DAKOTA COUNTY HERALD; DAKOTA CITY, NEBRASKA.
SMILE BRINGS CUSTOM
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DESIGNS FOR UNINSULATED ICEHOUSE!
LEASANT FACE ALWAYS AN AS
SET IN BUSINESS.
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HI3 turkey is truly an Ameri
can bird. It existed on tills
continent with tho Indians
boforo Columbus landed Only
a few 'years ago among tho
raves of Arizona tho mum
milled l cumins of a turkey
wore found. Practically every
cave once occupied by tho cliff
dwollora of that region con
tained tho bonos or fcathor3
of tho turkoy, but this speci
men is Intact. Its age Is a
matter of speculation amont tho scientists of tho
National museum, whoio tho spoclmo.i Is on exhi
bition. Another Interesting fact in this same connec
tion resulted from a scientific expedition which
Dr. 0. Hart Mcrriam mado among tlio mountains
of Arizona; ho canio across a living species of
bird ldontlcal with tho ono found mummified
and which is now known to tho scientific world
by his namo.
Another rocont discovery in connection with
tho turkoy waB a Maya hieroglyphic. This ploco
of parchment shows a grocer's account in which
aro mentioned, with other things, ton turkoy hens
and flvo turkoy cocks. TuIb Is thought to bo tho
llrst record of tho turkoy In this country and
antedates tho expedition of Cortes to Mexico In
151U.
IJut tho turkoy goos back farther among tho
IndianB than oven tho probablo dato at which
tho Specimen found In tho cavo existed. Among
tho Zunls, for Instance thero exist many logonds,
handed down from tlmo immemorial, which havo
for their BUbJect tho turkey.
Tho turkoy plays a moro important part in the
Ufo of tho Indian than in his legends nlono. Not
only Is it regarded as a choice artlclo of food,
but In many tribes It Is held sacred. In tho parts
of tho country whero tho turkoy was worshiped
with that curious dovotlon to animals which
characterizes different stages In tho dovolopmcnt
from savagery to civilization It was never eaten
except when other food was unobtainable. And
oven then separate portions uero divided among
various trlbea so that tho religious custom would
not bo violated.
Turkoy feathers rank next In importance to
thoBo of tho eaglo with oil tribes, whllo tho
Apaches, tho Pamunkoys and Choyennes choso
tho turkoy's feathois for all corcmonlal head
dresscB and ornaments, Tho Pamunkoy trlbo
also used turkoy feathers for ornamental pur- .
poses on tholr clothing, as well oh for.lhclr head
Kcar, To this day, when they don tholr native
costumes, tho turkey feather la preferred as orna
inunt. If Benjamin Franklin's words had boon heeded
tho turkey would havo been tho national bird of
tho United States. Tho caglo is a llrst cousin to
tho species I nown of old In tho eastern hemis
phere Furthormoro, It has appeared upon tho
banners of many nations. It was a Bymbol of the
Roman dmpl'o. It was known In China for ages,
and today It appears upon tho banners of Hussla,
Germany and soveral other nations.
Tho turkoy, how over. Is Indigenous to Amorlca.
When the early European adventurers aiufset
tiers arrived they beheld great Hocks of turkeys,
and It soon becamo known that thoy wore a
favorlto food among tho Indians. Aftor a whllo
turkeys woro proudly sent homo as trophies of
tho chaso. In this way tho turkoy becamo prac
tically a wor,ld-favorlto as a food.
When Cortes. In 1519. ascended to tho plateau
of Mexico, ho found a social Ufo dovelopcd to u
high degree. of rollnemunt. Ho was entertained
with omental ruagnlllccnco. All tho delicacies
to bo found within tho empire wero sot before
Mm: and though gamo was abundant, tho turkoy
hold tho place of honor among tho fowl. This
was tho llrst tlmo that the Spaniards had eaten
turkey, uiid tho experience proved a most satis
fying ono.
Thoy nlpo saw tho great tamo flocks of tho
birds, in fact, slnco prehistoric tlmos tho turkoy
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has boon domesticated and raised for markot.
Today, In Mexico, many of tho quaint customs
then in voguo uro still kept alive. And so It Is
that tho purchaser of today .may select his cholco
of a fowl In tho village street. Or, if ho prefers,
tho vender will bring It nllvo to his door for In
spection, fresh from tho farm.
North of tho Itlo Grando tho turkoy was equally
well known and treasured. Tho colobratod expe
dition of Coronado, between 1527 and 1517, pene
trated this unoxplored region west of tho Missis
sippi. His explorations woro chiefly in what Is
today Toxus, Arizona and Now Mexico, tho homo
of tho cllff-dwclllng Indians of tho Southwest. In
all tho Indian villages, uccordlng to thoso early
oxplorors, turkeys wore to bo found, both wild
and domesticated.
From America tho turkoy has spread to bo a
world favorlto. Hut tho fact that today tho tur
key Is considered a delicacy In so many lands is
duo to human agencies, and not 'to tho turkoy
itself. Slow of movement and dellborato both
In beginning flight and In tho cholco of Its alight
ing, tho turkey unaided would novor havo becomo
known outsldo Its native habitat.
Cortes, In ono of his famous letters written
about 1518, mentions the turkoy. He carried
specimens of tho bird to Spain In 1D20, where
thoy caino into immediate popularity, and tho
breeding of turkoys soon became established. It
was then that tho turkoy becamo known nB
"pavos," on account of his relationship to tho
peacock, which was then called "pavo real" tho
fowl cf kings.
It was a long tlmo boforo tho turkoy i cached
Franco, as far as can bo learned from history,
for tho first turkoy eaten thoro was at tho wed
ding of Cluules IX and Ellzaboth of Austria,
Juno 27, 1G70, or DO years after Spain had llrst
tasted tho bird. Tho turkoy supplied for tho
woddlng camo from "somowhore In tho American
wilderness."
Its introduction into England seems to have
boon In 1521. Hut, whenever it was, it soon camo
into popular favor and was given such locSl
names as Hlacjc Norfolk and Largo Cambridge.
It Is an Interesting fact that theso descendants
of tho parent stock woro carried back again
across tho Atlantic ocean to Now England, whero,
crossed with tho original turkoy already thoro,
thoy began tho breed that has spread from ono
end of tho country to tho other.
.As In thlB country, tho turkey has como to bo
looked upon elsowhoro as a holiday feast attrac
tion. In tho early colonial days turkoys wero still
alJundant in Massachusetts, tho rest of Now Eng
land, Maryland, Virginia, tho Carollnas and
Florida; whllo In tho last named states tho tur
koy Is still found ns a natlvo wild fowl, although
in greatly decreased numbers.
Hut a short distance from Richmond Is a small
Island Inhabited by a trlbo of Indians, tho Pamun-
keys. They aro part of the Powhatnns, and un
dor an old colonial treaty they pay no taxes asm
havo their own government They must, how
over, send to the govnrnor of Virginia each yc.
a gift of gamo or fi I. and very often this giti
takes tho form of soveral largo, plump turkeys
Many havo been tho explanations mado as tr
how the bird now so popular at Thanksglvln
camo to bo called tho turkoy, most of which, t
tho true scientist, aro nothing but 'unclful On
such is tho explanation that It comes from th
East Indian vord "toka," which, in Hcbrow. take
tho form "tukkl," tho peacock. As the Jews It
South Europo were acquainted with this tow i
which is related, it is assumed that they naturally
applied the word to tho turkey wherever it wa
introduced into Spain, and that thereafter it wo
so called.
Such a loundabout way explanation, say thosi
who know, is entirely unnecessary. The bin
was called turkey because It was supposed to
como fiom Turkey, whoro It was known as ai
Egyptian hen. This, it is claimed, is merely in
accordanco with a habit very general In the bin
tccnth century. Whcuover now and strangf
things woro presented to an Ignorant pubU'
knowledge spread slowly, but superstition was
doop, and hearsay wa3 taken for truth. The mar
kots of Noith Europo received this fowl as com
ing from South Europe, directly or indirectly
from Turkoy.
In France, however, tho bird was called "din
don," or In tho femlnlno "dindo," ns though It
were tho fowl d'Inde from India. The Mexican
namo for tho bird is "huajoloto," which scientists
claim, indicates tho old Aztec knowledge of tho
turkoy.
But whatever dlsputo has arisen as to the
name of tho turkey, tho fact yet lem'ains that the
tutkoy Is indigenous to America Although
scientists bcllevo It is possible that thoro was a
species, tho oilglnal of tho present turkey, In
dlgcnouB to tho West Indian Islands. It Is generally
conceded that all turkoys havo descended in some
way or other from tho three foims known today
as tho North American, tho Moxlcan and thu
Honduras, tho ocellatcd varieties.
Tho Mexican turkey is found wild throughout
tho republic. It Is short In shank, with featheis
on Its body of a metallic black shaded only slight
ly with bronzo, whllo all Its fcathors are tipped
with whlto. This appears to bo tho species llrbt
taken to Spain and other European countries.
It Is thought that tho whito markings of tho
variety of domestic turkoy known today as the
Nnrragansctt como from this species.
Tho Houduras turkey today Is scattered all
over most of Central America and Is extremely
wild. It has a freer flight than its cousins of tho
North. Tho head and neck of this til id nro naked.
Tho ground color of tho plumage is a beautttut
bronzo green, banded with bold bronzo, bluo and
red, with bandB of brilliant black. This bird,
howover, cannot bo bred successfully nor domes
ticated away from its natlvo habitat, whllo even
thoro It can hardly bo successfully domesticated.
Tho bronzo turkoy. that variety which today
holds tho place of honor in tho North American
group of turkoys, Is outdono by none when it
comes to beauty or size.
In tho United States thoro nro six stnndaid
varletios recognized and grown. Thoy aro tho
bronzo, Narragansott, buff, slato, whlto and black.
Tho chief differences nro in size and color of
plumage. Tho bronzo and Narragansott nro the
largest, tho buff and slato medium, while tho
whlto ami black nre tho smallest. Within into
years, howover, tho whlto variety has reached
such a point of popularity that It has Increased
in size, until with so mo dealers It occupies third
place
Whutovor tho turkoy may havo missed through
falling to nccuro that placo of honor suggested
for It by Benjamin Franklin as tho nntlonal bird
it has nevertheless found n place In tho leganl
of tho American peoplo which Is hold by no otliur
fowl.
Experiments Also Have Shown That
Joy Stimulates All tho Bodily
Functions, Especially the Cir
culation of Blood to Brain.
Thero is a Chinese proverb which
should bo momorlod rnd taken to
heurt by every young man Marling on
n business career, says II. Aldington
Bruce. r
It Is short air easily rcmembertd.
Hero it is:
"A man without a smiling face must
not open a shop."
Applied specifically to tho business
of shopkeoplng the llttlo proverb may
bo applied with equal forco to olmogt
every vocation In which a man
can engage.
In ono particularly Interesting set
of experiments a man was required to
press a spring until fatigue paiulyzcd
his linger. This was repeated at in
tervals In order to determine definite
ly tho average number of pressures
ho could make at a single sitting.
Then ho was required to press tho
spring whllo thinking of something
extremely sad.' At onco his average
pressure power was noticeably low
ered. Whereas when he allowed his mind
to dwell on exceptionally pleasing
thoughts ho was able to press tho
spring far oftoncr than when his mind
was occupied with nothing in par
ticular. Other experiments havo proved that
Joy stimulates all the bodily func
tions and stimulates especially the
circulation of blood In the brain, with
resultant Improvement in tho ability
to think rapidly and clearly.
Accordingly joy mu3t be icgarded
as a body builder and mind developer
of tho fiist order. If only for thl3
reason the man about to engage in
business should cultivate tho habit of
happiness.
But joy does moro than this. If It
is a tonic 'hat helps a man to carry
on his business moio efficiently, it is
also a magnet that draws to him
moro business wherewith to demon
strate his efficiency.
Everybody is attracted by a smil
ing face, and especially by tho smil
ing faco that speaks eloquently of
inward joy and self-confidence. Every
body is repelled by the gloomy coun
lennnco that tcstlties to self-distrust,
and hints at present or expected fail
ure. In tho one case peoplo unconscious
ly say to themselves:
"Hero Is a forceful, capable, genial
ollow. It will be pleasurablo and safe
o do business with him. Ho can evi
lently make good his promises."
In tho other case tholr unconscious
jommont is:
"Thero is something wrong with
his man. Best keep away."
Gloom, to put it tamely. Is a mar
velous business killer Joy is an
qually marvelous business winner.
Exchange.
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Pole Icehouse Uninsulated Fig. 1.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Soveral typical designs of farm ico
houses which dairymen may find eco
nomical havo been prepared by tho
dairy division of tho United States de
partment of agriculture. Men of ex
perience often havo different opinions
regarding tho exact details In tho con
struction of such buildings, but it is
bolioved that if tho instructions and
designs given are followed satis
factory results will bo obtained.
Pole lechoune Uninsulated.
Floors To consist of 12 Inches of
coarse gravel tamped into placo as
shown in drawing
Walls Set up posts about three feet
centers, as indicated on drawing, ex
tending three feet in tho giound, and
capped by a plate made up of two
pieces of 2x4. Shcalho tho Inside with
one-inch boards. Tho posts and boards
below tho ground lino should be treat
ed with somo preserving compound.
Cflling No ceiling is provided
Roof Tho samo typo of roof may bo
employed as with tho framed houses.
Doors A door may bo provided by
cutting out tho boards between two
posts in tho end of tho Iiouso and clos
ing tho samo by placing short boards
across tho opening on the lnsldo and
packing sawdust against them to hold
them in place.
Drainage Drainago to bo provided
for by sloping the floor toward tho
center of the house so that tho water
Notre Dame de Lorette.
Out boyond tho wood, on tho hill
side, in tho communication trenches
and other trenches, wo were enabled
to comprehend tho true significance
of that phrase uttered so carelessly by
newspaper readers Notre Damo do
Loretto.
The whole of tho ground was In
heaps. There was no spot, literally,
on which a shell had not burst. Vege
tation was qulto at an end. Tho shells
seemed to have sterilized tho earth.
Thero was not a tree, not a bush, not
a blade of any sort, not a root. Even
tho rankest weeds refused to sprout
In tho perfect desolation And this
was tho Incomparable soil of Franco.
Tho trenches meandered for miles
through tho pitted brown slopes, and
nothing could bo seen from them but
vast incumbrances of barbed wire
knotted metal heaped on tho unyield
ing earth. ... I noticed a few
bricks In tho monotonous expanse of
dwarf earth mounds mado by shells.
"Hollo!" I said. "Was theio a cot
tage horo?"
No! What I had discovered was tho
Illustrious chapel of Notro Dame de
Lorotto.
will tend to run to tho center. A ditch
is dug as indicated and filled with
gravel and small Btone3. This ditch
is led outsldo to a suitable point, whero
thero Is a sufficient fall to carry away
tho water. If advisable a three-inch
porous drain tilo may bo provided as
shown for tho uninsulated framo
house. This drain should bo properly
trapped, however, to prevent tho en
trance of warm air. A
Framed Icehouse Uninsulated.
Floor To consist of 12 inches of
coarse gravel tamped into place as
shown in drawing.
Walls On a 2xl0-inch mud sill place
CxC-lnch sills. Set up 2x4-Inch stri!s
spaced about 2 feet ccnteis, and on the
inside of these nail 1-inch boards. The
studding to bo capped by a 24-inch
plato as Indicated. The mud sills and
sills should bo treated with creosote.
Celling No ceiling is provided. tr"
Roof Tho samo tjpe of roof may
be employed as in tho insulated framed
houso.
Doors A door may bo provided as
suggested for the polo icehouse.
Drainage To bo provided for by
sloping tho floor toward tho center of
tho houso so that tho water will tend
to run to tho center. A ditch is dug
as indicated and a 3-inch porous drain
tilo laid, being packed around with
small stones and gravel. Tho tilo
should be led outsido and efficiently
trapped to prevent tho entrance of
warm air.
. . . .. ' '.XV
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Framed Icehouse Uninsulated Fig. 2
FILL DITCHES AND GULLIES
METHODS FOR FEEDING MEAL
Country's Salt Consumption.
Most persons. If asked which wo use
tho moro of. salt or sugar, would prob
ably say sugar, but tho otaticlans nt
Washington figure that the por capita
consumption of salt In tho United
States last year was almost oxactly
100 pounds, and of sugar S9.ll. Tho
statement Is, however, somewhat mis
leading. No person could cat two
pounds of salt a week and expect to
llvo Much that is set down to tho
per capita consumption is really used
in curing meat and fish that later on
are exported, and In making pickles
and frcozlng Ico cream Wo consume
moro Ico cream than all tho rest of tho
world put together- Youth's Compan
Ion.
POSTSCRIPTS
Japan will build at Tokyo an astro
nomical observatory tho equal in size
and completeness of anything In tho
Unlt8dTtatcB or Europe.
An attachment has boon Invontcd to
bo snapped over Bkato runnors to per
mil a person to walk over tho ground
without removing Mb Bkatea
Flcctrlc locomotives havo beon built
for' a (Jorroau railroad having heavy
gradus that draw loads of 230 Ioub ul
r BPPt'4 of 42 miles on hour.
For retail dealers thero has been In
vented a machine that will tako coal
from a pllo and pour It Into bags for
handling at tho rata of 25 tons an hour.
Scarlet Fever and Milk.
Scarlet fever Is practically unknown
In tho tropics and doctors say this Is
hocauso bo llttlo fresh milk Is drunk
thoro. Tho streptococcus, which oc
curs in largo quantltlos In most raw
milk Is always present In scarlet fovor
and experts seo in that a cause and
offoct.
GATHERED-UP FACTS
Undor Biltlsh rulo nlono there ur
moro than 2S.000.000 dwollors in tho
tropics.
Experiments havo shown that paper
pulp enn bo economically mado from
tho Btnlks of tho mlllot that grows
prolitlcnlly in Manchuria.
Investigation In Gurmany has shown
that thu partrldgo oats tho seeds of
iiiuny noxious weeds und Insects do
structlvo to plant llfo, thereforo de
Borves protection.
VlcoConsul Caspar 1.. Drelur ,ot
Slngaporo notes thut cocoanut plant
ing is rapidly coming Into prominence
as n staple rathor than a subsidiary
industry tluou'jliout British North
Borneo.
Sponge Thrown at Him, Sues.
Leon Janow, who admits ho is
"woak and diminutive," had a bill to
collect from Solon l. Frank, 225 West
Twenty-third street, Now York. He
got word that Frank was in tho club
rooms of the Fulton club at Durland's
Riding academy, and went thoro to
collect.
"When I mado tho demand." Janow
allogos in a complaint ho filed In tho
supreme court against Frank, "tho de
fendant roared at mo, rushed nt mo,
kicked mo in tho thigL and throw a
sponge nt mo sovoral tlmos." After
tho spongo had been thrown at him,
Janow avers, ho had to go and boo a
doctor.
Ho wants $5,000 damages.
Stones Are" About Best Material for
Filling Depressions Water Is Per-
mltted to Drain Through.
(By It. I. THROCKMORTON, Kansas
Experiment Station )
The llttlo dltchos and gullies that
form on rolling farms grow rapidly if
neglected, and deep channels with
steep sides result. By stopping the
flow of tho water In theso small
streamlets with such material as straw,
brush and stones, they can bo made
gradually to fill themselves Such ob
structions cause tho soli to bo deposit
ed and tho ditch will be filled up back
of tho barrier. If measures are not
taken to prevent tho small depressions
on a Blopo from growing, they rapidly
enlarge in three directions, becoming
deopor, wldor and longer.
Tho best wny to stop up small
ditches and mako them fill up Is to
make a dam of stones. Stones are
about tho best material for this pur
pose, because thoy collect the sedi
ment and at tho samo time let tho wa
ter drain through, and a water holo
Is not formed.
When a ditch is very shallow, only
a few inchos deep, a board held in
placo with stakes in often sufficient
to stop further erosion. Straw is also
very good for theso shallow ditches.
It Is very effective in catching tho
soil, but Is sometimes washed out by
a hard rain. - Cornstalks aro oven Hot
ter than straw Brush can bo used,
too. but is hardly dense enough when
used alone. Straw and brush together
are hotter than cither alono. If ce
ment dams aro built, somo way must
bo provided for tho' water to get
through, or olso a pond will be formed
Comont dams aro really not worth tho
extra cost.
Practical Experience Has Shown That
It Is Most Economical to Mix
Meal With Ensilage.
, Tho plan for cutting tho fodder or
hay and mixing tho bran, millfced and
cornchop with it and feeding It mois
tened is proferablo, in oar opinion, to
any other mothod, says a writer in
Baltimoro American. By feeding meal
dry or mado into dough somo portion
of it will pass Into the fourth stomach
and escapo only partially digested. V
The plan of mixing tho meal with J?
water and making a thick slop is
preforablo to feeding it dry or in a
doughy state.
Tho meal then passes, as it does
when mixed with tho feed, Into tho
rumen or paunch, whence it is passed,
aftor undergoing rumination, into the
reticulum or second stomach, In a
condition fitted for perfect digestion
in tho third aud fourth stomachs and
the bowels.
If onsilago is fed, mix tho meal with
tho ensilage. This method of feeding
wo havo followed for a number of
years with milk cows and fattening
cattlo, and after careful tests, know
from practical oxperlcnco that It Is
tho most economical way to feed meal.
There Is no wasto of feed and a larger
quantity of milk may bo given.
To Clean Ceiling.
When tho celling abovo the gas jei
has bucomo darkened from hcul ,
smoke, apply a layer of starch und wu
ter with a piece of flannel Let It t'n
und then brush olT lightly wltL r
brush. No maik will remain.
Degeneration.
Smuggs "Say. Jlggs. Who aro
thoso three gontloiuon standing at
tho conservatory ontranco?" Jlggs
"Why, they represent three genera
tions Tho ruddy old man with tho
lino head of hair. Buggs tho Ihtn-, RIteruoon
haired ono noxt to him Is his son, and i
'.ho dissipated follow with the bald
ioad Is tho graudson." National
Monthly
Extra Care In Fall.
As eggs aro highest In price from
October to January, it is important
that tho fowls ho glvon extra atten
tion In fall and winter so they will
produco tho most eggs during this
porlod. On stormy days tho fowls
should bo kopt In tho houso. They
should bo fod throo times a day, In
tho morning, at noon and lato in tho
FEED FOR WEANING THE PIGS
Cool Place for Onions.
Store onions In a cool, well-aired
C0.
Plenty of Skim Milk, Fresh Pasture
and Grain Ration Are Necessary
for the Best Results.
After tho pigs havo beon weaned,
plonty of skim milk, fresh pasture and
a grain ration In addition aro neces
sary for best results. In no caso will
It bo found advlBablo to expect pigs
to mako profitable growth on pasture
alone. j
At tho ago of weaning the pig should
be making very rapid and his moat
profltablo growth. It takes DO por.
cont moro feed to put a pound dm
gain on a 150-pound pig than to put
a pound on ono weighing 40 pounds,
and 83 por cent moro feed for a 350
pound pig.
Keep tho pigs gaining whilo young
on pasture and lalry products, 11
availablo, always supplemented frith
a grain ration.