DAKOTA COUNTY HERALD; DAKOTA CITY, NEBRASKA.
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LOCATION AND DESIGN OF VARIOUS ROADS
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THE MOTHER OF THIS CHILD HAO GIVEN BIRTH PREVIOUSLY TO
TWO OTHER CHILDREN, ONE OF WHICH WAS DEAD AT BIRTH,
AND THE OTHER OF WHICH LIVED ONLY A FEW WEEKS. IN EACH
CASE THE MOTHER'S CONDITION WAS SERIOUS. THE LAST BABY
WAS BORN WITHOUT MUCH PAIN TO THE MOTHER, AND HER
CONDITION BEFORE THE BIRTH WAS FREE FROM ALL OF THE
SICKNESS USUALLY ATTENDING SUCH A CONDITION.
Chicago physician achieves some
amazing results by treating patient
with patient's own blood which
has been made into a vaccine
& IIYSICIANS and surgeons from the
jf ? four corners of the globe have ex
I M porlmented with cuts, dogs nnd
Mr monkeys to find n serum for np
M pendlcltls, infantile pnrnlysls, dlph-
therla and what not. But the latest
serum Is the "Lazy Serum," which
has been demonstrated to have
splendid nnd efllclent action on
both body nnd mind.
This Is the discovery of Dr. L.
D. Rogers, formerly surgeon at
Cook County hospital, Chicago, 20 years senior pro
fessor of surgery In the Nntlonnl Emergency hos
pital, and first president of the American Cancer
Research society.
Technically this now treatment Is known ns auto
heinlc therapy, which menus treating your blood
with your own blood. The process first became
generally known Inst year, when Doctor Rogers
read n paper before the Chicago Society of Med
ical Research. He reported to the society the
results of his six years of observations treating
patients with a serum made with their own blood
ns n base. The doctor treated all classes of pa
tients whose troubles were apparently due to
faulty blood nnd his results In general were de
clared to bo remarkable. In the ten months that
have elnpsed since thp nutohemlc treatment was
made public the scrum hns become recognized as
n discovery as Important as the achievement of
Dr. Alexis Carrell, who was the first to transplant
luininn orgnns.
Autohemlc therapy Is especially remarkable be
cause of Its simplicity. Briefly, Doctor Rogers'
treatment consists In taking five drops of blood,
or some multiple of five, from n vein and putting
It Into 10 times ns much sterilized, distilled water.
After Incubating It at fever heat for 21 hours, fur
ther dilutions nre made according to the needs of
the patient, which can be determined only by a
physician skilled in Its use. When ready for in
jecting, the serum is colorless, odorless nnd taste
less. Doctor Rogers Is also authority for the
statement that ho has not been able to find any
physiological chemist sufficiently skilled to de
termine its contents.
Twenty to thirty drops of the serum or solution
thus prepared are Injected Into n vein or under
the skin. It may also be given by mouth, but not
with as certain results.
There seems to bo no limit to the number of
diseases and complaints for which this now treat
ment Is beneficial. It Is easier to enumerate those
conditions for which It Is not applicable. Troubles
mechanical, organic, or of acute bacteriological
origin, and those clearly recognized ns Incurable,
arc not expected to bo benefited by It, although a
few of these appear to yield.
The solution has been termed the "Antllnzy
Serum" because It primarily hns the energizing
qualities thnt do nwny with nervous fatigue, while
greatly Increasing physical and mental endurance.
To Illustrate: The fourth day after treatment
n woninn walked ten miles and was not ns tired as
she had been previously ufter walking only half a
mile.
Another enso In point wns that of a man gener
ally conceded to be the laziest person in his com
munity. He drank nbout 20 "whiskies" a day, but
nfter the ndmlnistrntlon of the serum ho began
to do regular hard manunl labor. This wns nbout
the first renl work ho had done for six years.
Ills rheumatic pains left him, ho needed n cano
no longer, his appetite returned, Insomnia wns re
placed by sound, refreshing sleep, his weight In
creased five pounds nnd his general appearance
changed from that of n "bum" to that of a clean,
wholesome, bright nnd honest workman. Previous
ly, too, he had suffered from loss of memory, but
nfter taking tho scrum he could recall the names
of many old ncqunlntnneos whom he could not
remember before tnklng tho trentment.
Most remarkable results have been obtained
when the serum was administered to expectant
mothers, nnd It Is In this field thnt Doctor Rogers
expects tho grentest good to bo accomplished
through the autohemlc treatment. It Is his belief
that if the treatment comes Into general use tho
birth of physical nnd mental defectives will be
reduced '00 per cent, nnd lnfnnt mortality from
congcnltnl weakness, the grentest cause of death
nmong children, will be wiped out.
Although Doctor Rogers nnd his associates have
treated a large number of expectant mothers with
the new serum there has yet to be reported a case
in which relief was not obtained from those
troublesome complaints so common during this
period. Furthermore, in a series of cases of
mothers who had previously borne children, tho
average duration of suffering with the birth of tho
serum bnby wns three hours, while with tho for
mer children without serum tho average was 11
hours. Still more wonderful nnd more Important
Is the fact thnt children whoso mothers hnd treat
ment a few months before their birth are stronger,
nnd healthier, mentally and physically, thnn otln.-r
chlidron of the same family who did not have tho
benefit of this nutohemlc therapy. There hns not
boon reported a death nmong tho "serum" babies,
although some nre now flvo years old.
It was while spending tho winter of 1009-10 In
Paris nnd London that Doctor Rogers became In-
AojtrjrG T?uv
forested In the study of enncer. He gave a great
deal, of his time watching some of England's fa
mous physicians hnrd at work in the Imperial
Cancer Research laboratory, the Middlesex Hos
pital Cancer laboratory, and the laboratory pre
sided over by Sir A. E. Wright, who originated
the Iden of vaccination against typhoid. He vlsltco.
the Pasteur Institute in Paris, and there saw
monkeys Inoculntcd with the products of Infantile
paralysis. Naturally ho became greatly enthused
over tho possibilities of serum trentment, nnd he
enme home with the determination to make an
uttempt to discover n serum to cure cancer, dia
betes, goiter and pernicious nnemln, the most dif
ficult chronic dlsense to fight. Ho has been suc
cessful In treating some rcmnrkablo cases of
goiter without resorting to nn operation. Many
cures of diabetes hnvo been reported, and encour
aging results have been obtained In pernicious
anemia.
Doctor Rogers' treatment of the blood seems to
bring out remarkable energizing qualities. Just as
the latent energy residing in water may be con
verted by application of bent into an expansive
vapor, steam," having a force cnpable of driving
great engines and draw long, heavy freight trains,
nnd Just ns the lntcst energy residing In gasoline
mny be transformed by Infinitesimal sparks Into
an expansive gns having a force cnpable of pro
pelling automobiles, airplanes and submnrlnes nt
a wonderful speed, so the latent energy In tho
blood seems by the Injection of n few drops of the
new serum directly Into the veins, to be converted
into "antibodies" which manifest their power and
activity in a thousand wnys, nnd In nn amount out
of all proportion to tho tiny spark of substance
thnt Inaugurated their nctlvlty or set them on fire.
An Interesting fnct nbout this serum Is that It
cannot be made by the wholesale and sold as a
patent medicine, because the patient's own blood
must be used In making It. It Is created on the
basic principle that "like cures like," and the
serum must be prepnred individually, for every
patient.
In ncuto bacterial dlsenses It is now Sonsidered
good practice tho world over to secure when
possible some of the germs causing the disease,
nnd then Inject them, after being killed by heat and
suspended In n solution, into tho patient whose
sickness they caused. Doctor Rogers nflirms that
when ho uses as a basis for his serum tho blood
of a patient suffering from n chronic complnlnt ho
undoubtedly collects some of these Imperfect cells
which nre causing the disease.
The merits of this new treatment hnvo been veri
fied by many progressive physicians In various
parts of the United States, some of whom have
acquired a practical knowledge of the system by
attending medical conventions In Kansas City, St.
Louis, Chicago, St. Paul and New York, whero
Doctor Rogers demonstrated and explained his
method. Others have become competent In using
the method by visiting Doctor Rogers and taking
n personal course of instruction under htm. Some
Idea ns to how this method Is being received by
the profession may be Inferred from the fact that
within two minutes after completing his demon
stration before the annual convention of the Amer
ican Association of Progressive Medicine at Kan
sas City, Doctor Rogers was unanimously elected
president of that society.
Perhaps the most remarkable Instnnce of n euro
yet obtained by means of nutohemlc therapy was
tho case of a trained nurse, whose trouble was
diagnosed ns Hodgklh's dlsense, generally consid
ered Incurable. During the three nnd n half years
preceding her visit to Doctor Rice, a physician
whom Doctor Rogers had instructed In nutohemlc
therapy, tho patient hud hnd live operations, one
for nppcndlcltis, one In which the stomach was re
sected, and three for removal of glands. She had
lost 25 pounds from her normnl weight and could
neither eat nor sleep sufficiently to keep up.
After tho first nutohemlc treatment on. October 1,
1010, nor condition began to improve so rapidly
as to astonish even Doctor Rogers himself. A
second treatment was given a week later, and nt
the end of tho third week she seemed so perfectly
well thnt trentment wns discontinued. After an
Intcrvnl, however, of six weeks, there were some
Indications of the return of tho enlargement of
the glands. Four other treatments a week apart
were given, and since that time there has been no
trouble of any sort. The patient regained all her
weight,- nnd Is today the picture of health.
In spenklng of nutohemlc thernpy, n prominent
New York physician said: "We nil hnvo known
tho therapeutic vnlue of blood nfter developing
certain antitoxins. All our artificial serums nre
products of blood serum. Modern medical science
would be unthinkable without this weapon to fight
the mnnlfold diseases to which humnn llesh Is heir.
"With nil this knowledge, does It not seem
strnnge thnt only now In the yenr 1010 the curative
value of our own blood for our own blood for our
own Ills has just been discovered, or, speaking
more accurately, been brought to our attention?
Many of us aro no doubt like n certain great
scientist who, when this new discovery, nutohemlc
thernpy, wns brought to his attention, said: 'This
is absolutely scientific. For a long time I hnvo
known tho fncts upon which It Is based, but I
never thought of their practical application.'
"Doctor Rogers' discovery is not only a revela
tion, but n revolution, In the method of fronting
n Inrge percentage of tho Ills of humanity. Tho
applicability of this treatment seems to bo co
extensive with the function of the blood, and Is
capable, therefore, of acting upon disease In nny
part of the body In which the blood circulates, no
matter In whnt form tho complnlnt manifests
Itself, nor whnt nnmo we give to It."
AMERICAN ADVENTURER 15 GREAI DISCOVERER
One of the great American adventurers died re
cently. He was Col. Charles Challle-Long, nnd his
dc'nth received the sumo scant notice that had been
awarded so nmriy of his achievements during his
lifetime. Soldier, author, diplomatist and explorer,
ho lived his seventy-five years as thoroughly as
any man of his time. He knew four continents
nnd ho solved n riddle that had puzzled mankind
for many years tho source of the Nllo river.
in a youth, Chnllle-Long fought with distinction
in the Civil war, says the Kansas City Times. He
im tcred as a private and came out a lieutenant
colonel. Then ho figured In a chnpter of our his
tory that Is little known to the present generation
our military mission to Egypt. Khedive Ismail
wanted to reorganize his nrmy and he wanted tho
work done by men who would bo free from tho
petty Interests and Intrigues of tho vnrlous Euro
pean countries, nil of which were Interested In
northern Afrlcu. The khedlve obtained the co-operation
of General Sherman, and In 18(50 ten Amer
ican officers half of them Federals and half for
mer Confederate commanders were sent to Egypt.
Challle-Long was one of the party, and be became
tho widest known for his work In Africa. Some
of tho others of the party were Generals Lorlng,
Llbby nnd Stone, and Majors Morgan and Kennon.
Found Lake Ibrahim.
Chaille-Long came under the Influence of tho
famous "Chinese" Gordon, then campaigning In tho
Sudan. He and Gordon designed the fortlllcntions
of Tel-cl-Keblr for tho defense of Cairo, and Gor
don Induced tho American to explore the upper
Nile. In two shallops constructed of tough bark
Chullle-Long and two companions continued along
tho river until they found Lake Ibrahim, now
known at Lake Choga. They found the bosom of
tho lake radiant with the great lotus, whoso leaves
aro strong enough to support tho body of a child.
Tho party discovered that tho river Issuing from
tho Victoria Nyunzn Is tho Nile, thus settling a
question that long had troubled geographers.
' On this trip Chnllle-Long nnd his two compan
ions, both Egyptian ofllcera, were nttacked by a
forco of several hundred natives. Tho explorers
1' carried sheet-Iron traveling cases, and barricaded
In those they stood oft' the attacking forco for
hours, killing more than 80 natives.
Challle-Long led several expeditions Into Africa
conquering tho Nlam-Nlnm country and adding it
to Egypt, and exploring n long stretch of tho East
coast of Africa that hitherto had been unknown
to clvllizutlon.
Called Back to Egypt.
His health falling under the Incessant hardships
to which lie had been subjected, Challle-Long came
back to this country In 1877 and studied law. Ho
became nn authority on International law, after
word teaching for a time in Paris. Hut at the time
of the Sudanese uprising in 1SS1 he was besought
by the American government to go back to Egypt
and take charge of the consulate at Alexandria,
from which all the other Americans had fled. Ho
saved hundreds of lives during those troublous
times, the consulate b"intr made a refuge for all
nationalities.
In 1887 Cleveland appointed Chnllle-Long con
sul general and secretary of the legation in t'orea.
The man's restless energy again manifested Itself
In exploration and he made an overland trip to
Seoul, discovering on the way the source of tho
Han river. Egypt called him again In 1800 and he
spent eight years there, writing and exploring.
The honors that had been tardy in their coming
began to ho showered upon him then. Great Hrlt
nln finally recognized his share In tho uncovering
of the secrets of tho Nile and gavo him equal rank
with Speke and linker. The American Geograph
ical society gave him a gold medal, and ho was
made secretary for the Universal Postal congress
at Washington and later secretary to the United
States commission at tho Paris exposition, 1000.
Chnllle-Long wrote u number of books dealing
with tho lands ho had explored. They aro standard
works upon the little-known regions of the world,
but they brought him llttlo revenue. Though half
a dozen nations honored him with medals and ti
tles, ho died n comparatively poor man. Ills only
reward of any consequence was tho trlbuto paid
him by "Chinese" Gordon, another of tho great ad
venturers: "This man deserves to rank with the
world's chief discoverers."
(Prepared by tho United Stales Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Tho minimum width to nccommodntc
snfcly two lines of nvcrngo horse
drnwn trnfllc Is 14 feet, nnd for auto
mobile trnfllc tho width preferably
should bo not less than 18 feet, though
n width of 10 feet Is used frequently.
In' order to mnlntnln the traveled way
to tho required width nnd to nfTord
proper safeguards ngalust accidents, it
Is necessary to provide a shoulder not
less than three or four feet wldo along
each sldo of tho roadway proper. The
shoulders may have a somewhat steep
er crown than tho rest of tho road
surface, but they should bo sufllclcntly
ilat not t(j endanger trnfllc using them
and really should constitute nn addi
tional width of roadwuy. This means
that tho total width of roadway be
tween side ditches never should bo less
than 20 feet whero horsc-drnwn trulllc
predominates, iuidv24 feet whero nny
considerable volumo of automobile
trnfllc Is to bo nccommodnted.
Whero shnrp curves occur In tho
nllgnment It Is desirable, though not
customary, to Increuso tho width of
tho traveled way. A vehicle being
drawn along n curved road tends to oc
cupy nn appreciably greater width
than whero tho road Is straight, and
unless the width of the trnvolcd way Is
increased correspondingly, this ten
dency contributes materially to tho
hazards that Invariably accompany
shnrp curves. Tho minimum widths
given above should also be lncrcnsed
on embankments of nny considerable
depth, so us to mnko maintenance
easier and nt the same time diminish
tho dnnger of nccldents.
The width of right of way required
to provldo nil necessary area for tho
roadway, slopes uud ditches, varies
considerably with tho nature of tho
topography.
Grades.
In designing a public road one of tho
most dlfllcult problems to solve proper
ly Is tho question of maximum allow
able grades. In deciding this question,
tho advantages to bo gained by reduc
ing ull of tho steeper grades on a par
ticular road to a given maximum
should be weighed against the addi
tional cost which tho reduction In
volves. Tho following data and suggestions
nre Intended to aid Individual judg
ment, which necessarily must be tho
prlmo factor lu solving this Important
problem :
1. The cost of averago plensuro traf
fic, horse-drawn and motor, Is prndtl
cally unaffected by grades of not moro
than 0 or 7 per cent (six or seven feet
rlso per 100 feet, mensured horizontal
ly), provided tho conditions aro such
that It Is unnecessary to apply tho
brakes to vehicles when descending
the grades. Rut for tralllc where loads
nro as Important as speed, oven very
light grades may bo of considerable
disadvantage.
2. Increasing tho steepness or a
grndo decreases in threo distinct ways
tho load u horso can haul: (a) for tho
same charnctor'of surface, tho required
tractive effort or pull per ton of load
Is Increased by nbout 20 pounds for
each per cent Incrcnso In grade, (b)
tho possible pull tho horso can exert Is
decreased by un amount equal to tho
effort required to lift his own weight
through the rise. This amount Is ap
proximately equal to one one-hundredth
of tho horse's weight for each
per cent Increase In grade, (c) the ef
fective pull of Die horso is reduced by
the change In tho angle nt which tho
pull Is applied.
'.). Tho pull n horso can exert on n
level road varies greatly with tho In
dividual animal, nnd Is affected by the
manner of hitching and the skill of tho
driver. Tho character of tho road
surfaco also may havo im Important
Influence by affecting the security of
the horse's foothold.
Tests made- by tho olllco of public
roads and rural engineering Indicate
that, on a level road, average farm
horses untrained to tho road can exert
n steady pull for several consecutive
hours equivalent to from 0.08 to 0.10
of their own weight without undue
fatigue, and that by resting nt Inter
vals of from 500 to GOO feet they can
exert a pull equivalent to about 0.25
of their weight, provided the foothold
Is good.
4. Tho tests referred to above also
Indicate that with a well-constructed
wage tho pull required to move a
gross load of one ton over a level road
varies about us follows:
PounilB.
Loosa sand road 315
AviTAKii dry earth road .(varies
Kreatly) 150
Firm eartli or Btunl-clay roiul 105
AvuraKo Rravel roiul 80
Klrst-cl.iBs gravel or macadam road,... 55
In general, the Judgment should be
largely lnllueuced, In fixing the maxi
mum grade, by' tho topography of the
region which lu road traverses. Ac
cording to tho best current practice.
where tho road Is or is expected to bo
como of sufllclent lmportnnco to war
rant a highly Improved surfaco, tho
maximum grado usually Is fixed with
reference- to this featuro about ns fol
lows :
For cent.
CoaBtnl plain and prnlrlo regions.. ..2 to 3
Average rolling country 4 to 0
Hilly or mountainous regions G to 8
Tho question of minimum grndo Is
of Importance only ns regnrds th sldo
ditches. Thcso should hnvo adequate
fall to empty tho wntcr that collects
in them at n sufficiently rupld rate to
prevent dnmngo to tho rond. Ordinar
ily It is desirable to give tho sldo
ditches n full of about ono foot per 100
feet of length, though a somewhat less
fall hns proved satisfactory some
times. '
Wherovor changes In grndo occur
the chuugo should bo made by means
of a vertical curve, and not by an
abrupt anglo. '
Slopes.
Tho slopo at which earth will stand
when faced up In n cut or placed In nn
embnnkment depends (1) on tho char
acter of tho earth and (2) on tho cli
mate. In cuts, a good quality of non
slaking clny usunlly will stand on a
slopo of about 45 degrees, or, as slopo
Is expressed usually, ono horizontal to
ono vcrtlcnl, oven whero fairly deep
freezing occurs, nnd In some of tho
Southern states such material has been
known to stand for many years on n
slope of less than one-hnlf to one. On
tho other hand, clny thnt slakes very
easily, may require a slopo of threo to
one, or oven four to one, under tho most
favorsblo condition of climate, but
this latter extreme Is very unusuul.
Tho usual slopo for clay In cuts Is ono
to one In warm climates and ono and
one-hnlf to ono In cold climates.
Whllo In the case of embankments
clay usually can bo deposited on an
initial slopo of about ono to one, thla
steep slopo .seldom can be maintained
unless tho mnterlal is of an exceptional
quality nnd tho climate very favorable.
Ordinarily clay embankments should
hnvo n slopo of nbout two to ono In
cold climates nnd nt lenst ono nnd ono
hnlf to ono In warm climates; nnd if
tho clny bo of qucstlonnblo quality,
thcso values should bo acrcased. Em
bankment slopes require more enro In
construction thnn excavation slopes,
because any flattening of an embank
ment slopo by tho nctlon of weather
after the road Is completed Is very
likely to dnmngo tho road surfaco;
whllo tho sliding In of excavation
slopes usually does no further dnmngo
than to obstruct tho sldo ditches,
which enn bo reopened readily.
Sand of average quality usually re
quires n slopo of about two to ono In
cuts nnd threo to one in embankments,
regardless of climate. Moderately
coarse sand mixed with gravel will
stand on u steeper slope than flno
snnd, becauso tho former Is not moved
so readily by tho action of storm wa
ter. Solid rock excavation usually can bo
done on nn average Hlope of about one
fourth to ono, except whero tho rock
occurs In sloping strata separated by
slippery cluy scams. In the latter ouso
tho average slopo may bo ns much as
one-half to ono or three-fourths to one.
The faces of rock cuts usuully nro not
dressed down to oven an approximate
ly smooth slope, as Is done in earth
cuts. In excavating solid rock only
such material Is moved ns Is actually
necessnry to obtuln tho desired' width
nt tho bottom of tho cut or us hns been
loosened in blasting. Tho faces should,
of course, bo cleared of nil material
which Is loose, or which might bo
loosened subsequently by frost and
slldo down upon the road. Stono em
bankments usually will stand on u
slope of about one to one. J
In order to prevent dnmngo by wish
ing all earth slopes In either excava
tion or embankment should bo protect
ed by n growth of grass us soon aaj
practicable after thoy aro formed.
In many localities whero tho soil Is
fertile and u good quality of grass Is
native no seeding of the slopeii Is nee-1
essary. In other cases tho soil may not
possess sufllclent fertility to grow
grass, even when tho slopes aro seed-t
ed, nnd In which event It may bo very
desirable to cover tho slopes with cut.
sod. This latter process usually Is
very expensive, and should bo em
ployed only where It Is known thntj
thorough seeding and fertilizing would'
fall to secure a covering of sod.
Another precaution frequently neces
sary In order to prevent the washing
away of excavation slopes is to Inter
cept wnter from tho natural ground
surfaco which otherwise would flow
down over tho excavation slope. This
Is dono by means of n "berm" dltcli,
constructed well back from tho top o4
the slope. Figure 2 Illustrates a con
dition which makes n "berm" dltcli
desirable and also rihova how such n
ditch Is constructed.
1
M
