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FOR SILO
Address of Prof. A. L.
Hneckcr of Nebraska
State University at Con
vention of Iowa Dairy
men and Buttcrmakcrs
"The times nre very ripe for
the silo, and this does not imply
that the silo has not boon n good
thing in the pnst or that those
who have had silos for ten or
fifteen years were ahead of their
time, but conditions today make
the silo more necessary on the
average stock farm, than they
were over before.
"Land has greatly increased
in value- and must now earn moro
than it did in the past. Not only
has the price of land increased,
but also the cost of roughago
and grain which increases mater
ially the cost of feeding stock.
Labor has also advanced and as
the silo is a labor saving device
for feeding cattle, it should be
reckoned in this light. The in
creased production of alfalfa has
been used by somo farmers as an
argument in'.opposition to silos,
counting that with good alfalfa
hay, they did not need corn en
silage. This I wish to use as an
argument for the silo. If a man
has alfalfa hay in abundance,
then ho certainly needs corn en
silogo, for as the engine needs
coal, it also needs water. In the
past, the expensive part of a
stock ration was digestible pro
tein and all rations were figured
on this basis, when accounting
for their cost and value. With
alfalfa hay in abundance, the pro
tein side of the ratio is well taken
care of and the next consider
ation is to ilnd a cheap succulent
form of carbohydrates. Hero is
where corn ensilage isunexcelled.
By combining these two great
food stuffs, alfalfa hay and corn
ensilage, we have the cheapest
and best source of economic
stock feeding.
"The silo will bo instrumental
in promoting winter dairying,
and by winter dairying, the
profits in the dairy business will
be doubled. I was informed re
cently by a creamery man oper
ating in Nebraska, that his but
ter output during the three
months of summer was equal, in
volume, to the other nine months
of the year. This necessitates,
naturally a great waste of equip
ment and labor on the part of
the creamery, and as far as the
producer is concerned, it is use
less to mention the wastefulness
of such a method.
SILO SAVES LABOK.
"The silo will also, to much
extent, save labor in feeding and
caring for the stock. To have a
large supply of succulent forage
close at hand, away in good con
dition, in all kinds of weather,
is no small item for the feeder.
Those vho prefer corn fodder
over oaVs to uilage, will admit
that their system is very dis
agreeablo during the winter
months when the snow and ice
have coveredthe forage and
oftenjrendered it totally unfit
for stock food. The present
custom of allowing the stalks to
remain in the field, where they
are for a few weeks gleaned by
the animals and the balance of
the winter, wave at scarecrows
in the chilly winds, certainly
should be discontinued, for
while it is evident this system
will be in practice for many
years to come, it cannot be
profitable to the stock farmer.
"It is needless for me in this
presentation of the subject to
discuss the merits of corn ensil
age as a ration for stock. Suf
ficient experiments have been
carried on by hundreds of prac
tical feeders and many experi
ment stations during the past
twenty-five years to well estab
lish the fact that corn ensilage
is a good succulent ration and
one which, in many respects,
- takes the place of pasture. I
wish to devote my time prin
cipally to the dollars and cents
side of the question. In casting
about for good reasons why
a few arguments which I will
here attempt to answer. One of
the first and most frequent
heard is that the silo is an ex
pensive equipment and only
those who are well-to-do can af
ford to maintain one; in other
words, they feel too poor to
build a silo. Another reason
why they do not have a silo is
because they claim they have
plenty of other feed, in fact,
they have feed to sell. In an
swering the first I will offer a
table, which I have compiled
from various reports and which
is an attempt to give liberal val
uation as to cost and conserva
tive estimates as to yield.
COST OF SILAGE.
"As corn silage is not sold on
the market and has no quotation,
its value must be found by care
fully ascertaining the cost. To
find the cost of producing corn
ensilage, much averaging is ne
cessary for no two farms report
the same figures. In the tables
hero given, I have taken results
from the states of Wisconsin,
Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska,
and I find the variations among
the states much less than would
bo supposed.
"Table showing cost of grow
ing silage corn:
Rent of land per acre S-l
Plowing and harrowing... 2
Seed corn 25
Planting 30
Harrowing and cultivating
four times 2
50
00
25
Total $0 30
Yield 18 tons per acre.
Cost per ton 72.
COST OF FILLING THE SILO.
11 men at $2 per day $22 00
7 teams at $2.25 per day. . 15 75
1 traction engine per day. 5 00
Engineer , 2 00
To coal 3 00
Total .,$47 75
Silage cut per day, 75 tons.
Cost to put in silo, perton, OSf.
Cost of silo and harvesting
machinery $000 00
Interest at 0 30 00
Depreciation and repairs 58 00
Taxes and insurance .... 0 00
Total ..$"00
Cutting -100 tons, perton.
Cost putting in silo
Cost growing corn
00
88
Total cost for two or more
farms, per ton $1 00
Cost of 150 tons, one farm,
per ton 2 02
"Prom the table given, it will
bq seen that an attempt has been
made to cover all expenditures
liberally and even such items as
depreciation and repair of ma
chinery, besides taxes and in
surance, are counted. Two total
results are given: One intended
for farmers who co-operate in
their work and use one equip
ment for filling two or more
silos. Naturally it will be seen
that such a method would great
ly reduce the total cost of the
ensilage. Even though the
farms are several miles apart it
is not difficult to transport the
harvesting and cutting machin
ery and certainly it is advisable
when realizing that the saving
in the expense of making ensil
age by thus method is from 40c
to 50c per ton. Where four or
five silos are filled on as many
farms the total cost of ensilage
would bo but $1.50 perton, while
one farm, putting up 150 tons
without co-operation or assist
ance, the cost would be about $2
per ton.
PKODLEM OF HELP SOLVED.
"It is often argued that it is
impossible to find the necessary
labor to put up the ensilage at
the proper time. This in somo
cases, no doubt is a vexing prob
lem, but whore it is possible to'
more farmers and stock breeders get the grain threshed in shock
do not have silos, I have found or stack, it is also possible to
put up ensilage by the same
lalrar system. Silo filling time
comes as a rule between shock
and stack threshing and it would
not be difficult in most commun
ities, by arranging ahead of
time, to get sufficient help to put
up the ensilage. If there are
two or moro silos in the com
munities, it is quite easy to put
up the ensilage and do it with
the greatest economy.
"I am often asked concerning
the relative value of different
kinds of hay and silage. It
should be understood that such
comparisons are difficult and do
not illustrate the full value of
the ensilage, for it does not value
the succulent nature of the en
silage, or its cooling, appetizing
effect on digestion, as with blue
grass, when analyzed fails to
show any marked abundance of
nutriment and yet we know the
beneficial effect of the food.
Waiving these, the most valuable
qualities in corn ensilage, we
can compare it with hay as fol
lows: "Value of corn ensilage based
on digestible carbohydrates.
'One ton of ensilage equals
one ton of sugar beets.
"Three tons of ensilage equals
one ton of clover liqy.
"Three and one-half tons of
ensilage equals one ton of alfal
fa hay.
"One-half ton ensilage equals
one ton pumpkins.
"In a rude way this table has
been compiled to avoid fractions
of tons given in terms of pounds.
It must, therefore, be considered
a rough estimate. However,
basing the value of hay at the
present price, it will be found
that corn ensilage in every case
is a cheaper food. The feeding
value of corn ensilage, based on
present prices of food stuffs, I
have placed at $5 per ton. This
is giving ensilage due credit not
only for its digestible nutrients,
but also, its succulency. Sugar
beets are generally based at this
price and as the two are about
equal in feeding value, we may
use the one to base the price of.
the other. Prom the figures al
ready given, it will be noticed
that the cost of producing corn
ensilage under the most expen
sive system is about $2 per ton,
which gives this food a decided
advantage over beets in respect
to cost.
ECONOMY OF THE SILO.
"One of the benefits of the silo
which is of no small consequence,
is its great economy of storage
space. We find from estimates
made by different experimental
stations that the weight of a
cubic foot of corn ensilage varies
from thirty-five to fifty-five
pounds, according to the amount
of moisture the ensilage carries
and to the location in silos, as
too near top or bottom.
"The following will show the
difference in the space required
by hay in mow compared with
ensilage in silo:
"One ton ensilage, 50 cubic feet;
one ton of hay, 500 cubic feet;
one ton of ensilage, cost to put
up, 48c; one ton of hay, cost to
put up, $1.50.
"It will be seen that ten times
more space is required for hay
than ensilage and I do not be
lieve it possible to construct
even a cheap hay shed, to say
nothing of a barn, for the price
required to store the same
amount of ensilage. With the
ordinary hay loft in a good dairy
barn, the cost of storage space
would be three times that of the
silo.
"The above also gives a com
parison between the cost of
harvesting corn ensilage as com
pared with hay, It will be seen
from these figures that corn en
silage can be put up for nearly
one-third the cost of harvesting
the hay. These figures do not
allow for interest on money in
vested in machinery or -storage.
While hay is about throe times
richer in food elements, it is still
an expensive roughage as com
pared with silage for stock.
"In summing up the subject,
it is safe to state that until the
feeder can find a food equal to
corn ensilage for even twice the
cost he had, better seriously con
sider the silo. Under present
conditions, I believe that one-
fourth of the farmers keeping
stock in the corn belt will find
the silo an economic equipment.
An acre of corn put in the silo I
value at $55, while the same corn
standing in the field and husked
in the usual manner I value at
$27. This is accounting for all
cost of harvesting. Then an
acre in silo is worth two in the
field, or, putting it another way,
the silo doubles the value of the
corn ci'op.
"By using the silo to furnish
carbohydrates and the legumes
to furnish the protein, we need
have no fear of making a fair
revenue from our land, even
though it increased in value
threefold and we receive the
same prices for our products.
We are, indeed, a fortunate peo
ple to be located in a country
where we can produce these two
great food elements so cheaply
and easily. Now is the time for
the farmer to study the silo sub
ject as he never did before. Get
silo-wise and don't be afraid to
be the first in your community
to take up the enterprise. This
is my advice to the dairyman
and stock farmer."
WOE TO PHONE RUBBERERS
Holdrege Man Invents Device for
Party Lines.
Holdrege, Neb., Dec. 27. A. C. How
ard, a resident of UiIb city, has Bpent
much of his time during the Inst three
years making Improvements In the tel
ephone and announced thnt he has se
cured a patent on a device which
would prevent "rubbering In" by tele
phono patrons on party lines.
This remarkable .Invention, which la
designed to give private service over
party lines, Is a small mechanical de
vice no larger than an ordinary alarm
clock. With nil the phones on a line
equipped with the indicators, the
troubles of tho "rubborer" would bo-
gin. Tho moment a receiver Is taken
from tho hook a sjgnnl Is passed out
over the line, and as each phone hns a
different signal, It is known at once
whose receiver Is down. If two people
nro conversing and n third party de
sires to quietly overhear the conversa
tion, he cannot do so without sending
out his signal ns he takes down his re
ceiver, thus letting those talking know
which phone has cut In. An unusual
feature of the Invention is that It In
dicates the length of tlmo a telephone
is kept In use.
POLICE SUE FOR REWARD
Omaha and South Omaha Officers Co
After Bandit Ransom.
Omaha, Dec. 23. The Omaha and
South Omaha police olllcers who took
part in the arrest of the Overland Lim
ited mall robberB are arranging to file
siUtH in Intervenor as claimants to a
portion of the $25,000 reward offered
by tho Union Pacific Railroad com
pany nnd the postofllce department for
the apprehension and conviction of
the bandits.
The Omaha olllcers who will Iny
claim to n part of the reward are Cap
tain Mostyn and Detectives Patullo,
Davis and Holl. The South Omaha
olllcers who will file similar suits are
Captain TJrlggs, Policemen Turnqulsi,
and Mawhlnney and Detectives Els
felder and McCrea. These suits will
be llled' within a few days.
The question of the division of tho
rewards will be left to tho United
States circuit court, where the orig
inal suit and intervening suits are
brought. Tho distribution of tho gov
ernment reward of $5,000 will depend
on the circuit court decision.
REHEARING IS DENIED
of
Supreme Court Refuses Request
Dinuzzo's Attorneys.
Lincoln, Dec. 27. Tho supreme court
overruled the motion for a rehearing
In the case of the state against DI
nuzzo, winding up the efforts to re
open the 8 o'clock closing case. Sim
ilar action was taken In the Hoskovec
case against tho Omaha Street railway
company in which a $ 12,000 judgment
was secured.
Everett Edwards, serving n ton-year
term In the penitentiary on the charge
of having performed a criminal opera
tion which resulted in the death of n
young woman in Kearney, was before
tho governor asking for executive
clemency. He was accompanied by
Attorney Flansburg and a number oi
society women of Lincoln, who ap
plaudod vigorously when Warden
Smith said Edwards had been a model
prisoner,
M. E. Shultz Dies In Newark.
Beatrice, Neb., Dc. 24. Word was
received here announcing the death
of M. E. Shultz, formerly of this city,
which occurred at tho homo or his
son-in-law, W. W. Amos, nt Newark,
N. J. Mr. Shultz was twice mayor
of Beatrice and at one time was grand
master workman of the Ancient Order
of Unijted "Workmen of Amorlca
YOUR DOLLAR
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idea where It will buy the most.
eThe old, story
of love is told
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about to be published
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p n
One Way
of Love
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IT is entirely unlike the love
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It is a story that will grip
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has experienced the meaning
of the word "love." In other
words, if a really GOOD story
appeals to you, watch for the
opening chapter of
One Way of Love
"OCT"
JAS. GRAHAM'
wrawatMaitet
Groceries, Fresh and Cured
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