DAKOTA COUNTY HERALD; DAKOTA CITY, NEBRASKA.
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PEDESMSGIiy
SAN SALVADOn, CAPITAL OF KG.
PUBLIC, IN RUINS, 8AYS DIS-
PATCH FROM NICARAGUA.
VOLCANO IS IN ERUPTION
Towns Within Radius of Thirty Miles,
In Central American State, Are
Wrecked Many Persons Re
ported Killed.
Rqhiif ixj iiie Deadly Sea
i line and OUbrtiar ine
San Junn Del Sur, Mcnragua, Juno
3-1. Many Uvea were lost In the de
struction by earthquake of the city of
San Salvador and several other towna
.iu Salvador, according to monger ad
vices received here.
Snn Salvador, the capital of the Re
public of Salvador, has n population ol
more than (50,000.
A dispatch from Tegucigalpa, IIon
durns, says that In nddltlon to the wip
ing out of San Salvador, the towns of
-Quezultlpeque, Nejupa, Suchlchoto,
Pnlsnal, Armentos and KoJIcanos also
were destroyed. Kejlcanos was a sub
urb of San Salvador.
An operator who reached the edge
of the destroyed zono reported that
San Salvador was In ruins, and that
everything within a radius of 30 miles
had been destroyed by the earthquake.
The town of Santa Tccla also has
"been .destroyed, according to this re
port. Residents of San Salvador nr
camping In the streets and parks.
The disaster Is supposed to havo
been caused by an eruption of the vol
cano of Snn Salvador, at the foot of
"which the city is situated.
The telegraph operator at Tegucigal
pa, Honduras, reported that the opera
tor at San Salvador had Informed him
that enrthqunkes had been felt there.
The shocks also were felt at Teguci
galpa, where the operator at 7:45 p.
m. lost communication with San Sal
vador on all wires.
From Sensuntenpeque, In north cen
tral Salvador, flumes were seen rising
-apparently from n volcano in the
neighborhood of San Salvador.
Human
inge?iuity has
been taxed the limit in
developing these instru
ments of destruction
and finding means
to overcome
them
a
a
CYCLONES KILL THIRTY-NINE
Tornadoes Hit Kansas, Missouri, Ken
tucky and Michigan Millions of
Dollars In Damage.
Chicago, June 8. Thirty-nine per
sons were killed and millions of dol
lars' worth of property damaged by
tornadoes which swept through Kan
sas, Missouri, Kentucky and Michigan.
In central nnd lower Michigan three
-were killed, fifteen "Injured nnd tho
property loss was over $1,000,000. Tho
storm twisted through Jackson, Rattle
Creek, Lansing nnd other cities. Mrs.
Mary Rnnzlcr nnd her baby were killed
near Ann Arbor, nnd Mrs. Florence
Urown wns crushed to denth at Spring
port by falling walls.
In Missouri seven persons wera
"killed in Wright county nnd much
damage done In tho apple belt. Eleven
lives were lost In Boone county, three
at Richmond, nnd one nt Whltnm.
Kansas reports eight fatalities In
the country west nnd southwest of To
pekn, nnd one wns killed nt Savon
burg, in tho far southeastern section
of the state.
Reports from Centrnl City, Ky., were
OR many months nfter the out
break of the war abroad the sub
marine mine was a close second to
the torpedo In achieving tho de
struction of all kinds of shipping.
Thereafter the mine fell somewhat
behind, not because It lacked
power to do harm, but for two
4 other reasons ilrst, the wholesome
dread Inspired by the prescribed mined areas and
next because of tho various expedients adopted
by the belligerents to neutralize these subaqueous
weapons. Even so, the mine Is playing a big part
In marine wnrfnre, and we shall have to count
with it nnd ngninst It now that we have Joined
forces with the entente nllles.
It Is n matter of record that tho Germans got
the Jump on tho British by their prompt nnd even
dnrlng employment of the submarine mine. With
in n very short time after the declaration of war
Teuton mine planters were operating on the Eng
lish and Scottish coasts and were busily engaged
In sowing these weapons nt the very entrance of
enemy ports nnd rivers.
For this purpose it was rather easy then to
have recourse to North sea fishing craft that had
all tho outward complexion of innocence; Indeed,
for weeks these boats went about their work well
nigh unsuspected. It wns only when British battle
craft were mysteriously damaged and sunk that
tho British authorities nwnkened to their peril.
Even then tho belief prevailed that the daninge
wns more or less a mattnr of sheer chance
chance In the nnture of a friendly defense mine
that had got adrift. Then the next explanation
was that a particularly daring U-bont commander
had managed to get within striking distance, and
finally It dawned upon the British const patrol
that enemy mines were being freely planted right
under their very noses.
Every fishing boat was then an object of sus
picion, and prompt Investigation proved in n great
many cases that there was ample warrant for this
attitude. Neutral trawlers became more and more
Infrequent In certain of the waters contiguous
to the north and east coasts of Scotland nnd Eng
Innd, nnd for a time tho mine menace was held
pretty well In hnnd.
The resourceful Teutons,
however, wore not
checkmated, and It wns only n question of time be
fore they developed n method with which to offset
the vlgilnnco of the British constat patrol. Then
tho German submarine mine layers got to work.
How many of these the kaiser's experts have built
that live persons were killed and 20 and sent to their fields of service In tho waters of
Hurt in the cyclone which ravaged tho the North sea especially, Is not known It Is safe
j .. f . t,,nr,v nf tlipin linvo liopn liullt and dis-
surroundlng county, isovier, u .....us " "Vr . ; " VV, " :, ,,...
jmiuiiuti upuu iiii-ii iiiiBinin.1 iiiiu im,- Huiiiuii '-
town near Centrnl City, wns reported
-wiped out
JGERMAN SHIP LOST IN FIGHT
iDestroyer Sunk and Another Damaged
In Fight With British Austrian
Craft Torpedoed.
London, June 7. A Gcrmnn de
stroyer hns been sunk nnd nnother
-damnged In n running fight between
six German destroyers and Commo
dore Tyrwhltt's squadron, tho admiral
ty announces.
Vlennn, June 7. An Austrian torpe
do boat wns torpedoed nnd sunk by n
"hostile submnrine on Sunday night in
tho northern Adrlnlic, It wns oillclnlly
announced.
ncter of them nil is probably much akin to that
of the U-C-o", which was captured and taken into
a British port.
By chnnco a British destroyer discovered tho
U-C-5 on tho surface nnd In distress nt some point
nlong the east const. When summoned by megn
phono to surrender the crew of tho submarine
mustered on deck and held up their hands in
token of submission, but curiously before a relief
bont could bo sent to them they Jumped overboard.
The cause of their action wns soon explnlned.
Another member of tho submarine's complement
suddenly appeared upon deck and threw himself
into tho water nnd nlmost Imniedlntely afterward
there were a number of violent explosions within
the U-O-fj. The last man had exploded bombs
which blew holes In the craft. But for prompt
action on tho part of n British sublieutenant, who,
protected by n gas mask, wont dnuntlessly down
into the injured U-bont, the mine planter would
have filled and gone to tho bottom In water too
deep for her recovery.
As It was, she represented n desperate task for
Kaiser's Subject, Who Sank Steam-1 her would-be salvors and it wns neeessui.y l so-
GERMAN CAPTAIN GIVEN YEAR
ship Llebenfels In Charleston Har
bor, Sent to Atlanta Prison.
Charleston, S. C, Juno 8. Cnpt J.
"R. Klatenhoff, former master of tho
Germnn steamship Llebenfels, which
lie pleaded guilty to sinking In Charles
ton hnrbor when tho break with Ger
many wns Imminent, was sentenced
to a year in Atlanta penitentiary.
No Passports to Peace Meet.
Rome, Juno 11. Minister of the In
terior Orlando said no passports will
lie given to Socialists who wish to pnr
tlclputc in the conference nt Stock
holm. Ho considers tho conference a
maneuver of the central powers.
Austrlans In Big Movement.
Udlne, Italy, June 11. A semiofficial
.announcement says that Austria hns
made a formidable concentration of
forces on tho Italian front. Tho Ital
ians are now confronted by nn esti
mated two-thirds of tho entire army.
Eight Die on British Ship.
New York, Juno 11. Cable advices
to tho International Mercantile com
pntiy declare that eight persons
nbonrd the 1,200-ton British torpe
doed liner Southland were killed out
right And Unit 40 arc mltsbic.
cure n couplo of mines within tho boat that hnd
been set freo by the explosions before It wns
safe to tow the submarines Into harbor nnd to dork
her. Upon examination this new order of sub
marine was found to bo charged or laden with a
dozen powerful contnet mines housed In six ver
tical wells passing directly from deck to bottom of
the craft.
Each well held two mines, ono on top of the
other, nnd both were kept In their plnces by lock
ing devices which could be relensed from within
tho .submarine. Tho controlling stntlon for this
operation wns found to bo in tho conning tower.
so that the commander of the boat with only her
periscopes abovo water could see Just where to
sow his wenpons.
In this wny the Germans hnve been able upon
many occasions to npproao.h certain sections of
tho wnters nbout the British Isles nnd to plnnt
there mines that hnve nccompllshed the destruc
tive work cut out for them. How many ships
have been sent to tho bottom by mines sown by
boats of this sort Is, of course, a mnttcr of con
jecture, but there can bo no doubt that submarine
mine planters nre actively employed today.
One thing nbout them that mnkes them of spe
clal Interest, even concern, to us Is that there Is
nothing to prevent their operating In a similar
rannner upon our Atlantic const. What Is to pre
vont n submnrine somewhat after the order of the
Deutschland from being equipped for work of
this nnture? Instend of caurylng some hundreds
of tons of commercial freight she could Just as
easily divide that weight among mines, mine-plant-
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GOSSIP FROM STATE HOUSE
Blank petitions for tho roforondum
in tho limited suffrngo law passed
).v tho last loglslaturo aro bolug cir
:ulatod from headquarters at Omaha.
Much of tho state's nvallnblo land,
Idlo In past years, 1b bolng utillzod
In tho groat ondoavor to mcroaso tho
ood production
:omtng yoar.
nocdod during tho
According to a ruling by tho attor
noy gonoral salarlos nnd administra
tive oxponsos of tho unlvorslty can
bo lognlly paid out of tho 3-4 mill tax
lovy for actlvltloa.
Speclnl branches of work In tho ed
ucational department of tho state may
havo to bo dIsconMnuod on account of
a scnrclty of teachers resulting from
enlistments nnd other causoa pro
duced by tho war.
Deputy Attornoy Gonoral Doxtor T.
Barrott has tondorcd his resignation ..u
Attornoy Gonoral Rood, and tho latter
hns nccoptod It and named Charles S.
Roo, now assistant In tho stnto legal
dopnrtmont to succcod him.
Ing nppnrntus nnd nn incrensed supply of fuel and
food which would mnko it possible for her to per
form her service for longer periods nnd over
wider zones of nctlon.
The whole subject of submarine mines, offensive
nnd defensive, nnd the subaqueous protection
ngulnst enemy submarines Is one with which our
naval nnd military authorities are deeply engaged.
It Is safe to sny that we are going to see some rc
mnrkable developments, nnd lnrgely becnuse our
nllles nre going to give us tho benefit of their own
experience so thnt native Ingenuity can start to
Improve upon the fruits of the labors of others.
Indeed, our subaqueous defenses must of necessity
bo of tho best types possible because of the extent
of our senbonrd nnd the comparatively limited
number of vessels that the navy has for patrol
work.
The recent presidential order prescribing de
fense zones at the approaches of certain ports nnd
wuterwnys hnd to do with tho army's part pri
marily In this mutter of subaqueous snfegunrds.
The mine fields controlled by the military authori
ties, those of the Coast Artillery corps, aro as a
rule protected by observation mines or electric
contact mines that nre ninde nctlvo or Innctlvo by
the operation of a switch. That Is to say, tho vita
lizing current conies from a central stntlon ashore,
and neither of these types of mines will explode
unless the electric current reaches them by wny
of n submerged cnblo.
In the case of the contnet mine with the current
turned on the mine will explode when bumped
nnd tilted over to n prescribed nngle. The obser
vation mine, on the other hnnd, does not hnve
to be touched by the enemy craft, but Is subject
to the will of an observer on shore.
Observation mines nre plnnted In groups nnd
are laid out In definite checkerboard nrens, and
each group Is set off separately nnd simultane
ously. The observer, by menns of range marks
or bearings, knows Just when the npproachlng foe
reaches any one of these squares, and accordingly
the ono within which the enemy lies at tho mo
ment determines the group of mines to be deto
nated. Tho contnet mine, ns mny enslly be understood,
does Its work whore nn observer might fall, nfter
dnrk, nnd for thnt reuson the electric current Is
turned on with set of sun nnd the whole nrea so
sown becomes Instantly a nionnce to friend or foe.
It Is quite likely thnt observation mines were
employed by the Turks nt the Dnrdnnelles. nnd
therefore by nppronchlng from under wntor It wns
possible for the British submarine B-ll to dive
benenth five rows of mines, probably shoving
their cables aside and tilting tho weapons, and
then pushing on so thnt she could rise to the sur
fnce nnd torpedo the Turkish battleship Me.ssii
dlyeli, which was stationed to guard that very
mine field.
Had those mines been of tho contact sort, the
displacement of their cables would probably hnve
caused their detonation nnd likewise the destruc
tion of the B-ll. Other British submarines suc
ceeded In passing submerged through those Turk
ish defenses, the enemy observers being tumble to
see the underwater boats. It was the exploits of
the submarines at the Dardanelles that dit-closcd
to the British the wenk spot In their own mine
defenses nnd led n short While nflerwurd to tho
development of other protective agencies In deal
ing with the German underwater boats.
Unquestionably the most hpeetnciilar part of
submarine mining Is that In which tho weapons
nre resorted to In open wntors, erpeclally In those
offshore ureas whore n defense of that sort Is not
ordinarily employed. The Italians were the pio
neers In this order of subaqueous warfare, a id
they developed the art In peace to such n point
that other nations realized that the mine was no
longer limited In Its potential usefulness either to
tho defense of a port or for blockading the ships
in nn enemy harbor.
The Italians showed thnt the submnrine mines
could be used offensively, so to speak, If planted
secretly and plnced where by strategy the unsus
pecting foe could bo lured over and Into them.
The Jnpunese during their wnr with Russia jnndo
good use of what the Italians hnd taught them,
and when the present conflict began Germany
was fully prepared to carry tho practice still fur
ther. German mine layers wero ready and numerous
on August 1 three years ago ; and ns we now know
the kaiser's nuvy lost no time In mining tho mnrlno
approaches to the fatherland. Not only thnt, but
these craft, In various guises, planted mines over
wldo ureas In tho North sen and In tho waters of
tho Brltlfeh Isles.
The Hague convention of 1!)07 among other
things provided that "It Is forbidden to lay an
chored automatic contact mines which do not
become harmless as soon as they have broken looso
from their moorings;" and U was also prescribed
X?OYPRTSC?aP$.Orr,!2t)P
J. W. Shorthlll, socrotary of tho
state farmors' grain nnd llvo stock
association, ha3 gono to Washington
to protest ngalnst proposed legislation
regarding prico fixing by tho govern
ment In so far as" It rolatC3 to farm
products.
According to tho
stato treasurer, tho
gonoral fund has
$156,000 to $278,000.
nnco In nil tho funds has lncronsod
from $1,200,000 to $1,525,000.
report ot tho
balanco in tho
lncronsod from
Tho total bal-
at thnt time
thnt no unanchor-
ed mines should '
bo used which would be dangerous more than tin
hour nfter they hnd been dropped Into tho sea.
The mines In question are self-contained contact
mines that nre not controlled from any shore or
observing stntlon nnd nre well-nigh instantly men
acing when cnBt overbonrd.
Just before tho wnr the Germnns, with their
usual technlcnl cunnings, developed a naval of
fense and defense initio which could bo used either
In a fixed position or be planted hastily In water
traversed by enemy shipping. This mine Is tho
type which hns done such destructive work and Is
designed to bo fired by an electric battery placed
Inside of the mine, this battery being Innctlvo un
til the mine has been submerged and then struck
by a passing craft.
A development of the contnet mine which tho
Germans have at times employed successfully Is
one sut mounted by a dummy or decoy periscope.
The object of this ruse Is to Invite ramming on
the part of a patrolling vessel or even a mer
chantman when the deceived navigator believes
that tho chance Is good for sending n U-boat to
tho bottom. Of course n vessel attempting to nun
that dummy periscope Is sure to strike the con
tact mine nnd cnuse It to explode, the result being
dlsustrous to tho ramming craft.
This lure hns not worked so well lntterly be
cnuse the observer Is nble In n few moments to
establish the fact that the periscope Is stationary,
nnd the work of getting the underlying initio out
of the way is left to the fairly safe process of
sweeping trawlers linked together by a loop of
wire rope doing the work.
In order to deal with both the submarine tor
ni.iln bout nnd the submnrine mine planter tho
British admiralty has had recourse to defense
nets of a novel character. These havo boon very
well described by Rear Admiral William S. Sims.
According to tills authority:
"We did not find out for a long time what thoso
nets are like and I think It Is necessary that it
should be understood In order to realize the great
danger submarines run In the presence of light
surface craft.
"The net Is a very light one, made of llttlo wlro
rope, probably not as big as a lead pencil, prob
ably not more than a quarter of an Inch In diame
ter. Tho meshes of tho net are 12 to 115 feet
square. On top of tills net are floats and on tho
bottom nre little weights.
"Tho moment tills net 'unbeknownst' to tho
submnilno commnnder, of course Is In tho wnter
In front of him, the flonts keep tho net on tho
surfneo and the weights keep tho bottom down,
nnd If he runs into it his bow goes into uuu of
the meshes nnd the net fulls buck around him,
nnd It may foul his propeller or may not.
"Tho net is !)00 or -100 yards long, nnd us the
submarine proceeds flic floats will trail on tho
surface, so Hint even If he dives deeper he lenves
these on the surfnee nnd his trail Is plain and thero
Is no difficulty then in capturing him. He knows
when ho runs into a net Unit his capture Is prac
tically certain, if he goes down 200 feet tho
llouls of the net nre still on tho surface."
These nuts are used In two ways, cither passive
lv nt chosen noiuts in uutirdod waters or they aro
dropped overboard by patrolling vessels that dis
cover a submerged submarine In motion. It Is a
fact that even though a submarine be running
totally submerged 20 or .'10 feet down, It still
causes n disturbnnco at the surface, not n wako
It. the usual sense of the term, but a typo of
wave which is enslly distinguished from the regu
lar surface waves, und this phenomenon Is readily
discernible from the bridge of a ship or from a
h.xdroplnue.
To return to tho submarine mine. Wo have so
far considered only that so-called offensive typo
which can bo anchored In fairly smooth wntersj
such as prevail extensively In tho North sea, but
now let us take up that kind which can bo dropped
overborn d In much deeper water. This sort Is
capable of being plnnted from u speedy ship
seemingly bent upon escnplng from her pursuers,
nnd her strategy consists In Inviting chuse whllo
dropping these stumbllugblocks right in the path
of her oncoming enemies.
Generally tho ship hitting weapons of this sort
does so bow on, and that part of a vessel Is tbo
least vital section. A craft may havo her bow
blown off and yet be able to mnko a haven, and
besides the damage may bo susceptlblo of speedy
repair. Our mines, on the other hand, hnvo n de
layed action, nnd nfter being hit by tho stem
of n craft roll sternwnrd In contnet with her bot
tom for some distance before they explode. In
this wny tho blow, when the mlnu does burst,
strikes some vital area and tho damage Is well
nigh certain to bo fatal. New York Sun.
A potltlon asking for n thorough
investigation of tho Nebraska. School
for tho Donf has boon filod with th
stato board of control. Among tho
chnrgos Bpoclllcd aro mismanagement,
favoritism, lack ot dlsclpltno and Incompetency.
Stato Veterinarian Anderson makes
tho statement that tho constant do
mand from Europe for American
horses has seriously doploted tho num
ber of animals nyallablo for the uso
of tho Unltod States government, par
tie ularly in Nobraska.
Governor Nevlllo's attontlon havlns
boon called to tho labor law making
nlno hours a day's work for womon,
says ho does not bollovo the law will
bo onforccd In tho caso ot thoso
womon who will bo called upon to tako
mon's placoB during service in tho
war.
Stnto Labor CommlsBionor Goorga
Normnn hnB been appointed by Gover
nor Novllle to tho now position of com
ponsatlon commissioner, croatod by
tho last legislature. Tho govornor
named him for this placo on tho under
standing that ho will porform the
dutlos of both offlcos with no extra
salary.
Tho supromo court has upheld a
California law Imposing an occupation
tax on corporations doing an lntorstuU
buslnoss based upon tho capital stock
Tho stato of Nobraska has a similat
law, and has won a suit against the
Rock Island railroad, which may ba
appealed, but it is thought tho docisiou
in the California caso will render such
proccodlng usoIosb.
At a rocont meoting of tho Lincoln
Commercial club, thero waB a gonoral
discussion of the convict road law
adopted by tho lato legislature. Tha
bill carries nn appropriation of ? 50,000
to bo, used by tho board of control in
tho purchase ot a sito and equipment
of u plant for manufacturing purposes,
to bo oporatod for tho uso and benollt
of tho stato in tho omploymont of con
victs nt tho po'nltoutiary. Following
reports from Dr. Condra and Prof.
Chatburn of tho stato unlvorslty, Stato
Engineer Johnson, and others, tho club
adopted resolutions urging tho board
of control to investigate tho uso of
convict labor in tho various BtatoB
with tho idea ot putting into offoct
sonato file No. 300; and that such part
ot tho $50,000 appropriated and now
ivnllablo, us may bo necessary, bo ex
pended for tho purchnso ot a Bite, ma
chinery and oqulpmont for tho opera
tion of a plant for tho making ot brick,
or getting out other road building ma
terial and thus conserving tho ro
Bourcos of our state; and further urges
tho board of control to purchase such
machinery ,nd oqulpmont as la nec
essary to niako tho convict road law
oporatlvo.
Owing to tho factUhat Nobraska la
several hundred troops behind in war
strength, Adjutant Gonoral Hall antici
pates n draft ot men between 18 and
45 to fill up tho ranks. This would
bo indopendont of tho soloctlvo draft
authorized in tho fedoral army bill.
Thirty two-days coursos In can
ning will bo hold ovor tho Btato dur
ing tho month of Juno, under super
vision of tho unlvorslty oxtonslon
service. This department is very
anxious that every woman possible
attend theso sessions.
An act of tho 1015 legislature
which empowers high school dis
tricts containing loss than bIx sec
tions of land to annex parts ot other
districts contiguous thereto under
tho direction of tho county Biiporin
tondont and county board was hold
valid by tho supremo court re
cently in a decision In a Nemahfc
county caso. Tho fact that tho land
was not detached equally tttan nil
of tho adjacent districts 1 hold not
to vitiate tho proceedings.
"M