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Agricultural Experimentation
in Box Butte County
C
2 PROF. E. W. HUNT, Director ",
:i
Advantages of
Fall Plowing
I wish the farmers of northwestern Ne
braska would take this matter of fall plow
ing seriously to hsart. Not that it is
beneficial here alone; it is beneficial every
where in the state, and in no part of the
state should bo neglected. But in north
western Nebraska It is more than benefi
cial, it is necessary to certainty in crop
production. Of course there may come
seasons when a farmer may raiso reason
ably good crops with the ordinary method
of cultivation. Dut there are certain to
come seasons, and the present season is
one of them, when, unless there has been
adequate preparation of the soil and prop
er cultivation of the crop, failure is cer
tain to result. The intelligent, progres
sive farmer will endeavor always to be
prepared for the worst) and then if tho
season happens to be favorable his re
turns will be so much the greater. Hut
let him always be prepared for tho worst,
for the worst Is liable to come at any
time. To neglect this is to imperil his
chances.
In northwestern Nebraska it is the ques
tion of molsturo in the soil that we have
to reckon with. Plants, as well as ani
mals, liavo to be fed in order to grow.
They must be furnished material out of
which to build plant tissues. Unless this
is furnished them they will sicken and die
starve to death. They ore not able to
take this material, this plant food, in
bulk. It must first bo dissolved in water,
and this water holding this material in
solution is sucked up by the feeding root
lets of the plants and goes to build new
tissues. In this way the plant grows.
This is the only way in which it can take
food. It follows then of necessity that
unless there is water enough in the soil to
dissolve this plant food, the plant cannot
get it, and cannot grow. An adequate
rainfall supplies this necessary moisture
Dut where the annual rainfall is scant, it
must all be stored and saved. This is the
condition in northwestern Nebraska. Here,
if there is to bo assurance of a crop year
after year, the total rainfall must be stored
and saved. The rainfall hero is adequate
if it Is properly taken care of. Nature
does her part. It remains for man to do
his part. If ho falls to do this and he
loses his crop, let him not blame the
country, or the soil, or tho climate. The
blame is his, let. him take It.
Fall plowing affords the easiest and
most practicable way for storing water in
the soil. If the soil is loosened to n depth
of two inches, these two inches will hold a
certain amount of water before allowing
any to run off. If it is loosened to a
depth of six inches it will hold three times
as much before becoming saturated, l'or
this reason fall plowing should be as deep
as possible. It Is necessary to catch and
hold all of the later fall and winter rains,
all of the snow and the water from molt
ing snow, and all of the early spring rains,
if there is to be certainty of moisture
enough to mature a crop. Whoever neg
lects to store and hold this moisture is
taking desperate chances, and has himself
to thank If he falls. All of the rainfall is
needed, and to let any of it get away is to
invite failure.
Another reason that should persuade
every farmer to practice fall plowing is
that it actually prolong's the season of
growth. Fall plowed land watms up
much more quickly in the spring than land
that has not been stirred. Dut if any one
has doubts about it, it is an easy matter
for such a one to prove it to his own satis
faction by a simple test. Take a ther
mometer, or rather two of them that regis
ter alike, and insert one of them to a
depth of two or three inches in fall plowed
land, and insert the other in a similar
manner in land that has not been stirred,
and note the result. This earlier warm
ing of the soil is a very important fact
that should be taken into consideration by
every farmer. At this altitude, with the
consequent shortening of the season of
growth, it Is an important matter to be
able to add a couple of weeks to the crop
season. The last spring was exceptionally
cold and backward. Tho time for plant
ing was nearly a month later than usual.
No fall plowing had been done; the work
was all bunched together; there was not
time to do any of it well; planting was
delayed till late in June and then hurried
ly, and in many cases Improperly done.
The result is certain to be shown in the
harvest of the all-season crops, especially
corn and potatoes. Work of planting
might have begun at least two weeks
earlier had the ground been deeply plowed
last fall, and that much added to the sea
son of growth. Two weeks at the begin
ning of the season means a great deal to
any crop. No farmer can afford to lose
these two weeks of most importance to
any crop. The only way to secure them
is by plowing in the fall.
I have a single suggestion to offer with
respect to planting corn or potatoes on fall
plowed land. Plant these crops with a
lister, running the rows east and west, in
stead of north and south. When planted
in this way, the ridges thrown up by the
lister will protect the bottom of the fur
row from the cold north winds, and at lb.
same time the bottom of the furrow, where
the seed is planted, will He open to the
sun and be warmed to quick and vigorous
growth, If the lister rows are made to
run north and south, the warming action
of the sun will be more than neutralized
by the cold north winds that will sweep
tho entire length of the furrow. Dut when
potatoes are planted with an ordinary po
tato planter on fall plowed land, they will
grow more quickly and vigorously than
when planted on spring plowing, because
tho fall plowed land warms so much moro
quickly.
At thisclevation.Iam not in favorof spring
plowing for any crop. Hero the rate of
evaporation is double what it Is In the
Missouri valley at the eastern end of the
state. When ground is plowed here in
the spring the chances aro that most of
the moisture that Is In tho furrow slico
will bo lost through the high rato of
evaporation caused by the drying spring
Winds. The success of tho crop depends
on saving this moisture. Besides, if the
seed be planted on the ton of SDriW nlow-
Ing, it will bo planted above the reach of
the moisture brought up from below by
capillary action, for that comes only as
iar as tne ground is solid and unbroken.
It will then have to clcncnd for its molst
uro on tho ordinary rainfall which In some
seasons, liko the present, may not bo suf
ficient to mature the crop. If ground that
has not been fall plowed is to bo used for
a small grain crop, it is better to disk It
thoroughly, lapping tho disk half, and put
In tho seed with a drill, placing it next to
tho firm ground beneath, where It mnv
draw upon the moisture that Is brought up
lrom below by capillary attraction. For
tho same reason I should not spring plow
for cither corn or notatoes. but should
disk as above advised, and then plant with
a lister, running the rows cast and west.
This method will not, however, in ordi
nary seasons, produce nearly as good a
crop of either corn or potatoes, as mlchl
be secured on fall plowing
Now I do not ask any farmer to take my
word alone for all this. That might be
asking altogether too much. But this
much I do ask of every farmer, namelv. to
prove for himself the truth of what I have
said by trying both methods side by side
and noting the result. My only anxiety is
to assist the farmers of the northwest to
make tho most they can under these soil
and climatic conditions. I tell them what
1 bellevo to bo true, and it is up to them
to prove by honest, fair experience wheth
er I am right. . If I am right, they can in
definitely increase their product by fol
lowing my advice.
Save tho Moisture
Most parts of the county have by this
timo received a plentiful rain. It was
sorely needed, and in some parts.tho need
is still great. The fortunate ones should
get busy at once to save all they can of
what they have received. Let them get
into their corn and potatoes at once with
cultivators. Do not cultivate too deep.
Stir the soil not deeper than threo inches,
so as to prevent the moisture from rising
to the surface and being lost by evapora
tion. Keep it where the feeding rootlets
of the corn and potatoes can get at it. Do
not go too deep. At this time of the sea
son the fine, almost invisable feeding fila
ments of the plants stretch from row to
row, and deep cultivation will cut them
off and rob the plant of just so much feed
ing power. Do not get too close to the
rows. The young potatoes just set and
beginning to grow should not be disturbed
or they may stop growing. If the main
trunk roots of the corn are disturbed by
cultivating too close, it will work great in
jury to the crop. But stir the soil at
once. Show your appreciation of the
rain by saving the moisture received. Put
off haying or other work till this is done.
By neglecting cultivation now, more will
be lost than gained in any other work.
. Care of the Teeth In Summer. &
Horace Fletcher la of the opin
ion thnt In the summer the dust
lnden atmosphere is particularly
Injurious to the teeth. Ho says:
"Dental defects causa far more
disease than the public imagines.
"In the dust laden atmosphere
of towus tho teeth nre very lia
ble to disease," lie says, "and
eveu when healthy are neces
sarily dirtied. Some yo so far
as to advise all town dwellers
dally to WASH OUT TUB NA
SAL PASSAGES AND TO GAIN
GLU TUB TIIUOAT; but. what
ever may bo thought of this. It
Is certain that under existing
dietetic conditions special means
are needed In order to keep the
month and teeth clean.
"When man fed on raw food
this was not necessary, the food
Itself and tho copious llow of
sallvn, Induced by prolonged
mastication, effectually cleans
ing these parts, but under pres
ent conditions food tends to re
main within tho mouth, especial
ly between tho teeth and in their
crevices, and therefore special
means aro uecded to remove It.
"This Is done by cleaning the
teeth and by rinsing tho mouth
after each meal."
04if;:U'riUU'.rf'-v:V'rtkvuuvo
IOWA HAPPENINGS
Stepson Admits That He Mur
dered Thomas Currier.
MYSTERY IS CLEARED AWAY.
Confession to Made to Man Who Sue
ceeded Victim as His Mother's Hus
band Currier Wao Found Near
New Virginia With Head Split
Open With an Axe and a ullct In
His Side.
Indlnnoln, In., Aug. 17. What Is be
lieved to ho tho solution of ono of tho
most remarkable murrtor mysteries
In tho annals of Iowa has beci
reached heio through tho confession
of Hnrry Hutchinson, a twelve-yoar-old
boy, that ho killed Thomas Cur
rier, his stepfather, a wealthy farmer,
at his homo near Now Virginia, In
this county, on tho night of March 1,
last. Tho hoy's confession was mado
to Gcorgo Brand, who recently beenmt
tho successor of tho Into Thomas Our
rlcr ns his stepfather.
Harry said CurrJer had abused both
him nnd his own son,' Fred. His story
Is to tho effect that when ho and Fred
returned from New Virginia In tho
evening Currier had refused to let
thorn In tho house, though tho weather
wns bitterly cold, but had' sent them
away to pasture to drlvo In the cat
tle. It was 10 o'clock when thoy ro
turnod and Currier ngaln refused to
let them In. Then Hnrry sayB ho
broke Into tho Kitchen through n win
dow nnd secured his rifle.
Later when Currier emerged from
the house and made a rush towards
them, ho opened fire. Tho bullet struck
Currier's neck. Ho fell in his tracks,
and the boy completed his murderous
work with an nxe. Then h'o tied tho
body to a wagon, hauled it out and
throw It Jn tho ditch whore it was
later found.
HIT IN FIST FIGHT; MAY DIE
James Hanshaw in Critical Condition
at Bedford.
Bedford, In., Aug. 17. James Han
shnw lies at the point of death hero
on account of Injuries to his head re
ceived in falling after be,lng struck by
William McCoun, who Is held under
$1,000 bonds awaiting tho outcome of
tho Injuries of Mr. Hansliaw.
Some ono circulated tho rumor that
Carrio Nation, while here, had slapped
McCoun .and ho was looking for tho
man thnt started tho story. Ho en
countered Hanshaw and thoy got Into
an altercation, which resulted ,ln Mc
Coun Btrlking Hanshaw. Hanshaw,
falling, struck his head on tho cement
walk and Is unconscious still, nlthough
his skull is not fractured.
OLDEST MAN IN IOWA DIES
Cornelius Monahan passes Away In
Clinton at Age of 103.
Clinton, In., Aug. 14. Cornelius
Monnhnn, horn In Irolnnd In 180G and
said to have been tho oldest man In
Iowa, is dead at his home hero. As a
youth he wns a sailor on tho high seas
and great lnkes. Coming to Chicago
when It was nn ImUan village, ho
marked tho slto of tho future metrop
olis. Ho has twenty-seven descendants.
SLASHES AGED BLIND MAN
Patrick Ryan Probably Fatally Wound
ed by Tramp at Clinton.
Clinton, In., Aug. 17. An unknown
tramp was arrested after making a
murderous attack on Patrick Ryan, an
aged blind man, at whoso house l.o
was drinking. The assailant refuses
to talk and his Identity is unknown.
Ityan's head Is terribly gashed with
an nxe, but he still Uvcs.
TEACHER IN DROWNED
Van Buren County Young Man Fell
Out of Boat.
Ottumwn, la., Aug. 14. Ernest Mil
ler of Bonus Lenndo wns drowned In
tho Des Moines river south of Keo
sauqua. Mr. Miller had been teach
lng In tho Van Buren county schools
for the last fifteen years.
More Flour Is Under Ban.
Davenport, la.. Aug. 17. Fourteen
hundred sacks of alleged bleached
flour, tho product of the Wells, Ab
bott, Nleman & Co. of Schuyler Neb.,
were seized here upon order of Unit
ed States Attorney Colonel M. L. Tem
ple, through Dr. Artemus Brown, food
Woman Kills Herself.
Cedar Rapids, In., Aug. 17. While
her husband and seven small children
were at dinner In tho form homo near
Wnuheok, Mrs. Roso Schvntel went to
tho barn and took a fatal dose or"
strychnine. No cause is known ex
cept she had been despondent.
Infant Drowns In Jar.
Charter Oak, la., Aug. 1C. Tho In
fant hoy of Mr. and Mrs. Edward
Prnuchkr was drowned in an eight
gallon Jar containing about four gnl
Ions of water, while two of the chlld'e
brothers played about the yard.
Victor Steel Drowns at Clinton.
Clinton, Iii., Aug. 17. Victor Steel,
aged twenty-five, son of a prominent
Fulton (la ) btove manufacturer, waj
drowned In the Mississippi. He fell
from the forrjboat.
Drowning at Burlington.
Burltngton, la., Aug. 16. Elrae'
Splket, aged fourteen, was drawiwl
while swimming Sn tue river. His bDfiy
was recovered.
WIFE WITNES8 TO DROWNING
Sees Husband's Vain Struggle In
Water for His Life.
Pleasnntvllle, la., Aug. 17. Tom
Peffers, a well known farmer, In com
pnny with his brother-in-law, John
Speed, wns bnthlng lu the Des Moines
river, a few miles enBt of town. Tho
young men tried to Bwlm across tho
river.
Speed succeeded and wns sitting on
tho opposite bank resting, waiting for
his companion to complete Ids task.
When a little over half way over, Pef
fers' strength failed him, and he
cnlled to Speed to como and help him.
Speed wont to his assistance. Tho
struggles of Peffers, however, ns he
caught hold of his would-be rescuor,
caused both to go undor the water,
and Speed wns obliged to glvo up tho
attempt and save himself.
Whllo the snd tragedy wns being en
acted Mrs. Peffers and her two small
children Blood on tho bnnk and snw
the drowning of husband nnd father.
MINBURN HAS $20,000 FIRE
Blaze Destroys East Side of Business
District.
Mlnburn, la., Aug. 1C Firo de
stroyed several buildings In tho east
part of tho town. Tho loss was nbojt
$20,000. Thrco buildings were con
sumed, tho Slocum furniture aud gen
eral Btore, tho Kellor meat market,
over which ho and his family lived,
nnd the Odd Fellows' building, In tho
lower part of which there was an im
plement store.
The fire started In tne rear or Uio
Slocum store. Tho fire fighters were
aided by tho Ferry company In con
trolling tho llames. Tho burned
buildings aro located on tho cast side
of the business street.
aaSlm
SLASHES FRIEND WITH RAZOR
A. C. Davidson Fatally Wounded in
Barber Shop at Carson, la.
Carson, la., Aug. 14. Mart Ring and
A. C. Davidson of Carson went to
Avoca, Ring paying Davidson's fare to
Bccure his company. Whllo there
Ring purchased n half gallon of whis
ky. On the way homo the liquor was
lost and Ring accused Davidson of
having stolen it. In the evening, whllo
Davidson was In n barber chair get
ting shaved Ring rushed in and at
tacked Davidson with a razor, Inflict
ing wounds from which Davidson Is
Bure to dlo. Ring was drunk when ho
mado the attack. He Is In jail.
FROWNS UPON FOOTBALL
School Board of Clarion Will Make
Parents Assume Responsibility.
Iowa Falls, In., Aug. 14. Ono board
of education In this part of the state
proposes to nssume no responsibility
growing out of the pupIlB playing foot
hall this fall, and has put It up to tho
pnrcnts of tho scholnrs. Tho board
at Clarion has decided to eliminate
football from the curriculum of tho
school unless tho parents signify the,lr
desire that their children participate
in tho game.
EPWORTH ASSEMBLY OVER
Colfax Gathering Comes to a Close
With Hanly.
Colfax, la., Aug. 1C. The Epworth
league assembly closed Us annual en
campment hero with a concert by the
Whitney quintette. Governor Hanly
gave a lecture, but the hot day great
ly lessened the crowd. Several hun
dred dollars were subscribed for park
Improvements and to meet expenses
by business men and Epworth leaguers.
CHAUTAUQUA TENT WRECKED
No One Was Injured, However, at
Centerville,
Conterville, la., Aug. 16. At tho
close of John Temple Graves' lecture
at the Chautauqua a windstorm wreck
ed the tent, but no ono was Injured.
Mr. Graves paid a high tribute to tho
fowa senators for their vote on tho
tariff bill, which he said was cast
"against greed as represented by the
protected interests."
INFANT BURNED TO DEATH
Gasoline Explosion Results Fatally at
la., Aug. 16. In an explo
sion of gasoline here the thirteen
months old child of Mr. and Mrs. Ed
Ward Judd was frightfully burned and
died In a few hours. The mother of
the child was painfully burned In an
endeavor to rescue the little one from
death.
Drownings of a Day.
Des Moines, Aug. 16. Tho following
drownings were reported in Iowa
Kenneth S. Fox, nged sixteen, near
Fort Des Moines; Frank Cheney, aged
sixteen, at Adel; Orvllle Irwin, aged
nineteen, near Oswalt; Thomas Mc
Laughlin, aged twenty-four, at Keo
kuk. Injured by Gasoline.
Ottumwn, la., Aug. 14. Clell Ware,
son of George Ware of Moulton, was
brought to tho Ottumwn hospital suf
fering from severe burns received by
an explosion of the gasoline tank on
an auto. His face and eyes are dis
figured by tho burning liquid.
Hayes Retains .Tennis Title.
Sioux City, la., Aug. 16. Playing a
steady, consistent game, Walter T.
Hayes of Chicago retained his title as
singles tennis chnmnjon in the trl
state tournament here, defeating Ray
L. Branson of Mitchell, S. D In three
straight seta.
Heat Victim at Keokuk.
Keokuk, la., Aug. 16. George King,
an employee of the cereal plant, nnd
aged fifty-five, vns prostrated by tho
heat. At the hospital Jt was said that
m "would die.
STATE FA I
'.fffCOLN '5EPT.$TO0'Ji
onderful displays of
Dve Stock, Agriculture Machinery
Splendid Racing
Iriberati's Band and
Grand Opera Singers,
Pain's Baiile in the Clouds -
with Airship
AihlelicMeet- Carnival -BaseBall
OtIC ANO OtlEHALF RATES ROUND TRIP ON AIL RAILROADS
For information. Premium ust.or airy oauAswrie
tmmiEi&W? LINCOLN. NEB. eiin" lai
R
i
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Hemingford, Nebraska
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