso of a
tower and nn aque
duct which woro
truccd may bo re
ferred to Solomon.
Tho rock-hewn
walls of Pool of
Slloam, together
with rock-cut stops
leading down to It,
may It Is suggested, be tho work of
Hczeklah, while tho remains of an ar
cado around tho pool, together with a
built stairway connecting It with tho
strcot may be referred to Herod. Num
erous house walls and mosaic frag-
WHY THEY DO IT.
Some (Juror Thing. Done hy l'tit. nnd
tlio Iti'uaiiu.
Did you ovor see your dog walking
Around nnd around In n circle? Of
courso you havo, but I dpn't expect you
know why thoy do it. Years and years
ago, moro years than you can count,
perhaps, tho dogs were all wild, Ilka
their cousins, the wolves, nnd had to
boat out a hole hi tho grass or the
snow boforo they could Ho down. And
tho doga have done tho same wav over
ments woro discovered, and aro prob
ably the remains of extramural villas
of Hadrian's time.
During tho oxcavatlons in tho Tyro
pocon valley tho explorers came upon
the remains of a church, whlrh, It waj
known, onco existed at Slloam. The
original church Is supposed to have
been tho work of tho Empress Eudocla,
tho wife of Thoodoslus, who spent tho
last ten or eleven years of her life In
exile at Jorusalem. At a later date the
church was rebuilt and enlarged, prob
ably by Justinian. Tho church, which
couslstcd of a navo, terminating In an
apse and two aisles, was found to bo
remarkably well preserved for a build
ing which had been burled for so many
'm- .".5
EXCAVATIONS IN PALESTINE,
centuries, some parts of It bolng almost
Intact. Tho floor was found to bo large
ly covered with mosaics.
Near tho Pool of Slloam nn unsuc
cessful search waB mndo for tho tomb
of David. Traditional, but spurious,
"Tombs of tho Kings" and nn equally
spurious "Tomb of David" aro already
among tho sights of tho HolClty;
but tho real sopulchro of tho kings of
Jtidea has yet to bo recovered, If It still
exists. Among thoso who bollovo In
Its continued existence beneath tho
present surfaco Is that eminent French
nrchaoologlst.Prof. Clermont Gannenu,
who has done so much for Pnlestlno
research. Ho lias Indicated with somo
conlldonco, by means of a schematic
plan, tho oxact spot whero tho tomb
of tho kings may bo looked for. In a
bond of tho tunnel which connocts tho
Virgin's Fountain with tho Pool of Sl
loam ho bellovos tho royal vault to bo
concealed.
Wo aro told by Josophus that Herod
tho Oront, In search of treasuro, oponed
the tomb of the kings by night, nnd,
entering socrotly with a few frlonds,
saw a llamo burst out from tho sacred
spot, and two of his guards fell down
THE EXPLOUINO PAHTV IN PALESTINE.
dead. Horod scrambled out In torror,
and, In memory of tho occasion, eroded
at tho mouth of tho vault a propitia
tory monumont. Near tho spot Indi
cated, but apparently not oxnetly on
It, Dr, Hllss caused a search to bo made,
since. They had to keep tholr noses
clean, too, so thoy could smell tho rab
bits nnd othor nnlmals thoy nte, a
long wnys off, so thoy never lot their
noses touch tho ground, going to sleep
with tholr noses resting on their paws.
And they havo dono that over since.
Tho cat Is always washing hersoK and
Is known to bo tho cleanest of nil tho
animals. Well, away back long ago tho
cats had to keop clean or tho llttlo nnl
mals she waited patiently for would
smell her n long ways oft nud Kitty
but without success. M. Clermont
Gannoau was tho first to suggest that
tho entrance to David's Tomb was not
tho ordinary Jewish doorwaycut In tho
vertical rock, but a pit similar to tho
ontranco to sepulchres found In Kgypt
and Phoenicia. Ueforo a complete test
can bo made of tho theory It will bo
necessary to clear nn extensive area In
tho bend caused by tho tunnel which
bend the archaeologist attributes to tho
necessity of avoiding tho royal vault
1 nat, wo may hope, will bo done.
A discovery was made which sup
ports tho view that tho tomb of David
was of tho shaft typo. Near tho so
called "Tombs of the Kings" to tho
north of tho Damascus gate, on prop
north of tho Da-
mnseus gate, on
property belonging
to tho Anglican
college, a tomb was
discovered entirely
Bunk In the rock,
nnd resembling
those found In tho
north. It shows
that that stylo of
sepulchre was used
further south than
had been previous
ly supposed.
During Dr.
Hllss' prosecution
of his researches In
thosouth of Jerusa
lem, n discovery of
exceptional Inter
est wns mado near
tho scene of his la
bors, but In this
case the discovery
was brought about
by no human
agency, but was
entirely duo to tho
elements. During
a violent storm tho
Ion gato (Dab
Nnby Daud), a
masslvo Iron
bound door, In tho
modern wall, was
blown down, and
rovcaled nn In
scribed atono set In tho wall bo
hind, about fifteen foot nbovo tho
ground. Every Inch almost of Su
leiman tho Mngnlflcont's great wall
had been examined for fnscrlptlons.but
tho Inscrlbod atono at tho Zlon gato
had escaped tho observations of tho
keon-eyod nntiqunrles till tho Btorm
rendered It vlslblo to all.
It Is In Latin, nnd Is ono of tho very
few Itomnn Inscriptions discovered nt
Jerusalem. It Is a votlvo tablet to
Jupiter, on behalf of tho wolfaro nnd
victory of tho Emperor Trajan, or tho
Itomnn people, erected by tho Third
Legion, nnd thus takes us back to tho
Interval botween tho destruction of
Jerusalem by Titus nnd tho founding
of Aolla Capltollna. From It wo lenrn
tho Interesting fact that tho Third
Legion, as well as tho Tenth, wns at
Jorusnlom between tho tlmo of Titus
nnd Hadrian. Tho Inscriptions Is ns
follows:
"To Jupiter Sarapls, Host and fircnt
eat, for tho safety and victory of tho
Emperor Trajan nnd tho Itomnn poo
plo, a standard bearer of tho THIRD
LEOION (Cyrennlco) has mndo this."
J. L. THOMAS, M. A.. F. It. O. S.
I'hli I.lne. Eight Mllra Long.
Somo of tho cod lines used in tho
fishing Industry measure 7,000 fathoms
long, or nbout eighty ordinary miles,
having 4,080 hooka, tho wholo costing,
In gome cases, (1,500.
would havo had to go hungry. And
cats are tho same today.
HiiiiiLIi lli'lirotT. Alli'iia.
In Spain Hobrows nro not permitted
to erect nnd maintain houses of wor
ship. Thoy havo no civil rights nnd
exist In tho kingdom only as aliens.
Norwegian Live I.nngr.t.
In Norway tho nverago length of lifo
Is greater than In any other country
on tho globe.
COLLEGES TURN OUT SPINSTERS
4 '
Educated Olrl. Think Longer nnd J.ook
on Marriage Herloualj.
Investigators who havo been study
ing tho college girl versus marrloge
make the extraordinary assertion that
tho percentage of marriages among
women collegians falls far below that
of tho less highly educated woman,
says tho Now York Mall and Express.
For example, take ono college Dryn
Mawr and tho classes of '89 and '91
for Illustration. Class '89 Ten years
out of school, averaging now 32-33
years of age; twenty-six members,
eloven mnrrlod, two studied three
yoars post-grnduato to tako the degree
of Ph. D. Neither of these has mar
ried. Class '94 Five years out of
school, nvcrnglng now 27-28 years of
age; twenty In clnsa; three have mar
ried; three studied one yonr extra to
tako degreo of A. M., one stayed three
years to tako Ph. D. Of seventy-eight
women who havo held fellowships ten
havo married, or 13 per cent; of 1C1
graduates thlrty-nlno havo married, or
24 per cent; of 223 girls who did not
stay to tako their degrees thirty-eight
hnvo married, or 17 per cent; of 231
A. D.'s, thirty-two mnrrlcd, or 14 per
cent. Very few women will agree,
however, with tho conclusions of tho
Itov. Dr. E. Winchester Donald, made
public In a speech delivered nt Abbott
academy, Andovcr, that tho "methods
of education followed In nearly all the
femalo colleges make pupils unwom
anly and too erudite." They may mako
them critical nnd develop their dis
cernment nnd discretion, two attrib
utes which women greatly need to get
nlong in tho world, whether married
or single, but In tho senslblo words
of ono undergraduate Is found tho true
Bolutlon of tho problem. Sho says:
"Graduates lenvo college at tho ago of
21 or 22, nnd nro less likely to rush
into mnrrlage. They think longer and
look at maternity more seriously.
Whllo I must admit that thoro Is a
great dlfferenco In tho pcrcentngo of
mnrrlod women who graduate com
pared to thoso who do not, I do not
think that n girl's erudition scares a
young man or creates n deslro to re
mnln Blngle, but makes a woman moro
senslblo and restrnlns her from rush
ing unheedlngly Into wedlock."
THE FIRST CAMP-MEETINO.
It Wn Held nt ItUMoUvlllo, Ky n
Cuntury Ago.
"Tho effect of tho McGco brothers'
preaching especially of John McGee
at a Presbyterian quarterly meeting on
tho banks of tho Itcd river, Kentucky,
was bo startling and seemed so clearly
to Indlcnto that It was tho result of
dlvlno ngency or aomo my3torlous force
possessed by tho preacher, thnt tho
news of tho occurrence spread rapidly
In nil directions throughout that part
of tho stato and attracted unbounded
interest," writes Clifford Howard In
tho Ladles' Homo Journal. "If it did
not nt onco awaken a responsive re
ligious feeling, it at lenst edited curi
osity and when it was learnEu that tho
McGco brothers wero to hold a meet
ing nt ItusBcllvlllc, Ky a newly set
tled town In Logan county, near tho
Muddy river, persons from all parts of
tho adjoining country, Irrespective of
tholr religious beliefs or church al
loglnnco, prepared to nttend. it soon
beenmo evident that the four walls of
a country mooting houso would not sut
llco to hold tho large numbers that
wero making ready to go to Russell
vllle. Tho problem thus presented was
solved by determining to hold the
mooting in tho open nlr. Thoso com
ing from n distanco wero prepared to
camp; it would bo no hardship to them
to remain out of doors. Tho recent
oxporienco at Hod river had proved
this. It was not expected by those
who wero coming that tho lodging ac
commodation nt tho village of Itussell
vlllo would bo sufllclent by any means.
Why, therefore, nttempt to house ..to
people? Preparo a camping ground
nnd lot tho meeting bo a 'enmp' moot
ing. This, then, wns the origin of
camp meetings; nnd tho first ono held
In America was on tho banks of uo
Muddy, nenr ltussellvHlo, Ky., In the
month of August, 1799100 years ago.
Not that religious worship had never
beforo been held In tho open nlr, but
tho special featuro of camping out nnd
tho nature of tho sorvlces made tho
camp meeting a distinctive Institution
nnd characterized this particular gath
ering on Muddy river ns the first of ltJ
kind."
Not Mere Oltatlnupy.
An amusing story of nmnteur spon
comes to tho London Academy from
tho far east, all the way from Perak,
In tho Malay Peninsula. The sun
was blnzlng down on n field of hot.
excited horses nnd men.nll waiting for
n tall, raw-boned beast to yield to tho
Importunities of tho starter and get
Into lino. The patience of tho latter
was nearly exhausted. "Ilrlng up thnt
horso!" ho shouted. "Urlng up that
beast! You'll get Into troublo over
this, I toll you thnt!" Tho rider of tho
refractory beast, a youthful light
weight, replied, patiently: "i'm ns
tired of It as you are, sir. but I can't
help It. This Is a cab-horse, this horso
Is. Ho won't start till tho door shuts
and I haven't got a door."
Nitwtl OnU-xr' ttirnril,
Tho sword of n naval ofllcer is one
of tho most peaceful and useless tools
on board a ship. Orders cannot be
given with It, nnd It cannot reach the
enemy thnt Is being sholled.
CHANGED HER MIND.
It was a delightful afternoon In
summer. Elslo Leroy sat ou tho porch;
near her sat his little sister's govern
ess, Agiics Wayland.
Thero was a striking contrast be
tween these two. Elsie looked the pic
ture of loveljness In her white muslin
and chorry colored ribbons. Ono
glance at her bright face with Ita over
varying expression, told you that so
far her path through llfo lay l;i tho
broad sunshine.
But not so with Agnes Wayland. She
was clnd In sober gray and looked as
cool as an Icicle this warm afternoon.
Her pale, handsome face woro its
habitual expression of sadness. You
looked at thnt face once, and you knew
Instinctively that the governess walked
In the shade
Thero wns a footstep on tho gravel
path. Elslo looked to see who was
coming. It was her lover, Walter
Thornton, and her faco brightened In
stantly. "Hero comes Walter, Agnes. Walt
until you see him go away crazy Jeal
ous." "Take care, dear," came n warning
voice from the governess.
Elslo paid no heed to Agnes, for tho
moment Walter approached tho 8tcp3
sho exclaimed:
"Oh, Walter, I called on Ella May
down nt tho hotel this morning, and I
wns Introduced to Mr. Gilbert Down
ing, whoso coming has created such a
furoro and, oh, ho is so nlco!" anu
Elsie's hands enmo together in a clasp
of delight, Just as Walter set his foot
on tho porch.
"Oh dear, ho Is so nice!" and Walter
mimicked Elsie's tones as ho bowed
smilingly to the governess.
"Yes, he's so nice! I suppose you'ro
angry beeauso I like him!" cried Elsie,
Indignantly.
"Oh, yes, awful angry," nnd Waltor
laughed good naturedly. 'My dear El
Ble, I expected you'd agree with the
general verdict 'perfectly splendid.'
Why can't I squeeze my hand Into a
six glovo nnd my foot Into a four
boot?" nnd Walter looked ruefully at
his hands nnd feet, which were In pro-
"DONT GO
portion with his splendidly built six
feet of manhood.
"Why can't you? I should think
you'd know at a glance, sir. Becauso
your hands and feet aro too largo,"
said Elslo, coolly.
"Oh, aro they?" and for n moment
Walter looked surprised; then, In a
moro earnest tono, ho said: "So, you
really llko tho perfumed dandy, El
sie?" "Of courso I llko Mr. Downing. Who
could help liking him? Don't call him
n perfumed dandy, Wnltcr, It sounds
spiteful," and thero wa3 a twlnklo of
triumph In Elsie's eyes.
"Does It? Then I will nover again
call Gilbert Downing a dandy," said
Walter, in n volco that puzzled Elsie.
There was a moment's silence, and
then Walter said:
"I think I will bo going."
"I supposo you will bo over this
evening?" said Elsie.
"I'm not certain that I will. Good
afternoon, ladles," and the next mo
ment Walter was running lightly down
tho steps.
"Well, If that Isn't cool," said Elsie,
turning to tho governess, who had been
a silent listener. "What did I tell you,
Agnes? He's gono off Just as Jealous
as ho can bo."
"He careful, Elslo. Walter Thornton
doesn't look like a man you could
trlflo with. I "
"Oh, dear, here comes Mr. Downing
now. I hopo Walter didn't seo him!"
Interrupted Elslo In a volco of deop
alarm.
Tho governess quickly raised her
eyes. Sho saw a gentleman coming In
the gato, and sho was cn hor foot In an
Instant. Great cords had rlson on her
temples, for a moment her face wa3
crimson from brow to chin, then tho
blood flowed back la Its proper chan
nels, nnd left her t.co nn ashen huo.
"Don't go away, Agae?. I want you
to ice Mr. Downing; he's lenlly np'o
did!" said Elsie, and sho vos so much
interested In Gilbert Downing that sho
did not notico tho change that came
over tho governess.
"I caDnot remain longer, Elsie. I
must hear Laura reclto- her. lessons,"
and the governess vanished before the
exqulslto gentleman, who camo stroll
ing leisurely up tho path, could catch
a gllmpso of her.
Tho long, dark shrfdowa of evening
woro fast filling the room where Agnes
Wayland sat, and In tho semi-darkness
her faco looked as If It wero cut from
pure white marblo.
"Agnes,-Agnes! are you-hero?" .
"Yes, Elsie," answered Agnes, and
Elslo burst Into the room.
"Oh! dear, dear Agnes, it's Just like
you, to bo moping in tho dark! I don't
seo how you can do It. I should die if
I were kept from tho light."
"I hope you will always love the sun
shine, darling," said Agnes, tenderly,
for aho had learned to lovo Elslo Leroy.
"Oh, I couldn't exist without sun
shine," said Elslo, lnughlng. "What
mado you run away this afternaon,
Agnes? I wanted you to aeo Gilbert
Downing. Ho is coming this evening,
though, and you must como downstairs,
I know you'll like him, nnd we'll havo
a real Jolly time. I hope Waltor will
como ovor this evening. If ho does
I'll flirt desperately with Gilbert
Downing, Just to pay him off for treat
ing mo so coldly this nfternoon."
"Elslo, you must not flirt with Gil
bert Downing," and Agnes put her arm
around Elsie's wnlst
"Now, Agnes, please don't begin to
lecturo mo. I think Mr. Downing Is
splendid, nnd I'll flirt with him If It
were for nothing but to mako Walter
angry."
"Elsie, I havo something to say to
you that I think will mako you change
your mind nbout Gilbert Downing.
Shortly after I camo hero I told you
tho history of my llfo how I had bo.cn
married and was dlvormd."
"Yes, Agnes, you told mo all nbout It,
and I think tho man that could havo
treated your sweet self In tho manner
your husband did must bo tho greatest
rascal unhung."
"So you told mo beforo, Elsie, and
AWAY, AGNES,"
yet you think ho Is perfectly splendid "
"I Mllnb Mm ..- . .
. v...un wu luuuncr mi married is
perfectly (.plondld!" cried Elslo, lu as
tonishment. "Yes, Elsie, you do, but perhaps It Is
not your fault. I nover told you that
monster's name It Is Gilbert Down
ing." "Oh, Agnes! Can this bo true?" and
Elsie's arms went round tho governess
neck.
"I thought you weren't coming this
evening, Walter," said Elslo, a couplo
of hours aftor. as sho sat, radiant and
smiling, In tho cozy drawing-room
when Waltor entered.
"Well, I think I oughtn't to have
come Elsie, but I couldn't stay away,"
and Walter entered.
Ueforo Elsie had tlmo to reply, tho
servant entered with Gilbert Down
ing's card.
.,m I?? ,not nt ,10mo t0 Mr Dwnlng,"
said Lisle, and as tho servant disap
peared to deli her message, sho
turned to her lover, and putting her
nrm around his reck, sho said-
M?Vr,t0r; 1 t0ld you t01,ay 1 thoucht
Mr. Downing wju splendid. Well, rvo
changed my mind, i think ho is a
conceited wretch-worse than that, In
fact and nothing can Induce mo to
speak to him again."
Elslo didn't tell Walter why she had
changed h?r mind, hut when Mr
Downing saw hor In the street next day
with hor sister's governess ho know
why MSa i.eroy waa nQt ftt h
him the night beforo, and In a few
hours ho had left his hotel and was
seen at tho waterlng-placo no moro -New
York Evening Nowa.
Clmrlle Would iel It.
She "Father, would it hurt you
much if I married without your con
sent?' Ho-"lt might hurt tho youn
mnn more." West End.