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JAPAN'S EMPEROR.
Very few people have ever known
the emperor of Japan closely. He
must be undergoing something of an
evolution, for theoretically he Is de
signed as a national figurehead rather
than as a natural ruler. The present
crisis must have brought him out as
never before.
The English sometimes date their
pedigrees back to the conqueror with
a certain pride. But Mutsuhlto-tcnwo,
emperor of Japan, is the present rep
resentative of the oldest royal dynas
ty extant. He Is the 121st emperor of
his dynasty, which dates back in nn
unbroken line 2,555 years. He is the
direct descendant of Glnmu, the "di
vine conqueror," who, according to
Japanese mythology, "descended from
heaven on the white bird of tho
clouds."
Up to tho opening of the present
war tho Japanese always carried the
Oriental notion that their emperor
should maintain a certain seclusion
appropriate to his position. The fact
that he was hardly known personally
to his own people made him, however,
more free to go among .them Incog
nito, which he is said to have done
extensively.
In the emperor's reign tho bands of
feudalism that botmd Japan to the
middlo ages have been broken. Ho
granted a constitution voluntarily.
Literature, sclenco and industry were
encouraged. It was only, the remnrk
able advancement in tho reign of Mut
suhlto that made it possible for Ori
ental Japan to be equal to the task
of a possible successful war with
Russia. j
War is costly, but it often lends the
most powerful stimulus to advance
ment. Japan has made more prog
ress within a few years than other
Oriental nations have accomplished
in centuries. Boston Globe.
FARMERS EAST AND WEST.
An Iowa farmer who was bred in
Now England, nfter making a visit to
the old farm, remarks that ho ob
serves an absence of the old-time
thrift and application that once exist
cd among the farmers of New Eng
land. He says they work 300 days a
year in Iowa and that the New Eng
land farmer would have- moro "caBh
money" if he would labor on his farm
at least one-third of each twenty-four
hours for at least nine months in tho
months attend .to the work of turning
year, and during the other three
tho forests Into fields. He admits that
the New England farmer can make
more dollars from an acre of corn
than they can in the west, but that
the western farmer makes it up by
having more acres under cultivation.
Boston Globe.
RUSSIA SHOULD RECALL HIS
TORY. Few, if any, incidents in her history
have reflected more credit upon Rus
sia than her declaration of neutral
rights, in 1780. which led to tho for
mation of the first armed neutrality.
It Is true that that declaration was
formerly, perhaps first, made by Fred
erick tho Great of Prussia, nnd that
from him it was carried to Russia and
suggested to tho Russian empress by
France. But Russia has always had
tho popular credit of it, and It would
seem ungracious to try to rob htr of
it. Rather Is It profitable to recall
that in that famous declaration Russia
limited tho list of contraband articles
to the Items of arms and ammunition
and sulphur. Nay, moro. Tho imme
diate provocation of that act of Rus
sia's was Spain's seizure of two Rus
sian vessels laden with foodstuffs!
It would be a strange turn about for
Russia now to repudiate the principles
of her famous declaration of neutral
rights aid herself to approve and com
mit the very acts ngainst which it
was a protest and a prohibition. In
1870 she organized an armed neutral
ity to uphold tho principle that food
was not contraband of war. Can it bo
that in 1904 she will set herself
against all the world by declaring it
Is contraband of war? In a century
and a quarter has tho world, in her
opinion, relapsed so far towaru Bar
barism? New York Tribune.
THE RUSSIAN SOLDIER'S TEST.
That the Russians have fought so
well after three months of steady de
feats: and retrograde movements
sreaka highly for the character of tho
rank nnd file. Over-burdened and 111
thod as they have been, fighting far
from home In tropical heat, for reasons
m.kiiown to moat of them, the position
of the enlisted men has been bad
tmough to try the Spartan thrco hun
dred Should there now bo a severe
defeat, followed by a rapid retire
ment of tho army upon Mukden or
Harbin, the troops wllj bo subjected
to the severest test to which armed
men can be exposed. Only an army
sulendldly disciplined, well command
ed, devoted to Its officers, and enthu
Kiabtlc in Its cause can come through
inch an experience without disastrous
rt'ults. Of the Russian army of to
day Jt is only known that the men nre
irounrally devoted to tholr officers. It
must not bo forgotten, moreover, that
tho early disasters of 1877 in Bul
garia did not prevent tho Russians
from golcg to the very walls of Con
sicntmorlo later. New York l'ost.
WRITERS
IS CRIME INCREASING?
Whenever a crime of unusual turpi
tude is committed, nnd particularly
whenever n number of such forbid
ding ovents occur in quick succession,
wo hear much about tho "epidemic of
crime," accompanied by lugubrious
comment to the effect that wickedness
Is Increasing, that It is outrunning
the growth of population, that the
country is rapidly degenerating. It
has become the settled conviction of
minds chronically Indisposed to look
upon the sunny side of things that tho
criminal population Is increasing at
a more nlarmlng into than at any
time in the country's history, yet nn
prof is at hand to support this pessb
mlstlc view.
Penologists nro awaiting trust
worthy and sufficiently comprehensive
statistics on this interesting subject.
Samuel J. Harrows, Commissioner for
the United States on tho Interna
tional Prison Commission, declared in
a paper published In 1903 that for
want of any comparative statistics In
tho United States It Is extremely dif
ficult to say whether criminals aro In
creasing with referenco to tho popu
lation, inasmuch as so much depends
upon the activity of the police. Mr
Barrows observes thnt as social rola
tlons multiply the stnndard of pro
prlety and good conduct and of bocla'
protection is constantly raised, ami
when new laws aro rigidly enforceo
"wo may expect an increase for the
time .being in tho number of offender!
until society has adjusted itself to the
new requirements."
It may bo noted that the system ol
newB gathering has been brought to t
high pitch of efficiency in our day
Every crime of importance occurring
almost anywhere In tho country Is 1m
mediately reported. We hear verj
much moro about crime than our for
bears did. Tho diligence of tho re
porters and the news agencies createt
tho impression that the world h
growing worse. Tho law-abiding
millions attract little attention.
Philadelphia Ledger.
CULTIVATE A HOBBY.
"Since tho home woman is the in
dispensable woman, It is a pity she so
often allows herself to fail in her full
development and reward," says an ed
itorial In Harper's Bazar. "She is apt
to bo so unselfish and so conscientious
that the lets the four walls of home
narrow about her, and the simplest
remedy is to have at least one out
side interest. The woman who takes
up one hobby, one charity, one line of
work beyond her household cares,
nnd follows it steadily, will find that
it brings freshness nnd power with it.
It becomes both outlook and Inflow
to her. And the woman with a hobby
grows old so slowly that she often
never grows old at all, but keeps to
the last that freshness of interest
which is the mark of youth."
SPORT AS A PEACEMAKER.
International sporting events aro of
Immense value In promoting good feel
ing between neighboring peoples. Men
are Uko boys In that respect; good
playmates seldom become very blttci
enemies. Orientals break bread to
gether and aro thereby debarred from
lifting their hands against each other.
Occidentals break "records" in friend
ly competition, with a like effect.
Tho Llpton races for the America's
Cup havo been great promoters of tho
Anglo-American "entente." They do
not, of course, decldo tho question for
statesmen; but they incline the com
mon people who aro the rules of both
nations toward a friendly policy.
Tho automobile races between the
French and tho Gorman chnuffeurs
have also been having an undoubted
effect In bringing those two peoples
together.
King Sport is a peaceful Prince.
Friendly sporting clubs can do quite
as much for the world's peace as so
many peaco societies with their sol
emn resolutions and their lurid defini
tions of wnr. Peoples who visit each
other as competing athletes nnd who
entertain each oilier so generously
that tho visiting club never has quite
a fair chance for the trophy, can with
the utmost difficulty be induced to go
gunning for each other In deadly earn
est.
Tho Sportsman's Cup is the modern
substitute for the pipe of pence.
Montreal Herald.
A CHANCE FOR PUBLICITY.
If It wero possible to compel tho
national committees to keep an accur
ate record of and publish a true ac
count of their expenditures for cam
palgn purposes a work of tho utmost
importance would be accomplished.
England has virtually eliminated tho
bribery of voters in her parliament
ary elections by requiring that each
candidate's enmpaign expenses shall
be recorded and made public.
If tho campaign fund accounts wero
made public, instead of being kept
socret, there would bo no nood to
"fry tho fat" from corporations or
men. All tho money actually iioccb
sary for an honestly conducted cam
paign would be wljllngly contributed
by public spirited citizens of either
party. Only through publicity, full
and complete, will campaign fuuds
ceaie to be corruption funds. Phlla
delp ' Ledger,
LOJRE OF T1IE BIBLE
A REFERENCE BOOK IN THE
WASHINGTON PUBLIC LIBRARY.
All Information In Any Way Bearing
on the Scriptures Can Be Found on
the Shelves of the Institution at
the National Capital.
It may bo an Interesting fnct to
some people that tho Bible Is ono of
tho reference books In the Washing
ton public library, thnt four Bhehcs
are filled with an excellent assortment
of biblical literature, and that every
Saturday ono or moro ministers of tho
gospel seek this place of books to look
HP references for the sermons with
which they Instruct tho public from
their pulpits on Sunday morning.
Information concerning tho Bible is
about as limited as can be. Probably
very few persons, It told thnt tne li
brary contains the "three versions of
tho Bible," would bo able to say what
Ihese three versions are. In point of
fnct they are tho Douny, tho King
James, nnd tho American version.
Ever since the events that made
biblical history occurred have ac
counts of these snme been written.
And as civilization spread and gave
rise to now people speaking now
tongues, theso earlier accounts wore
translated Into different tongues to
meet human needs.
In tho first place, there Is In tho
library a book which contnlns nil tho
English translations from the original
Greek text. The book is called the
English Hexnpla. Tho Greek text oc
cupies the upper pnrt of the pago and
tho six translations aro side by side
In columns underneath. These trans
lations are in tho Wiclif, published in
13S0; tho Tyndall,' In 1531; tho Cran
mer, 1539; tho Geneva, 1557; the
Uhccms, 1582, nnd-tho authorized ver
sion, 1C11.
What Is called tho Douay version
s made up of tho New Testament,
published in Rheims in 1582, and of
tho Old Testament of tho Douny ver
don, published in C09 A. D. This Is
too Bible of tho Cntholics. It was
published with tho approbation of
Cardinal Gibbons by tho great Catho
He publishers, the John Murphy com
pany, New York. Tho title-page bears
.he inscription: "Printers to tho holy
see"
.When the early translations of tho
Bible were being made, history was
unfolding itself at a rapid rate In tho
British empire. Much of tho work
was done by Protestants, who were
v'rlven into exile Tor their religious be
liefs. Tho Geneva translation was tho
outcome of such an exile.
After Henry VIII's stand ngainst
tho Pope, tho cause of Catholicism as
the established religion was n lost
one. but It was not until later, dur
ing the reign of King James, that
the authorized version of 1G11 was
translated for uso In the Church of
England.
Tho American version is tho King
James version revised, annotated and
brought up to date.
Other books of reference hero aro
tho Cyclopedias of Biblical Literature,
the Jewish Cyclopedia, commentaries
of various sorts and concordances. A
Catholic dictionary contains a descrip
tion of tho doctrines and rites of tins
church, and was published In Eng
land. Washington Post.
NOT CUT OUT FOR SOCIETY.
Westerner Sure He Would Never
Shine Among the Smart Set.
Uncle Joe Cannon tell3 of tho trib
ulations of a congressman from the
West, out for re-election, whoso wlfo
craved soilal honors.
It appenrs that tho statesman re
ferred to was a man of vory plain
habits, llttlo given to tho frivolities of
the smart sot, but In somo way his
spouse mannged to convince him thnt
his re-election depended In a large
measure upon his taking n mora prom
inent part in "society." So the west
erner energetically set about to meet
his wife's views. But it went hard
with him, and finally ho despaired of
ever becoming anything like a society
man.
"One day ho camo to mo In great
distress. 'I'll be hanged If I'm not
getting sick of It,' said he. 'The so
cial game has got mo goln' for good,
for sure. But what makes mo mad is
that I should be trying to make good
a bluff Hko this when I havon't mas
tered ono of the fundamental Ideas
of tho Bcheme.'
"'And what is this fundamental
Idea?' I asked.
'"Simply this,' replied the candi
date for re-election, 'the fundamental
Idea In order to he a society man Is,
as I figure it, to be able to talk whilo
you eat. Now, It's absolutely ridicu
lous in a man Hko mo trying to make
anyone believe he Is a society man.
When I talk I havo to stop eating, and
when I eat I havo to stop talking. It's
no use,' ho added, dejectedly. 'I'll nev
er make a society man!'" New York
Times.
Dundonald a Successful Man.
Lord Dundonald, who has beon dis
missed by tho Canadian govornmont
from his position as head of the do
minion militia because ho would not
permit politicians to interfere with
him, is utterly unlike tho convontlonaj
army officer. Ho looks moro Hko n
dreamer than a man of action a
handsome man with rather pale com
plexion, dark curly hair, delicately cut
features and exquisitely modulated
voice. By turns he has been. Inventor
savant, keen sporUnian, linguist, coun
try squire and sold I or, and has been
conspicuously successful In onch role
He has a mind of incoesant actlvltj
and altogether is ono of those spirit
who are bound to come Into colll&i
with fate, authorities and convent v
HUMOR IN TEXT OF CLERGY.
Amusing Remarks Which Wore Most
Seriously Intended.
Pnrt of the humor which one occa
sionally moets with, even In tho se
date Inclosurc of tho pulpit, Is due to
tho queer texts which nre sometimes
often unconsciously chosen by
preachers. No doubt there nro many
stories told under this bend which
owe their origin not to nctunl fact so
much as to the Invention of tho wag.
For example, n minister on tho Sun
dny before Ills marriage Is said to
have chosen as his text, "And ho went
on his way rejoicing," and on tho Sun
day after his honeymoon to have elo
quently discoursed on tho words, "Re
member my bonds."
These Infitancos are, probably, apo
cryphal, but tho following nro true
and have all come within tho experi
ence of the writer. It wns In tho
north of England thnt tho first Inci
dent happened. It was a country
church where oil lamps were used In
stend of gas. Ono night In tho lato
summer when the lamps had not yet
been resumed after tho long days It
got suddenly overcast and before the
sermon It was doomed necessary to
light the pulpit lamp. During tho
hymn the old Boxton repatred to tho
pulpit, nnd, having cleaned the glass
cldmncy with h duster, lit It up, but
only a feeble light struggled tnrough.
And tli.cn the clergyman took his text,
which was this: "And now wo see
through a glnss darkly."
A Man's Woman.
Sh'. Is not sweet, tho woman that I
love.
Nor I cho futr.
Nor wise In nny lore of hooka oun tell,
Ami yet liv knows tlio fecret or u
spoil
From feot to linlr.
All. no, not wlro. Ilia woman that I
lu e
Sho la not fnlr. the woman that 1 love,
Nor Is she wIko,
Nor sweet, unit yot Hho ppoiilcs from fcot
to hnlr.
With turn of waist or throat, ami I am
there.
Held In her eyes,
Ah. no, not lair, tho womiin that I
love.
She 1h not wise, tho woman that I love,
Nor Is tdio sweet.
Nor fnlr. The snell she weaves, la It
ol' sense?
"Tin umleHueil anil subtle, yot Intense
Finnic, without heat.
Ah. no. 'not sweet, tho woman that I
loe
Nor fnlr, nor sweet, nor wise Is who I
loe.
lleyoncl a name.
Incarnate mystery of negatives
Unsolved, unsolvalile: u spull that lives;
l'.Hicive inline,
Thnt which she Is, the woman that I
love.
-Old KiikIIhIi Poem,
Consumption of Tobacco.
The total receipts from tobacco
from all Houroes wero $14,055,808.75
for the fiscal year, ngalnBt $13,514,
810,24 for the fiscal year 1902-1903, or
nn Increase of $1,140,998.51. This In
crease Is participated In by all
branches of trade, except clgnr manu
facture hero wo see a decrease of
$23R,7CC.01. As cigar manufacturing
shows tho worst condition, so tobacco
manufacture shows the best condi
tion. Receipts for this branch of tho
trade exceeded tho receipts for tho
previous fiscal year by $1,077,790.02.
Tho result of the year ns a wholo Is
satisfactory. In tho fluctuation of
business from year to year a uniform
ly good condition In all lines can not
be expected. Tho output of manufac
tured tobacco for tho fiscal year, is
larger than during any previous year,
and aggregates tho enormous amount
of 328,050,710 pounds. Western To
bacco Journal.
Trying to Dlsgraco Them.
Amusing stories of Major Sam
Early, a brother of General Jubal A.
Early, aro still told in Charleston, W.
Va., whero ho lived for many years
before tho civil wnr. The Major was
a bigoted old line Whig, who hated
a Democrat worse than a hobo does
work'. Ho had In his employ an Irish
man who aped his master in every
thing dress, manners and politics.
Prior to a cortain state election, In
which party spirit ran high, tho Dem
ocrats had a torchlight procession.
Imagine Major Early's chugrin and
fury to behold marching In tho van
of his political enemies Pat, glorious
ly drunk.
He lost no time In dragging the
faithless one from tho ranks and
heatedly demanding the reason of his
defection.
"Sh!" nnswered Pat, with a maud
Iln wink. "Don't yez sco Ol'm thrylng
to dlsgraco 'em?" New York Horald.
Still Failed to See.
"I'd like to seo a man kiss mo!"
she said with considerable spirit.
"Well," he replied thoughtfully, "as
a spectaclo I think you would 'find It
disappointing. Tho value of a kiss
does nol lie In the looks of It, you
know. However, if you feci that way
about it, I would suggest that you
stand over here and .look in tho mir
ror. There, that's Just it."
"You .horrid thing!" she exclaimed
'ust about half a minute later.
Afterward sho confessed to her dear
est friend that sho was so preoccu
pied that even then she did not sco
anyone kiss her; but she was pretty
veil convinced In hor own mind that
omo ono did. New York Tribune.
Complimenting the Bishop.
It was noon hour nnd quite a num
ber of workmen had dropped into tho
Subway tavern. He wns a Hlbornian,
intlquo, grizzled, seamed, and warped
with ago, but he shifted his dinner
all with n certain aprlghtllness as
'10 stoppod on tho way out to light his
lay. He. eyed tho clerk, "I hod a
brink," ho prefaced with dignity,
'Mo name Is Dlnnis Mulcahy. I- havo
h distinction av beta; th' oldost
aborin' roan In New York. I am 91
ears av age. Yo may tell th' bishop
was in, an' that his liquor Is vlrry
""dlcnt. Good-day." Now York Sun.
(KiMjfii
Bacteria In Soil.
A bacterium Is snch n Bmnll thing
Hint tho human oyo cannot detect It.
It takes tho mlcroscopo to bring out
this mtnuto form of life. It takes
omo thousnnds of bacteria to do tho
work that la dono in n sluglo tuborclo
on tho root of a leguminous plant.
Nevertheless, small as they aro, bac
torla nro of Immcnso Importanco to
tho fnrmcr nnd ofton tho success or
fnlluro of a crop will depend on tho
kind of bacteria thcro is in n soil.
Tho kind of soil and its physical
Uructuro nlso have a great deal to
3o with tho ubundnnco of bnctcrla.
tt has been found that a soil that 1b
rich in humus, that Is, has much
vegetables innttor in It, Is better suit
ed for tho development of bacteria
than soil that has in it very llttlo
numus. It has previously been bo
'Icved that tho only advantages in
having tho humus was that it was n
sourco of nitrogen nnd that It alec
held molBturo and kopt tho ground
from drying out. The third good
quality must now bo nddod, that of
making bacterial llfo moro abundnnL
Whether thla connection between tho
humus In tho soil nnd tho bacteria is
important because tho humus fur
nishes food for tho bacteria or
whether it Is important bocauBO tho
humus keeps tho ground light and
moist nnd lets tho nlr work through
Jt easily, wo do not yet know. Both
pro rensonnblo suppositions. Wo aro
sure to understand moro about them
In the not distant future. It is now
certain that wo can Inlroduco now
kinds of bnctcrla into soils nnd thnt
wo can by d61ng this greatly IncrcnBO
tho productive capacity of tho farms
for cortain crops.
Deep or Shallow Soils.
Ordinarily it Is dcslrablo to havo a
doep soli, that tho roots of plants may
jitriko deep. Tho latter is a desidera
tum for tho reason thnt a deep root
ing plant Is less affected by tho
droughts than nny others. Wo bcc
UiIb In tho enso of somo trees, which
havo tap roots and aro seldom affect
ed by the dry weather. Tho ohallow
polls nro first to respond to drouth
and BometlmoB they aro tho slowest
o dry out, when tho weather Is wot
Tho deepor the soil and tho, moro it
is loosened up tho greater tho zono of
enrth that will bo subject to tbo op
srations of tho bacteria that add ni
:rogen to tho soil. Ono way of deep
ening a soil is to plow It as deep as
?os8lblo with a common plow and
then put on a crop of deep rooting
legumes. There aro Bomo legumes
that dp not send tholr roots vory deep,
such ns cow peas, and tlioro aro
ptbers thht send their rotos to tho
greatest possible depth Into tho soil,
such ns tho clovers and alfalfa. On
multitudes of farms a coil will ro
main shallow whatovcr tho crop un
less tho land is drained. Whon this
is dono tho drains should bo as deop
ns throo feet. Then tho frosts will
wofk in deeper than they otherwlso
will and tho air will bo present on tho
displacement of tho water. Subsoil
plowing is sometimes effectivo and
sometimes not, but it should not bo
undertaken unless thero Is to bo a
considerable benefit received from tho
operation, as it is an oxponsivo ono.
Too Much Water.
Tho turning yellow of wheat Is fre
quently caused by loo much water In
too soil. This samo effect Is some
times soon in hotiao plants when tho
pwnor has been too attentive to them
and has waterod them too often. In
tho fluid of wheat or other crop this
condition may exist when tho surfaco
soil appears fairly dry. Tho prosenco
of too much water retards tho ripen
ing of tbo crop nnd frequently de
creases its yield. It may be that this
is ono of tho chief pauses why corn
on low land Is caught by tho frost
when coin on land only a dozen feet
higher is not Injured. It has been
assumed that it was a difference in
temperature, the cold air running Into
tho hollows, but it does not seem like
ly that so few feet would make all tho
difference. But the low land fre
quently has In it more water than Is
good for the crop and this retarding
tho maturing enables tho frost to find
tho corn on tho low land more Imma
ture than that on land a llttlo higher.
Tho result is that tho corn Is Injured
moro because it is Immature than be
cause tho temperature thero Is 89
much lower' than on the land a llttlo
higher. This Is a theory, and wo do
not know that it can bo proved by
facts.
Industry Is not tho only thing re
quired on tho farm. If it wero a
great many men that fail would suc
ceed. Keeping eternally at a thing
does not always bring success, in Bplto
of the trito saying that it does. In
telligent management Is also required,
and this kind of management often re
quires a good deal of Information In
several directions.
Tho fall of tho year Is tho time to
select tho seed corn, and this should
bo stored In a place that will keep
dry and yet not evaporato its mois
ture too much.
Good seed only can produco good
crops', no matter how rich the ground
may bo or how much good cultivation
may be given.
Many plants "run out" becauso tho
seed hns been carelessly Bolectod from
vrnr to year.
Tho Flat-Headed Borer.
Tho destructives trco borer so well
known to horticulturists aB tho Flat
headed npplo troo borer and to onlo
mologlBta ns Chrysobothrls fomorata
la found In all parta of tho country
and annually destroys vast numbors
of trees. It attacks npplo, pear,
quince, plum, peach, cherry, ash, olm,
mnplo, box-older, sycamoro and willow
trees. Tho injury is dono by tho flat
headed borer during Kb grub or larval
stago. Tho adult insect Is a booties
about hnlf nn Inch long, flattish-ob-long
In form, shiny greenish-black
nbovo nnd copper colored bolow. Tho
foinnlo deposits her ogga in tho crev
lcos of tho bark of tho trunk nnd
main branches, usually on tho south
or southwest sldo, whero tho effects
of tho sun upon tho trco Is grontcst.
In our locality tho most of the eggs
aro probably laid during April and
May. Although eggs aro sometimes
dcposltod by this Insect upon healthy,
FiO. 0.ChrvnbalhrU ftmorata: a, larva;
t, bootlo; c, head ot male; d, pupa twico nat
ural slso (original).
well-established trees, it evidently
profers to solcct Blckly or nowly
transplanted ones, especially thoso
whoso bark has beon lnjurod by ox
posuro to tho sun. Tho eggs hatch
within a few days nfter being depos
ited. Tho young larva Boon cats
through tho bark and proceeds to boro
at Bomo depth beneath tho surfaco,
leaving behind It a flnttcnod channel.
Sometimes a slnglo borer will girdlo
n tioo and causo its doath. Tho larva
roaches Its full growth by tho end ot
tho cummer, being then a pale-yellow-Ish
grub about half an inch long, with
a broad, flat head. During tho winter
it remains quiescent. Tho next spring'
it bores out nearly through tho bark,
then moves back a llttlo and under
goes Its chango Into tho adult beetle
form tho transformation being com
pleted In about thrco yvookb. Ther
bcctlo thon cuts an opening through
tbo bark and escapes to continue the'
work of destruction begun by Its an
cestors. During tho warm part of U10
day it may bo soon flying about in thp
hot sunlight.
Thero aro throo ways of combat
ting tho borer: (1) by destroying the
grubs whilo they aro at work In tho
trco; (2) by tho application of some
Biibstnnco that will provont tho eggs
being deposited or will destroy thoj
eggs and nowly hatched larvao, and
(3) by wrapping tho trees with some
thing that will prevent tho females
gaining access to tho bark. But, by
tho best methods known, borers aro!
difficult insects to combat. Tho larvao,
mako their way into tho wood so
soon nftor tho cggB nro deposited and
keep so completely out of Bight as'
they work, that thoy may do much;
injury beforo their presence Is bus-.
pected, and aro difficult to kill when
detected. It Is a enso whero an ounce
of prevention is most decidedly moro
effectivo nnd moro economical than at
pound of cure. Arizona Station. j
Is Seedless Fruit Fertilized?
For some tlmo thcro has been a be
lief that scedlcBs fruit is developed
without fertilization by tho pollen.
Thero havo been experiments carried,
on to dotcrmlno this and it was
thought that tho experiments wero re
liable. Without doubt tho men that
did tho work belloved that tho fruit
was unfertilized nnd wero entirely
sincere in their expressions In that
regard. In South Australia, however,!
somo very, elaborato investigations'
havo been put on foot to discover If.
tho Zanto currant, the well-known
seedless current, was produced with
out the intervention ot fertilizing
processes. In a word it Is decided by
the experimenters thero that the cur
rant, though apparently seedless, is
tho product of fertilizing procosses.
At first experiments wero mado to1
produco seedless currants by remov
ing tho pollen a few days before it
was ready to bo precipltatod Into tho
ovules. This work tho experimenters
did with tho greatest of caro, but in;
tho end pronounced It impossible to
do tho work bo carefully that a fec
grains of pollen would not get into
tho ovules ot tho frujt. Tho lnvestl-1
gation showed further that tho ovules
of theso seedless currants are really1
fertilized and Increaso in slzo for
about ten elays, after which they
aborL This prevents tho seed from
developing, but tho growth Is started
by the fertilization In the beginning
This is probably tho case with all of
our seedless fruit. The growth is
started by tho fertilization in tho or
dinary way, and then tho seed forma
tion is stopped and this gives moro
power to tho development ot tha pulp
of tho fruit. This in as yet a dark
aubJecL
Tho progressive dairyman Is care
ful in tho fooding of his cows. Ho
knows that the ration to bo an econ
omical ono must contain both carbo
hydrates and proteins, and that an
overbalance of ono will waste it in
tho work of digestion.