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Making Money
On the Farm
XVIII. -The Vegetable
Garden
By C. V. GREGORY.
Author of "Homo Courso In Modern
Agriculture"
Copjridhl. 1909, by American Prrn
Association.
A
GOOD vegetable garden will pro
duce at lenEt linlf of the tani
ll.v's thing during the sum
mer months, io say nothing ol
tho vegetables thnt may be canned or
stored In the cellar for winter use.
Many fanners object to a garden as
causing too much work. That Is large
ly because they make it so. The lar
gest Item of work Is hoeing, nnd if the
garden Is uronerly planned and man
aged little of thnt will need to be done.
The mistake most often made Is In the
location of tho garden. It la put In a
little corner back of the house where
there Is no room to use horse tools. It
Is much better to plant n few fruit
trees In such a spnee and locate the
garden some place where It can be
worked by horsepower.
Securing Early Vegetables.
A south slope Is best If early vegeta
bles are wanted. A sandy soil Is nlso
a big help in getting things started
early, but almost any soil may bo
made to give good results by draining
and manuring. Fall plowing Is a nec
essary btep In getting the garden plant
ed early. Then as soon as It Is dry
enough to work in the spring It Bhould
be disked and harrowed until the best
possible seed bed Is produced.
Enrllness is a prime essential In a
vegetable gnrden. One of the main
satisfactions In having n garden Is In
being able to send a mess of peas or a
watermelon to the neighbors before
they have any of their own. Then,
10. XXXV SUCTION OP HOTBED.
too, the family begins to get hungry
for green stud usually long before
there Is any for use.
Besides having light, early soil, a
south slope and preparing the ground
iv.rly, there are a number of other de
vices that can be resorted to to secure
earlluess. Oue of the most Important
of these is the hotbed. A hotbed costs
little, nnd after Its advantages have
once been found out by actual trial It
Is seldom abandoned. The best loca
tion for n hotbed is on the south side
of a building. It should face the south
In order to get the most possible heat
from the sun. The main source of
heat, however. Is fermenting horse ma
nure. A pit may be dug for the ma
nure, but the hotbed will be just as
successful If the manure Is piled on
top of the ground. The pile should bo
about two feet deep and slnpld be
spread out tint nnd packed tightly. It
should extend out about two feet eiu-h
way from the frame that Is to be nw'il.
The manure used should have the
proper proportions of strnw nnd mois
ture, so that It will bo springy, hut
not too loose.
It Is a fact that much of the success
of the hotbed depends on the proper
condition of this bent supply. If tho
manure U too fnr advanced In decom
position the fermentation will not be
active enough to generate the proper
amount of heat. On the other hand, if
active fcrmentntlon has not nlready
begun the necessary hent will not be
on hand when it Is wanted, and ger
initiation and growth will be alto
gether too slow. A little careful at
tention to this matfer will prevent dis
appointment. The frame may bo of any desired
size, .according to the el7e of glns thnt
can bo secured. A storm window
makes a good top for n hotbed. If no
glafcs can be Feenred n ?ash covered
with musll.i may be used. The framo
uhould be about eight Inches depp In
"front and fourteen behind. As soon ns
tho manure has been packed In place
the frame should bo placed upon It
and about five Inches of rl'h soil plac
ed Jnslde. The best way to get this
soil Is to store It away In a barrel tho
fall before, as you will want It long
before the ground thnws In the spring.
Managing tho Hotbed.
The proper time to start the hotbed
Is njiout six weeks before the ground
outside will be ready for planting.
About three dnys after tho hotbed has
beon started the temperature will have
.-become uniform, and the fceeds can be
planted. They can bo planted thickly,
since they are to be taken up before
they have made much growth. The
principal plants blurted In a hotbed
nr oubbaeos and tomatoes. Lettuce
and radishes may also be grown In
the hotbed and If planted thinly
enough may be left there until they
arc large enough to use. If you want
n fow oarly melons or cucumbers tho
seed mny be planted In Mrawburry
boxoa of dirt and placed In the hotbed.
When the wenthor Is sulllcle- tly wnrm
outside they may he sot out In the
garden. The roots w HI make their way
through tho sides of the box. and three
or four weeka will be h-ivp1. This U
n i lexer rtclip f' r treiting ea l sow
ings of plants nul. h do nt be-r trans
l Mllnp Started In ii'is v. iy early In
the season they may be transferred,
box and nil, Into the gnrden bed and
suffer no backset.
During cold nights the hotbed should
be covered with straw or old carpets
to keep It from getting too cold Inside. J
On sunshiny dnys the snsh mny Inn e j
to be rnlsed during the warmer part
of the day to give ventilation. TLo .
plants should be watered In the morn-'
lng on warm days only to prevent too ,
great n reduction of temperature. i
A swilil tn tiin Id ill mnut ti u tiitniiucnr't'
" '"" "",MV '? """" M" "v "T" " I
as a uoiueti. xne pianis rniscu in a
hotbed nre very tender und are liable
to be Injured If transplanted directly
to the gnrden. The cold frame Is
iniulo the suinc ns n hotbed except thnt
no manure Is used. After the plants ,
have obtained a good start In tho hot
bed they should bo transferred to tho
cold frame. Tho plants In the cold
frame nre gradually accustomed to
the outside nlr by leaving the sash up
for longer periods c.i'j diy. This
transplanting nlso helps the tomntot-s
and cabbages In another way, iu that
It makes them thicker stemmed nnd 1
causes better root development. A
stocky plant of this kind la always n
better grower nnd yleldcr.
Early Potatoes.
A good way to secure enrllness In
the case of potnlocs Is to pack n num
ber In sand somewhere where they
will get plenty of light. This should
bo done a week or so before planting
time. As soon as the ground Is ready
these tubers are f.et out carefully so
as not to break off the sprouts which
hnvo started. A week or more In the
enrllness of tho crop can be saved In
this way. The early potatoes mny bo
planted rather shallow and n thick
coating of straw placed between the
rows. On nights when there Is dnnger
of freezing, the plnuts enn be covered
with strnw. No cultivation will bo
necessary, since the straw will keep
tho weeds down nnd conserve mois
ture. When digging time comes tho
straw can be thrown bnck nnd tho po
tatoes will be found on top of tho
ground, or nearly so. Of course this
plan Is not prnctlcnble except or a
few rowB of tho earliest potatoes.
Rhubarb and Asparagus.
Another method of securing enrly
vegetables Is by tho use of perennlnls,
or those which come up from the roots
ench year. The most Important of
these are asparagus nnd rhubarb. As
paragus Is one of the most delicious
vegetables that eau be grown, and It
fills In a space In the spring when
there Is nothing else nvnllablc. Rhu
barb comes nearer to being a fruit,
making appetizing sauce nnd pies.
In starting nn asparagus bed the land
should bo manured heavily and plowed
deeply. One year old plants grown
from seed should ho planted four
Inches deep and n foot npnrt In rows
three feet npnrt. The early spring
treatment of tho asparagus bed con
sists In giving it n thorough disking.
After the cutting season is over a lib
eral coating of mnnure should bo scat
tered between the rows. The stalks
should be cut In the fall beforo the
berries are fully ripe to keep tho bed
from becoming filled with seedlings.
Asparagus cannot be cut much beforo
It Is three years old. Rhubarb is easily
grown from roots planted around In
any out of the way corner and kept
wqll mulched nnd manured.
In planting the garden those plants
which have the same habits of growth
should be put together. Tho enrly
crops should nlso be bunched ns much
ns possible. In some cases nn early
crop may be got out of tho way In time
to put a later one on tho same ground.
Cultivation.
The garden should be laid out In long
rows and as much of the cultivation
as possible dene with n horse culti
vator. A one horao wnlklng cultivator
Is best for this work. A wheel hoe to
get close to the plants nnd into the
corners Is u valuable addition to the
equipment. As a last resort a hand
hoe may have to be used once In
awhile to get the weeds out of the
row. Changing the garden to n new
place every few years Is a big help in
keeping weeds In check. If the garden
is put on clean soil In the first placo)
and few weeds are allowed to go to'
heed the labor problem will be greatly
simplified.
Insects.
Of all tho insects that attack garden
crops the one thnf probably causes tho
most trouble Is the striped cucumber
beetle. A practice often followed
where but a few hills of vine crops
nre grown Is to cover tho young plants
with n frame of mosquito netting. A
.$
32,000 Farmers and Their Families
Read the Nebraska Farmer Every Week.
But that isn't half enough.
I am determined to put the Nebraska Farmer
into every farm home in Nebraska.
This accounts for the marvelous offer which
I make, herewith.
Read every word of what I say below.
A Few Plain Words About Farm Papers
That clnsB of farm papers which treat rollably of farm topics,
including social and political problems ns thoy affect tho farmer,
are doing moro In behalf of tho rellnblo, progressive farmer than
any other one educational factor.
Those papers deservo tho support of tho farmer and Bhould
bo read without stint In overy rural homo.
On tho other hand It must bo admitted that tho farm nowB
paper field is flooded with a lot of so-called publications that aro
published with an oyo slnglo to tho procuring of advertising.
Those papers come unbidden Into your homo, you cannot got
rid of them, thoy carry all kinds of unclean nnd unrellnblo adver
tising and thoy polluto tho minds and thoughts of your children.
On bohnlf of tho NEBRASKA PARMER, I may Bny ub Its
publisher that wo accept no uncloan or unreliable advertising
whatsoever. .
I personally gunrnnteo tho reliability of ovory advertlsor who
uses tho KEDRASKA FARMER.
Wo carry no patent mcdlclno advertising whatsoever.
Tho NEBRASKA FARMER Is a real farm paper. It was
established in 1859. It has been doing good over since. It is
owned and published by real farmers, and should bo rend In
overy farm homo In Nebraska. Sam McKclvIe, president of tho
company, Is a NobraBkn pioneer and now owns nnd operates
3,500 acres of Nebraska land. For tho last three yoars ho has
been called to do Instructing In the live stock Judging depart
ment of the University of Nebraska. Leonard S. Herron, editor
of the NEBRASKA FARMER, was reared upon a Nebraska farm
and completed a course In tho Nebraska School of Agriculture
aB well as tho Iowa Agricultural College. Professors nnd In
structors In tho Nebraska School of Agriculture aro regular con
tributors. Dozens of letters overy woek by our readers constltuto
one of tho most Interesting features of the NEBRASKA FARMER.
The Nebraska Farmer Always Stops When tho Tlmo Is Out
Without a Word From the Subscriber.
A Great Series Of Nebraska Articles
Evory true Nobraskan will want to read tho series of articles ,
on Nebraska farming being published In tho NEBRASKA
FARMER. Ab will bo noted below this serleB of articles
embraces all the Important phases of agriculture, Btock
growing, horticulture, and kindred topics ns relnted to Ne
braska conditions. Each article Is written by nn eminent
authority. When tho a tides will have been completed thoy
will constltuto the most comprehensive, completo, and uuthorltn
tlve work on the subject over published. A book containing
such a compendium of faultless Information would soil readily
PUBLISHER NEBRASKA FARMER.
at $2.00. Through tho NEBRASKA FARMER you procure those
articles at a very low cost, Indeed.
Following Is a list of tho proposed articles and authors:
"Geography, Climate and Mineral Resources Prof. H. R,
Condrn, University of Nebraska.
"Growing Alfalfa In tho Platte Valley," N. O. Dunlap (farmer),
Kcarnoy.
"Growing Alfalfa on Irrigated 8ols," F. L, Young (farmor),
Morrill.
"Alfalfa on Dry Lands," Louis Brott (farmor), Soxtorp.
"Forestry for Windbreaks and Tlmbor," O. S. Harrison, York.
"Dry Farming on the High Plains," Erwln Hopt, North Platto
Experiment Sub-Station.
"Corn Growing In Eastern Nebraska," Leo Smith, Desoto.
"Nebraska Crop Statistics," W. M. Maupln, Stato Industrial
Statistician.
"Growing and Feeding Sheep In Nebraska," Prof. H. II.
Smith, Animal Husbandry Dopartmont UnlvorBlty of Nobraska.
"Soils," Prof. C. W. Pugsley, Department of Farm Manage
ment, University of Nebraska.
"Horticulture In North and Western Nebraska," E. F.
Stephens, Creto.
"Horticulture In Eastern Nebraska," O. Q. Marshall, Secre
tary Nobraska Horticultural Society.
"Corn Growing In Western Nebraska," "Grasses for Sand
Hills and Dry Plains," "Beef Cattle on Sand Hills and Dry Lands,"
H. D. Luto, farmor and correspondent, Paxton.
"Wheat Growing on Dry Lands," "Growing Hogs In Western
Nebraska," Prof. W. P. Snydor, Manager Experimental Station
at North Platto.
"Alfalfa on Eastern Uplands," O. Y. Thompson (farmor),
West Point.
"Tame Grasses In Eastern Nebraska," Hon. Wm. Ernst,
Tecumsoh.
"Tame Grasses In Central Nebraska," "Nebraska's Swine
Industry," Sam McKolvio, farmer and president Nebraska Farmer
Company.
"Beef Cattle Production," Hon. A. C. Shallenborgor, Governor
of Nebraska.
"Dairying In Eastern Nebraska," Morlo Little, BonBon.
"Dairying In Western Nebraska," E. R. Harnly, Beavor City.
"What the Nebraska Hen Does," Mrs. W. L. McKennoy,. poul
try editor Nebraska Farmer.
"Agricultural Education," Prof. E. A. Burnett, Dean of Agri
culture, University of Nebraska.
"Spuds," Vol Koyser, mnnngor Nobraska faruera liutltutos,
"Nebraska's Wheat Industry," "Hay,"1 J S. Herron, editor
Nebraska Farmor.
"Pure Bred 8tock," S. R. McKolvio, publisher Nebraska
Farmor.
The NEBRASKA FARMER Belongs to the Farmers of Nebraska
jt? This Is My Remarkable Offer:
The regular subscription price of tho NEBRASKA FARMER Is fl.00
per year in advance. But In order to Introduce It Into the many hundred
Nebraska homes where it is not now read, I will mako a trial offer of
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS, AND I GUARANTEE TO STOP
THE PAPER AT THE END OF THAT TIME UNLE8S IT IS RENEWED.
Furthermore, I have on hand, soveral hundred Bets of "Language of Flowora"
pest cards. There are ten enrds In a Bet, nil printed In vividly beautiful
natural colors on a gold background, nnd each card contains a verso of tho
language of the flower shown on the enrd. You know whnt post cards
cost you when you buy them nt your local store usually two for five
cents. Then figure tho value of these on that same basis, and you will
know what a remarkably wonderful offer 1 really am making when I say
that I will send the NEBRASKA FARMER TEN WEEKS, AND GIVE A
SET OF THESE BEAUTIFUL FLOWER PO"T CARDS ALL for 10c
(etamps or silver). I want to omplmsizo rigi t hero that this set of post
enrds Is different from any you over saw. Thoy are nbsolutely tho latest
nnd best. Accept this offer today by clipping tho attached coupon and
sendlnc to mo tocether with 10 cents In silver or stamps. I will bo glad
to send you a sample copy of tho NEBRASKA FARMER If you will write
nnd ask for 1L
r:yivrLVii.m7Shiu:vmmKmmimmmmmmmm
KavzitoViti!?m s'vfrrybwirfW' wxvxmEF?jm: twiit ..m.m
The Club Price of the
ALLIANCE HERALD
and the NEBRASKA FARMER is
$2.25
S. R. McKELVIE, Publisher Nobraska Farmer,
Lincoln. Neb.: I encloso herewith 10 cents In (stamps)
(sliver), for which you may send the Nobraska
Farmer ten weeks and tho "Languago of Flowers"
post cards (10 In tho set). Send to
Namo
P. O.
Stato.
MO. XXXVI THIS CAIUlAOn PATCH.
better plan Is to knock the beetles to
the ground by a slight blow and kill
each one with n drop of kerosene.
Sprlukllng the jriunts with pepper, to
Imeco dust or nlr slaked lime will help
some.
Paris green, applied nt the rnte of
one pound to a hundrod gallons of wn
ter. with four pounds of freshly slaked
lime added to prevent Injury to the
foliage, is one of Uvj best ruincdies
for cabbage worms and most of the
nthfr Insects thut Infect garden crops.
T! e big ti.uiiito worms can best 1m
killed 1 kii i king them off Into a
can f K' rocup
Public Sale
The undersigned will sell at
public auction on tho .southeast
quarter of section 9, township
20, range 47, 9 miles north and
three miles east of Alliance, on
WEDNESDAY, NOV. 10, 1909,
commencing at 10 o'clock a.m.,
the following described property:
9 Ilead of Horses, consisting
of 3 work horses, 1 driving
horse, f geldings.
31 Head of Cattle, consisting
of 12 milch cows, 4 two-year-old
steers, 4 two-year-old heifers, 10
calves and 1 bull.
1.") shoats, 2 ewes, 100 ehick
ens, some turkeys, ducks and
geese. Hay in stack.
Farm Machinery, consisting
of 1 binder, 1 wagon, 1 spring
wagon, 1 sot work harness, 1 set
buggy harnoss, 1 lister, 1 culti
vator, 1 plow, 1 disc and 1 har
row. One Empire cream separator,
1 heating stove and othor house
hold goods.
Free lunch at noon.
Terms of Sale: All sums of
yiu and under, cash. On sums
over that amount, 10 months'
time with interest at 10 per cent
from date of stile with approved
security.
MRS. NELLIE HEATH, Prop.
Cols. Wm. Foslcet and H. P.
Coursoy, Auctioneers.
A. S. Heed, Clerk.
Public Sale
I will close out the following
described property at public
auction at my place S. E.i of
Sec. 18-25-49, twelve miles south
of Hemingford, and two miles
north and nine miles west from
Alliance, known as the Tom'
Rubottom place, on
MONDAY, NOV. 8, 1909,
beginning at 10 o'clock a.m.
sharp, the following described
property:
41 Head of cattle, consisting
of 1 registered Hereford bull, 1
grade bull, 7 milch cows, 1 fresh,
7 whito faced cows and othor
cows not broke to milk, 2 yearl
ing steers, 7 steer calves, 4 two-year-old
heifers, 15 yearling heif
ers and .r calves.
0 Head of Horses, consisting
of 1 pair of roan mares, 7 and h
years old, weight around 1400;
1 roan mare, 4 years old; 1 brown
mare, 4 years old; 1 roan mare,
9 years old; 1 black pony, 13
years old.
2 fat hogs and 8 shoats.
Farm Machinery, consisting of
2 breaking plows, 1 riding culti
vator, 1 walking cultivator, 1
12-ft. Monitor drill, 1 7-ft. Mc
Cormick binder, 1 lister, l.disk
cultivator, 1 riding plow, 1 walk
ing plow, 1 haiToW, 1 hay sweep,
2 mowers, 1 top buggy, 2 wag
ons, 3 sets of harness, 1 Empire
cream separator, 1 disk harrow,
1 4-horse potato digger, 1 2-horse
potato digger, 1 hay rack.
Household goods, 2 stoves, 20
tons of hay, about 40 tons of al
falfa. Free lunch at noon.
Terms of Sale: Under $10
cash; all sums over $10, eight
months time on bankable paper
drawing 10 por cent interest,
GEORGE KEY, Prop.
Cols. Wm. Fosket and H. P.
Coursey, Auctioneers.
A. S. Reed, Clerk.
Time Table
Alliance, iNfebr,
OOlNd E8T AR. M. T. I.V. O. T
No, ri, I)lly Lincoln Vly
erbtoi iilHonocA, IJrok
uu How, Itiircuiia, etc 2:Sja.m, 3.S0a.m
No. 41. Daily, r.ocul from
AUIunru toSnecu: llirncu
stops at Mcrim. llrokuu
How, lUvunnuj etc 11:45 u.m. 1:00 p.m
No. 38. Dully. From hU?o
inoutuiul UcuchviKXl 1.33ii,ra.
(IOIM1 WhST AU. C T. LV. If. T.
No. 41. Dullv. Kljor- -Edgc-
IllOIlt. Ilt-HUWOOU.NUWCUI-
tie, etc 4:55 a.m. 4:10 a.m.
No. 43, I.iieiil, Erigumont.
Nuncasllo midwest 1.30 p.m, 1": 45 p.m.
Xii. 113, Dally, Hdgeiuout and
Deariwood ,. 3:20a.m.
QOI.NCl SOUTH LV. M. T.
No. 301. Denver Flyer 2:&5u.m.
No. 30tf, Denver Lociil con
nects at llrI(li?eport with
Guernsey local 12:45 p.m.
COM1KO KOIITII AU. M. T
No Sttt. Flj er from Denver. 3:10 u.m.
No. 304. Local from Denver
and Uuuriibey ll:M)u.m.
Your Printing
It should be a fit representative of your
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tistic kind, That.i the kind wo do.
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