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About The Alliance herald. (Alliance, Box Butte County, Neb.) 1902-1922 | View Entire Issue (March 18, 1909)
. V swar 5tt t yjafc?fewafc.wfcyigM -rr.wv i" r 1 I ;i ' i r I: Home Course In Modern Agriculture VI. How Plants Arc Propagated By C. V. GREGORY, Agricultural "Dl-OUion, lotva State Cottcg Copyright. 1000, by American Prei AMoelatlon IN order to continue to raise crops from year to year wo muMt propa pate the plants In some way.. There nro two prlnclpnl ways ot doing thls-by needs and by divisions of tbo plant itself. The most import tnnt of these is by Bceds, as it is In this wny that most of tho ordinary) farm crops aro multiplied. In order to understand this process we must first learn how the seeds arei formed. Tho tassel of the corn Is the ninlo flower and tho silk the female. Bomo plants, such as certain varieties of strawberries, have only femnlo, llowcrs nnd must be planted In alter nate rows with varieties which havo both kinds of blossoms. In other plants tho mnlo and femalo flowers nro combined in one. This is tho case with the applo and many other fruits. In tho apple the stamens, or malo i rls, grow In n rlne; around tho pistil, or female part, which Is In the center of tho flower. The top of a stamen, which Is expanded, is called tho an ther. This contains n yellow dust, the pollen. The upper portion of 'tho pistil is called tho stigma. From It a tubo called the stylo leads downward to the ovary. This ovary contains ono or mdro egg shaped cells called ovules. Each of these ovules Is capable of de roloplng Into a seed If fertilized with n pollen grain. When a grain of pol len alights on n ripe stigma It Is held by n sticky substance secreted there. It soon germinates and sends n long, thrcadllko projection down through tbo stylo to the ovary. This slender projection enters the ovary, and tho resultant union of the male and femalo elements causes n seed to develop. One, pollen grain Is required for each ovule, and each ovnlo develops Into a Beparato seed. There nro many thou sand pollen gralus produced by each stamen, and as there are several sta mens for each pistil you will seo that a great excess of pollen Is produced. This Is one of nature's methods of making reproduction more certain. In flowers like tho apple tho pollen may sometimes fall directly on tho stigma In the samo fluwer. Moro often, however, the stamen and pistils ripen at d liferent times. Tho object of this is to prevent self fertilization, which, If long continued, will weaken tho vitali ty of tho coming generations. Cross pollination that is, tho fertilization of the ovule of ouo flower by the pollen from another plant unites tho strength of both parents aud produces larger, hardier seed. This has been proved by many exper iments. If the tnssels are pulled from a row of corn before they have tlmo to shed their pollen, the silks must neces sarily bo fertilised by pollen from oth er stalks. The cross pollination will cnuse tho dotasoelcd rows to produco heavier nnd larger ears. If this proc ess Is continued from year to year tho yielding power of that particular strain will be considerably Increased. In such plants as corn the wind car ries tho polleu for rods in every direc tion. Tho nlr In the cornfield Is so filled with tho yellow dust that there Is seldom any danger that tho silks will fall to catch more than plenty to fer tilize each of the many ovules that are to form tho future kernels. Bomo plants, however, aro not so for tunate In this respect. Tho pollen of fruit trees Is carried to Boruo extent by tho wind, but not nearly so much so as that of corn. In such plants as We always have money to loan on real estate security. F. E. Reddish. 8-tf RED POTATOES We have a car of Red River Ohio Seed Potatoes that will arrive here about April first. Come and see us and give orders for what you want. The price will be right. Rl no. xir suction of ciicnnT nr.ossoM BHOWI.NO MALIS AND l'JKMALE I" A 11TB. clover tho stamens aro at the bottom of a slender tube, from which they 1 cannot escape unaided. Plants of this naturo nro dependent on insects to transfer pollen from one flower to nu othcr. In ordor to attract these Insects tho flowers secrete a sweet nectnr, which collects lu tho bottom of tho tubes of which the flowers aro com posed. Ants, flies, butterflies and bees aro very fond of this nectar and In collect ing it carry tho pollen of one flower to the stlgmn of another. Bees arc most Important in doing this work because they gather so much more of the nec tar than do tho other Insects. They oftou carry home some of tho pollen, too, which can bo seen sticking In yel low bnlls ta their hind legs, but enough Is always brushed oil to fertilize the flowers which they visit. The blos soms of red clover aro so largo that the short tongues of ordinary honeybees cannot roach to the bottom. It Is upon tho larger bumblebees that this crop depends for Us ability to produce seed. Indeed, , it is so entirely dependent upon them that the crop of clover seed Is In direct proportion to the number of bumblebees In the neighborhood. It Is anything but pleasant to run Into a big nest of bumblebees with a mower or rake, but before you build a flro. over them stop to think whether you want a crop of clover seed or not. Homo beekeepers are developing Btralns of honeybees with exceptional ly long tongues. Some of these aro able to obtain honey from second crop red clover, which has smaller blossoms than the flrst crop. When these strains of bees become a little better dovelopod and moro widely distributed tho use fulness of tho bumblebee will be over. In the case of small grain cross fertilization is Impossible, since tho flower is Inside of a closed hull, 'two vnrleflcs of wheat may bo planted in adjoining fields or even In tho same field without the slightest danger of mixing. Varieties of corn, on the oth-, er hand, often mix when ns much as forty reds apart. The selection of seed corn will bo taken up In the next nrtlclo. The best method of selecting small grain is ny liHiim nf Mm fiiimliifr mil! Hi fim- ulug through three or four times as j much seed as Is needed all the small ' grains may bo sieved out and the light i ones blown over, leaving only the heav iest, strongest oue3 for planting. I Grain that Is Intended for seed should , bo stored carefully lu order that It may go through the winter uninjured. Tho" chief enemies of stored seed nro mois ture, insects nnd rats nnd mice. Tho seed should bo dry when stored and kept where moisture cannot gain ac- cess to It. Dry seed will stand nlmost any amount of freezing without Injury. There are a number of insects that damage seed grain by burrowing Into tho germ. If the seed room Is tight, they may be killed by fumigating with carbon dlsulphlde used at the rate of a pound to each thousand cubic feet of space. Place this In an open dish on RIVER OHIO Rii1-nrcx : M riO. XIII TUB STOCK AND SCION HEAD! TO UK UNITKD. top of the seed, closo tho room tightly as possible, nnd In a fow hours tho Insects will be exterinlnntcd. Caro should be taken not to go near tho room with a light, as the gas Is ex plosive. This, samo treatment is nlso fatal to rats and mice, unless they havo some way of escaping from tho room. If possible the seed room should bo so well built that these pests can not get Into It Tho second method of plnnt propa gation Is by division that Is, by plant ing parts of the plant Itself. Potatoes aro propagated In this vyny almost en tirely. If small willow nnd poplar branches aro stuck Into the ground, they will grow Into" trees. Apple and other fruit trees are propagated either by grafting or budding. Applo trees may be raised from seed, but tho fruit of Needling trees Is usually worth less. By taking a part of tho tree and growing another from It, It will, of course, bear the same kind of fruit. Grafting consists of Joining pieces of smnll branches or scions of the tree which Is to bo propagated to pieces of roots or stocks. The roots of yearling seedlings nre used for stocks. Tho scions, which should bo nbout the size of a lead pencil, should bo cut In the fall and packed in sand. Tho grafting enn be done at any time during the winter. AH that is necessary Is to cut tho lower end of tho scion nnd tho up per end of tho stock at an angle, as shown In Fig. 13. These aro .then carefully fitted together and tied with a little common string. The essential point Is to bo sure to have the cam bium layer of tho scion Join that Of the stock. This cambium layer is tho thin, light brown portion between tho bark nnd tho wood. It is the point where growth tnkes place. Tho completed graft, which should be eight to ten Inches long, Is again packed In snud. In the spring tho grafts are planted In a row In tho garden and left until they are two or three years old, when they may bo transplanted to their permanent placo In tho orclnrd. Why Goldie Wants to Know The probate judge of Lancaster county, Nebr., is in receipt of the following com munication from a woman who seems to entertain grave doubts as to her condition, whether married or unmarried: "coffee vill ltans febS-lgtxj "probate judge Dear sir I would please ask if george conklin has got a divorce or has put in a bill for it please rite and let me know for I am his wife Mrs goldie conklin please ancer soon to JopliD, mo." State agency for Auto pianos. Hear them play at the Bennett Co. piano store, Alliance. NN"" SEED When You Buy BUT AT HUME The Boms Merchant merit your inpport, they we the mainiUye of tbe community. And when you buy of Home MtrctuuiU, bny of tboie who adrertue. Al'CTIONEKR ELLSWORTH, NEBR. Col. New has had 25 years' experience and is one of the most successful auctioneers in the northwest. Dates made at this office Wm. James, Exclusive Dealer in COAL & ... WOOD 'Phone Alliance, ISo. 5. Nebraska. NOW IS THE SEASON OF COUGHS and COLDS IBRENNAN tS AlWiker AGENT FOR I Grand Island Graiitei I II II 1 1 T 1 ? and Mamie worts ? m All kinds of Granite and Marble 2 Tombstones aud Monuments. 2 Lower prices and less freight than from firms 2 farther east . H. NELSON, Painting, Paper Hanging and Kalsomining Phone 641 Hnce Nebr. Frlctionless Empire Expert pnii ll F. J. All Backed by a Guarantee as Good as a Government Bond I have just received direct from the factory a CAR LOAD of the latest improved 1909 Empire Cream Separators in the different 'Styles, Sizes and Prices, from $50.00 up. If you are thinking of buying; a Cream Separator or have one to trade call and see me at the Alliance Creamery. j I also carry a complete line of REPAIRS for the Empire machines. . W. E. SPENCER Qen'l Agent for Western Nebraska P If You are in Need OF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS A Majestic Steel Range A first-class Hot Air Incubator A De Laval Cream Separator A new Model A Wind Mill A first-class job of Plumbing Any kind of Tinwork Call on Phono 98 They carry THE GOODS, 111 Special, Announcement to Cattle-Raisers PANHANDLE White Faced We are now selling- White-Faced and Short-Horn Pan Handle Steers; yearling-, one, two and three-year-olds, in lots of from 100 to -5, 000. Our prices range as follows: Yearlings, $19 to $23 2-year-old, $24 to $27 3-year-old, $29 to $32 Deliveries from May 10 to June 10 We can sell these steers on time at 8 per cent with good security. Carry steers until 4 years old. Come and see us now to be sure you get your cattle Watkins Sc Feagins Rooms 18 and 19, Rumer Blk. fclllWIMIIHWWIIIIIIHIIIlia Palace C. C. S3IITH, 3?rop. (Successor to S. II. Dcsch) ONE HI CK WEST OF Good turnouts, strict attention to our business, the NE v zuinden and courteous treatment to all has won for us the nrn.n'N'G. 'Phone excellent patronage we enjoy. Trv us. ALLIANCE HOSPITAL GRADUATED NURSES IN ATTENDANCE HOSPITAL STAIT Dr. Bcllwood, Dr. Bowman, Dr. Hand, Dr. Copsey Open to All Reputable Physicians. Address all communications to THE MATRON, ALLIANCE HOSPITAL, Alliance, Nebraska. First-class Views and Commercial Work & Jf Alliance Art Studio M. E. GHEirc, Propr. Artistic Portraits a Specialty ALLIANCE. NEI1R. You know the kind of Separator You Want You'll Find it in the Quality Line of Empires Take Your Choice of Style, Price and Size r1 3VcvesovT&Tos and Prices ARE RIGHT Short Horn Delivered to any stations in Nlebrask a , Wyoming or South Dakota. $i more for Nebraska cattle to River. I Alliance,, Neb- J ivery am. Enlarged Portraits In Every Style & & j Empire Disc S H I -Tfi "- WkO . mm n 11. - - - mfn-iaaiaMtoi