DAKOTA COUNTY HERALD; DAKOTA CITY, NEBRASKA.
QXffiST CAVRN
IN THE WOMB
WRECKED BY MEXICAN BANDITS
GIRL TAMES HORSES
IAsk Your Dealer to Show You
Buys Ill-Tempered Animals and
Then Cures Them.
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AM MOTH CAVE, tho largest
of all known caverns of the
world. Is situated in Edmon
ton county, Kontucky, about
elgUiy-UVO muos ay rauwiiy
fcouthuebt of Louisville and not far
from Green river, Into which the cave's
subterranean waters empty. This sec
tion of Kentucky, whore may bo found
limestono beds frequently reaching a
thickness of COO feet, is noted for its
rocky grottoes, sink holes and caverns.
The rocks in tho vicinity of Mammoth
cave give evidence of but little dis
turbance by the dynamic forces of past
ages. It is such areas of limestono
deposits, showing comparatively level
strata and located somowhat above a
drainage level, -with small crovices or
joints, that furnish tho conditions for
tho formation of underground passago
ways and enlarged chambers by tho
chemical agency of underground wa
ters, says tho Spanish edition of tho
Bulletin of tho Pan-American Union.
From a geological viewpoint tho
Mammoth cavo is of comparatively re
cent origin, its formation having bo
gun something less than 1,000,000
years ago, in tho Pliocene age. Tho
cave action beimn after Green river
had cut its channel down Into tho lime
stone stratum which underlies this
section. Tho rain water, with Its car
bonic acid content, scoped through tho
overlying earth and passing into and
through tho crovices and Joints of tho
stone, at that time above tho level of
tho river, began tho work of solution
and erosion. These underground wa
ters naturally gathered along tho
planes of least resistance, and by tho
process of solution and subsequent
erosion gradually formed what are
now tho iiassagoways and chambers
of the uppor lovols of tho cave. As
the crevices grow in slzo moro and
cade Into what may bo termed the
antechamber of tho cavo. At tlio end
of thlB Is n grated Iron doorway which
can bo opened only by tho lcc of tho
guide.
Wonders of the Caverr..
Passing through tho iron doorway
tho visitor finds himself in tho Ilotun
da, tho first great vaulted room of tho
cavo. Tho diameter of tho entlro cav
ern area Is about ten miles, while its
known and numbered avenues are in
excess of 225, and their added length
Is estimated at over 150 miles Tho
various ramifications of tho cavo are
so extensive that tho entlro area has
been divided into four different routes
for tho benefit of visitors, through
which they aro taken by tho official
guides provided by tho management of
tho hotel and cave, each route having
its own attractive features. From tho
Rotunda tho Main Cavo, or Grand Gal
lery, is entered. This splendid gallery,
whoso arched coiling is 80 feet high,
must bo traversed to reach any other
part of tho cavern. In It aro found
many of tho rcmarkablo features
Among them may bo mentioned tho
Giant's Coffin, a rock shaped llko an
enormous sarcophagus, 40 foot long,
20 feet wide and about 8 feet deep,
which has becomo detached from tho
wall and celling and rests on what ap
pear to bo its Btono trestles Its weight
is estimated at 2,000 tons, and It rivals
In size tho eelobrated blocks of Baal
bee In Syria.
By tho burning of chemical fires
many singular and beautiful effects
aro produced by tho guides in the varl
oub rooms and galleries of tho cavo
Ono of tho beautiful sights Is to bo
found in tho Star Chamber, a hall 70
foot wldo, CO high and 000 long. Tho
lofty colling Is coated with black gyp
sum, studded with thousands of white
fci&itf!!xiis&.
P
rocs
RE
1EII1G
EIO
TRADE
WNER
Federal Department Discards
Sounding for Dragging Sys
tem to Root Up Obstacles.
ImW mSKm 1118
ARE DIFFICULT TO LOCATE
A Pinnacle Rock Is Like an Undersea
Dagger to a Ship Legal Impor
tance of Having Dangerous Rocks
Charted Cannot Bo Overestimated.
"Violet City') i-iaw-ioth Cavc
more of tho aurfaco wator drained Into
them through tho sink holes, and as
Green river cut its bed decpor into tho
limestono underlay tho cavo watorB
kept pace with .tho procoss until what
had onco been moro subterranean rills
grow into that rcmarkablo under
Kround stream which is responsible
for tlio lmmonfllty of tho cave's devel
opment, Echo rivor. This stream now
llows through tho lowest lovols of tho
cavo, no Icsb than 195 feet below tho
highest lovel, and empties into Green
river.
Entrance Is Plcturesquo.
Tlio cuvo Is reached by means of a
branch railway from a small station on
tho Louisville & Nashville railroad
called Glasgow Junction, about ninety
miles' south of Loulsvillo. This spur
tI tho railroad was built to accommo
Unto tho thousands of tourists who
visit this natural wonder during all
seasons of tho year. Eight and a half
miles from tho junction tho railway
stops closo to a picturosquo old hotel,
portions of which wore built early In
tho nineteenth contury.
Tho hotel 1b located on a bluff di
rectly over tho main portion of tho
cavo, tho ontranco to wnicn is reaction
by moans of a pathway leading down
Into n -wild and rocky ravino In a prl
racval forest. At tho foot of tho bluff.
In tho nildBt of a plcturesquo tanglo of
tulip, mnplo and butternut treos, in a
Betting of grapevines, fringing foms
and green mosses, is this entrance
formed by a. natural arch having a
span of 70 foot. From a frowning ledgo
abovo loapB a cascado of wator which
disappears among tho rocks below
without leaving a vlalblo stream.
A winding Aleut ot 70 stone stops
conducts tho visitor around tho cas-
IODINE A FINE ANTISEPTIC
Cleveland Writer Tells of Excellent
Results Which Fallowed Its Appli
cation In His Case.
spots caused by tho ofllorescenco of
tho sulphate of magnesia.
Among tho many deep abysses per
haps tho most interesting is what is
called tho Bottomless Pit. For many
years no ono dared to venturo to cross
this dangerous chasm, but. In 1840 a
guldo throw a long, slondor codar treo
across Its black dopths and discovered
a now portion of the cavo. SInco then
a bridge has been constructed over It,
and it has boon found that tlio abyss Is
really only 105 foot deep. Oim enlarge
ment of tho cavo is known us Revel
lers' Hall, and hero tables and bonches
nro provided and visitors may enjoy a
banquet down In tho dark doptlis in n
magnificent banquot hall largo enough
to scat a thousand people.
Among tho many marvols of the cave
porhaps no no is moro beautiful than
tho magnificent passageway known as
Cleveland's avonue, oxtonding n dis
tance of nearly two miles, spanned by
an arch of GO feet nnd having an aver
ago central height of about ton feet.
From end to end this nvonuo It en
crusted with tho most beautiful foi na
tions of a thousand varied shapes. Ilia
baso of tho wholo Is sulphato llnio,
soma partB of dazzling whttcness aid
porfectly smooth and In othor places
crystallized Into forms of beautiful
flowers, leaves and wreaths. In the
dickering light of the torches tho walls
and colling soein to bo covcrod with
diamond roses, camollaa, chrysanthe
mums and all tho dctlcato Moral bea'i
ties ot a botanist's paradise. Ono f
tho great chamboru Is known as the
Temple, having au area of about five
acres covered by a slnglo donio ol
solid rock 120 feet high; another,
Known as Lucy's dome, Is over 300
feot high and CO feet In dlametor.
sign of infiammallon nppearod, and
48 hours later it had healed, thero he
ing only n small, healthy scab to mark
tho placo of ontranco ot tho Knife..
Cleveland Loador.
On tho day that Carranza was recognized as president of Mexico by tho
United States and tho Latin-American republics, Mexican bandits derailed a
train near Brownsville, Tox., and robbed tho passongors, murdering sovoral
who resisted. Among tho dead and wounded wcro United States soldiers.
Tho plcturo shows tho wrecked train and United States soldiers on guard.
to intercept anything which would rise
high onough from tho bottom to bo a
navigation danger, and as long as tho
lloats on tho surface drag along with
out going undor tho motor boats chug
away on their courso.
But nt tho first dip of tho floats, any
whoro along tho surface lino, tho mo
tor boats stop, for tho -disappearance
of the lloatB indicates tho wire under
water has struck a snag. If tho snag
Is found to be a rock, Its distance from
tho surfaco Is ascertained and Its locn
tlon Immediately charted. Then tho
wire Is disengaged, the motor boats
nro started again and tho dopartmont
"snag fishers" aro off after another
"catch."
Tho dopartment, in a bulletin re
cently Issued, admits that the most
certain way to locate a pinnacle rock
Is to let a ship striko one. This effort,
however, is admittedly dangerous to
the passengers and extremely oxpen
slvo to tho owners of tho boat, particu
larly If tho rock Is struck at night. In
the old days pinnacle rocks were not
half the menaco thoy are today.
Boats wero not built so largo In
thoso days and there wero not so
many linos ot coastwlso stoamcrs run
ning. Thoso coast steamers have n
regular courso up and down tho coast,
and they hold to their courso so true
that they may pass a pinnacle rock
at very closo quarters for years with
out knowing of Its existence.
Wire-Drag System.
The now wired rag system Is the
only system which will definitely and
certainly establish tho danger or free
dom of a certain marlno locality for
Bhips. Tho legal Importance of having
all dangoroua rocks noted on govern
ment charts cannot bo overestimated.
The chart is very often tho means of
fixing responsibility for a marine dis
aster, either in merchant servlco or
In tho navy. Tho captain, accused of
negligence in the navigation of his ves
sel after having struck an obstruction
of some kind, may plead that tho ob
struction wa3 not noted on tho shart.
Tho Is particularly true when tho
vessel succeods in gottlng off before
tho locality can bo definitely ascer
tained and tho statements of tho cap
tain verified or disproved. As tho
wholo purposo ot licensing navigators
is to mako marine travel safe for pas
sengers and property, It is essential
that tho plea of uncharted rooks bo
made as unlenablo as possible.
Tho cost of wire-drag work, consid
ering the valuo of tho results obtained,
is not regarded as oxcesslvo. The cost
ot dragging the New England coast
ranges anywhere from $125 to $175 por
squaro mllo, whllo tho work of chart
ing tho waters of Florida In the vicin
ity of Key West runs much higher.
Hero It cost3 from $450 to $G00 a
squaro mile.
A striking illustration of tho efficacy
of iodine as an antiseptic was had by
tho editor Of tUtS page "u uuiur uu).
A pointed knifo which ho had used for
all sorts.of dirty work, such ub clean
iiiB out pipes and scraping blots off
naner. ran into tt floshy part of tho
imlm of his hand nt tho base of tho
thumb Us point wont In almost half
an inch A deep, punctured wound
made by a dirty iwrnu i uuuui u uu
gerous a loulon as it Is posslblo to
I.EIYC.
Suaktng tho wound, ho wont to a
druEEist nnd aflkod him to touch it
with como iodino. Holding tho punc
ture open, tho drugglflt lot a drop of
tincture or iodino fall from a cork Into
tho wound. It dried in a mlnuto and
bo pS no further attention to it. put
Jb no -bandage? of adhesive plaster
over it nnd continued using his hand
as Usual.
8parcrlbs.
In tho domestic department of a
newspaper wo find a reclpo tor stuffed
sparorlbs. Wo didn't read It. Any.
body who thinks ho can lmprova
sparorlbs by stuffing them Is mentally
deranged, Sparorlbs are porfoct In
their own right. Tho idoa of putting
anything In them to Improvo tholr
tasto is on a lovol with patntlrg tho
Illy. In overy really great food thoto
Is a far-away, indeflnlto tasto, as
droamtul and divine as tho nectar of
hcavon that tho soul sips nt. The
aparorlb has It, and tho man or worn
an who monkoyB with that ineffable
savor should bo sontonced to a diet
ot hash. A sparerlb Is in a class by
Itsolt, and Is endowed by naturo will
a delight ot ita own, It cannot bo Iru
proved. It was created porfoot It l
sacrilege to doubt its excellence or to
question uro-emluouce.-'Ohio Stuti
Washington. If an aviator flew over
Now York some dark night, plumbing
for tho Woolworth tower with an or
dinary sounding line, ho'd havo just
as much chnnco of locating tho build
ing as tho hydrographlc experts of the
department of commorco havo in locat
ing pinnacle rocks from ten to thirty
feot under the surfaco of tho water by
using tho same method. Accordingly,
tho department Is no longer "sound
Ing" for plnnaclo rocks; It Is "drag
ging" for them.
Plnnaclo rocks aro ono of tho grav
est menaces to navigation that oxist
In the coastal waters of tho United
States. Now England has tho most
abundant crop of any locality and the
coast of that section Is probably tho
hardest to chart of any American
coast. With tho now "drag" method
In operation, however, charting of pln
naclo rocks Is becoming an easy matter.
Not only Is a plnnaclo rock oxtromo
ly dangerous to navigation, but It is
extremely difficult to locate A pln
naclo rock Is exactly what Its namo
Implies. It Is a tall, rocky plnnaclo
which rises straight from tho bottom
of tho ocean and ofton tho aroa of its
top surfaco would not bo ten squaro
yards. When a vessel strikes ono.
though, a plnnaclo rock Is llko nothing
so much as an undersea dagger.
Speed Was the Thing.
Years ago, whon tho coastB of tho
United States woro first charted, It
was nocessary to mako as much apeed
as possible and cover tho greatest pos
slblo territory In tho shortest posslblo
tlmo. Under such conditions the
plumbing of coastal localities with n
sounding lino and tho determination of
shoals by consideration of tho general
characteristics of tho locnllty woro
necossary, but theso surveys loft many
uncharted pinnacles behind, to bring
dlsastor to ships later on.
Thoy toll a story of a plnnaclo rock
Incident that occurred on ono of
Peary's trips to Greenland, back In
tho into nlnotlos. Penry'a ship was
holding u straight courso for Green
land, but owing to tho cloudiness of
tho weather a lookout was posted. The
routlno of tho ship was suddenly dis
turbed by tho cry ot the lookout:
"Breakers dead ahead!" Tho helms
man spun his wheel and tho ship
heeled sharply to port, Just In tlmo to
escape a sunken rock which was about
i throo feet undor wator. Had It not
boon for tho lookout Peary might
never havo reached tho polo.
Tho dopartmont of conimorco has
boon awnro for a long tlmo of tho lack
of authentic charts ot many portions
of tho American coast, and the danger
ot plnnaclo rocks was tho real reason
why tho old plumbllno system wnB dis
carded for tho wire-drag method,
which Is very much similar to tho old
fashioned solne.
A lino Is run botwoon two motor
boats, sovoral hundred yards apart
This lino Is supportod on tho water by
floats, but suspended from It aro othor
Hues, all attached to a long wlro, un
dor water, which is hold down by
weights. Tho wlro undor wator cor
responds oxactly to tho lower edgo of
a solno.
Motor Boats Active.
Tho motor boats aro started farward.
kooplng an oven dlstanco apart Tho
bottom wlro io far onough undor wator
Kindness Mo Her Rule, but She Can
Give Lesson When Necessary
Has Her Own Training
Field.
Philadelphia. In a field near
Swnrthmoro collcgo n girl who is be
lieved to ho tho only woman horso
breaker in tho world goes quietly
about lior daily business of taking
tho temper out of half wild equities.
No ono is thero to see, but it Is a show
that has all tho exciting features of
a broncho exhibition, with tho added
Intorest that tho "buster" Is n slender
llttlo woman.
Miss Betty Brown, tho woman
horsebrcakcr, says sho took up tlio
business becauso sho know llttlo about
anything but horses. For two years
MIsb Brown was a trainer for a Now
York firm.
Besides taking unbroken horses bo
longing to dealers nnd training them
for saddlo or harness, Miss Brown
buys ill-tomporcd animals on her own
account nnd by special treatment
makes them fit for a child to rido.
"Thero is usually a reason for a
horso being vicious," sho said, from
her seat, cross-saddlo on a splondid
thoroughbred.
"Tnko tho caso of this maro. I
bought her for a song bocauso her
owner could do nothing with her. I
traced her history and found sho had
been nttached to a racing stablo whero
a lot of half-grown boys used her for
Joy rides around tho track. Tho con
sequence was that a good maro was
almost hopelessly spoiled by a lot of
frollcsomo young fellows who would
yank her out of tho Btnblo at all hours,
and beat hor and rldo her with or
without a saddlo at tho fastest gait
thoy could got out of her.
"Naturally the maro became pos-i
sesscd of tho Idea that all men wero
born enomies and every chance she
got she tried to protect herself or get
oven with her tormentors. They re
plied In kind, and tho last gleam of
good-natured intelligence was soon
beaten out of her.
"Tho fact Is sho is a splendid maro,
and If I can but bring back her origi
nal sweetness of temper and undo the
havoc done by that pack of boys 1
shall bo ablo to sell her for $1,000
easily. If I cannot do thit. sho will
still bo worth moro than I gave for
hor. She is qulto untrustworthy now,
and it will bo a long fight to bring hor
around, but I think I shall vin.
"I depend upon kindness and firm
ness rather than tho whip to achlovo
results. You sec, I do not even wear
spurs. A horso responds moro read
ily to masterful kindness than to bru
tal ill treatmont.
"But sometimes It is necessary to
uso drastic measures. Tho worst caso
I can remember was a horso that per-
BlBtently throw himself. No sooner
would I bo in tho saddlo than this ill
mannered bruto would up in tho air
and flop ovor.
"It takes skill and agility for a
rider to avoid injury when a horso,
without warning, throws himself on
tho ground. Ono has to disengage
ono's self without a second's delay
or a nasty bump is likely to result.
"Well, I stood thi3 horse's antlce
for a few times and then decided thai
a sharp lesson was needed. I throw
him and throw him hard. This was
repeated until ho got it firmly Into
his head that throwing was a punish
ment and not a pnstlmo. When he
learned that, ho was a good horso.
"It's Interesting work. I vary it by
teaching riding, but I llko horsobrcak
Ing best. Thero Is a certain amount
of risk about It, but I havo never been
hurt My natural quickness has saved
mo at critical times."
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Will lr )W'
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Thc Famous Sturcs Uros, Harness t
If they Don't Have Them, write or call on 1
!n iney jloii i nave incni, write or can on
Sturges Bros., 4ii Pearl St., Sioux (Jity, la.
Fields & Slaughter Co.
DEALERS IN
Grain., Feed, Flour, Hay atxd. Coal
Fred J. Parker, Manager
Phono No. 4 Dakota City, Nehr.
Westcott's Undertaking
Parlors
Auto Anibulauce
Old Phone, 42G New Phone 2007
Sioux City, Iowa.
Abstracts of Till
3 A $10,000 Surety Bond Guarantees the accuracy
of every Abstract I make.
! J. J. EIMEHS, Bonded Abstractor.
O Successor to the DAKOTA COUNTY ABSTRACT CO.
crtgcBt
o camajp esuws
tTOrTnnM-.n.wrt-lv.apK-gnywrTr11
SUFFRAGE CAMPAIGN1 LEADER
V.s. ' Sfi
HAS A FAMILY OF TWINS
Man at Sablnat, Tex., Is tho Father
of Seven Children, All Under
Seven Years.
San Antonio, Tex. T. A. Patterson
of Snblnal, who claims tho champion
ship for twins in Texas, was a visit
or in San Antonio rocently.
Mr. pattorson is tho father of threo
sets of twins out ot sovon children,
nono of whom is yet soven years old.
Tho oldest aro a boy and a girl, Al
lison Burton and Dcrtlo, six years
old.
The next In ago- aro twin girls,
Sarah Etello and Hattlo Alico, four,
and tho youngest twins aro a boy and
a girl, Durdetto and Dernico, four
months old. The othor is a girl, Alllo
May, throo yoarb old.
I Licensed Embalmer Lady Assistant j
Ambulance Service 1
Wir. F. IDicJkarvsorv 1
415 Sixth Street I
Xuto847i Sioux City, Iowa
l 1 he year I V I o SSSfW ll
will be crowded with illj I
! the very best reading in g 'i
ThAlraiiKc fWmwniAn I
j 9 Great Serials
Mrs Norman Do It. Whltohouso was
ono of tho loadors in tho recent suf
frage campaign In Now York, Not
withstanding tho defeat at tho elec
tion, Mrs. Whltohoubn oxpreBsos un
bounded faith in tho ultnnato victory
ot tho cause.
GHASTLY SCENE ON BATTLEFIELD NEAR MEAUX
Pnrls. "It was as though somo
blight from heaven had descondod
upon tho Gorman ranks, smothering
thorn in an ombraco of death," declared
a mombor of tho American branch of
Urn Rei' Cross, who returned to Pnrls
ahor a visit to tho battloflold near
Meaux. Ho had gono with nn nnibu
uuco to collect wounded soldlors.
"I uw tronohoa filled with Gorman
'aad, Just us they had boen left by tho
vouch kuub, It v.wj not so much the
moro sight ot death that was so ap
palling; it was the outlandish postures
of thoso rigid corpses and tho look
upon tho facos. Binco tho angel ot
deatli passed abovo tho camp of tho
Philistines I am sure nothing llko It
has boon seen.
"Dawn was Just breaking as I came
upon tho trenches whore tho fighting
had boen bloodiest. Tho gray light
roBtcd upon a ghostllko sceno. Clus
ters ot corpses, with rigid arms and
82,500 MILES IN ONE MILE
Steam Pleasure Boat on Small Michi
gan Lake Travels Record In
Small Circle.
Grand Itaplds, Mich. The Mnjor
Watson, a steam pleasuro boat operat
ed on Heed's lako, near this city, has
a distinction not possessed by any
other boat. Although it has travolod
moro than 82,500 miles, It has never
beon moro than a mllo In a direct line,
from tho spot whore It was built.
Tho boat has been In operation for
25 years. It makes trips around tho
lako, which has a clrcumferenco of
moro than threo miles, running flvo
months overy yenr. This gives a total
mlleago of 82,500.
legs protruding, filled tho bottom
Along tho rim, with rlflo to shoulder
and head bent along tho barrel, stood
a lino of dend. They died as they
stood upon tho firing line.
"It was a ghastly sight. Upon tlie
facos of many wero no expressions of
fright or horror. Hxcopt for tho glaze
of death In tho eyes, ono would no
havo guessed that their souls Lav
passed tho boundary of otorulty.
Nevor havo I seen anything so terriblt
ns that erect, silent company of ntlt
flgureB In tho chill dawr "
CUT THIS OUT
and send it (or tho name of this paper)
with $2.00 for The COMPANION
for 1916, and we will send
rnrr ah tho t.ucsof the com.
r IVL.C PANION for tho remaining
vrsekt of 1915.
I7RFF THE COMPANION HOME
I rVCC CALENDAR for 1916.
TI4PM The 62 WoeMy Uue of
lMLaN THECOMPAN10Nforl916.
2S0 Short Stories
Rare Articles, Nature and Science,
Exceptional Editorial Pape, Family
Page, Boys' Page, Girls' Page, Chil
dren's Page. AU ages liberally
provided for.
Twice as much as any magazine
gives in a year. Fifty-two times
a year not twelve.
Send to-day to The Youth's Com
panion, Boston, Mass., for
THREE CURRENT ISSUES -FREE.
SUBSCRIPTIONS RECEIVED AT THIS OFFICE
I Have Taken the Agency and Will Be On the Road
FOR
U 1 1
Koch's
Remedies
i3 Extracts, Spices, Etc. $
Will make regular calls on all my former and pros
pective customers in Dakota County, the Kast
Half of Dixon Countv and the North Half of
Thurston County, and hope for the same cordial
business relations as existed heretofore.
J. P. ROCKWELL
Dakota City, Nebraska
Mail Orders will be given Prompt and Careful Attention
pqivrprrtt
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