17
TThursd&y. August 23th, 1910
THE ALLIANCE (NEBRASKA) KEKJLU)
TAFT OUTLINES
LEAGUE PLAN
Puts It Into Plain Language Free
Verbiage, in Response to Re
quest. MANY ARE CONFUSED
BY PRESENT DEBATE
Danger That People Will Lose
Sight of Basic' Principles Dur
ing Discussion of Complicated
Details and Technicalities.
By ex-Preeldent William H. Taft)
lnwpi nation will be b-iyroiteil by at;
the other inrmhern of the League and
will find itself cut off from both bust
neRS and social communication wltb
the rest of the world.
How It Will Prevent Wart.
It la not claimed that the league I
Nations will do away with war alto
gether. Every possible prorlMon thai
r..m I --.i j n;.Am.i!.' human intelligence can Uerlae will b
From Legal and . Diplomatic, made tn , ,ntprn..Irtnil, dl!,DUtM
peaceably. Dut should alt these meas
ures fall and two nations go to war,
this Is whnt will happen :
If both parties to the dispute hari
observed the rules of the League, the
other nations will stand back and lei
them fight It out. War under such
circumstances Is difficult to Imagine,
however, because before the angry na
tions will be allowed to fight lu ac
cordance with the rules of the league,
no much time must elapse that In all
probability their anger will cool and
tliey will reach an amicable under
standing.
What we have to fear la that some
I nation will go to war In defiance of
I the League, and every precaution has
been taken to suppress such a nation
by the Immediate use of the united
power of the other nations. If Inter
national boycott failed to bring her
. to terms she would have to face
combined International army and
' nary. The founders of the League be
lieve that the mere possibility of sucb
I a situation will prevent any nation
' from violating Its agreement. Does
anyone think that Germany would
have begun war five yeara ago If she
had known that nearly all the other
great powers would combine against
her?
Doing the World's Work.
In addition to settling International
disputes peaceably the League of
Nations will provide means for doing
much of the world's work more sys
tematically and effectively than can
be done now when each nation la
working only for Itself. The people
you know best and like best are those
who work with you on the same job,
The plan for a League of Na
tions Is based on a few simple
principles, which are not hard
to understand when lifted out
of the morass of technical discus
sion and freed from legal and
diplomatic language. As the
one authority best able to pre
sent these points without par
tisan bias, ex-Prestdent Taft
has been asked to put the
league Idea Into a few plain
words for the benefit of millions
of Americans who desire a bet
ter .understanding- of the plan
but find themselves confused by
the debate In the United States
Senate. In response to this le
anest he has written the follow
ing article.
' Purpose of the League.
. The chief purpose of the League of
Stations Is to keep the world In a
'State of peace. Another way of ex
pressing It Is to say that the league
Is designed to prevent wars.
We have Just finished the greatest,
hlch Is to say the most horrible, of
'all conflicts . between nations. We
have won a glorious victory. But that
Tlctory will be wasted unless this war
has made the nations ready to
put aside their differences and co
operate to end war forever,
i It Is not enough, however, to pro
vide for the prevention of wars and
,the settlement of disputes after they
have arisen. We must foresee causes
of trouble and remove them before
they have reached "an acute stage.
Hence there must be provision for fre
quent consultations of members of the
league for exchange of Information,
for agreement on common policies and
for the gradual formation of rules of
International law which 'at present are
Uncertain and Incomplete.
j The representatives of .the great
free nations which won the war have
met at Paris and, after long consulta
tion, have drawn an agreement which
.they believe will accomplish these
ends. At the very least It will set In
motion great changes which will
suit In universal benefit to all man
kind. This agreement Is called the
Covenant of the League of Nations
and it Is a part of the peace treaty.
There will be no league worth talk
ing about, however, unless the United
States Is a member. The decision aa
to whether the United States shall
Join rests with our Senate. The Sena
tors, chosen by the people, will In the
end Tote as the people desire. For
this reason the people themselves will
decide whether or not the United
States will Join the league. In this
question every citizen should have a
Voice. . He or she can express opinion
either by writing direct to Senators,
by letters to the newspapers, by
speeches in his lodge or local union or
in conversation with friends.
Methods of Maintaining Peace.
Since the prime object of the
Xeague of Nations is to preserve peace
and to reap the benefits of peace
let us see how the league will- operate
Ho accomplish that purpose.
In the first place It will seek to re
move the main causes of war. By the
formation of an International court It
"will create a means for the peaceful
settlement of disputes between na
tions. Then It wll seek to compel the
nations to make use of this court
This is nothing more nor less than an
application of the rules and customs
.governing private Individuals in civil
lied communities to the relations be
tween nations.
Secondly, the League will seek to re
move a great temptation to war by
the eeneral agreement to reduce the
.slie of armies and navies. This will
.bait the race for military and naval
supremacy which was largely respon
sible for the war Just ended. The
amount of armament any nation may
maintain will be strictly defined.
Thus It will be impossible for one
country to overwhelm Its neighbor by
unexpected attack, in the way that
Germany crushed Belgium and would
have crushed France had not the other
.democratic nations gone to her aid. The
Idea is that each country may keep
an army and navy large enough to en
able it to fulfil its responsibilities aa
a member of the League, but no larger.
The United States, for example, prob
ably would be expected to keep a
check on Mexico and the state of con
stant turmoil In that country would be
taken Into consideration In deciding
bow large an army we should need.
The third Important safeguard
which the League will set up Is a sys
tem of penalties. This will make an
. outlaw f any nation or group of na
tions wblch goes to war In violation
.f the rules of the League. The out.
The coumll, the chief wcrnlti
body of Hi. league, cannot take
action without unanimous decision of
Its nifiuhers and since .the United
States will have a representative In
the Council our Interest will be pro
tected there. We henr It said that the
League la formed for the benefit of
Great Britain or Japan or some other
one nation. This Is not true. All the
nations will gain by It, not only the
great nations such as the United
States, Great Britain, France, Japan
and Italy, but the little nations which
In the past have been oppressed by
their big neighbors. The International
court will give an opportunity for the
settlement of old grievances which
have long troubled the peoples of the
world.
It has been said that the League
will interfere with the Monroe Doc
trine, but the League Covenant ex
pressly protects this Doctrine. In fact,
through the Covenant the Monroe Doc
trine receives recognition throughout
the world and its principles become
forever established.
Billions of Lead Pen.n
The world's product of lead pencils
irobably amounts to nearly two thou-
land millions a year, half of which are
aiade from American-grown cedar. The
United States makes about 750.000.000
t year, or more than eight pencils for
tach of Us Inhabitants.
To Carry Heavy Loads.
One way of carrying two buckets of
water with the least possible expend
kure of energy Is the hoop-carrying
taethod of Macedonia. There a small
ooy will carry i man's load by rvalklng
inside a hoop which keeps the weight
tree from the body snd distributes
pressure.
It will be the same way with the
nations of the future. The more they
work together, the sooner they will
come to understand and like each
other.
For example, the League will estab
lish an International organization for
the bettering of labor conditions tn
different countries, for the protection
of women and children and the native
Inhabitants of civilized and semi-civil
Ized countries. One of Germany's
greatest crimes has been her barba
rous treatment of the helpless people
In some of her colonies. One of the
chief tasks of the League will be to
look after peoples that are not strong
enough to protect themselves,
The League will appoint commts
slons to take charge of various Inter
national undertakings so that they
may be carried on,, not for the benefit
of any one nation, but for the benefit
of the whole world. Trovislon will bo
made for promotion of fair and equal
trade conditions
These are only a few of the benefits
the world will derive from the League.
As time goes on we shall find more
and more tasks at which the nations
can work in common and a greater
number of opportunities to remove
causes which stir up Jealousies and
animosities between races and peoples.
Objections Answered.
Of course we cannot hope to make
the great changes such as the League
of Nations will bring about without
opposition. Fortunately 1 the war has
taught us the great ! adtantages of
international co-operation. It was
only by good team work that the free
liberty loving nations were able to
whip Germany. m
The treaty which the United States
Senate is debating obligates the mem
bers of the proposed League to pro
tect one another against attack from
enemies outside their own boundaries
bent upon conquest Although this
agreement (Article X of the Cove
nant) Is -vital to any arrangement
which seeks to prevent war, it has
been attacked on the ground that It
would draw the United States Into
wars in various parts of the world and
force us to send our boys to fight In
auarrels which did not concern us.
We should remember, however,' that
the main purpose of Article X Is to
friehten nations tempted to wars of
conquest from yielding to the tempta
tion, by the certainty that they will be
crushed If they begin such a war by
a universal boycott and a union of
forces of the world against them. If
a big war breaks out again, the United
States will be forced to take part In
It whether we have a League of
Nations or not We tried hard enough
to keep out of the war with Germany
but found we couldn't
A little war contrary to the League
rules could be handled by the powers
close at hand. Certainly It would not
be necessary to send American troops
to suppress an uprising In the Balkans
when prompt action by the armies of
Italy or some other nearby powerful
nation could suppress the fracas be
fore American troops could even get
started.
Great Gain for 8mall Loss.
We had to make many sacrifices to
win the last war and we made thera
willingly because we knew they were
worth while. It will be the same In a
smaller degree wltb a League of
Nations. When men form a business
partnership each one has to make
concessions to the views and opinions
of the other members of the firm.
When we enter the League of
Nations we w have to UP cer
tain privileges, but the losses will be
small compared wltb the profits.
The United States will not have to
sacrifice her Independence or right is
uaks her own decisions.
Pig Iron From iron Sands.
Experiments in New Zealand have
demonstrated the practicability of pro
ducing pig iron from Iron sands. The
levelopment of the Industry has reach
ed the stage where Iron Is actually pro-
laced at the rate of 15 tons per day.
Plans are now being made for greatly
mlarglng the plant.
ave Half Yoir
prr o TTVY T T
lire. Bill
GrandlslandCollege
With a
Standardized Curriculum
AND A
Standardized Faculty
Which Cannot Be Surpassed in
the West Offers the Six Fol
lowing Standard
COURSES
I. Classical Coarse '
II. Romance Language Course
III. Literary Course
IV. Scientific Course
V, Pre-Medlcal Course
VI. Pre-Knglneerlng Course
Reasonable Rates
An Excellent Dormitory for Girls
Good Private Rooms for Dots
For a Catalogue and further in
formation address ARTHUR T.
BELKNAP, Pres., Grand Island,
Neb., Phone 1204.
Don't throw away OLD TIRES. You may be
throwing away GOOD MONEY. Send them
to us by PARCELS POST and have them
'Retreaded aed Repaired-
Your automobile tires with blow outs, rim cuts, fabric breaks, or tread worn down, may
look worthless to you, butdo not throw thera away. Tires that are tread-worn should be re
treaded and thus give double mileage.
Our repair men are factory trained men. At our shop we use the famous Anderson
method for repairs and the dri-cure process for retreading. It will be to your interest to come
in and inspect the work when you are in Lincoln. If not. convenient to call, write for more
complete information. , ,
..... .. i ' ' " '
Send Your Old Tires by Parcels Post
'Send your old tires by parcels post and notify us by letter of postal card, using the form
below if you wish. We will have our expert foreman examine them, and will writ you aa to
the cost of having the same repaired or retreaded. You can then notify us whether you want
the work done. If not, your tires will be returned to you, prepaid, and no charge whatever
will be made.
' Date n mi i ri 1919
PETTIT-RUMB AUG II TIRE CO.,
2377 0 St., Lincoln, Nebraska
Gentlemen: .......
I am sending you by parcels post (give number and size)
tires. Please advise me if it will pay me to have you retread or repair same, and
what the cost will be. I will reply by re turn mail and let you know whether I
want them retreaded, repaired or returned to me post paid.
" Name .. Ll ...
Address
All Work Fully Guaranteed -
Please note OUR MILEAGE GUARANTEE on all RETREADING All repair work guar
anteed to be as represented and first-class in every respect.
DEALERS':
treading work.
Write us for our-proposition to you on Republic and Lee tires and on re-
PETTIT -RUMBAUGH
TIRE COMPANY
2377 O Street
(Please mention this advertisement in The Alliance Herald.)
Lincoln, Nebraska
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OMAHA OFFICE: f Y TiT A TJ A LINCOLN OFFICE:
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President
GEO. J. ADAMS,
Vice-Pres.
P. F. ZIMMER,
Secy, and Mgr.
P. F. Zimmer has managed Twenty-seven yean of successful Insurance Business and has invested $50,000 in the Capital of the
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