DAKOTA COUNTY HERALD; DAKOTA CITY, NEBRASKA. M is B iES 1 2? I. ft IS FEDERAL. INTERVENTION ON EVE OF BIG STRIKE IN FOUR STATES. ' LABOR HEAD DEFENDS CAUSE Mllltla Officer Makes Arrests Under General Orders Empowering Him to Protect Property and Industry Step May Augment Strike. IVtlrrn S'nipr Union Nfw terrloe. Spokane, Wash. Tho govornmont took action In tho I. W. W. situation, when a company of Idaho national guardsmen, now In fedoral service, ar rested twenty-seven mombora of tho organization, including James Rowan, district secretary, In tholr hoadquar tcrs here on tho ovo of a threatened strlko in four states. Tho strike call, signed by Rowan, Included nil members of tho organiza tion In construction and agricultural work in Montana. Washington, Ore gon and Idaho. Rowan after his ar rest said that tho- arrests would in tensify the strlko and causo It to spread. Lumber workors In tho four states already aro on strlko. Reports from all the states named In tho strlko ordor wero to tho offoct that fedoral, state, county and city au thorities wero prepared for any ovon tuallty. Tho arrests woro made without specific authorization, Maj. Clomont Wllklns said. "I acted under genoral orders om poworing mo to tako such stops as ap poarcd to bo necessary to provent the destruction of proporty and tho ham pering of industry," ho Bald. ''Tho ar rests wore made after I had hold a conference wlth'Mr. Dlalne, ropresont ing tho governor,'' At tho Jail Rowan dictated a state ment of tho purposo of tho strike, which ho later road and signed. Ho said: ,, "The principal objoct of tho strike of tho lumber workers 13 the eight hour day, and sanitary conditions in tho camps. Wo do not know of any reason why wo should bo arrested and detained or why nur hall should bo closed, as wo aro not breaking any law. Wo aro not unpatriotic. Our principal demand is for tho eight-hour day, which has been adopted as stand ard by the United States government on nil government work. "Thoro is nothing unlawful about de manding clean and sanitary conditions In camps. Tho things wo demand and havo, gono on strike for nro tho things which would bo bonoflclal not only to ourselves but to tho wholo of socloty and would tend to put tho nation on a more secure foundation." HOOVER CHOO8E8 ASSISTANTS. Among Names of Conservation Divi sion Aro Many Nationally Known. Washington.- Voluntoors who will compose tho staff of tho groat con servation .division of tho food, admin istration woro announced by Adminis trator Hoover. Tho list, including many nationally known names, fol lows: Dr, Ray Lyman Wllber, Miss Ida M. Tnrboll, Miss Abbio L. Marlatt, F, C. Wnlcott, Clifford Plnchot, Miss Sarah Mold Splint, Charles R. Vnn Hise, Miss Gertrudo B. Lano, Dr. AJlco C. , Boughton, Goorgo A. Cullon, Arthur H. Samuols, Jamos H. Collins, Mrs. Frances Storn, Charles II. Holman, Miss Kathorino Leckio, Mrs. Alico Bond Alien, Chnrlos R. Rayjbnd, J. P. Egnn, Oeorgo Dowermnn, E. Q. Routzahn, Sholby M. Harrison, Mrs. E. Q., Routzahn, J. M. Bowman, Mrs. Harriot S. Dlntch, Mrs. Mina Vanwln kle, Elbridgo L. Howo, F. D. van Sick Ion, Dr. Charles II. Judd, Dr. Edward L. Burchard, J. O'Hara Cosgravo, Miss Mary C. McDougal, Palmer Fuller, Jr.. E. F. Woodman, Miss Floronco E. Wardwoll, Miss Martha van RonBsa laer, Miss Ethol M. Bagg, Dr, Sydnoy Snow, Dr. J. F. Jonnoss, Wondoll P. Colton, John K. Toner, Miss Francos A. Kollcr, Dr. Earl Wilfloy, Jamos H Nlcoll, Dr. Josoph Krauskopf, Dr. H E. Goldstein, Dr. D. Dosola Poolr Rov. Georgo A. Dougherty. W. D. Murphy, Tim Hunly, Norman Wolnstoin. C. M. McConnell, Dr. 55 Batten, Olivor R. Williamson, Dr. Goorgo M. Hoald, A. U Craig, Johu A. BUrkhart, Dr. E. B. Chappoll. Other Commitloos Appointed The following advisory committees havo boon appointed: Homo Economics Miss Abbio L. Marlatt, chairman; Miss Josophlno Berry, Dr. Alico Boughton, Mrs. Hon rietta Calvin, Dr. C. F. Lnngworthy. Miss Isabel Ely Lord, Dr Alonzo ?. Taylor; advisory mombors, Miss Cath erine J. McKay, Miss Marth vnn Rens salaor, Miss Florenco E. Ward. Food Utilization Prof. R. H. Chit tendon, Prof. Graham Lusk, Prof. E. V. McCallum, Prof L. B. Mendel, C. L. Alsburg, Dr. F C. Longworth, Prof. Vernon Kellogg. Dr, Alonzo E. Taylor. Dr Ray Lyman Wilbur. Public Health Prof. W. H. Wolch chairman; Dr. Loonard P. Ayro, Prof. Horman Biggs, Dr. B. L. Edsall, Dr. Cary T. Grayson. Pr. A. W Hewlett, Dr T. C Jnnowaj', Dr. F. G. Novy, Dr R M Pearco, Prof. H. Gideon WoIIb, Omaha Company Suspends. Omaha. Tho United Statos Com mission company, of Omaha, has sus pended business. Claims against tho company are said to aggrogato about $200,000, about 20 por cent of which aro socurod. Creditors are salu to In cludo, grain firms In Chicago, St. Louis and other eaotorn cities. U-BOAT WAR FAILS PREMIER LLOYD GEORGE SAYS GERMANY 18 UNABLE TO STARVE ENGLAND. ENEMY BARELY HOLDS OWN Shipping Losses Reduced and Allies Have Enough Tonnage Until 1019 More Grain Than Year Ago. London, Aug. 18. Premier Lloyd George, spenklng in the house of com mons on Thursday, mild that this tlmo Inst yenr the wheat In this country amounted to 0VI80.00O qunrters nnd Hint now it Is 8,500,000 qunrters. Tho stock of onts nnd barley, he declnred, nlso whs higher. There hnil been a considerable saving In brend consump tion, tho premier suld, nnd owing to closer milling nnd food economy Micro hnd been nn addition to the wheat stock of 70,000, qunrters per week. (A qunrter Is equivalent to 480 pounds.) "Tho government has come to tho conclusion," Lloyd George said, "that with reasonable economy there Is no chnnce of starving England out. "The admiralty plnns denllng with flubmnrlnes huvo been Increasingly suc cessful." Tho premier said that In the slnglo month of April COO.OOO grqss tons of shipping were lost through Gcrmnn submnrlnes. In July tho tonnuge lost went down to 320,000 gross tons. This month thero wus. n substnntlnl Im provement over thnt of July. Tho premier snld : "Germnny now is linrdly able to hold her own not even thnt." With the co-operntlon of America, the premier snld, there would be sulll elont tonnngo for nil of 1018 and if nee essnry 1010. Although tonnngo hnd decrensed during the Inst yenr, he ndded, more goods hnd been cnrrled from oversens. Tho premier referred to Itussln na "one clnw of the. nippers, temporarily out of repair." Germnny, he snld, hnd boon benten In sevcrnl grent bnttles, with lurge losses, when Russln wns prnctlcnlly out of the cnmpnlgn. Ho asked what might bo expected when RuRsIn recovered and Amerlcn wns really In. America's troops had been seen mnrching through the streets, symbols of nor resolute entry into tho struggle, Tills wus tho hour, Mr. Lloyd George ndded, of Germnny's difficulties. U. S. AFTER I. W. W. MEMBERS Drastic Action Against Organization Is Government's Answer to Men Who Threaten General Strike. Washington, Aug. 18. Orders for wholesale prosecution's of I. W. W.'s In seven states comprise tho answer of the United Stntes government to I. W. W. agitators who have threatened a general strlko In the far West on Au gust 20. Instead of mediating and con ciliating nnd otherwise handling tho cases ns Inbor enses, the government will go nfter tho ngltntors on political grounds and wnr regulations. Accord ingly orders went forward from the do pnrtment of Justice & district attor neys In Oregon, Washington, Montana, Cnllfornln, Idaho, Arizona nnd Now Mexico to Institute proceedings against I. W. W. members nnd lenders under tho wnr regulations wherever the cases Interfere with Anierlcn's prosecution of tho wnr. NO CASUALTIES FOR THE U. S. Washington Issues Denial of London Report of American Wounded-'- Nothlng to Conceal. Washington, Aug. 18. The commit teo on public Information on behalf of the war department on Thursday is sued nvc ofilclnl denial that American troops hnvo been engaged In nctlon on tho French front nnd thnt 200 hnvo been tnken to tho base hospitals, wounded Tho report was published In tho London Dally News. The com mltteo added that It wns authorized by the war department to state that if any such Information should reach tho department It will Immedlntoly bo an nounced. "Thero will be no conceal ment of casualties," It was stated. PRO-GERMANS ARE WARNED Federal Troops May Be Sent to Wash ington, Oregon, Montana and Idaho, Washington, Aug. 20. Sending fed eral troops to Washington, Oregon, Montana and Idaho to keep war indus tries moving and to check disorders, Is regarded by olllclnls us 11 possibility In tho near future should tho threntened I. W. W. strlko uttalu serious propor tion and tho civil authorities, state and federal, In tho affected area, bo unable to meet tho sltuntlon adequately. , Eddie Foster Is Exempted. Washington, Aug. 20. Joo Judge nud Eddlo Foster, star lnfleldors on the Washington American bnseball team, wero exempted from service In tho nntlonnl nrmy on tho ground of do pendent families. Woman Kills Two and 8ef. Chllllcothe, 0 Aug. 20. Because a woman told her husband thnt sho was coming to claim him ns her, husband, Mrs. James Nelson killed her husband and sou, and then killed her self. HE CAN'T GET OUT OF IT U. S. CONTROLS GRAIN PROCLAMATION PUTS WHEAT AND RYE UNDER LICENSE. $50,000,000 Corporation Formed to Purchase the Entire Crop of 1917, If Necessary. Washington, Aug. 17. Authority for putting Into effect Herbert O.' Hoover's food control program, ns applied to grain, wns given In a proclamation Is sued by President Wilson. Predicated on the food and fuel act, the proclamation gives the food admin istration power to license the storage nnd distribution of wheat and ryo nud tho manufacture, storngo nud distribu tion of nil products derived therefrom. Prior to lssunnco of tho proclama tion announcement wns nindo nt tho food ndmlnlslrntlon hendquarters of the personnel of the boards which will ilx prices and attend to the purchnso of grains. Dotermlnntlon to form n $50,000,000 food administration grain corporation to purchnso the entire 1017 crop, If need be, to niuintuln fair prices, also wns announced. Tho price-fixing committee contnlns In Its personnel representatives of tho producers nnd tho consumers. Tho men are business men, farmers and representatives of organized labor. U. S. MAY CHANGE DRAFT RULE Protest Against Calling All Married Men to Colors Wilson Promises to Act in Matter. Chicago, Aug. 20. Protests from Chicago nnd other big cities ngnlnst the new regulations which permit few married men to obtain exemption re sulted In President Wilson's taking a hand in tho matter. According to advices from Washing ton, tho president wroto to Senator Weeks of Massachusetts that ho would confer with Secretury Baker and Pro vost Marshal General Crowder to seo If tho new regulntions are fully Justi fied. The president's letter was in reply to one from Senator Weeks, In which tho senator suld there was grent dis sntlBfnction all over the country be cause of the acceptance of so many murrled men. Tho regulations In point provide thnt mnrrlcd men nre tit be exempted only when their dependents suffer by their ncceptnnce. When n wife Is nble to work or enn bo cared for by her family, or that of her husband, tho ( husbund Is to bo tuken, the regulations specify. THREATEN TO KILL COWS Illinois Milk Producers Open Fight on Price to Be Fixed by the United States. - Chlcngo, Aug. 18. Prices to be fixed by tho government for milk nre likely to prove unsatisfactory to Chlcngo producers, according to predictions, n. O. Potter, chairman of tho bonrd of tho Chlcngo Milk Producers' nssocln- tlon, hns Informed Alderman Willis O. Nance of tho co'incll health committee thnt cows will bo sent to the slaughter houses If the food administration nnd the Chlcngo lirnlth committee do not nllow tho producers a rensonnblo profit. KANSAS CITY STRIKE ENDS Officials of Street Car Company Ac cept Proposal Men Had Al ready Approved. Knnsns City, Mo Aug. 18. Tho strlko of operating employees of tho Knnsns City Railways company was snded on Thursday when olllclnls of the company ngreed to accept a settlement proposal already voted upon favorably by tho men. The strlko was declared August 8 and has completely tied up Bvcry line In the city slnco that time. Hogs $18.60 and Going Up. Chlcngo, Aug. 20. Hogs resumed their ndvnnco at the opening of the llyo stock market, and within nn hour $18.00 had been bid, with a prospect of still higher prices. Dealers seo a prospect for hogs at $20. French Troops In Roumanla. Geneva, Aug. 20. French troops aro fighting with the Russians and Rou mnnlnns on tho Moldavian front. Ear lier it had been reported that British artillerymen wero assisting the Russo Roumanlan forces. - . J ?jl ?3?vr?" - '-' "" writ GUARDS TO FRANCE STATE MILITIA TO SEE ACTIVE SERVICE SOON. Units From Twenty-SIx States and District of Columbia Ordered to Mobilize. Washington, Aug. 10. Plnns- for sending the first Nntlonnl Gunrd troop- to France have been perfected by the war department with the orgnnlzntlon of n division which will Include troops from 20 stntes nnd the District of Co lumbln. The commanding officer of the di vision will be Brig. Gon. W. A. Mnnn of tho regular army, now chief of the division of mllltla affairs of the war department. The stntes from which the Nntlonnl Gunrd troops nro to be nssemhled nre : Louisiana, Pennsylvania, AVlsconsin, New York, Ohio, Oeorgln, Alabnmn, Town, Illinois, Indlnnn, Mlnnesotn, Maryland, South Cnrolinn, Cnllfornln, Missouri, Virginia. ftNorth Cnrolinn, KansnS, Texns. Michigan, New Jersey, Tennessee, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Colo rado, Oregon. The others come from District of Columbia. Discussion of the time nnd plnce of moblllzntlon of the division or of its departure for Franco nre not permis sible under the voluntnry censorship. The structure of the division as given In the official statement shows It will conform to the reduced trench wnrfnre divisional organization, recommended by Major General Pershing, which would give it a totnl strength with nuxllinry troops of approximately 20, 000 men. CANADIANS WIN HILL NO. 70 Famous Position Near the City of Lens, Deemed Impregnable by Foe, Falls. British Front In France nnd Bel glum, Aug. 17. After the brilliant ad vance In the morning In which the Cnnndlnns enptured Hill 70 nnd then swept on northwest of Lens the nttnek ers nre in close grips with the Ger mnns In the western part of Lens. Considerable numbers of Germnn prisoners nre beginning to nrrlve In the rolloctlon depots. The new Brit ish front has been established on a triangular line, like a pnlr of shenrs whose points nre to the north and south of Lens. EAST ST. LOUIS RIOTERS HELD - Officials Arrest Persons Charged With Rioting, Assault, Arson and Conspiracy. East St. Louis, 111., Aug. 18. Stato nnd city officers stnrted out on Thurs dny to make wholesale nrrests on tho Indictments returned nt Belleville charging 105 persons with conspiracy, assault, riot and nrson In connection with the race riots of July 1 nnd 2. When the roundup wns completed 25 white men nnd 0 negroes hnd been nr rested. Tho true bill named 82 whites nnd 23 negroes ns responsible. 13 STATES ACT ON COAL Governors and Others at Chicago Con ference Dpclde to Go Ahead With Own Control. Chlcngo, Aug. 18. Middle nnd north western stntes nro to tnko Immediate and drastic stops to fill their coal bins and at prices shorn of exorbitant "wnr profits." Thirteen stntes, their ropre sentntlves meeting In Chlcngo on Thursdny nt the lnvitntlon of tho Illi nois stato council of defense, unnnl- mously urged Immediate general action upon tiie president. But In the mean time all states nronose to trn nhpnrt make Inquiries, fix prices and other wise control the situation. Four French Ships Sunk. Pnrls, Aug. 18. Tho weekly report of shipping losses gives one stenmshlp of moro than 1,(500 fons nnd three of smaller size ns hnvlng been sunk In tho week ended August 12 out of 1,010 nrrlvnls nnd 1,028 clenrnnees. Young Pershing Tries Again. Oklahoma City, Okln., Aug. 18. Arthur E. Pershing, nephew of General Pershing, still Is trying to Join tho army. Young Pershing wns rejected throo times because of physical disabilities. SEIZE MINES GOVERNOR OF ILLINOIS TELLS ATTORNEY GENERAL TO DRAW UP PAPERS. OPERATORS DEFY 'DICTATOR' Lowden Seeks Advice on Drastic 8tep When Mine Operators Break Pact President Declares He Will Act in Crisis. SprlngflelcL III., Aug. 20. Governor Lowden Issued nn order on Frlduy to Attorney General Brundngc to prepnro the necessnry legul pnpers for seizure of Illinois cool mines by the stute. It is understood hero thnt if Uis nttorney general decides thnt the mines mny be seized without nctlou by tho general assembly, the National Guard regiments not already in tho federal service will be cnlled upon to patrol the mines. Chlcngo, Aug. 20. Coal Director Carter found his power defied at the beginning of the hearing on coul prices. Attorneys Ralph Crows, Rush C. Butler und Samuel Adnms, for the op erators, asked permission to speak. They read the resolution adopted by the Operators' association repudiating tho agreement by which Judgo Car ter's decisions on price were to be binding on the mines. Judge Carter said: "I do not think It necessnry to en ter Into nny discussion of this ques tion. I hnvo had Governor Lowden on the wire nnd ho hns told me to go ahead. I regret greatly that all par ties to this Inquiry will not bo repre sented. "On the subject of price, however, if I am to determine It I shall take no directions from anyone." Washington, Aug. 20. President Wilson, Secretnry of War Baker and Secretary of Labor Wilson prepared to take n hand .in the Illinois coal situ ation. Its seriousness was explained to the president by Francis S. Penbody of Chlcngo, chairman of tho coal produc tion committee of tho national council jf defense, nnd the largest conl oper ator In Illinois, nud John B. White, president of tho United Mine Work srs of America. In response to their plea that tho only remedy lay In prompt nctlon by the president In exercising the au thority for federal control of coal conferred upon him by the food bill, he gave assurances on Friday that ho would act without delay. Secretary Baker nnd Secretary Wil son agreed to prepare messnges for distribution among the striking coal miners of Illinois urging them to go back to work as a patriotic duty. $400,000 FIRE AT SPRINGFIELD Women's Building of Columbian Ex position Destroyed at Illinois Cap italSoldiers Fight Flames. . Springfield, III., Aug4 20. Fire early Friday night destroyed the dome build ing on the Illinois state fair grounds, entailing a loss estimated at $400,000, with only $25,000 Insurance. The build lug wns tho historic women's building of the Columblun exposition In Chl cngo nnd wns purchased by tho state, board of agriculture and moved to Springfield in 1894. Tho blaze started from defective electric wiring. Two thousand soldiers, quartered at Camp Lowden, fought tho flames. They suc ceeded in saving the records of Col. Daniel Dovore, U. S. A., who Is here ns mustering officer of tie Illinois sol diery. WAR TAX ON AUTO OWNERS Automobile Section of Measure Adopt ed by Senate Provides Graded Tax on Cars and Motorcycles. Washington, Aug. 20. Tho automo bile section of the war tax bill was adopted by the senate. It provides a graduated federal tax on nutomoblle nnd motorcycle owners instead of tho house levy of 5 per cent on manufac turers sales. Between $40,000,000 and $50,000,000 In rovenuo would bo se cured by the senate's tax, against $08, 000,000 under tho house bill. PLAN FOR ADVERTISING LOAN May Cost From $1,000,000 to $2,000,- 000 for Publicity Work. AVnshlngton, Aug. 17. A detailed plan for advertising the next Issuo of Liberty loan bonds In newspapers and other mediums of publicity to cost from $1,000,000 to $2,000,000, nnd to be paid for by the government, Was presented to Secretnry McAdoo by the nntldnul advertising ndvlsory bonrd, with the recommendation that It bj adopted. Mlsourl Threatens Seizure of Mines. St. Louis, Aug. 20. Seizure of Mis souri coal miues and prosecution of Missouri coal dealers on charges of violating the state antitrust law wsb threatened by Attorney General Mc Allister In a formal statement. Two Killed, Four Hurt In Train Wreck. Fort Worth, Tex., Aug. 20. Eugtnocr Jerry S.cott nnd Fireman W. A. Ha nock were killed and four persons In lured when a Missouri, Kansas and Texas limited passenger and a freight train telescoped at Wutuugn, m S0S3IP FROM STATE HOUSE Strong efforts aro being mado to ro emit tho N. V. G. up to n maximum war strongtb Tho stnto traveling library is buying no Gorman books for circulation Tho library hns 18,000 books subject to distribution throughout tho stato. Pictures ot the workings of tho honor system in penal Institutes wc.ro exhibited at the stato prison last woik, and proved a matter of great Interest among the Inmates. Stato Food Commissioner Otto Murschel has returned from a trip to Atlantic City, N. J., whore he at tended tho annual meeting of stato food commissioners. The government, crop report for August shows an increase in every lino of grain production In the stnte, except In winter wheat, tho slump In which was enormous. Tho Nebraska council of dofonso, upon tho urgent request of tho national council, has Issued a statement regard ing tho necessity of gasoline conser vation, and asks support of tho move ment to save gasoline. Tho Nebraska state council of de fenso has planned a big moeting to bo hold at the state fair groundB during fair week to take an inven tory of tho progress made In or ganizing the stato tor effective par ticipation in the war. The national association of manu facturers is sending out warnings to Nobraska manufacturers that they must prepare for a car shortabo that will como along in thirty days when tho railroads begin the movement of troops and supplies to the canton ments. Tho Nebraska Stato Historical so ciety is very desirous of securing photographs and views showing tho part Nebraska men and women aro taking in tho present world war. It asks for copies of such pictures, with tho tlmo, place and names of persons. For such pictures, it will be glad to pay the usual prices. Stato Treasurer Hall has paid two warrants Issued in favor of J. C. Meyers, a .Norfolk veterinarian, for a total of $122 at the rate of ?15 per day and expenses while out making stallion inspections for tho live stock sanitary department. Mr. Hall held up these warrants for a week but Meyers camo in and talked things ovqr and subsequently the warrants wero issued. Federal District Attorney T. S. Allen has been designated by Attorney Gen eral Gregory as the official for No braska to approve or disapprove affi davits filed for exemptions In tho department of Justice in tho stato affecting federal employes. Tho em ployes included are thosejn tho secret service under the jurisdiction of the United States marshal and employes under tho Jurisdiction of the fedoral district attorney. The following statement lias been given out from the Nebraska Legisla tive Reference bureau: "Tho presi dent of our United States wishes tho registration of women throughout tho nation. The governor of our stato proclaims a day for that purpose in Nebraska. On September 12 all women in this stato over 1(5 years of age, aro expected to voluntarily register for war service. Tho service may be great or small, but every woman can do something. Avproparatory course for advanced work in tho technical school for tho signal corps at Fort Leavenworth will be introduced into the University of Nobraska, in accordance with a re cent action of the board of regents. In the organization for signal troops for the army a groat difficulty has boon met In securing the required number of telegraphers for the first increment of troops. It is therefore nn assured fact that until immediate steps are taken to Increase tho num ber of available telegraphers, the situ ation will bo even moro serious when an attempt is mado to further In crease tho army. To this end ths signal officer of the central depart ment of tho army has undertaken the establishment of schools for tele graphers to proparo them for the ad vanced work given the signal corps at Fort Leavenworth. Governor Nevillo has been asked by tho provost marshal general to transmit further Information In regard to tho question of dependency of wives of drafted mon. Tho information re ceived by tho governor lndicatos that if tho wlfo is not loft without reason ably adequate support from several sources named, then thoro is no real dependency. Support from incomo on land owned by the wife and farmed by tho husband, and suppoii. from the parents of tho wife or parents of the husband aro among the sources of sup port mentioned In tho ruling. Verdon citizens havo filed a protest against plans of tho county board of Richardson county and those of Stata Englneor Johnson for laying the stato nld road in that county. Tho proposed route misses tho town by two miles, and residents want It relocated to go through the placo. About 500 Nebraska voterans aro expected to attend the Vlcksburg reunion, October 16 to 20. Tho last legislature appropriated $20,000 U send veterans -from this stato to the celebration. K i 0 1 4 N