DAKOTA COUNTY HERAT. D: DAKOTA CITY. NEBRASKA. , Cbrietittas'Pver$b J A&& ere &h t9 rear WMH MtMJLT OK CEOfflGSSBMPE TO WM15 A(S PTO BBuWTT HMDS CSEtLDEWE (SILTO&W-IPOO'GMtl Wat-) mi (IAHFRIp9H ( Kr9 J&E' lrW - 'fcrxLJXMJjL T 7 fl A2 X fflHRJBUrFN-(B)TJ UailLUlWl nCmmil Jr lUB(BMPMllMKft53M6P -A "v. 4 0 FO HS! ICTOUY inny como and victory inny go, l)Ut no futuro triumphs or defeats can ever soften f or Europe the memory of this dark Christmas of 1910, the saddest she has over known. Pride In tho present and faith in the fu ture sustain everyono of the warring peoples In their exaltation of sacrifice, But at ChristinasChristmas, tho feast of the home and of the .family exnltntlon dies, and only sorrow, tho sorrow of the bereft Individual, re mains, says the Now York Sun. It Is n very different Christmas Europe Is ap proaching this year from that of two years ago. Then the shod: and excitement of tho beginning of the war were still tingling. In England the question of munitions Is today of no less im portance to tho popular mind than, two years ago, was Jhoj absorbing question of getting a plum 'pudding to every man In the trenches. Tltero was stilUtalk of the kaiser's dining. In Paris, and dis cussions as to which ruler should, lend the tri umphant allies In procession through Unter den Linden, Victory seemed a much simpler matter then than ft does today. Everyono admitted then that victory would bo bought only with sorrow and sacrifice. Now everyone knows, with tho hard knowledge of experience, that victory will bo bought only with sorrow heaped on sorrow and icrlflco heaped on sacrifice. It is this knowledge onto In on every home, howover exulted or how over humble, that makes the Christmas celebra tion of 1010 In Europe n solemn sacrament of sorrow. Of nil tho warring peoples Christinas menus tho, most to the Germans nnd on nono will tho sacrlflco of tho traditional customs of the day fall so henvlly. There Is no blood and Iron In the German Chrlstmns. Thcro Is Instend n ten der und appealing sentiment tlint Is typical of nil that lp beat In tho Germnn character. Tho wholo world is Indebted to Germany for tho Christmas tree and for many of tho most delight ful of tho Christmas stories and customs that , Americans have ndoptcd as their own. Tho Ger innn Christinas Is n day for tho home, the family nnd tho children, with Its every custom endeared by generations of tradition. ' Tho real Germnn Christmas celebration occurs on Chrlstmns ovc. About four o'clock tho dinner 1s served, an clnborato and hearty feast, consist ing of a long sorlos of traditional dishes, all eaten in n state of wild excitement. During this meal the Krlstklnd makes Its appearance. This figure Is n cuilous product of sentiment and Imagina tion, 'n queer combination of tho Holy Child, the - good fnlry and our own Santa Clans. It Is rep resented in tho country district by it half-grown child mndo up us nil nngel, who goes from door to door calling for tho good children, giving sweet meats at one house nnd begging them nt tho next. Aftor dinner comes tho great moment when the doors are opened Into tho Christmas room where tho lighted tree hnH tho place of honor. Tho treo Is nlwnyB placed near n window so thnt every pnsscr-by can see nnd share It. A walk through tho deserted residence streets of any German town nt this hour on Christmas ove leaves n mem ory of Chrlstmns cheer and spirit thnt can never be forgotten. By nine o'clock tho family Is ready to eat again, ti light supper .including still moro of tho tradi tional Christmas dishes. Every one, rich or popr, lias Nuremberg ginger cake, Its nhlny brown sur face decorated with almonds and raisins, and with tho word "Wellinnchton" and tho' yenr worked out in pink find white frosting. Stollen, n sort of plum enko, nnd many sweet biscuits of various shapes nnd sizes, nro nil Indispensable parts of this feast. But this yenr, with n shortage of fats In her food supply so severe as to demand serious at tention on tho part of tho government, there is in Germany no butter or milk for tho Chrlstmns cakes, no tnllow or wax for tho Christmas cun dies. To many peoplo this little homely depriva tion will bring a realization of tho severities of war moro vivid nnd moro compelling than oven tho sight of tho fast-growing graveyards. With two million now graves In tho land, with dlro ne cessity robbing her denrcst holiday of Its dearest symbols, no triumphs of arms can mako this ChrlBt mas of 1010 anything but it snd and sorrowful feast in tho homos of tho Gormun empire. In' Austria tho Christmas celebrations aro ns vurled- ns tho races and religions that mako up that gnat loosely knit empire. Where tho Greek church prevails tho celebration occurs a fortnight Inter than ours; that Is, on January 7. It Is ac companied by feasting nnd by various local cus toms. The Slovacs of Bohemia and Moravia have curious Christmas usages in which superstition has entirely triumphed over religious significance. This Is the great day of tho year when tho pens nnt appeases all tho Invisible world of spirits. On the afternoon of Christmas eve tho whole household marches In solemn procession to the stables nnd cow houses carrying bread, salt and beans. These nro offered to the animals with cer tain hallowed words, and great Is tho dismay If any cow or chicken Is Indifferent to the offering. Iteturnlng to tho house, tho pnrents sprlnko nil their unmarried daughters with water sweet ened with honey, thus Insuring them honest, good tempered husbands. The entire fnmtly then sip ot sllvovltzn, n strong native liquor distilled from plums. A sinnll qunntlty pf this Is then poured on the lloor to concllinto such other spirits as may have been overlooked. Everyone then falls on tho Chrlstmns feast without ceremony. But this yenr war has reached out to tho rc moto districts nnd blighted even such simple Christmas celebrations as this. Tho men of the families are all gone. Only tho very young nnd the very old remain. There will bo no blessing of tho kino thlsycar, for there are no kino to bless. -All hnve long since gone to supply the army. There will be no Christmas feasting, for food was long ago reduced to the" smallest quanti ty that will sustain life. And every day, in every village, the list of the widowed and orphaned grows longer nnd longer. Vlennn Is known ns a gay, light-hearted city. Its Christmas obscrvnnco Is ordinarily n happy combination of religious ceremony nnd Teutonic good cheer. But this year tho brilliant midnight masses will bo attended by black-robed mourners and there will bo no good cheer In Vlennn. Tho ChrlRlmno celebration In nil the countries where the Greek orthodox church prevails arc much tho same. As tho holiday itself Is preceded by a severe fast the Chrlstmns feast takes on n highly Important character. In many parts of Itussln, especially In tho cities, tho gift-hung Christmas tree has been borrowed from tho Ger mans, whllo it pudding of rice and rnlslns Is the fenturo of the Christmas ove feast. From this feast has now been taken Its crowning glory, the vodka bottle. In only ono other part of Europe has the heel of war pressed so hard as In Russian Poland ; In only ono other plnce bus the land been so utterly devastated by fierce nnd continued lighting; In only ono other place will tho'senson of pence and good will bo such it bitter mockery ns to tho hunted nnd starving Poles. And this is In Serbia, poor, brave, beaten Ser bia, with its whole population, nn entire people, fugitive before hntod nnd terribly fonrod Invad ers. During three years Serbia has been swept by three wars, tho present one so relentless nnd so overwhelming us literally to wipe out the ordi nary relationship of the people to life. They have ceased to have homes; they havo ceased to pos sess property ; they must burrow In the "earth for shelter and forage for their uncertain food llko wild animals. With her army making a. heroic nnd despernto struggle, with her people dying with their spirit yet unbroken, tho birthday of the Prlnco of Peace will not bo celebrated this year In Serbia. Tho sorrows of Belgium this yenr ns compared with last aro moro of tho spirit than of the flesh. The voice of Christmas, of peaco nnd good will does not spenk er.v loud to a captive peoplo. With Its army terribly decimated. Its beloved king all but driven out of his own country, xlth Its dally life subject to the scrutiny nnd Mie con trol of a stern captor, there Is no room li Belgium for nny of the old light-hoarted Christinas spirit that used to show Itself In crowded churches for midnight masses nnd gay all-night supper parties. Belgium waits ns all Europe waits for the end of tho war -waits wiq faith and hope and n de termination us grim as It must be silent. Hnpplly tho physical condition of the stricken peoplo Is better than last year. There is not tho frightful confusion, tho separation ot fnmllles, tho pitiful terror and want that went with the lllght boforo tho Invaders. All relief measures nro organized. Belgium Is no happier this year than last, but sho Is less cold and hungry. , If tho Bolglun peoplo over again have a united Christmas they will find thcraselvos with many new SJUJW LOT 3rick and Shingle House That Meets Conditions Frequently Existing in All Towns. VTTRACTIVE N EVERY WAY holiday Ideas. A treo twinkled In every place that housed n German last year, and though tho Bel gians will not allow their Chrlstmns to be German ized, yet the trees appealed to them mightily. Cer tainly tho Christmas tree will be much more com mon henceforth In Belgium whether tho Germans stay there or not. Thousands of refugees wnltlng In Englnnd until their country is redeemed will bring back with them many Ideas of tho English holiday. Until the mnrrlage of Queen Victoria to the prince consort, Chrlstmns In England was chiefly a day of churchgolng, of merryiuuking and of mighty feasting. The prince brought with him from his German home the customs of the Chrlstmns tree and of gift giving. Tho lntter lias never becomo ns "firmly intrenched In England ns It Is here, but n lighted tree loaded with decorations and presents Is established ns a part of every English celebra Hon. Chrlstmns decorations of holly and mistletoe, the ceremony of tho Yule log nnd ninny of the tra ditional Chrlstmns dishes, notably the plum pud ding, aro all owed to English custom. But It Is a sadder and wiser England that ap proaches Chrlstmns this yenr. Hundreds of thou sands of young Englishmen hnve died to mnke her so. Today every Londoner has had a graphic lesson In what a powerful and resourceful enemy can do even In n "right little, tight little Island." A3 n further object lesson, England will pay for the rnlslns for her plum puddings something llko 200 per cent more thnn sho did last year. The war with Turkey has done thnt to her.1 Englnnd has had other black Chrlstmases, but they were farther away from home. The Christ mas of 1S00 In South Africa was ono thnt she does not like to recall, while tho terrible Christmas of 1831, tho Christmas of tho Crimean war, when, aa n writer of the day put it, "Thunks to General Muddle, things ure nbout ns bnd as they can bo," was always a bitter memory to that generation. Tho year 1010 has not been n good year for Eng land, nnd she knows It. The knowledge bns shat tered her complnccncy nnd bus strengthened her determination. But sho Is not happy about It and her Christmas celebration will be a chastened feast. Christmas in the Latin countries has always been moro of ft religious festival than n home celebra tion. In Itnly It Is moro customnry to exchange presents nt New Year's thnn nt Chrlstmns. Lighted trees nro frequently seen, but they nro the luxury of the prosperous and not the hnblt of tho people. The day before Chrlstmns Is more of nn occasion than the day Itself. In the cities of southern Itnly booths are erected In certain streets, as before Easter, for tho sale of odds and ends nnd sweetmeats; wheeled trafllc is barred and the people promenade slowly up and down, exchanging greetings. Mldiflght muss is said in all the churches. In the churches, too, nro exposed tliq fnmous cribs, or presepl, representing scenes of tho birth and lnfnncyof Jesus. The be ginning of this Custom Is nscrlbed to St. Francis of Assist. Christmas eve is the great feast of the season in France. In the provinces It is celebrated with pro cessions in tho streets, which were originally re ligious In character, but which havo becoino pro faned by tho gnyety of the maskers. In Normandy and In Provence there aro elaborate puppet bIiows of scenes In the lifo of the Infant Christ. All the street gayoty terminates after'nmss In feasts' In all the homes. In Purls thero nro Christmas booths set up In many of the boulevards. This year thoy will bo devolcd to tho sale of comforts for tho soldiers. Pnrls knows better than nnyone just how black a wartime Christmas can be. She has never for gotten the Chrlstmns of 1870. For ninety-eight days the Germuns hnd battered at the city. Every Sortie had failed miserably. Tho final bombard ment was Inevitable. On Christmas eve 000 men froze to death In tho trenches Just outsldo tho city. Better, It seems, than nuy of tho other nations did France renllzo from the beginning what this present war would mean nnd, realizing, she conse crated herself utterly. Sho has uinde every sac rifice, great and small, even t g(vlng up the crusty rolls and light whlto bread that nro ns tho brenth In her nostrils. When a Frenchman, every French man, eats without complaint n grayish bread mndo of u mixture of whent and rlco uud entirely lack ing in golden crust, he bus Indeed nn exalted spirit. It Is a small thing, perhaps, but It Is enormously slgnlllcnut. Last Christians wns a solemn festival In France. A million gifts, gifts of wool, wero sent to the men In the trenches. Every soldier had a glass of champagne. But there was no merrymaking. Musses were said at open-nlr altars erected back of tho battlo lines. In the old church at Thann In Alsace it French Christinas was celebrated for tho first time n forty-four years. But It wns n cele bration of prayer, not of rejoicing. This yenr, nt least, midnight masses will bo. said In the churches of Paris, but afterward thcro will bo no gnyety hi tho streets as In formeV years, no dancing plcrrots nnd harlequins leading tho mask ers, no brllllnnt round of restaurant suppers, tho beloved rovelllon of the Parisian. So Paris on Christinas ove will go homo through darkened streets wltjt a prnyor In her honrt for all thoso who have tiled for Franco tuMi for nil tho who must yet die. Placlntj tho Bulldinn With Its Wide SIdo to the Street loan Advantage, Both In tho Matter of Looks and Conservation of Space Porch Made Feature. ' By WILLIAM A. RADFORD. Mr. William A. nadford will answer Questions and gtvo advlco FREE OF COST on nil subjects pertatntns to tho subject of building-, for tho readers of this paper. On account of his wldo oxpcrlcnco 08 Editor, Author and Manufacturer, ho Is, without doubt, tho highest Authority on all these subjects. Address alt Inquiries to "William A. Radford, No. 1827 Pratrlo avenue, Chicago, 111., and only cncloso two-cent stamp for reply. Thero Is often found a condition, in laying out the streets of a town or city, which necessitates tho formation of several lots which are not of stand ard depth. Such n condition might ex ist where two streets Intersect at an angle other than 90 degrees. In such a case lots are laid out on two sides of the triangle as nenr to the apex ns they may be carried without cutting down tho depth to a value which will hamper the sale of the lots. If the angle of Intersection of the streets is small, there will bo n rather large piece of land which Is usually not suitable Tor residences. That the size of this strip can be cut down by making tho lots wider near the apes may be real ized by properly designing the houses built on the shnllow lots is n certainty. Tho shallow lots would be preferred property if assurance could be given that the houses would look well in their peculiar positions. There nre a few conditions which may bo observed in order to produce Becnuso most city lots nre deep nnd narrow, it Is unusual to sec u houso designed ns n city homo which hns its longer dimension across the front. Astdo front tho few cases already men tloned In which It is necessary to cut lots of peculiar shape on account of streets Intersecting at shnrp angles, tho only plnco where n houso with wide front is likely to be used Is on n corner lot which offers frontage on two streets. Een If plenty of room Is available, the usual custom Is to build n houso with Its narrow side to tho front, even though such n practice robs tho owner of space which might bo used us n largo front or back lawn and presents the nnrrow side of the houso ns tho only part that is ever noticed by passers-by. Tho design shown hero presents an unusually nttractlve appearance from the street. Since Uio gnblc roof is placed with its rldgo parallel to tho street, tho tllc-covered surface, broken by the dormer with its six squnro win dows, is a prominent fenturo. The up per floor Is finished with shingles, tcu r iwlaMWlAfp,S3y l"'L 'Miy "" UBtcbn EiiH3?tol twloon ii-9110-j liSufiiE- una J "'" ! Ef V1" ' tj ISidtoon 1 ' 'T" fciotoon I Second-Floor Plan. while the first floor walls nro of brick, trimmed with white stone or stock ter rn cottn. Detnlls are carefully worked out to produce a nicely balanced ap pearance. A special feature of tho front porch construction is tho manner in which tho brick columns are carried up through tho roof and enpped with a white stone or terra cotta slab. Or nnmental'vases may be placed on these columns nnd flowers plnntcd in the.' in tho summer time. Tho canopy over the windows on either side of the chim ney is covered with tile similar to that used on the roof. The front door opens into n recep tion, hall from which cased openings lend to the living room, dining room the best possible effect in the appear ance of the houses built on the narrow lots. Of course, it will be necessary to design these houses with the larger dimension across the front. This often helps the room arrangement rather than causing difficulty in grouping of rooms. As far ns the exterior appear ance is concerned, there is an ad vantage in the wider side of the houses being placed near the street, in that many pleasing effects nre possible in the window nnd porch design, and the wall finish Is more effective than In the case of n smaller wall surface. An ntlier ndvantngo of this typo of house Is found in tho possibility of nrtlstlc ind distinctive roof treatment. The building lino should, of course, do inalntntned in accordance with thnt which is established by the majority of S foiu wl,,tB iiHl - kj'gl "ftB M M ImMtanri usa sgjq u J J Emms toon (3 notlOi LJw f tumfcun Tj and back through u hall to the toilet The hall has space provided for coats. The living room oocuples the enti" end of the house on one side of th reception hall. The fireplace Is buiil into tho center of the wnll opposite the hall. This room has two casement windows at each end and two windows on tho side. The dining room is on tho other side of tho hall. A buffet la built under the window In the front wnll of the house. Arrangements for serving meals are especially well han dled, since tho dining room may be en tered from both the kitchen and the pnntry. The latter room is a model of convenience. A wldo shelf is built un der the window with a case on either side. Tho refrigerator, which Is iced from the rear porch, is handy to" this shelf. Four bedrooms, n sewing room nnd a bath open from the hall on the sec ond floor. Flrst-Floor Plan. houses In the b'locl;. If the division of tho property into lots Is carried to tho itpex of tho trlanglo with a lot on each street as the final division, each of the houses on these lots should be"deslgned In the manner of a house which Is to face on two streets. This division of lots is often preferred to the dlvlslou which places a single lot nt the apex, mi account of tho fact that tho last bouse, la the latter case, Is exposed on threo st.les to public view, and inci dentally the owner of this lot hns the Improvement of two streets and two street stdewalks to contend with In case these developments are brought Into effect. Tho remalulng small trlanglo which cannot bo used for residence purposes Is nn excellent spot for tho city or awn to tnke up nnd Improve with shrubbery', flower gnrdens and ornamental con crete or stono work. The brightening effect which theso little beauty spots havo In towns and cities Is nttested to by any number of examples of tills treatment throughout the country. Improvement in Illumination. Nearly every year has brought out a better, nnd at tho same time a cheap er form of light. Nobody knows when experiments in electricnl illumination will bo terminated, or when some un known form of light may be brought into use. The Museum Ethnological exhibit at Washington goes as far as the simple carbon filament light, but In the division of mechanical technology in the older building thero nre many Interesting examples of early electric lamps and lighting apparatus together with later Improvements showing the many phases of develop, ment in-the art of illumination. No Peace for Him. Willie was out walking with hla mother, when she thought sho saw a boy on the other side of the street mak ing faces at her darling. "Willie," asked mother, "is Umt hor rid boy making fuces at you?" "Ho is," replied Willie, giving his coat a tug. "Now, mother, don't start any peaco talk you just hold my coat for about five minutes." A Stipulation. "There's only ono thing I ask," said tho loser of it freak election bet." "What's that," inquired the winner, "If you're going to stand by and see that I eat all this molasses with a toothpick, I want you to admit thnt you won the bet nnd are inslsUng on its payment. Don't you pretend that you are my keeper." - 1 I 1 f V S ,J