TOUR OF THE WORLD
Interesting Descriptive Letters by
Mr. and Mrs. H. Montague
Porter of Los Angeles.
TO RELATIVES IN AMERICA
Mr. and Mrs. H. Montague I'orter
of IO Angeles lire making h three
.years' world tour. Mr. Porter In 11
nnsiii il Mi s Wayne I Zedikci
of Alliance, and through her court
sty The Herald has the privilege of
publishing a. most IKtfKtt des
crlptlve loiter from the two tourists
They are represent ins; Hie Howard
Ueverns Publish ing Company of Chi
cago, publishers of the Student's Kef
!n e Library, and In their work
they come In touch with the educa
for and other leading people of the
untrics wlilch they visit.
A unique plan has been adopted
by Mr. and Mrs. Porter to give
their relatives In America the bone
fit of a description of the people and
places of greatest Interest. General
letters are written. These are sent
to Mr. Porter's mot her. at Los An
geles; after she has read them she
sends them to a relative, who In
turn sends to a relative, who In turn
vends to another relative. In tliis
way the letters travel over the I'
jiitel States all the way from Call
fornia to Connecticut.
Letter No. 16, written lust sum
luer at Sydney, Australia, contains
ao much that w ill Interest lit raid
readers that we are pleased to pub
lish It:
'Rothesay," Lower Wycombe ltd..
Neutral Bay, Sydney, Aus.
My dear family and friends:
This cordial, hospltuble people In
making us feel welcome In "Sunny
Australia." keep us so much occupied
accepting invitations, or better plan
ning how not to accept them, that
our home friends are not receiving
ilie individual attention they de
serve in letters, perhaps, and yet
it is ail making our sojourn here an
unusually pleasant one and there
-tenia such a genuine ring In every
courtesy.
Crossing the North Atlantic were
two most Interesting Sydney wo
men, and they told us of the beauty
of Sydney.
From the people of Melbourne,
her rival city, again we hoard, "Oh.
you will love Sydney," "Have you
be (ii to Sydney?" and "Sydney's
h;irbour la glerlous!" Naturally, we
wre quite prepared to thin!; Bj il
ney a "place beautiful" but. do you
you know that despite all this pre
paration, and seeing the books of
views and post curds ns well, and
an occasional painting; word or pic
ture had not given us the least con
ception of what a marvelous setting
Nature's handiwork had given to
these people for ilie building of Mm
City Beautiful.
There seems to have been a great
upheaval; volcanic rocks and bould-
rs rising often many feet Hbove the
waters of the bay, and on entering
ibis harbour the north and south
heads are two neeil'Tn dangerous
'...oking promlntories Standing as
huge senllnels of warn 'g to those,
who entt r here This rocky forma
tion Is piled up on elt! r side, and
the harbour is so d(;i that ocean
liners come within a two to five min
ute walk of the business center.
These myriads of anna terminal
InC In moat Irregular finger lengths,
all of rocks, simply keep the grasp
ing water at bay, tt tries year after
ear its ceaseless Lipping to make
further inroads, but the hemes ncs
tie around, with the terraced gap
deos reaching to the water's edge,
wherever there is soli enough to
permit a blade of grass to grow,
knowing their rocky foundation is a
t-afe one, and eaxh home is built
with the windows aud verandas with
the one idea of securing the best
view point, and being uch a hilly
city and with the one hundred sixty
miles of shore line, you cannot con
lve how lovely it is to come by
ferry from The Heads up to the
Circular Quay. Thousands of red
Itted roofs, or slate, with their iptea
dW setting of green, because the
Magnolias. Pepper, Norfolk Pint
Blue Gum, Ku.-alyptus. Green Day
Fig. and many of the tropical trees
luxuriate in this climate.
Well! ycu cannot yet understand
this one of the world's beauty cen
ter until you see it.
I think the Panama canal will be
the medium of bringing America aud
Am rah, i much nearer together,
larger ocean liners, quicker com
munication; and I bnlieve commer
eially they can be most useful to
e i-ii oiher.
You cannot flatter these people
more highly than to lkkeu them to
Americans, and they perhaps are
more so than like the Knglish, but
a Mrs. Montefiore, lecturer and
most traveled woman, who has just
returned from one or two years in
V. S. A., was present where I made
a "Travelogue" tnlk for an evening
Salon, as the hostess was pleased
to call It, and afterward I asked
her If she found the Australians
(she Is not Australian born) were
like the Americans. "No, not at
all, Mrs. Porter, the Australians nre
aping and working along Kngland s
traditional lines, while Americans
have stepped absolutely away, and
developed an Individuality all their
own."
II. Mont wrote me this wek from
Melbourne, asking me to write of
our social affairs, and as muh more
ns I could to help in tills general
letter writing I rather wish he had
dime the social part, as I feel a lit
tle modest about telling of my pur
tlcular part; but Mamie Punch and
I have each made three addresses
here Rlnoe the first of May, telling
them of different phases of Ameri
can life, my part especially what
our women are doing in tlnb life a
long philanthropic lines, the child
welfare movement and helping them
see what great possibilities and
great responsibilities res with the
WOtnaH here The listeners have
M-otued to find pleasure, and the
newspapers have given pleasant no
tice of these evenings.
We are sojourning long enough to
make a proper study of the place,
the people and their ideals, fc.nel our
particular form of interns! brings us
into such close touch that it is prov
ing a decidedly educational trip. To
visit a public school here, a permis
sion card of entrance i- essential,
and if you go on a certain day . say
when examinations an being car
ried en, or If "Inspectors" (what
we i all City or County Superintend-
nts) are present, we nre simply re
qaaatad to return on another day.
(This happened to Maine and me
in vlsitinir a training school for
teachers.) No offense intended or
felt either, ns you must simply un
derstand in travel that customs so
vary In different countries that vis
itors to be huppy and to be proper
ly understood must fall in with said
customs, because our practices are
just as unusual to them.
We wore recently Invited to hear
a lecture by the Mrs. Montetiore of
whom I spoke In an earlier part of
this leitter ctr her "Impressions
gleaned from a year's sojourn In
America " By the by, she is Lon
don born, and a writer of some a
bility, and widely travelled. Her
ospeelal study of us was through
philanthropic avenues, the settle
ment and community problems, child
welfare movement, anil a study of
our school system, from the Kinder
garten through to the i'niversity
She began with Columbia Unlversit .
before Revolutionary days known us
King's College, and her observations
were most interesting, Indeed; in
vhsitlng our many Institutions she
went observing the things worth
while. In visiting the Chicago I'ni
versity she was Interested to find
two buildings the exact duplicates of
"Maudlin Tower" and "Old' Christ
Church" from Oxford University in
Kngland. The very vines seemed
to be growing over these copies that
she had seen at Oxford, and inline
diately she loomed transported to
the originals. Then il was her de
sire to enter the place of worship a
few minutes, and the request vvifcs
granted. On entering, to tier a
ma.tMllelit , a group of students w . re
rehearsing a play with much levity
mingled with the duty in hand, and
her guide vvat'hid her astonishment
and somewhat shocked air. over to
the "proper" Knglish mind a ieri
ous Impropriety, lustead of leuwnu
her listeners with that thought in
mind, she finished (he pkture with:
"You see the Anieiuan idea is ever
present, to find the utility for ev
eiythlng, there Is no wun(e due to
sentimentality. Here was a need,
and a place to meet the need."
You came away from her lecture
with su;h a comfortable feeling ov
er her kindness, in weak places, and
an appreciation of her looking for
the worth while rather than for the
weak points. So in writing to you
now or talking to you In Hie future.
I hope I may have her happy way
of not being unkindly critical, and
to renumber the modifying clausi i.
otherwise look to the reason why.
Recently, a Mr. Ramsay, a very
democratic Australian who has
shewn us many ourteslts. rather
arcfully introduced the iubject of
the Japanese question and out Cal
ifornia point of view, feeling that
w e probably had a keen hat reel, etc.,
as the yellow journalism might lndi
oate. or does, to tluse people. Af
ter finding cur real point of view,
he invited Montague and me to go
to Watsons Pay, the South Head,
for the magnifhent view, from a
high point; and later to the ostrich
fat m near by. The owner should
visit the Cavvston farm near Los
Angeles :o ain some i ommerciai:.- m
and to know a beautiful show
room's attractiveness. To us it
seemed a most crude, indifferent
sort of plan-, al; hough there sTOfO
ninety-seven bird.
Revwtlng to the above oonversa
Hon about the Japs, Mr. Ramsay
said since finding we did not have
the prejudice for Japanese, even
though from the west coast of I'. S.
A.; he would be so pleased to have
us meet the members of the Japan
ese Antarctic exploring exped Ion,
encamped not far away, through his
special Introduction from the Jap
anese Consul. This pleased t i
greatly, and crossing over on the
ferry to their camp, he told us their
story. Firstly, Isn't It amazing that
that nation having lived five hund
red yenrs, in the last fifty have
some fourteen stalwart men who
have pledged themselves by oath to
never return to Japan alive without
having accomplished their miisslon
This party had not reached the
south magnetic pole when they
found they were not properly equip
ped, and nlso had the misfortune of
losing most of their dogs. They re
turned to Australia and are waiting
for their new and properly fitted
vessel to arrive from Japan in Sep
tember. We were Invited into their
private and official quarters, and
sitting around their little, roughly
made table (no lacquer ware In thlis
tent I we were shown charts and
magazines, the latter were primed
tn both their own language and the
Knglish. They gave me a Japanese
paper with the pictures and account
of their expedition, and a gift of
some of their candies (lure called
"lollies"). One showed nie the
"hara-kari " sword, with which as a
punishment tot any treasonable of
fense, they disembowel t hni.sel ves.
one way of committing suicide, in
the presence of officials and the
ones offended. Also, we found the
sledges, the snowshoes, the mittens,
dog skin lined with wool, as were
the hoods, the trousers and the
coats, and the great slumber robe,
shaped like a night or bed slipper,
calling it a "sleeping bag." This they
cover up In, or rather get Into it.
and fasten till no air can enter, oth
erwise their faces would freeze.
Professor David of the University
of Sydney was the scientist in the
Shackleton expedition to the south
pole. We nut Mrs. David, his wile,
lit Challis House the night Mainl
and I made a Joint address or talk
to the I'niversitv Club. She Invited
our whole party of seven to their ,omes ilio"K
Abbey Just whiW was happening, as
the local papers gave most exact
details. I Indulged In an exact re
production of the "anointing spoon"
as my souvenir spoon from Sydney,
secured the last one to be pur
chased; was I not fortunate?
The Australian people have the
artistic temperament, as manifested
in two ways. First, every home Is
built with the Idea of a "view". The
entrance to many of the houses from
the "foot paths" or sidewalks, we
say, will be from the rear so the
terraced gardens may slope down to
the water's edge, thus avoiding a
public footpath In front. Thus, you
can scarcely tell which is the kit
chen side of the house because it is
till made so attractive.
Tiie people do take so much pride
in their gardens (not vegetables, as
we peak of a garden, but Just
flowers). Then, too, the ladies
without exception nre always so
tidy never appear unless in per
feet toilet. The second phase of
the artistic temperament is evidenc
ed in the great numbers of musical
people, both vocal and inst rumen t al
talent in such greait numbers of
persons.
This has been a musical year,
too, opening with Sousa's sixty
pieces. He was most popularly re
eelved. We met a Captain llrown
low's wife, who planned a motor
launch trip to include H, to meet
the ladies of the Sousa family, but
that last week It only rained and
rained, so we were dll appointed.
Sousa was mctt popular, although
sc ma musical people are super-, l it
leal, as we find in any coniiminity.
We were all inieres:ed . in the
Sheffield Choir of two hundred
voices. It certainly was a magnifi
cent chorus. We were pleased ov
er the warm reception they had en
route from Kngland aa they passed
through I1. S. A.
Madame Melba arrives on Monday
with her grand opera company, and
she has a very choice repertoire.
Tickets are a guinea each. It will
be no difficulty to have a full house
the entire time, era are told, be
cause people will go to hear music.
I heard her in Philadelphia the U. i
winter we tired there, so will let
that suffice, utiles. a good fairy
comfort and beauty as you traverse
miles of calm, quiet water.
Our custom here would seem
most inconvenient to our powtjnen
and for all practical purposes in our
American ways of thinking. Very few
houses are numbered, in fa:t. on
ly the new ones built as double
houses, or flats for rental purposes
The named houses are quite impossi
ble to remember very often, as the
aborigines name s are used, Kallista,
Coomalgah. Corunna, Hoemham, Wee
roona, Myoora, Willyatna, KurtSC!,
Oonah. Kooramil, Rangattira. Wava
tah, I amellnh, Nada, Goumea. Ata
ml, Lugano. Cloom. Gascorgne, etc.
The major part of the names are of
this type, and in brass or metal
plates on every gate, also the doors
or door mats In front. Kve ry house
has a fenee about it and great
pride is taken in the gardens. Peo
ple more recently from Kngland or
ether countries have used names
indicating same as Westminster.
Kenilworth, The Mungalow, Dart
mouth, Arizona, San Diego, The
Sands, The Nook, etc. Really, It
is rather a pretty idea. I shall al
mojat feel like ndopting it. And one
orher custom is the "afternoon tea."
At four o'clock we have it every
clay, with thin slics of bread, but
tered toast or tea cakes, or scon.s
They use bakery cakes almost w hoi- , heir maneuvres and
ly never could keep enough of the most splendidly executed. A1P de-
low secured seats for us to observe
a very Interesting military review.
It seems that King Kdward had
made a gift of beautiful silk flags
to each Company that had shown
servhe in the BOOT war. and only
Just at this time have these flag
come to Australia (Tliey move rap
idly in Hr'tish territory!)
There was room for about fifty
people in this special section of
the Amphitheater, and Commander
Mrownlow s guests were to the right
of the central semi-circle, where
Chief Justice Cullen and Lord Dud
ley were received, with the ladies
of their arty. Kvery head was
band as they left the carriage, and
simultaneously people arose and
the ladles bent the knee as they
shook BOB fte with these important
personages. Lord Dudley Is the
retiring Governor General of Aus
tralia, this h!s last public appear
ance before sailing.
All the military nun were re
splendent in the mator of uniform,
medals, etc., and high officials were
mounted on the most beautiful
s'eeds.
The Scotch Volunteers were Ui
Highland Kilts ---such picturesque ad
dition to the lively scene but the
Khaki suits were most In evidence.
There were hundreds of soldiers and
drills were
other kind in the cake box. I pre
sumo. So win n I come home and
am calling en you at 4 o'clock, jusi
renumber my lately acquired habit.
I Tea la served In every home ns an
eye cper.tr at 1 a. m. A friend
in this house (sixiy paying guest si
wishes lieaklast at 7: IB or 7:.:0 a.
in. to secure a 7:. '17 boat, or the
next ferry at 7:57, and after a twen
t.; minute ferry trip across the bay
and a six minute "tram" ride to
plac e of business, you see he can
net reach bushi-ss center before
8:05 or S:i5. Hut act In tfaia ity.
s a oonraer anywiiere, hotel oi
tatte are moat formally and punctil
iously tarried out. There were
flags tt be presented to nine com
panies, and the fiag bearer present
ed the flag to Lord Dudley, who
was mounted on a beautiful bl ick
horse, and each company came for
ward hi turn, and the presentation
followed.
One evening we were invited to
attend a session of Parliament, and
cur he st gave us most interestint
accounts of their procedures. One
item was that frequently they sit
for forty consecutive hours. The
i-t-oour and Liberal party are In
i ii t .. . ""'' "
uw.u.ii nouse or any sorr mat we i very antagonistic relations just
, would consider a home is a break- now, and in these long sessions the
lut serveu netore o clock, only in , . apers will report the most aston
ii oe uianagea. inus Istiing uneompllnit ntnrv enithets
home for tern on Sunday afternoon
the following we-ek, to meet her
husband and son, and to see some
Of the original photographs and h:s
varied collection of clothinu. his
field glusses, fur gloves, hood, etc.,
also the sleeping bag; long, slender
looking sledge, but the British flag
made by Prof. David and the doc
tor on the expedition, of some blue
cotton cloth, properly striped with
We were invited to sptnd an ev
ening in Mr. New land's home (a
bed manufacturer) , a man whose
fad Is to simplify donietlc life by
an elet trie-ally equipped house. He
has Inatallod his own plant as the
city supply does not reach his .sub
urb and has the electric iron;
toa-ter: healers In the grates; range
for cooking; connection for running
the Singtr sewing machine, the
the red and white, the reel having i washln '"""hine. vacuum sweeper,
had white dots, which they obllter- running the phono-
ateel witli red ink, this all stitched
with a lit.le hand sewing machine.
This was all crudely done, but it
was Che one placed on the south
magnetic pole, as they discovered
graph. They have no trouble keep
ing maids. In fast, where there
was a need of three before, new
tnere is but
The following Saturday afternoon
the 8:., i ferry or the 8:57, both
maklrj business arrival after it o'
clock. Buefneee practically opens
at 10 o'clock.
It is vrey interesting to hear What
other people think of us and our
customs. They are quite horrified
over "ladies" chewing gum. Then,
the looseness of divorce laws, and
things the speaker would not dart?
say, our informant stated, if the
one he were addressing were not
sound asleep.
There are st mi-circle s of seats,
upholstered in leather, but do no:
seem too comfortable for forty hour
sessions.
Another time we visited the mint
- wir mill
the number of divorce amazes and j where only sovereigns and half sov
horrifies them, as they do us. Uni
versally, they speak of us as a na
ereigns are e-oined. A special per
mit has to be requested. This is
Hon of dvsnentlcs In mil- niii-ti- nfLuai . l. ..
. , ... " -ui .on u. man me clay you mav
seve..,. we grown-ups carefully thoMgo. A gentleman must be in vn.,r
party. A most noisy, unfinisheri
piaee as compared with Philade!
it, and left there for a time. Prof. ine inviT,(l to join a party of
David tedd us one incident about 1 llil,y to s" '" his ""-'or launch, a
these particular fiedd glasses (the u'n mil'' trB 00 Hie harbor, thence
lean glass). He and a companion ! up llw) rNstegsmtta river to see a
went away trom camp and lost s'lllli" rC m'tvvecMi IVarec and
their way. could not locate t heir 1 A "lM 1 ,lu' laUt'1' "ie champion of
camp ami were about to de spair of !lt' word. whom we me I when en
return, when juddenly a mirage lou'' ''cm ( ape Town last year,
lasting a moment, as they were ' ,,eam' is 11,1 Australian and Arnst
using Ibrse glasses, reflected the j 1,1111 Zealand, and natu.. ' .. we
camp, .ry a moment, and saved u'''" i;i'rest d in the one whom
the da, for them. I ' knew .
Thousands of people we re specta
tors, and people own motor launches
here as much as Californians use
motor cars. Some are most elabor
ate, and it is marvelous to be hav
ing these trips, with the great city
all along the shores. We started
at :.' p. m., then antdiored in good
pi -itions among other launches
hundreds of them of every different
style and capacity, also row bouts,
ft rry borats. etc., making a most
picturesque, fascinating sight While
ii w a ring the coming of the two
tVininplons. r lie leaves of a station
ary tables were raised at one end
of the long launch and baskets
were opened. The tea "Hilly" (just
a tall bucket, holding more- water
than the usual kettle i wa.s se upon
We era most pleased to have
heen in BrtUah territory at the
coronation period and were most
fortunate in being presented with
tickets of admission to the St. An
drew's Cathedral (Chuixh of Kng
land i win re the entire coronation
service was enacted, as well as
could be without the pre-sence of the
king and queen and attending splen
dor. The lit. Rev. Arch Iiishop
Wright, Arch Mtshtp for New South
Walts. in elaborate appropriate
robes, white lace and linen, over
brilliant scarlet, preceded by two
heralds, followed by several other
prltsts, then the choir boys formed
a procession nicst imposing All
the prominent officials in ths city.
Lord Mayor, then the Judge s cf the j ;t Hiylotcd spiiit lamp or stove.
through every acquaintance in our
large and varied circle scattered ov
er the I'nited Stutes. and not A I nhii's, hdhallil ifii I mIai
I i ilil 111.11!
dyspeptic is on the list. The only! J0w I have chatted on ! This
one we knew of is John D. Rocke- j would be more acceptable aettl in
feller, and he, you know, we are j sections I presume, but have written
not so well acquainted with person- along at odd moments as I see
ally. They think, too. as we do the beginning page savs julv 10
that legal matters in the I S. are j and it is now Augnn tl sister
(Strangely handled, not the proper re- I Louise's birthday
spect for decisions; the cartoonist;! With very best wishes and kind
the Journalist take away the dignity , est regards to one and all with the
Unit should b.dong to any such high I hope that cur general letters arc
uu,hori,v ; considered personal to each one on
The state statistician, a most 'he list, as well as to those who
Charming, well informed man, was heat' them. Ycurs
speaking of this recently, and gave
an Illustration in point. There w is
Supreme Court, In robes and the
Inevlti ble wigs vvcrn by all court
room dignitaries in all British terri
tory. The mllit:.iy officials were
present in their at ru"tlve lookiug
uniforms. The BglM I tjt families hold
very high social positions in all
these cities. Flags aud flowers and
a well dreesed audience mi de a
most interesting, brilliant spe la Ie
The service you have perhaps
read, as we see In the American pa
pers that still come to Clev a fam
lly from Chicago the full accounts
of the coronation week. Because
we were strangeis and had special
tickets of admission we had most
excellent positions. The special
heralding of the king by the bugk-r
cr trumpeter was mos, Impressive,
and we were quite transposed to
r rem a ne: ; cupboard underneath
the seat was taken a complete eut
llt: plates, eg) s and saucers, silver,
etc., belonging to the launch, and
we had a delightful picnic on the
water: flags flying, bands playing
and an expectant, happy throng.
Continued blowing of whistles all
along the three mile race course an
nounced the coming of the scullers.
I rhink the excitement was of just
the type that we had over seeing
the motor races tluit day our three
auto K.ael Hatched the racing cats
round the two points In the e'ttfit
mile course from our point of van
tage, when we went to secure seme
in the wee snia' hours of early
morning.
If I were living in Sydney I am
sure 1 should be ge interested in
Westminster Abbey In our thoughts owning a muter launch as a motor
as we knew from our visit to th,oar in California, No dust - Just
n cenain case in the courts per
taining to land givnts. which in h'i
judgment should have been decided Franklin
a certain way, as it was a subject
on which he was well informed
however, that morning his paper
stated the judge's decision was the
reverse of his opinicn. as well as
numerous other thoughtful men. But
as several others who tbooajht with
him, in meeting that day, he snid
not one word of critioLsm was utter
ed. The judge was honorable, he
was cognizant of every phase of
the situation, a man whom they
trusted in that high position, and
his decision was not to be question
ed. They cannot understand, for n
stance, why the fine of $29,000,000
has net been collet ted from the
Standard Oil Company in C. S. A.,
the second trial of Renf of San
Krain isco, the ever feeling and ac
tion that a decision In court Is not
a decision, and such delay in exe
cuting final court decisions.
l.alxn- people here have met
easy times. They are so prosperous
that they are absurdly independent,
and so often no sense of honor.
Tliey are a most different type than
the corresponding party in C S. A.
I am greatly interetttd in an am
bitious little dressmaker, a bright,
well educated, nice girl smarting a
new business place near by aud do
ing some sewing for me. For two
weeks she has had an "ad" in the
paper for two assistant dressmak
ers. Not one response has she had,
aud hns to turn away "work, net sure
he can continue the shop as rent
is high, otherwise a flue busun pj
opening but no one needy enough to
a.--e'si her
One Saturday afternoon, not long
slnte, Commander and Mrs. Brown-
H. Mori and Grace R. I'orter.
INJURED BOY IMPROVING
Hemingway Rtcoverino
from Injury Received at School
We are pleased to inform the
many Alliance and Box Butte coun
ty friends of Mr. and Mrs. A. T.
Hemingway that their little boy
Franklin is recovering from the in
Jury he received at school in Kan
sas City, Monday, April :'7th, men
tion of which was made in this pa
per ease weeK. . letter to A. P.
Lee from Mr. Hemingway gives the
following Information concerning the
accident:
The principal of the school was
coaching some of the older a6ye in
putting the shot. Cnfortunately.
the ground which they were using
was not fenced off from th gener
al play ground. Franklin was play
ing tag with some other small boys
and ran across the ground that was
being used by the larger boys jU(i
as the principal was putting the
eight pound shot. It struck him
squarely cn the side of the head,
back of and a little above the left
ear.
This was at 10:. "SO a.m. He was
rendered unconscious and did not
rgfgtjj consciousness until 4:5o p.m
end then only for a moment, but
he recognized his mother. From
that time on he was conscious at
frequent intervals during the night,
and has continued to improve since
much to the delight of his parents'
and their many friends.
WANTED. STOCK TO PASTURE
Good pasture on Snake creek
twelve miles west of Alliance. Good
v ater A. W. JAY. Alliance
1' I J -1 ''!e