DAKOTA COUNTY HERALD; DAKOTA CITY, NEBRASKA.
AFFAIRS IH MEXICO
STATE DEPARTMENT TOLD OF
ECONOMIC CRISIS SITUA
TION IS GRAVE.
FOOD SHORTAGE IN CAPITAL
De Facto Government Pictured as Fac
lng Serloun Situation Monetary
Problem Becomes More Acute Rail
way Men on Strike.
Wctttm NewP Union Ntw Smlc.
Washington, D. C The economic
situation In Moxlco Is extremely
grave, according to official advices
sent to the state department. With
tho monotnry problem already acute,
the food shortage In Mexico City vir
tually continuing without prospect of
any Immedlato relief and with tne
labor strike extending over virtually
all tho Mexican railway lines, the do
facto government Is pictured as facing
a serious domestic plight.
Consul Letchor from Chihuahua
City Is here, and brought with him a
synopsis of tho reports of five other
consuls recently ordered to tho border
to talk over conditions with military
officials there.
It was officially stated that while
Mr. Letchor makes his report on con
dltlona In Mexico, that was not the
Bole purpose of his trip. It was ex
plained ho was ordered here that rou
tine mattors might be takon up with
him.
Tho department has received fur
ther advices from Special Agent Rod
gers at Mexico City telling of the
new noto that wns in process of prep
aration by tho do facto government,
but the message throw no light on its
purport.
While reports as to tho domestio
situation of tho Carranza government
are gloomy, tho attitude of tho Mexi
can officials toward tho United States
has been described as more friendly
since tho border conferences between
Gens. Scott and Obrogon. It is be
lieved possible this will bo reflected
In the now noto, although somo offi
cials think a now request for with
drawal of tho American expeditionary
forces will bo recommended with
whatever other proposals Gen. Carran
zu has to mako.
NEW PROTEST FOR BRITAIN.
Untied States Again Objects to Inter
ference with Mails.
Washington. Prraldnt Wilson Mon
day completed a noto vigorously re
newing tho protest of tho United StntOB
to Great Drltnln against Interference
with American malls.
Secretary Lansing and legal exports
at tho state department made the orig
inal draft of tho noto and the presi
dent revised Its phraseology. It Is
mado up largely of legal nrgumonts
to meet tho contentions of Great Brit
ain, In tho memorandum, concurrod in
by France, presented to tho stato de
partment several weeks ago. The
United StatCB takes tho position that
practices complained of In Its first
complaint on tho subject have been
continued, and tho American govern
ment must now Insist more emphat
ically that thoy cease.
Stato department officials consider
that tho chlof woaknoss In tho posi
tion of Great Britain Is her policy of
taking neutral mall vessols Into Brit
ish Jurisdiction and submitting them
to local censorship regulations.
Bill Carries $23,900,000.
Washington, D. C That agricul
tural appropriation bill was reported
by- tho senate commlttoo Monday, car
rying $23,900,000, a reduction of near
ly $750,000 from tho total ns passed
by tho houso. Tho committee cut In
half tho $2,500,000 provldod by the
house for foot and mouth disease erad
ication and eliminated entirely $200,
000 allowed for freo distribution of
' seeds. ItomB for general expenses of
tho animal Industry nnd soils bureau
woro Increasd $388,000. If tho bill
passes as reported thero will he a
fight In conforonco, as tho house al
ways Insists upon Its freo seeds.
To 8ave Daylight.
Kansas City. Tho cloclw of Kan
sas City will bo sot forward nn hoir,
to conform with the daylight saying
plan, from tho first Sunday In Juno
to tho first Sunday In Octobor, if nn
ordlnnnce that was passed In tho low
er, house of tho city council is favor
ably acted upon by tho upper houso.
Friends of tho measure say Us pas
sago thero is assured.
Concern Over Illness of Hill.
St. Paul. Tho Illness of James J.
Hill, railroad builder and capitalist, Is
causing moro than passing concern to
his friends and business associates.
'Mr. Hill has not beep at his office in
thg railroad building since Wednesday
of last week, romalnlng In rotlremont
at his Summit avenue residence.
Johnson Tops for Bishop.
.Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Dr. E. S.
Johnson, superintendent of Sioux City
district of tho Methodist Episcopal
church, Monday led tho field of whlto
candidates for election as missionary
blBhop of Africa at tho gonoral con
rofonco of tho church In Besslon here.
Army Bill Up to Wilson.
Washington, I). c Prostdont Wil
soji .Monday began consideration of
the army reorganization bill passod
bycongreiw last week. Ho oxpectB
to sign It.
.5.
MUNITIONS PLANT AT ROCK
ISLAND AUTHORIZED BY THE
HOUSE COMMITTEE.
MILL WILL COST $1,250,000
5750,200 Appropriated for Immediate
Improvement at the Arsenal Large
Sums for Fortifications and Public
Building Work.
Washington, May 22. Rock Island
arsenal Is to bo mado ono of tho
great munitions factories of tho coun
try under appropriations mado by tho
houso committee on appropriations,
tho plan to be perfected by tho war
department.
A field artillery ammunition plant
costing $1,250,000 Is to bo erected at
this arsenal, an Initial npproprlath
of $500,000 being mado for tho pur
pose. Increased facilities aro to bo mado
for tho manufacture of field artillery
vehicles at a cost of $90,000.
In all, $755,200 Is appropriated for
Immedlato improvements nt tho ar
senal. In addition, tho secretary of war
Is authorized to locate and havo con
structed a new povdor plant at a
:cst of $500,000. This now plant may
go to Rock Island arsenal becauso
Df tho existing facilities thero nnd
tho deslro of army authorities to havo
a middle West factory located In tho
Interior of tho country, and beyond
reach of a posslblo enemy.
Thoso appropriations wero carried
In tho great sundry civil appropriation
bill reported from committee, carry
ing a total of $127,237,221 and provid
ing for thousands of miscellaneous
Items not covered In other appropria
tion bills.
It carrlos Increased appropriations
for all tho government arsenals and
for tho Panama canal, Hawaii and
Phlllpplno fortifications.
Among tho appropriations for im
provements to old and continued
work on public buildings carried In
tho bill aro:
Illinois Cairo, $2,500; Cnrllnvlllo,
$2,000; Carrollton, $2,000; Chicago,
mall conveying machinery, $10,000;
East St. Louis, $50,000; Galesburg,
$2,500; Mount Carmol, $G,000; Olney,
$500; Peoria, $1,000; Qulncy, $1,000;
Savanna, $19,000; Taylorvlllo, $25,000;
WoodBtock, $10,000.
Iowa Boono, $1,500; Carroll, $500;
Cedar Falls, $500; Chariton, $500;
Charles City, $30,000; Cherokee, $1,
000; Davenport, $1,500; Dea Moines,
$500; Grlnnoll, $30,000; Keokuk, $1,
500, Marquokota, $24,000; Washington,
$30,000.
Wisconsin Antlgo, $30,000; Beaver
Dam, $500; Fort Atkinson. $5,000;
Morrill, $2G,000; Milwaukee, $15,000;
Ncenah, $33,000; Rhlnolandor, $1,000;
Tomah, $3,500.
Michigan Albion, $10,000; Bay
City, $2,000; Calumet, $8,000; Char
lotto, $25,000; Dowaglac, $22,000;
Flint, $3,000; Hastings, $500; Hough
ton, $500; Jackson. $3,000; Mnrquotto,
$1,500; Muskogon. $20,000; Saginaw,
$2,500; Ypsllantl, $20,000.
DETROIT HEARS ROOSEVELT
Makes Three Addresses and Shakes
Hands With Thousands Falls
to Meet Henry Ford.
Detroit, Mich., May 22. Theodora
RooBOvelt urged thorough military
proparednoss for tho United Statos
and plcadod for true Americanism In
Ihreo addresses hero on Friday, dis
cussed "social Justice" boforo tho con
vention of tho Brothorhood of Rail
way Trainmen and shook hands with
several thousand persons at a public
reception In a downtown hotel short
ly boforo dopartlng for Now York.
Speaking at a luncheon at tho De
troit Athlotlo club, Mr. Roosovolt de
clared that truo Americanism "moans
unity of the nation without regard to
tho lands from which our fathorB
camo; without regard to religious de
ferences, and without regard to tho
different pdcHoiis of tho country in
which wo live."
Tho sot speech for tho day was de
livered at tho opora houso. Thoro,
as at Chicago, tho demand for uni
versal aervlco provoked a patriotic
demonstration, which ns the colonol
romarkod, "gives mo added proof that
tho mlddlo Wost Is sound."
Mr. Roosovolt did not mtot Henry
Ford, tho local automobile manufac
turer, although oarly In tho day It
was said tho colonol planned to visit
Mr. Ford nt tho lattor's factory.
All Dlo on French Ship.
Marseilles, Franco, May 22. None
of tho passengers or crow of tho
French coasting steamer Mini woro
saved whon tho vosboI was sunk as
a result of n torpedo atack in tho
Mediterranean May IC. Tho Mlrn was
a vessel of 3,050 tons and was owned
In Marseilles.
Say Cymrlc's Boilers Exploded.
Berlin, May 22. Amsterdam dis
patches stnto that mombers of the
:row of tho Cymric on thulr arrival at
Liverpool reported tho Whlto Star
liner had been sunk by an explosion
of Its boilers.
Prlsonors Fight Fire.
Salom, Ore.. May 22. Prlsonors in
tho Oregon stato panltontiary Bnvod
tho structure from being totally do
st royod by flro on Friday aftornoo:..
Nono of them attempted to escape
Tho loss was not heavy.
EW
SHELL MIL
BATTLE LINES AROUND SAL0NIKI
FVoBjicsKOPLiEr j 'X -
Krufycybj DrtpOUoK KavadhfQtesZ '.. ) ' $fbea&6 Q&,
1. Paris reports French forces at Salonlkl havo pushed In the direc
tion of Monastlr towardB PoroJ. 2. Allied Infantry hn& Bholled enemy
encampments and organizations. 3. Army of East advaoco forco occu
pies Dovetopo, northeast of Lako Dolran.
AGREES TO U. S. TERMS
CARRANZA TO PERMIT U. S. ARMY
TO REMAIN.
Cabinet Given Scott's Report on Un
written Anrcement at El Paso,
Approved by First Chief.
Washington, May 18. An optimistic
view of tho Mexican border situation
was laid before President Wilson and
his cabinet on Tuesday by Secretary
Bakor, after a long conferenco with
Major General Scott, chlof of staff.
General Carranza and his advisers
now understand tho motives of tho
Washington government more fully
than over before as a result of tho
conference at El Paso between Gen
erals Scott and Funston and Obro
gon, Mr. Baker was ablo to toll tho
cabinet, and tension along tho Inter
national lino has greatly relaxed.
General Scott believes that the
wholo situation Is loss acute than it
has boon at any time slnco tho raid
on Columbus, N. M.
HOUSE VOTES FLOOD CONTROL
Measure Authorizes the Expenditure
of $45,000,000 on the Mississippi
and Sacramento Rivers.
Washington, May 19. Tho flood
control bill, providing appropriations
for tho Mississippi and Sacramento
rivers, was passed by tho houso on
Wednesday by a voto of 180 to 53.
Tho bill now goes to tho senate. It
would authorlzo tho oxpcndlturo of
not exceeding $45,000,000 for Hood con
trol nnd gonoral Improvement of tho
Mississippi river undor tho Mississippi
river commission, and $5,600,000 for
flood control, removal of dobrls and
gonoral Improvement of tho Sacra-J
mento river, including contlnuanco of
tho California dobrls commission
plans.
SENATE ADOPTS ARMY BILL
Conference Report on Reorganization
Measure Passes Without
Roll Call.
Washington, May 19. After a live
ly discussion of tho Mexican situation,
tho National Guard and tho proposed
government nltrato plant, tho sonato
on Wodnesdny adopted tho conference
report on tho army reorganization bill
without a roll call.
Tho bill provides for a regular army
of 211,000 offlcors and men at peaco
strength, and approximately 2GO.O0O at
war strength, nnd for n federalized
National Guard of 457,000 offlcors and
mon at maximum strength.
Republicans gonorally and n fow
Democrnts expressed tholr hostility at
tho retention of tho provision for tho
nltrato plant.
IMPORTANT NEWS
ITEMS
itv
London, May 20. British warships
and aeroplanes havo bombarded tho
town of El ArlBh, In Egypt, near tho
border of Palestlno, it was announced
officially.
Sioux City, la., May 20. Miss Jon
nlo Jones, holder of tho woman's golf
championship of Iowa, was Instantly
killed whon tho automobile in which
tho was riding collided with a pollco
patrol wagon.
Irish Poet Is Arrested.
London, May 22, Darroll Figgis, woll
known Irian poet, hns boon ttTrostod
In Ireland In connection with tlio po
litical disturbances. Figgis was takon
In custody Thursday and Is now con
fined in a military barracks.
U. S. Flyer Drops German.
Paris, May 22. Corporal Klffon
Rockwell of Atlanta, Ga., n member
of tho American Hying squadron, at
tacked a Gorman aoroplano. Tho Gor
man machlno was brought down In
Franco.
SIX RAIDERS ARE SLAIN
TROOPS UNDER LANGHORNE
CLASH WITH BANDITS.
Deemer and Payne, Americans Cap
tured by Outlaws, Are Rescued
by the Soldiers.
Marathon, Tex., May 19. The .Mexi
can bandits who raided Glen Springs
several weeks ago and killed half of
tho gallant llttlo band of American
troops that garrisoned tho town wero
captured near Laguna del Fresno,
105 miles south of tho border, by the
troops undor Major Langhorno and
Colonel Sibley. This word was brought
hero by soldiers returning on truck
trains.
Six of tho Mexicans wero shot as
they tried to escape. Tho others, num
bering about 75, laid down tholr arms
and surrendered without a movo, ac
cording to best roports on tho affair.
Theso aro tho same Mexicans who
captured Jesso Deemer and Monroo
Payne, Americans, during tho Glen
Springs and Boquillas raids. Deemer
and Payno wore rescued by Major
Langhorno before tho clash with tho
bandits occurred.
Y. M. C. A. HOTEL DEDICATED
Elaborate Series of Exercises at
Opening of New Hostelry at
Chicago.
the
Chicago, May 20. With an elaborate
series of exercises extending over a
period of threo days, and in which
many men prominent in religious and
philanthropic work participated, tho
now Y. M. C. A. hotel of this city has
been dedicated.
Tho building Is probably tho largest
of its kind in tho world. It occupies a
ground spaco of 96 to 166 feet, is 19
stories high and contains over 1,800
slooplng roomB in addition to tho of
fices, writing nnd recreatlod room3,
dining rooms, tollot and bath rooms.
Tho construction of tho building wns
mado possiblo by donations from a
number of leading business men, of
tho city, and its cost has been abovo
$1,350,000. Tho intontlon is not to con
duct it as a charity, but to mako it
self-supporting by nominal charges to
its patrons. It is expected that it will
offor nn nttructivo homo to hundreds
of young men from tho country visit
ing tho city for a fow days, or those
seeking to gain a foothold in its indus
trial or business llfo.
BERLIN GIVES SEA WARNING
Merchant Vessels That Fall to Halt
or Turn Toward Submarine Will
Be Attacked.
Washington, May 18. Germnny In
a noto pro3ented to Secretary Lansing
warns neutral governments that mer
chant ships flying neutral flags must
oboy tho provisions of international
law in regard to their conduct when
stopped by a German submarine, and
that they insur In tho direction of a
that thoy incur danger should thoy
turn their ship In tho direction of a
submarine.
Birdsall Dies Suddenly.
Clarion, In., May 18. B. P. iJirdsall,
former congressman from tln.i district
and successor to Col. D. B. Henderson,
died suddenly after a brief illness nt
his home hero. Mr. Birdsall, who wng
well known throughout the state,
served in congress from 1902 to 1U0S.
To Modify Taxes.
Washington, Mny 19. Consul Rod
gors at Moxlco City reported that Car
ranza had announced his Intontlon of
modifying tho "confiscatory" taxes
lovlud against all mining property in
that country.
Mrs. Franklin MacVcagh Is Dead.
Chicago, May 19. Mrs. Franklin
MacVcagh. wlfo of tho formor secre
tary of tho treasury and for many
yoars n. leader in tho oxcluslvo clrclos
of Chicago society, died in Washing
ton on Wednesday.
TOLD 10 OBEY LIS
KAISER ORDERS GERMANS IN U,
S. TO AVOID VIOLATING NA
TION'S NEUTRALITY.
iVOULD PREVENT WAR PLOTS
Action Ic Taken by Von Bernstorff on
Direction From the Berlin Foreign
Offico "in Consequence of Cases
Which Have Occurred of Late."
Washington, May 20. Germany,
through Ambassador von Bernstorff,
has Instructed all German consuls In
tho United States to admonish Ger
man citizens in their districts to oh
sorvo American laws scrupulously.
This is dono in an effort to end va
rious alleged violations of American
neutrality.
Tho ambassador ncted on instruc
tions recolvod on Thursday from tho
Berlin foreign office. Tho action was
announced in this official statement
from tho German embassy:
"In consequence of cases which
havo occurred of late, tho German am
bassador has sent Instructions to nil
German consuls in tho United States
to strongly impress upon Gorman citi
zens living In their districts that It Is
their duty scrupulously to obey the
laws of tho stato in which they re
side" It was said at tho German embassy
that tho instructions wero designed to
prevent plots or lawlessness on tho
part of German citizens who might bo
disposed to ongago in such. Tho Ger
man government, it was said, looks
with great disfavor upon any such con
duct and desires that Its citizens shall
not engago In any undertaking in any
way outside tho law.
Whether speclllc cases havo been
brought to the attention of the Ger
man government was not disclosed,
but it was mado clear that Berlin of
ficials wish tho United States and Its
people to understand that they havo
not countenanced any illegal affalra
with which German citizens or sympa
thizers In this country have been con
nected. Count von Bernstorff's instructions
woro forwarded immediately to Ger
man consuls.
$200,000,000 FOR WARSHIPS
House Naval Body Votes to Abandon
Five-Year Program Battle Cruisers
Will Cost $20,433,531 Each.
Washington, May 20. Tho house
naval committeo on Thursday voted to
abandon tho five-year building pro
gram, recommended by Secretary Dan
iels, and to recommend that Ave bat
tlo cruisers, to cost $20,433,531 each;
four coast cruisers, ten torpedo-boat
destroyers, 20 submarines, ono hos
pital ship, one oil supply ship and ono
ammunition supply ship bo built dur
ing tho 1917 fiscal year.
Tho committee voted, 13 to 8, on
battle cruisers and submarines. No
dreadnaughts aro recommended.
Tho naval bill carries a total ap
propriation of approximately $200,
000,000, as against $150,000,000 for tho
current fiscal year. Tho five battle
crulsors aro to bo as powerful and
swift as any afloat.
WELCH ELECTED M. E. BISHOP
President of Ohio Wesleyan Univer
sity of Delaware, O., Named on
Eighth Ballot.
Saratoga, N. Y., May 20. Rev. Her
bert Welch, D. D., LL. D., was elected
a bishop of tho Methodist Episcopal
church on the eighth ballot takon at
tho present general conferenco on
Thursday.
Thomas Nicholson was also elected
a bishop on the ninth ballot. Thomas
Nicholson is fifty-four years old. Ho
was born In Canada, but has spent all
his life in the United States. Ho is a
graduato of Northwestern university
and Garrett Biblical institute, Evan
ston. In 1903 ho becamo president of
Dakota Wesleyan university and in
1909 secretary of tho board of educa
tion of the denomination.
DR. MARQUIS IS MODERATOR
President of Coc College, Cedar Rap-
Ids, la., Chosen for High Office
by Presbyterian Assembly.
Atlantic City, N. J., May 20. Rev.
Dr. John Marquis, president of Coo
college, Cedar Rapids, la., was elected
moderator of the gonoral Presbyterian
assembly on tho second ballot on
Thursday in possibly tho keenest con
test ever waged by tho conferenco.
The now moderator, who brings tho
supremo honor for tho first timo to
Iowa, is a descendant of "Silver
Tongued" Marquis, who wns ono of
tho plonoSr preachers back In 1780. Ha
Is flfty-ono yoars old and was born in
Washington county, Pennsylvania.
Many Ships Destroyed.
Berlin, vki Sayvlllo wireless, May
22. Slnco January 1 enemy merchant
ships having a total tonnago of 671,
500 havo been sunk by German and
Austrian submarines, it was announced
hens.
Threo Americans on Sunk Ship.
Washington, May 22. Consul Batton
at La Rochollo reported through tho
American embassy nt Paris to tho
itato department that threo Ameri
cans wero on the British steamer En
troBscr, which was euuk by a mine.
GOSSIP FROM STATE HOUSE
Governor Morohoad has docllnod to
sanction n reduction of taxes for com
mon carriers doing business in tho 4
stato. A
Tho railway commission will meet
at Lincoln next month to get data
from which to mako tho soml-annual
freight classification.
Assistant Attornoy General Roo ha3
rendered a decision that a land owner
may forbid fishing In n stream that
runs through or adjoins his land.
State Superintendent A. O. Thomas
asserts that the rural teacher prob
lem will bo solved only when tho
situation at country schoolhouses is
mado moro attractive.
C. A. Sommor, of Lincoln, has been
appointed by Governor Morehead ns a
member of tho public library commis
sion of Nebraska for a term of five
years, running until May, 1921. Ho
will succeed F. L. Hu'ler.
Nearly 100 educator! of tho stato
attended tho teachers' training con
ferenco at Lincoln, at which problems
3f educating school ma'ams and mas
ters wore discussed. Experiments
conducted In lino wlih the discus
sions wero reported vpon.
An opinion rendored by Deputy At
torney General DextJ." TJarrett pro
vides that alcoholic Ingredients of all
preparations mado ty pharmacists
shall bo denoted on tho bottle in
which they are sold. This applies,
ho says, to all classes of mcdiclno
and other preparations.
County Treasurer William Ure, of
Douglas, has remitted tho sum of ?11,
31C to tho stato treasury, but no men
tion was mado of tho penalty which
Treasurer Hall attached, because of
tho failure to remit when ho ordered
it. Tho stato officials are perplexed
over what kind of a suit to begin for
collection of this penalty.
Through the courtesy of Captain
Donald Thompson, tho National guard
during tho state encampment, will bo
permitted to seo moving pictures of
tho choicest views of European battlo
fields. By reason of his rank as a
member of tho N. N. G. Captain
Thompson has been able to secure
much freedom in getting theso pic
tures. Those persons in Lexington, who
were unable to collect insurance for
fire losses written by the Dayton Mu
tual and the Southern Home, havo no
recourse through tho stato insurance
board. This is the substanco of a
reply from the state auditor answer
ing a query on tho question. Tho
companies named aro not licensed in
tho Btate.
Governor Morehead has received
word from Adjutant General McCain
at Washington that under a now act
of congress the governor has power to
appoint three national guardsmen to
the West Point government military
academy. Tho appointees must take
a competitive examination, which la
tho same as tho regular examination
to gain admittance.
A Joint examination of the Wood
men of tho World, whoso headquar
ters are at Omaha, and its auxiliary,
tho Woodmen Circlo also of that
placo has Just been commenced by
representatives of the Nebraska, Tex
as, Illinois and Wisconsin insurance
departments. C. Q. DoFrnnco, actu
ary for the Nebraska department, will
represent this stato in tho investiga
tion. Tho stato railway commission has
been notified of the location of the
town of Hoffland, this sldo of Alliance,
and the opening of a station thero
by tho Burlington. Tho town has a
population of about 400. It sprung
Into existence as a result of tho dis
covery of very valuable potash mines
thero. The Industry is so extensive
that two carloads of the product are
shipped out each day.
Attorney General Reed lost in a suit
in Douglas county to recover for tho
stato an estate worth $50,000. Ho
contested tho will of James Bates,
who left his property to his friond,
Hans Anderson. Tho attorney gener
al alleged tho deceased, when tho
will wns made, was not competent.
Tho county court decided that while
Bates was not strong mentally, ho
was sufficiently normal to make a
will.
Stato Superintendent Thomas has
Just completed the preparation of a
bulletin on tho semi-centennial cele
bration of tho admission of tho state
of Nebraska Into tho union. The bul
letin carries special dlreqtlons for
tho celebration and a complete outline
of history study for tho year begin
ning September, 191C.
An Inventory Is being taken of tho
state's resources and Industries In or
der to furnish the war department
with data regarding Nobraska's stand
ing from a military point of view.
A notice that is being sent out br
tho United Statns war department has
been received by Adjutant General
Hnll to tho effect that hereafter tho
federal government will not replace
military property In chargo of tho
militia organizations when It Is dex
stroyed by flro. Tho communication
requests thnt steps bo taken to havo
all such property Insured at stnto
expense.
Tho war department hns furnished
Adjutant General Hall, for the uso of
tho N. N. G., two modern range find-us.
i
r
J