DAKOTA COUNTY HERALD; DAKOTA CITY, NEBRASKA.
PRESIDENT'S WORD
IS TDraEWIHE'
Annual Message Pleads for Con
certed and Efficient
Action.
FOR GREATER REGULAR ARMY
Citizen Soldiery Part of His Plan
Problem of Commercial Mobilization
Stated Disloyalty Among Cer
tain Elements In Our Na
tional Life Serious
Menace to Peace.
Washington, Doc. 7. Prcsldont Wil
son today dollvorcd tho following mos
sago to congress:
Gentlemen of tho Congress: Slnco I
last had tho prlvllego of addressing
you on tho otato of tho Union tho war
of nations on tho other sido of tho sea,
which had then only begun to disclose
Its portentous proportions, has extend
ed ItB threatening and sinister scopo
until It has swept within Its flamo
some portion of ovory quarter of tho
gloho, not excepting our own hemi
sphere, has altered tho whole face of
International affairs, and now presents
a prospect of reorganization and re
construction such as Btatesmon and
peoples have nover boon callod upon
to attempt before
Wo havo stood apart, studiously nou
tral. It was our manifest duty to do
so. Not only did wo havo no ;inrt or
interest In tho policies which scorn to
have brought tho conflict on; It was
nocessary, If a universal catastropho
was to bo avoided, that a limit should
be set to the sweep of doBtructlvo war
and that some part of tho groat family
of nations should keep tho proccsaos
of peaco alive, if only to prevent col
lective economic ruin and tho break
down throughout tho world of the In
dustries by which Its populations aro
fed and sustained. It was manifestly
the duty of ttio solf-govornod nations
of thlH hemlsphoro to redress, If pos
sible, tho balanco of economic loss
and confusion in tho other, If thoy
could do nothing more. In tho day of
readjustment and recuperation wo
earnestly hopo and bolievo that thoy
can bo of Infinite sorvlco.
American Nations Partners.
In this neutrality, to which tlmv
wore bidden not only by their separate
llfo and tholr habitual dotachmont
from tho politics of Europe but also by
a clear perception of International
duty, tho BtatOB of America havo bo
como conscious of a now and moro
vital community Intorost and moral
partnership In uffalrs, moro clearly
conscious of tho many common sym
pathies and Interests and duties which
bid them Btand togothor.
There was a tlmo in tho onrly days
of our own great nation and of tho re
publics fighting tholr way to Inde
pendence in Central and South Amor
lea when tho government of tho Unit
ed StoicB lookod upon Itself as In somo
sort tho guardian of tho ropubllcs to
the south of her as against any en
croachments or efforts at political con
trol from tho other sido of tho wator;
felt it its duty t play tho part oven
without Invitation from thom; and I
thlnk that wo can claim that tho task
was undertaken with a truo and dis
interested enthusiasm for tho frcodom
of tho Americas and tho unmolested
solf-governmont of her Indopondent
peoples. But it was always difficult to
maintain such a rolo without off on so
to the prldo of the pooplos whoso froq
dom of action wo sought to protect,
and without provoking sorlouB miscon
ceptions of our motives, and ovory
thoughtful man of affairs must wel
come tho altered circumstances of tho
new day in whoso light wo now stand,
when thoro Is no claim of guardian
ship or thought of wards but, instead,
a full and honorablo association as of
partners betwoon oursolves and our
neighbors, In tho Intorost of all Amer
ica, north and south. Our concern for
the Independence and prosperity of tho
states of Control and South Amorlca
Is not altorcd. Wo retain unabated
the spirit that has Inspired us through
out the whole life of our government
and which was so frankly put into
words by Prcsldont Monroe. Wo still
mean always to make a common causo
of national Indopondenco and of po
litical liberty in America.
Attitude Toward Mexico.
We have been put to tho tost lu
tho case of Moxlco, and wo havo stood
the test Whether wo havo bonofltod
Mexico by tho course wo havo pursued
remains to bo aeon. Hor fortunes aro
In her own hands. But wo havo at
least proved that wo will not tako ad
vantago of hor in her distress and un
dertake to impose upon her an order
and government of our own choosing.
We will aid and bofriond Mexico, but
we will not coerce hor; and our course
with regard to hor ought to bo suffi
cient proof to all Amorlca that wo
seek no political suzerainty or solflsh
control.
Tho moral Is, that the statos of
America are not hostile rivals but co
operating friondo, and that tholr grow
ing eonso of community of Interest,
allko in matters political and In mat
ters economic, 1b likely to glvo thom
a now significance as factors In inter
national affairs and In tho political
history of tho world.
Drawing the Americas Together.
There Is, I venturo to point out, an
espoclal significance just now attach
ing to this whole matter of drawing
tho Americas togothor in bonds of hon
orablo partnership and mutual advan
WORTH
That lightning Cashes appear to zig
zag is an optical illusion, according to
a German scientist, who contends that
tho effect la duo to the eyes twitching
when flashes occur.
French hospital attendants havo suc
ceeded In impregnating rubber gloves
with tho salts of certain metals and
making thom Impervious to X-raya for
thf projection of persons using the
raj if
tage bechrtso of tho economic readjust
monts which tho world must Inevi
tably witness within tho noxt gonora
tlon, when poaco shall havo at last re
sumed Its hoRlthtul tasks. In tho por
formance of tlicso tnsks I bollovo tho
AraorlcaB to bo destined to play tholr
parts togothor I am Intorctind to fix
your attention on this prospect now
bocauso unless you take It within your
vlow and pormlt tho full slgnlllcanco
of It to command your thought 1 can
not find tho right light In which to Bet
forth tho particular matter that lies
at the very front of my wholo thought
ns I addrcsB you today. I moan na
tional defense
No ono who really comprehends tho
spirit of tho groat pcoplo for whom
wo aro appointed to Bpcak can fall to
porcoive that tholr passion Is for
peaco, their genius host displayed In
tho practlco of tho arts of peaco. Great
democracies aro not bolllgorent. Thoy
do not sock or dcslro war. Tholr
thought is of Individual liborty and of
tho frco labor that supports llfo and
tho unconsored thought that quickens
It. Conquest and dominion aro not In
our reckoning, or agrecablo to our
principles. But Just because wo de
mand unmolested development and
tho undisturbed government of our
own lives upon our own principles of
right and liberty, wo rosont, from
whatovor quarter it may como, tho ag
gression wo oursolvos will not prac
tlco. Wo Insist upon security In prose
cuting our solf-choson lines of nation
al dovolopmont. Wo do moro than that.
Wo demand It also for others.
Question of Preparedness.
Out of such thoughts grow all our
policies. Wo regard war moroly as a
means of assorting tho rights of a pco
plo against nggrosslon. And wo aro
as florcoly Jealous of coorclvo or dic
tatorial powor within our own nation
as of aggression from without. Wo
will not maintain a standing army ex
cept for usos whlt'i aro as nocessary
In times of peaco as In times of war;
and wo shall always soe to It that our
military peaco establishment Is no
larger than is actually and continu
ously needed for tho uses of days In
which no enemies movo against us.
But wo do bollovo In a body of free
citizens ready and sufficient to tako
caro of thomsolvos and of the govern
ments which thoy havo set up to servo
thom.
But war has nover been a moro mat
tor of mon nnd guns. It Is a thing of
disciplined might. If our citizens aro
over to fight effectively upon a suddon
summons, thoy must know how mod
ern lighting Is dono, nnd what to do
whon tho summons comes to render
thomsolvcB lmracdlatoly avallablo nnd
Immodlatoly effective. And tho gov
ernment must bo tholr servant In this
mattor, must supply thom with tho
training thoy noed to take caro of
thomsolvcB and of It.
It Is with theso Ideals in mind that
tho plans of tho dopartmont of wnr
for moro adequato national dofonso
woro conceived which wlil bo laid bo
foro you, and which I urgo you to
snnctlon nnd put Into offoct ns soon
as thoy can bo properly scrutinized
and discussed. Thoy soom to mo tho
essential first stops, nnd thoy scorn
to mo for tho prosont sufficient.
Larger Army Plan.
Thoy contomplato an Increase of tho
standing forco of tho regular army
from Its prosont strength of 5,023
officers nnd 102,985 enlisted mon of
all sorvlcos to a strength of 7.13C
ofllcors and 134,707 enlisted mon,
or 141,843, all told, all sorvlcos,
rank and fllo, by tho addition
of fifty-two companies of coast
nrtlllory, fiftoon companies of engi
neers, ton regiments of Infantry, four
roglmontB of flold artlllory, and four
aero squadrons, boBldos 750 ofllcors
roqulred for a groat varloty of extra
sorvlco, especially the all Important
duty of training tho citizen forco of
which L shall prcsontly speak, 792
noncommissioned ofllcors for Borv
lco In drill, rocrultlng and tho
llko, and tho nocessary quota of en
listed mon for tho quartermaster
corps, tho hospital corps, tho ord
nanco dopartmont, nnd other Blmllar
auxiliary sorvlcos. Thoso aro tho ad
ditions nocossary to rondor tho army
adoquato for Its prosont duties, dutlos
which It has to perform not only upon
our own continental coasts and bor
ders and at our Interior army posts,
but also In tho Philippines, In the
Hawaiian Islands, at tho isthmus, and
In Porto IUco.
By way of making tho country rjady
to nssort somo part of Its roal powor
promptly and upon a larger scale,
should occasion ariso, tho plan also
contemplates supplementing tho army
by a force of 400,000 disciplined citi
zens, raised In Increments of 133,
000 a year throughout a period
of throo years. This It 1b proposod
to do by a process of enlistment un
der which tho sorvlcoablo mon of tho
country would bo askod to bind thom
boIvob to sorvo with tho colors for pur
poso of training for short porlods
throughout throo years, and to como
to tho colors at call at any tlmo
throughout an additional "furlough"
porlod of throo years. This forco of
400,000 men would bo provided with
porsonal accoutromonts as fast ub
enlisted and tholr equipment for
tho field mado roady to bo sup
plied at any time. Thoy would bo
assembled for training at stated in
tervals at convenient places in asso
ciation with sultablo units of tho
regular army. Their period of annual
training would not nocessarlly exceed
two months In tho year.
At leaBt so much by tho way of
preparation for defonBo Dooms to mo
to bo absolutely imperative now. We
cannot do less.
The Naval Program.
The program which will bo laid be
fore you by tho secrotary of tho navy
Is similarly conceived. It involves
only a shortening of the tlmo within
KNOWING
For educational motion picture
shows and demonstrations whoro elec
tricity Is not avallablo the Louisiana
State university has oqulppod an auto
mobile with a gonorator.
Pittsburgh manufacturers have dis
covered that pigments for coloring
paints can be obtained from the liquids
that are used for finishing tin plates
and galvanized wlr, horotoforo thrown
away after uso.
STRIKING POINTS IN PRESIDENT WILSON'S MESSAGE
The department of war contemplates an Increase of the standing
force of the regular army from Its present strength of 5,023 officers
and 102,985 enlisted men to 7,130 officers and 134,707 enlisted men, and
supplementing the army by a force of 400,000 disciplined citizens.
It will be t the advantage of the country for the congress to adopt
a comprehensive plan for putting the navy upon a final footing of
strength and efficiency.
The gravest threats against our national peace and safety have
been uttered within our own borders.
It Is necessary for many weighty reasons of national efficiency and
development that we should have a great merchant marine.
It seems to me a clear dictate of prudent statesmanship and frank
finance that In what we are now to undertake we should pay as we go.
We should be following an almost universal example of modern gov
ernment If we were to draw the greater part or even the whole of the
revenues we need from the Income taxes.
We have been put to the test In the case of Mexico and we have
stood the test. Whether we have benefited Mexico by the courso we
have pursued remains to be seen. Our concern for the Independence
and prosperity of the states of Central and South America Is not
altered.
which plans long matured shall bo
carried out; but It does mako dellntto
and explicit a program which has
horotoforo bcon only Implicit, hold In
tho minds of tho two committees on
naval affairs and disclosed In tho de
bates of tho two houses but nowhero
formulated or formally adopted. It
soems to mo vory clear that It will bo
to tho advantago of tho country for
the congross to adopt a comprehen
sive plan for putting tho navy upon
a final footing of strength and effi
ciency and to press that plan to com
pletion within tho next flvo years.
Wo havo always looked to tho navy of
tho country as our first and chief
lino of defense; wo havo always scon
It to bo our manifest course of pru
donco to bo strong on tho seas. Year
by year wo have been creating a navy
which now rankB vory high Indeed
umong tho navies of tho maritlmo na
tions. Wo should now deflnltoly do
tormlno how wo shall comploto what
wo havo begun, and how soon.
Tho program to bo laid before you
contemplates the construction within
live years of ton battleships, six bat--tie
crulsors, ten scout crulsors, fifty
destroyers, fifteen fleet submarines,
elghty-fivo coast submarines, four gun
boats, ono hospital ship, two ammuni
tion Bhlps, two fuel oil ships, and ono
regular repair ship. It Is proposed
that of this number wo shall tho first
year provldo for tho construction of
two battleships, two battle crulsors,
three scout cruisers, flften destroyers,
Hvo fleet submarines, twonty-tlvo coast
submnrlncs, two g'unboats, and ono
hospital ship; tho second year, two
battleships, ono scout cruiser, ton de
stroyers, four fleot submarines, fifteen
coast submarines, ono gunboat, and
ono fuol oil ship; tho third year, two
battleships, ono battle cruiser, two
scout cruisers, flvo destroyors, two
Hoot submarines, and fifteen coast
submarines; tho fourth year, two bat
tleships, two battle crulnors, two scout
crulsors, ten destroyors, two fleot sub
marines, fifteen coast submarines, ono
ammunition ship, and ono fuol oil
ship; and tho fifth year, two battlo
ships, ono battlo cruiser, two scout
cruisers, ton destroyors, two fleot sub
marines, fifteen coast submarines, ono
gunboat, ono ammunition ship, and
ono repair ship.
Moro Men for the Navy.
Tho secrotary of tho navy Is asking
also for tho lmmedlato addition to the
porsonnol of tho navy of 7,500 sail
ors, 1,200 approntlce seamen, and
1,500 marinos. This Increase would
bo BUfficIont to caro for tho ships
which aro to bo comploted with
in the fiscal year 1917 and alBo for tho
numbor of mon which must bo put In
training to man tho ships which will
bo completed early In 1918. It Is also
nocoBBary that tho numbor of mldBhip
mon at tho Naval academy at Annap
olis should bo increased by at least
three hundred
If this full program should bo car
ried out wo Bhould have built or build
ing In 1921, according to tho estimates
of survival and standards of classifi
cation followed by tho genoral board
of tho dopartment, an offectlvo navy
consisting of 27 battleships, of tho first
lino, G battlo crulsors, 25 battleships
of tho socond lino, 10 armored cruls
ors, 13 scout crulsors, 5 first-class
crulsors, 3 second-class crulsors, 10
third-class crulsors, 108 destroyers, 18
floet submarines, 157 coast submarines,
G monitors , 20 gunboats, 4 supply
ships, 15 fuol ships, 4 transports,
3 tenders to torpedo vossols, 8 ves
sels of special types, and 2 ammuni
tion ships. Thlo would bo a navy fit
ted to our needs nnd worthy of our
trndltions.
But armies and Instruments of war
aro only part of what has to be con
sidered if wo aro to consider tho su
premo mattor of national soltsufficlon
cy nnd security In all Its aspects.
Thoro aro other groat matters which
will be thrust upon our attention
whothor wo will or not. Thero Is, for
oxamplo, a very pressing quostlon of
trado and shipping Involved In this
great problom of national adequacy.
It Is necessary for many weighty rea
sons of national efficiency and dovol
opmont that wo should havo a great
merchant marine.
It Is high tlmo wo repaired our mis
tako and rosumod our commercial inde
pendence on tho seas.
Need of Merchant Marine.
For It Is a question of Independ
ence. It othor nations go to war or
seek to hamper each other's com
merce, our merchants, it scorns, aro
at their morcy, to do with as they
please. Wo must uso their ships, and
use thom as they determine. Wo have
not ships enough of our own. We
cannot handlo our own commerce on
the Boas. Our Independence ts provin
cial, and Is only on land and within
our own bordors. We are not llkoly
to bo permitted to use even tho ships
Action of Meteors.
Writing In Nature of tho last display
of Perselds, as obsorvod In England,
Mr. Donnlngs, tho well-known author
ity on meteors, states that thoso bod
ies exhibited a distinct dlfforouce In
velocity, apart from what might bo in
duced by differences In position and
distance. "Two meteors appearing In
very noarly tho same roglon gave In
several instances an apparent speed
essentially dissimilar, though presum
ably at tho same holght or very noar
ly so."
of other nations In rivalry of their
own trado, and aro without means to
oxtend our commerce oven where tho
doors aro wldo opon nnd our goods
desired. Such a situation Is not to
bo endured. It is of cnpital Import
ance not only that tho United States
Bhould bo Its own carrier on tho seas
and enjoy tho economic Independence
which only an adequato merchant ma
rine would glvo It. but also that tho
Amorlcan hemisphere as a wholo
should enjoy a like Independence nnd
self-sufficiency, if It is not to bo drawn
Into tho tangle of European affairs.
Without such Independence tho whole
question of our political unity nnd
solf-dctormlnatlon Is vory seriously
clouded and complicated Indeed.
Moreover, wo can develop no truo
or offectlvo American policy without
ships of our own not ships of war,
but ships of peace, carrying goods and
carrying much more; creating friend
ships and rendering indispensable
services to all Interests on this sido
tho water.
Must Provide Ships.
With a vlow to meeting theso
pressing necessities of our commorco
and availing ourselves at tho earliest
possible moment of tho present un
paralleled opportunity of linking tho
two Americas togothor In bonds of mu
tual Interest and service, an oppor
tunity which may nover return again
If wo nilsa It now, proposals will bo
mado to the present congress for the
purchase or construction of ships to
bo owned and directed by tho govern
ment similar to thoso made to tho last
congress, but modified In somo essen
tial particulars. I recommend theso
proposals to you for your prompt ac
coptnnco with tho more confidence
because ovory month that has elapsed
slnco the former proposals were made
has mado tho necessity for such action
moro and moro manifestly Imperative.
That noed was then foreseen; it Is
now acutely felt and everywhere real
ized by those for whom trade is wait
ing but who can find no convoyanco
for tholr goods. I am not so much in
terested In the particulars of tho pro
gram as 1 am In taking lmmedlato ad
vantago of tho great opportunity which
awaits us If wo will but act In this
cmorgoncy, .
Tho plans for tho armed forces of
tho nation which I have outlinod, nnd
for tho general policy of adequato
preparation for mobilization and do
fonso, lnvolvo of courso very largo ad
ditional oxpondlturcs of money ex
penditures which will considerably ex
ceed tho estimated rovonues of tho
government. It Is mado my duty by
law, whonover tho estimates of ex
penditure exceed tho estimates of
rovenuo, to call tho attention of tho
congress to the fact and suggest any
means of meoting tho deficiency that
It may bo wiso or possible for mo to
suggest. I am roady to believe that it
would bo my duty to do so'ln any case;
and I fool particularly bound to speak
of tho mattor whon It appears that the
deficiency will arise directly out of
tho adoption by tho congress of meas
ures which I myself urge It to adopt.
Allow me, therefore, to speak briefly
of tho present state of tho treasury
and of the fiscal problems which the
next year will probably dlscloso.
State of the Finances.
On tho thirtieth of Juno last thero
was an avallablo balanco In the gen
eral fund of tho treasury of $104,170,
105.78. Tho total estimated receipts
for tho year 1916, on the assumption
that the emergency revenue measure
passed by tho last congross will not bo
extended beyond Its prosont limit, tho
thirty-flrst of Decomber, 1916, and
that tho present duty of ono cent per
pound on sugar will bo discontinued
after tho first of May, 1916, will bo
$670,365,500. The balance of Juno last
and these estimated revenues como,
therefore, to a grand total of $774,
435,605.78. The total estimated dis
bursements for tho present fiscal year,
Including $25,000,000 for tho Panama
canal, $12,000,000 for probablo de
ficiency appropriations, and $60,
000 for miscellaneous debt redomp
tlons, will be $753,891,000; and
the balanco In the general fund of tho
treasury will bo reducod to $20,644,
605.78. Tho emergency revenue act, If
continued boyond Its present time lim
itation, would produce, during the half
year thou remaining, about $41,000,
000. Tho duty of ono cent por pound
on sugar, it continued, would produce
during tho two months of the fiscal
year remaining after the first of May,
about $15,000,000. These two sums,
amounting together to $56,000,000, If
added to tho rovenuos of the second
half of tho fiscal year, would yield the
treasury at the end of tho year an
avallablo balanco of $76,644,605.78.
Tho additional revenues roqulrod
to carry out tho program of military
and naval preparation of which I havo
spoken, would, as ut present estimated,
FROM OVER
In only fourteen Chinese cities are
thoro tolephone systems of apprecia
ble size,
Cars of a new type, with a capacity
of 70 tons, aro being placod in service
by tho Pennsylvania for hauling pipe
of tho Nntlonnl Tube company, 770,000
pounds having recently been shipped
on thoso tor oxport, consigned to tho
United States Stool Products conmany
1 for tho Oil Well Supply company.
bo for tho fiscal year 1917, $93,800,000.
Thoso figures, taken with tho flguros
for tho present fiscal year which I
havo already glvon, dlscloso our finan
cial problom for tho year 1917 As
suming that tho tnxos Imposed by the
eraorgoncy rovenuo net and tho pros
ont duty on sugar aro to bo discontin
ued, and that tho balanco at tho close
of tho present fiscal year will bo only
$20,044,605.78, that tho disbursements
for tho Panama canal will again bo
about twenty-five millions, and that
the additional expenditures for tho
army and navy aro authorized by tho
congress, tho deficit in tho gcnornl
fund of tho treasury on tho thirtieth
of Juno, 1917, will bo nearly two hun
dred and thirty-five millions To this
sum at least fifty millions should bo
added to represent a safo working bal
anco for tho treasury, nnd twolvo mil
lions to Includo tho usual deficiency
estimates In 1917; nnd thoso additions
would mako a total doflclt of somo two
hundred and ninety-seven millions. If
tho present taxes Bhould bo continued
throughout this year and tho noxt,
however, thoro would bo a balanco In
tho treasury of somo soventy-slx nnd
a half millions at the end of the pres
ent fiscal year, and a deficit at tho
end of tho noxt year of only somo fifty
millions, or, reckoning In sixty-two
millions for deficiency appropriations
and a safo treasury belanco at tho end
of tho year, a total doflclt of somo
ono hundred and twolvo millions. Tho
obvious moral of tho figures Is that It
Is a plain counsel of prudonco to con
tlnuo all of tho preesnt taxes or their
equivalents, and confine ourselves to
the problem of providing $112,000,000
of now rovenuo rathor than $297,000,
000. New Sources of Revenue.
How shall wo obtain tho new rove
nuo? It seoms to mo n clear dictate of
prudont statesmanship and frank
financo that In what we aro now, I
hope, to undertake, wo should pay as
wo go. Tho pcoplo of tho country are
entitled to know Just what burdens of
taxation thoy aro to carry, and to know
from tho outset, now. Tho now bills
should bo paid by internal taxation.
To what sources, then, shall we
turn? This Is so peculiarly a question
which tho gentlemen of tho house of
representatives aro expected under
tho Constitution to propose an answor
to that you will hardly expect mo to
do more than discuss It In very gen
eral torms. Wo should be following
an almost universal example of mod
ern government If wo were to draw
the greater part or oven tho wholo of
tho revenues wo need from tho In
come taxes. By somewhat lowering tho
present limits of exemption and the
figure nt which tho surtax shall begin
to bo Imposed, and by Increasing, step
by stop throughout tho present gradu
ation, tho surtax Itself, tho Income
taxes as at present apportioned
would yield sums sufficient to balanco
tho books of tho treasury at tho end
of tho fiscal year 1917 without any
whero making the burden unreason
ably or oppressively heavy. Tho pro
clso reckonings aro fully and accurate
ly set out in tho report of tho secro
tary of the treasury which will bo Im
mediately laid boforo you.
And thoro are many additional
sources of revenue which can Justly bo
resorted to without hampering tho in
dustries of tho country or putting any
too great charge upon Individual ex
penditure. A ono per' cent tax per
gallon on gasoline and naptha would
yield, at tho prosent estimated pro
duction, $10,000,000; a tax of 50 cents
por horse powor on automobiles and
Internal explosion engines, $15,000,
000; a stamp tax on bank checks,
probably $18,000,000; a tax of 25 cents
per ton on pig Iron, $10,000,000; a tax
of 60 cents per ton on fabricated Iron
and steel, probably $10,000,000. In a
country of groat Industries like this it
ought to be easy to distribute tho bur
dens of taxation without making them
anywhere bear too heavily or too ex
clusively upon any ono sot of parsons
or undertakings. What Is clear Is,
that the industry of this generation
should pay tho bills of this generation.
I havo spoken 'to you today, gentlo
mon, upon a single theme, tho thor
ough preparation of tho nation to caro
for its own security nnd to mako sure
of entire freedom to play tho impartial
role in this hemisphere and in the
world which wo all bollovo to havo
been providentially assigned to It. I
have had In my mind no thought of
any Immediate or particular danger
arising out of our relations with othor
nations. We aro at peaco with all
tho nations of the world, and there Is
reason to hope that no question in
controversy between this and other
governments will load to any serious
broach of amicable relations, grave as
somo differences of attltudo and policy
havo been nnd may yet turn out to bo.
I am sorry to say that tho gravest
threats against our national peace and
safety have been uttered within our
own bordors. There are citizens of
tho Unltod States, I blush to admit,
born under othor flags but welcomed
under our generous naturalization
laws to the full freedom and oppor
tunity of Amorlca, who have poured
the poison of disloyalty into the very
arteries of our national lfo; who have
sought to bring tho authority and
good namo of our government Into
contempt, to destroy our Industries
wherever thoy thought It effective for
their vindictive purposes to strike at
them, and to dobase our politics to
tho uses of foreign Intrigue. Their
number is not great as compared with
the wholo number of those sturdy
hosts by which our nation has been
enriched In recent generations out
of vlrllo foreign stocks; but It Is great
enough to have brought deep disgrace
upon us and to have mado It neces
sary that we should promptly make
use of procosscs of law by which we
may be purged of tholr corrupt dls
tompors. America nover witnessed
THE WORLD
A new electrical process makes char
coal from sawdust wasto.
The salaries of college teachors
with rank of professor rnngo In this
country from $450 to $7,600 a year.
St. Louis business mon are sitting
down hard on the practlco of custom
ers returning goods. Only a restrict
ed numbor of nrtlclos may bo returned
within 36 hours in an undamaged condition.
anything llko this before It noror
dreamed It posslblo that mon sworn
Into Its own citizenship, mon drawn
out of groat froe Blocks such as sup
plied some of tho best and strongest
olomonts of thnt llttlo, but how heroic,
nation that In n high day of old staked
Us very llfo to free Itself from every
entanglement that had darkened the
fortunes of tho older nations and sot
up a new standard hero that mon
of such origins and such free choices
of alleglanco would over turn In
malign renctlon against tho govern
ment nnd peoplo who had welcomed
and nurtured them nnd seok to make
this proud country onco moro a hot
bed of European pnsslon. A llttlo
whllo ago such a thing would have
scorned Incredible Becauso It was
Incrediblo wo mado no preparation
for It. Wo would havo been almost
ashamed to proparo for It, as If we
wero suspicious of oursolves, our own
comrades nnd neighbors! Hut the
ugly and Incredible thing haB actual
ly como about and wo aro without
adoquato federal laws to deal with It,
I urgo you to enact such laws at tho
earliest posslblo moment and fool that
In doing so 1 am urging you to do
nothing less than save tho honor and
self-respect of tho nation. Such crea
tures of passion, disloyalty, nnd an
archy must bo crushed out. Thoy are
not many, but thoy aro infinitely
malignant, and tho hand of our power
should closo over them nt once. Thoy
havo formed plots to destroy proporty
thoy havo entered Into conspiracies
against tho neutrality of the govern
ment, thoy havo sought to pry Into
ovory confidential transaction of tho
government In order to sorvo Interests
alien to our own. It Is possible to
deal with theso things very effectually.
I need not suggest the terms In which
thoy may bo dealt with.
Are Disgrace to the Nation.
I wish that It could be said that
only a few men, misled by mlstakon
sontlmonts of nlleglnnco to tho govern- i
monts under which thoy wero born,
had boon guilty of disturbing tho self- i
possession and misrepresenting the
temper nnd principles of tho country
during theso days of terrible war, I
when It would seem that every man '
who was truly an American would
Instinctively mako It his duty and his
pride to keep tho Bcales of Judgment
oven and provo himself a partisan of
no nation but his own. But It cannot.
Thoro are somo mon among us, and
many resident abroad who, though
born and bred In tho United States '
and calling themselves Americans, I
havo so forgotten themsolves and
their honor as citizens as to put their
passionate sympathy with one or tho
other sido In the great European con
flict above their regard for tho peaco
and dignity of the United States. They
also preach and practice disloyalty.
No laws, I suppose, can reach cor
ruptions of tho mind and heart; but I
should not speak of others without
also speaking of theso and expressing
tho oven deeper humiliation and scorn
which ovory self-possessed nnd
thoughtfully patriotic American must
fool when ho thinks of them and of
tho discredit thoy uro daily bringing
upon us.
Whllo wo speak of tho preparation
of tho nation to mako sure of her
security and her effective power wo
must not fall Into tho patent error of
supposing that her real strength
comes from armaments and mere safe
guards of written law.
What Is moro Important Is, that tho
Industries and resources of tho coun
try should be avallablo and ready for
mobilization.
The transportation problem Is an
exceedingly serious and pressing ono
In this country. Thoro has from
time to time of lato been reason
to fear that our railroads would
not much longor bo able to cope with
it successfully, as at present equipped
and co-ordalned. I suggest that it
would bo wiso to provldo for a com
mission of Inquiry to ascertain by a
thorough canvass of tho whole ques
tion whether our laws as at present
framed and administered are as serv
iceable as thoy might be in the solu
tion of tho problem. It 1b obviously a
problem that lies at tho very founda
tion of our efficiency as a people. Such
an inquiry ought to draw out every
clrcumstanco and opinion worth con
sidering and wo nped to know all sides
of tho matter If we mean to do any
thing In the field of federal legislation.
Regulation of Railroads.
No one, I nm sure, would wish to
tako any backward stop. Tho regula
tion of tho railways of the country b
federal commission has had admirably
results and has fully Justified tho
hopes and expectations of those by
whom tho policy of regulation was
originally proposed. Tho question is
not what should we undo? It is,
whothor thoro is anything elso we can
do that would supply us with effective
moans, In tho very process of regula
tion, for bettering the conditions un
der which tho railroads are operated
and for making thom more useful serv
ants of the country as a whole. It
seemB to me that It might be the part
of wisdom, therefore, before further
legislation in this field Is attompted, to
look at tho whole problem of co-ordination
and efficiency In the full light of a
fresh assessment of circumstance and
opinion, as a guldo to dealing with the
soveral parts of it
For what we are seeking now, what
in my mind Is tho single thought of
thin message, Is national efficiency and
security. We serve a great nation.
We should servo it in tho spirit of its
peculiar genius. It is the genius of
common men for self-government, in
dustry, Justice, liberty and peace. We I
should see to it that it lacks no instru
ment, no facility or vigor of law, to
mako it sufficient to play Its part with
energy, safety and assured success. In
this we aro no partisans but heralds
and prophets of a new age,
Making Progress.
"Woll, wo are getting along pretty
well In our plans for defense."
"So?"
"Yep; got an advisory board and a
gasoline engine." Louisville Courier
Journa1' u
Don't Need Any.
Edyth So Jack kissed you the first
tlmo he called. Had you given him
any encouragement?
Mayme Encouragement! Say, you
evidently don't know Jack.
iKl)WI
5l4;
FOR BETTER SCHOOL GROUND
Los Angeles Newspaper Urges tho
Beautifying of Lands Adjacent to
Such Buildings. '
Tho subcommittee on schools of tho
1915 beautifying committee, together
with tho Judges In the school grounds'
contest, havo Joined forces In asking
that tho work of beautifying the
grounds of schools in Lob Angolos
county bo continued until every ono of
thom shnll bo woll cmbclllshod with
trees, Bhrubs nnd plants. Tho writer
slnceroly hopes that tho Judges,
Messrs. Lahoo, Klonholz and McQueen,
will aid tho subcommittee In tho
preparation of a roport BUfficlontly
dollnlto nnd specific In Its recom
mendations so that a practical pro
longation of tho present lino of work
may bo assured until not only nil tho
schoolgroundB of this country shall
bo artistically planted, but tho move
ment spread to Includo nil our beauti
ful southland.
In tho past peoplo who should bo
most interested havo often proved
unusunlly npathetlc on tho question of
embellishment of school grounds. It
has been a mattor of wonderment to"
tho writer why tho ono piece of
ground In a community in which nil
havo common ownership nnd In which
nil havo a common interest should bo
the only ono neglected. Yet such has
proved to bo truo in n score of cases
coming under observation. Now sen
timent la undergoing a rapid chango
for tho bettor. Tho Impetus given tho
beautifying of school grounds by tho
1915 committee will bo far-reaching,
and pormanent. If tho ono suggestion N
mado bo carried out, namely, that no
prize winner of tho prosent year bo
allowed to compete for two years, tho
tlmo will como when nearly all will
havo won ono or moro prizes and nil
will bo moro or less beautiful. Tho
county should havo an official adviser
to visit and report upon ways and
means of Improving each school, or,
better still, tho county should hlro
somo competent designer to plan ovory
school ground in tho county. Then
would all havo tho same foundation
on which to begin work tho only prop
er foundation. Los Angeles Times.
WHEN BUILDING THE CHIMNEY
Care in Avoiding Defects Would Do
Much to Prevent Disastrous Con
flagrations. A great mnjorlty of tho fires, as
shown by statistics, aro caused by de
fective chlmnoys. Therefore, so far as
safety from fire Is concerned, tho chim
ney is ono of tho most important fea
tures of tho now house Monoy spent
hero is well spent, so do not skimp o
the chimney.
A good foundation curried below
ground level la an absolute necessity;
aJdo caro in tho construction of tho
chlmnoy, to provent burning soot com
ing in contact with any woodwork, is
important.
Built of either brick or cement,
thero should bo a seamless column ox
tending abovo tho rldgo of tho roof.
Tho flues should bo sufficient In num
ber and properly placed. There should
bo separata flues for tho heating sys
tem and tho kitchen range, and an
other for tho fireplace.
Pruning Deciduous Trees.
Do not be afraid to pruno deciduous
trees nnd shrubs now, simply for tho
reason that they aro carrying green
leaves. It Is a good rulo to prune tho
shrubs Just as soon ns they are past
blooming. Trees, howovor largo, may
be profitably pruned now, unless tho
entiro top is to bo removed. Small
branches need no treatment subse
quent to pruning, but largo cuts should
bo treated with linsood oil, paint, as
phalt, tar or any protective substance
that will oxcludo air and form and
maintain a film ovor tho wound. Tho
latter will then start to heal over this
season and tho work bo vigorously re
newed in early spring.
Teaching City Management.
Tho University of Toxas having led
tho way with a courso in city manage
ment, tho University of Kansas Is
preparing to do likewise. It Is only
a quostlon of tlmo when all tho lead
ing American universities will thus
recognlzo tho cities need to bo pro
vided with a supply of trained oxperts
for municipal services. It will then bo
posslblo for men and women who fit
themsolvos for this work to look for
ward to llfo careers in It. City balls
will ceaso to bo schools for raw be
glnnorB ovory two or four years. Tax
payers will got the cumulatlvo valua
of experience In office. St. Louis Post
Dispatch.
Reported Verbatim.
Tho boy at tho tolophono had met
Iho girl but lately; ho was striving to
mako good, and with some success.
"Thursday night, then," said ho 'Til
be around with a taxi."
Just then tho volco of his slstet
smote his ear and tho tolophono got
It, too. Sister was out in the kltchon
washing tho dishes:
"John Blank," she shouted, "yot
como hero and empty tho swllll" Al
bany Argus.
Latest Design In Windmills.
A windmill with flvo wldoly-sop
aratcd vanes has beon adopted for In
rlgatlon purposes In Italy's now pos
sessions in Africa as tho only kind
that will withstand high winds nnd at
the same time work in light breezes.
Nature's Differences.
"When a man breathes ho us.es hit
muscular strongth to draw In tho air,
and It is afterward forced out auto
matically. With lnsocts, as a German .
Investigator has Just discovered, thli
process Is Just reversed.
A
V,
i