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DAKOTA COUNTV HERALD; DAKOTA CITY, NEBRASKA.
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JIL.orze.s o honey makers
necessary to fruit raising
because they are the chief
fertilizing agent : : And
there can be nothing more
tempting than hot biscuit
and honey for breakfast
on a crisp winter morning
By ROBERT H. MOULTON.
ARMEIIS in this country are Just
coming to realize the debt which
thoy owe to tho honey bee. It
has long been understood, of
course, that this busy little In
sect fertilizes the blossoms of ap
ple nnd other fruit trees and so
helps to Increase the crop, yet
tho bee has seldom been credited
with doing so much good as Is
actually tho case. Indeed, in
times past somo fruit growers
have sought to got rid of tho
bees on tho ground that they damage the ripe
fruit. The crop so quickly-decreased in size, how
over, that tho fruit men were glad enough to
have the bees back again. There is a well-es-tnbllshcd
belief that bees puncture grapes in or
der to extract tho sweet juice, but the fallacy of
tills belief has been proved beyond a doubt. IUpo
fruit has been placed inside a beehive, with thou
sands of tho insects present, but it has not been
molested. It is true that if hornets or birds make
holes In grapes, pears or other ripe fruit, the bees
(will feed on the juice which is exuded. In point
of fact, the Jaws of tho honey bee are so made
that It wpuld bo unable to bite into or otherwise
make holes In fruit, even if it had n will to do so.
Orchards In which bees are present in largo
numbers are almost always much more productive
than those in which only a few bees aro to be
found and many apple growers are now es
tablishing apiaries In or nenr their orchards. It Is
not necessary to have the hives actually under the
trees and It may bo better to have them In an ad
joining field If the orchard Is to bo cultivated, as
otherwise the hives might be In the way and the
horses stung. Bees seem to have an Instinctive
dislike for horses nnd will .even attack tho bee
keeper sometimes If he starts to work In the bee
yard when the odor of horses Is upon his clothing.
Beekeeping Is not to be recommended to hostlers.
To the orchardist the honey and wax which ho
gets from his bees aro merely by-products. An
extra yield In" fruit Is what ho Is after. And ho
gets it, as may bo judged from nn instance cjtcd
by one of the state experiment stations. It seems
that two orchards situated, in tho same part of
the country wore cultivated In exactly tho same
manner nnd had tho same kinds of trees. Yet ono
was prolific and tho other a failure. When the
experiment station was appealed to, tho trouble
was diagnosed as a lack of bees to pollinate the
flowers. "You aro wrong," tho answer was flashed
back, "for theco are no bees In either orchard."
The Inspector was not convinced, however, and
.after a search he found a very strong colony of
bees in a fallen log In one corner of the bearing
orchard. Bees were immediately installed in tho
other orchard by the owner, nnd as a result he
netted nearly 4,000 tho next season pretty good
interest on an investment of $15 or $20 in bees.
Most people do not know that nn apple blossom
requires to bo fertilized several times in order
to produce tho best fruit, but this is a fact. More
over, tho blossoms of bcme trees must bo pollinized
from another source If fruit Is to be set. Tho
work Is done largely by honey bees, although wild
bees and other insects help out to somo extent
Once, as a test case, 2.5S0 apple blossoms were
covered In order to keep tho bees away, and only
three npples matured. Of course, the bee does not
pollinlzo tho blossoms purposely. She is in search
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CATUH&5 QUN,SAV3 WARM
jXE&ir?5 ATA STATS APfARY OmOtJTJtATJOfl
of nectar from which to make honey, but all un
consciously she brushes the pollen from ono flower
and carries It along to another, thus carrying on
her part of nnture's plan. The value derived from
tho cross fertilization -of blossoms In this wny Is
probnbly much grenter than that of all tho honey
and wax made by the sum total of all the bees in
the country.
It is practically impossible to grow cucumbers
In the greenhouso unless bees nre depended upon
to fertilize tho blossoms, and so the mnrket gar
deners are obliged to yield tribute to this usoful
insect. Even In tho dead of winter, with snow
drifts six feet high outside, thousands of bees aro
to be found flying around In the grcnt glass houses
'where cucumbers aro produced for the exclusive
winter trade. It Is true that the bees get but lit
tle nectar from the blossoms nnd'hnvo to bo fed
on sugar sirup, but they accomplish the purpose
of transferring pollen from ono flower to another.
Of courso this work might bo done artificially.
That Is, a man might go from ono blossom to an
other with a small brush and transfer tho pollen,
but the process would bo tedious and too expeu-
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Our Opportunity In Latin America -:-
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By JOHN BARRETT, in the Review of Reviews.
These are tho times when everybody should
be studying the twenty American republics lying
south of the United States. Theso aro tho days
of unprecedented nnd legitimate opportunity in
Latin America for tho commercial and financial
interests of this country. This present year
should bo the beginning of a new epoch In tho
material, social and political relations of North
nnd South America.
The next ten years arc going to bo "all Ameri
can" years. All America Is to attract tho atten
tion of all Americans. This new development is
Inevitable. The cause Is found In tho natural
wenlth, resources and potentialities of Central
nnd South America, their actual commerce nnd ,
trade, their remarkable progress during recent
years, together with the unceasing propaganda
of tho Pan-American union, which was nt first
oven ridiculed and little appreciated, but Is now
generally valued and recognized. Tho occasion
of this new Interest at this moment Is tho Euro
pean war nnd tho emphasis it has placed upon
tho geographical segregation nnd commercial soli
darity of tho nations of tho western hemisphere.
Consider Latin America In any phase ono pre
fers, nnd It is worthy of keen Interest. Let us
fcrst look at It geographically and physically. Wo
Zco twenty countries ranging In nrea from little
Salvador, with less than 8,000 square miles, or
fcmnllcr than Vermont, up to mighty Brazil, with
8,200,000 square miles, or greater than tho United
States proper with Great Britain thrown In I In
nil, they spread over nearly. 0,000,000 square miles,
or threo times the connected area of tho United
States l They contain mountains higher, rivers
longer and more navigable, valleys wider and
more fertile, and climates more varied than thoso
of tho United States.
Noting the population, wo find that Costa Rica
starts tho small end of tho list with 400,000 in
habitants, nnd Brazil tops It with 20,000,000. AH'
Latin America supports today approximately n
population of 75,000,000, which is increasing by
reproduction faster than Is tho population of tho
United States. When tho now emigration from
Europe starts In after tho war, and when tho
Panama canal is In full uso by tho shipping of n
peaceful Europe, this total may soon overtake nnd
pass that of tho big sister nation of North Amer
ica. '
We aro almost astonished by tho figures of
Latin-American commerce. Thoy make us respect
many of tho southern republics and peoples, even
If socio other Influences may not bo so favorable.
Last year the twenty southern neighbors of tho
United States, through sheer strength nnd capac
ity, pushed up tho total of their foreign trndo to
the hugo Bum of nearly $3,000,000,000. This wns
divided almost equally between exports nnd Im
ports, with tho actual balance of trade In their
favor. Argentina, for example, with an ntnbltlous,
vigorous and prosperous peoplo numbering about
nlno millions of souls, conducted n foreign com
merco valued at tho surprising total of $900,000,
000, which makes nn average of about $100 per
head. Cnlle, a land of achievement and promise,
fOVAJTATrwPscraz orAWAisjsxwjtmeftt
slvo to bo feasible. It has to be done In green
houses whom strawberries nre grown, for when
bees aro used the fruit Is always misshapen, but
the winter strawberries sell for a dollar or two a
pint I
Perhaps It may be said without getting anybody
Into troublo that tho free uso of wntor by spray
ing makes possible somo of tho remarkablo ex
hibitions which bees occasionally give. Water Is
not always used, by any means, bnt when It Is tho
bees nre rendered surprisingly trnctnblo and doc
ile. There aro no beo tinners, however, who
are not stung nt times. Indeed, they mny be
stung very often, but they are Inured to tho expe
rience and do not even wince. Aud, of course, an
experienced beekeeper lenrns how to handlo bees
without making them angry. Furthermore, some
bees aro much gentler than others. Many times
It Is a good plan to kill the queen In a cross col
ony nnd replace her with a young queen from a
quiet colony. Yet the cross bees aro likely to bo
nmong the host honey producers In the apiary.
Many farmers fall to succeed with bees simply
becnuso they neglect to learn anything about their
management. It Is true that bees do not rcqulro
n great amount of attention and do best when
left alone most of tho time. Yet there nre cer
tain things which linvo to bo done Just nt tho right
time and In just tho right way. These are tho few
things that tho farmer should know about. In
early spring, for example, tho bees may easily
starve to 'death for lack of stores, although thoy
may have come through tho winter safely. In that
event they must be fed on sugar sirup If no honey
Is available. Equal amounts of sugar and water
may be used and It is best to have tho water
warmed, but tho sugar should never bo melted on
tho stove, as it is likely to bo burned. Tho sirup
mny bo given In onp of several different kinds of
feeders, but few nro hotter than n shallow panv
from tho ten-cent store with " n llttlo excel
sior in it for the bees to walk on. If this pan
Ailed with sirup Is placed on top of tho frames
of tho hives the bees will
quickly tnko tho liquid down
and bo tided over tho period
of famine.
It Is a mistake for any
farmer to try to keep bees
In tho old-fashioned box hives,
for they cannot bo mnnnged
so well nnd getting tho honey
out Is likely to bo n painful
as well as exciting process.
Llkowise, thousands of bees
aro needlessly sacrificed, nnd
tho hives arc almost suro to
bo neglected. Modern hives
cost but little, yet mny bo
tnken entirely to pieces nnd
tho bees looked over without
tho loss of a single ono. Aud
taking honey out Is no trouble nt all, .when n boa
escnpo is used, for tho bees do not oven know
what Is going on.
Tho best way to begin beekeeping Is to buy a
colony or two from somo up-to-dnto apiarist In tho
neighborhood, but n hlvo full of bees enn bo
shipped by express or tho Insects mny bo bought
by tho pound If ono already has an empty hive.
Indeed, this Is u practice which Is becoming very
common, for oven experienced beekeepers often
invest In one, two or three-pound packages of
bees in order to build tip weak colonics. It Is not
nn unusual thing' for bees to bo shipped all tho
way from Texns to Cannda.
Sometimes wild bees may bo captured in tho
woods nnd brought home. Although called wild
bees, these honey makers which aro found In logs
and hollow trees have escaped from cnptlvlty nt
somo time, for there wero no honey bees In tills
country until they wero brought hero by tho Pil
grim Fathers.
If tho farmer owns moro than half a dozen colo
nies of bees It will pny him to get nn extractor.
This Is a slmplo dcvlco for separating tho honey
from the combs, tlfo latter being placed In a
frame which revolves at a high rato'of speed,
tho liquid honey being thrown out of tho wax cells
by centrifugal force, just as cream Is separated
from milk. Then tho combs may bo put back In
tho hives for tho bees to fill ngnln. Tho farmer
can usually get more honey this wny and will
have less swarming.
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lyfng on the Pnciflc coast of South America (llko
tho states of Callfornin, Oregon nnd Wnshington,
on tho Pacific slopo of tho United States), cover
ing an area of nearly 300,000 square miles, or moro
than that of Texas, nnd directly tributary to, the
Pannma canal, bought and sold In foreign con
merco products valued at nearly $202,000,000.
Advantages of the Telephone.
Kvan B. Stotscnburg, nttorncy general, tells n
story concerning the early days of the telephone
in Now Albany.
A character of tho town, who operated an ofllco
In rooms Just above tho livery stable, was Im
pressed with tho benefits of tho telephono and
had ono placed In his office.
Mennwhllo tho new-fangled Instrument also
went Into tho livery stable. Then tho town char
acter sat down nnd waited for somcono to tnko
advantnge of tho now Instrument. No ono did.
Ono day the telephono bell In tho livery stable,
however, rang with nil Its might.
"nello," yelled tho livery stablo proprietor.
"Hello, yourself," answered tho volco of tho
town chnractor, upstairs.
"Just pass mo tho broom up through tho front
windows, will you?" said tho voice. Indlnnnpolla
News.
Two-Color' Blouse of Crepe.
One of those new blouses In which
georgotto cropo In two colors Is com
bined has several points of Interest
for tho seeker after now things In
waists. Tho two-color Idea was buc
cossfully Introduced In tho spring aud
has the Indorsement of women of fash
ion. It gives designers n chnnco to ex
orcise u great amount of cleverness in
embodying both colors In the body of
tho garment, and In carrying out tho
,eolor scheme In embroideries, buttons
ami ornaments.
Tho blouse shown Is of white nnd
navy blue georgctto crepe. A band
of tho navy blue crepo Is set In about
tho arm'seyo aud It Is used to mako
the wldo cuffs and tho collar.
Small pendant sllk-coverod buttons
nro placed down each sldo of tho front,
and they aro sewed to a plait near the
arm'seye. They aro in navy blue silk,
suspended by small white silk cord.
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Pretty Party Frocks for Girls.
Seventy per cent of tho world's cork supply U
said to bo produced in Spain and Portugal,
Thero aro many pretty frocks on dls
pluy for members of tho prlmnry clnss
In tho school of social wisdom, nnd
they nro calculated to develop hor
taste. By tho time she nrrlves nt the
"flapper" stage, with a irilnd of her
own as to clothes, sho will know some
thing about party frocks, anyway.
Thero aro mnny dresses for the little
in Us, made of plain and changenblo
taffeta In light colors. And there nro
others of crepo of chiffon much bcruf
fled. Somo of them nro short-walstcd,
somo of them nro long-wnlsted, and
others havo no waist at all. All of
I hem barely raich to tho knees and
their sleeves aro as brief as their
skirts. NeckB nro round or squure,
nnd n llttlo sleeveless body In sovcrnl
good designs Is worn over a dainty
underbody with alcoves, made of tullo
or lace, In narrow ruffles, sot close to
gether on n net foundation.
A now Iden Is successfully carried
out when taffeta Is tho material used.
Short-walsted dresses, or slips without
n vnistllne, nro trimmed with soveral
rows of nnrrow ruffles of tho bilk
about tho bottom of tho skirt and on
tho sleoves. Theso ruffles nro sewed
to the frock along their lower edge
that Is, they aro upsldo down.
Other styles may come and go, but
tlw pretty lingerie' frock for the. llttlo
Tho wnlst sets nicely and Is blouscd
over tho top of tho skirt a very little.
Hemstitching serves to Join tho two
colors lu crepe, together.
Tho hlouso possesses two stylo fea
tures that aro now nnd especially In
teresting. Tho neck Is round and 11m
ished with a nnrrow band of whlto
crepe. Tho collnr, of blue crepe, Is
cut circular nnd In two pieces, making;
a narrow crescent-shaped capo at tha
back and front. It fastens on tho lefo
shoulder and Is edged with very flno
point Venice lace.
Tho deep cuffs of bluo aro smart
aud very practical, as thoy do not;
soil as easily as white. Fragllo and
dainty ns crepo looks, it Is In reality;
a durablo material If given tho earo
it deserves. Tho light colors wash
well and mny be retlntcd when theyj
begin to fude.
miss refuses to go at all. Ilero Is ono
of tho latest creations for n llttlo girl.
It Is made of French bntlsto nnd la
trimmed with narrow Valenciennes laco
and a llttlo frill embroidery. Tho long
wnlst has n, front panel of live tucks,
and when It Is set Into the side body u
frill edged with laco Is set on. Slm
llar frills llnlsh tho neck and sleeves. "
The short skirt Is laid In fine plaits
and trimmed at tho bottom with In
sertion and edging of vnlenclennus
lace. , s
Tho girdle Is made of wldo soft
sutlu ribbon laid In plaits. At each
sldo thero aro double rosettes with
hanging ends of baby rlbriun In tho
snmo tint ns tho girdle. Llttlo bow.i
aro tied In tho ends of the pendent rib
bons. Tho girdle slips through n strap
of bntlsto at tho hack and fnstons un
der one nt tho front. It is tacked to
the dress nt each side, under tho
rosettes.
Pretty Lingerie.
Dainty lingerie Is nmilo of soft, whlta
pongee, trimmed with bands of finest
hluu llnun, u ml lucud with blue linen
Jiicers,
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