WHY THE COST OF OP
ERATING RAILROADS
HAS BEEN INCREASED
STRUGGLING AGAINST INCREASED COST OF LA
BOR, SUPPLIES, ETC., ON ONE HAND -RE-DUCED
RATES ON THE OTHER
Daring tbo last fow yours the advo
ontoa of govornmont ownership of
railroads have boon soruowlmt per
sistent in tho publio press mid the
matter is rcforrcd to hero, not with
any itloa of combatting this propagan
da, but merely that thn pcoplu may
brieily boo both sides of tho picture
Bo long as a lot of men wolcomo tho
wrecking of tbo railroads on tho the
ory that the govornmont will take them
over nnd that such a stato of af
fairs would bo preforablo to private
ownorship, it will bo impossible to
obtain from them a fair judgment of
tho latter system which now provails
in tho United Htates. It is impossible
to go into this great question at any
length at this time, but hero aro u
fow things worth thinking about.
Muoh has been said in rccont years
about tlio "water" coutuined iti Anion
can railroad sconrities. und. in this
connection tho valuation of tho gov
ernment owned railroads of Europo is
very interesting. In Gotmany tho
stato owned roads aro valued at
$114,185 per milo, in Austria at $120,
G92, in Hungary at $09,210, in Italy at
$I2G,880, in Belgium at $190,914, in
Switzerland at $102,950, in Itoumania
fit $90,113, in Japan at$88,104, in Now
South Wales at$71,391 while tho pri
vately owned lines of tho United
States, regardless of what water may
have boon forcod into them in specific
instances, are valued at only
$03,944 por milo. Whatover inflation
may thoreforo havo been put into
their nronortios in tho iiaBt, tho fact
romains, that their presont valuation
is muoh lower than that of tho govern
ment owned railroads of Europo, and,
what is still moro important, tho rates
charged aro tho lowest and tho Borvico
rendered admidittedlv tho best in tho
world. It is also portiuent to remem
ber that tho oliargo of watorod stocks,
after all, oan be mado against but very
few Amorioan railroads tho lion's
share of them having been managed
without a breath of scandal or criti
cism. Iu this oonnootion, a statement con
tained in tho last annnal roport of tho
Dcutsoho Dank of Berlin, which has a
paid up capital and rcservo fund of
$75,000,000, is interesting: "Amoricau
railroads nood higher rates. Tho pres
ent ratos are tho lowest in tho world
representing but a fraction of the
English railway ratos, for instance
and this in tho faco of tho fact that
wages in tho Unitod States on tho ov
erage aro fully twioo as high as in
Europo." Oortainly this view of tho
privately owned lines of tho Unitod
States, coming from Germany, which
has tho most successful stato ownod
system of trunsporlatipn in tho world,
is worthy of gravo consideration.
In further confirmation of this state
ment wo quoto tho following statistics;
It oosts 7 mills per milo ou an avorago
to haul a ton of freight in tho United
States whilo in England it costs an
averago 2 83 cents, in Frunco 1.41
ounts and in Gormnny 1 42 cents. Tho
averago daily wages paid to Amorioan
railroad employes is $2.23, in Eng
land it is $1.35, in France 88 cents and
in Germany 81 conts. Aro American
railroads thoreforo entitled to tho
wholesnlo abuso and denunciation
which has boon hoapod npon them
from all sides in recent years?
Letting Well Enough Alone
In view of thoso faotB, tho avorago
citizen .any well ask himself whothor
itio not best to lot well onough alono
rathor than invito othor ills wo know
not of whothor it is not wiser to
euro such defects as may cnoumbor
tho present systom rathor than run'tho
dnngor of plunging this mighty indus
try into tho whirlpool of party politics
for all time, with its attendant oppor
tunity for evil of which tho past af
fords such rioh variety of ozporionoo.
Tho United States is still a young
country, and in many sootions only
partially dovolopod, Many now lines
und oitonsioDH aro noodod hero and
there to givo a wider opportunity to
expanding agrionltnro aud oommorco,
nnd nothing could bomorounfortunato
or disastrous than that thoso favors
oould hoaooforth bo obtained only by
loave of tho dominant politionl factions
which will reign at tho national capital
in tho years to como. Political parties
aro intensoly humun institutions, and
tho averago cautious citizen will pre
fer to loavo the railroad expansion of
tho fnturo to tho eoonomio law of sup
ply and demaud of tho difforent com
munities rather than to placo such a
tomptntlon for power in tho hands of
those who riso and fall in tho fiold of
polltios. Furthermore, should tho
timo over como when tho govornmont
takes ovor tho railroads, it means that
tuo peoplo will have to forogoo tho
millions of taxes which thoy now pay
und whioh holp to support tho publio
schools, publio highwujH and other
publio expenses ond that heuooforth
thoso millions of revonuo would havo
to como nut of tho pockets of tho
pooplo.
Many othor things could be said
upon this phase of tho question, but
spaoo forbids. For somo time, tho
government, through tho Interstate
Oommorco Commission, has boon on
gaged in making u physical valuation
of all our railroads as a mutter of
guidance for future rato adjustments.
Again, wo ropeat, since tho pooplo ab
solutely control aud rognlato tho rail
roads, is that not onough ? Will it not
bo better to lot well enough alone
to cling to that whioh is good and
elimiuato that which is bad in tho
present systom whioh, with nil that has
boon said against it, furnishes tho best
nnd cheapest transportation sorvico iu
tho world?
Increased Cost of Operation
Wo now wish to refer briefly to an
other phaso of tbo problem. For n
nnmbor of years tho cry of tho "high
cost of living" has been everywhere
abroad in the land, Timo was, not so
many years ago, when tho farmer sold
his corn at 25 cents per bushel, Now
it brings from 50 cents to 75 conts.
So, too, ho sold hogs at 8 cents per
pound, whioh now readily bring from
7 cents to 10 conts whilo a good steer
oalf, whioh used to bring from $10 to
$12, now sells for from $20 to $25. No
body wno knows anything about pres
ent laud values or the farmer's cost of
production wilt contond that ho is not
ontitlod to these increased pricos. Asa
mutter of fact, unless ho 1b hu exceed
ingly good manager and utilizes tho
best of modern agricultural thought he
is by no moans getting rich at presont
prices high as thoy may scorn to poo
plo in tlio cities who do not under
stand t.ocost nttnohed to present-day
farming. To gn back to the old prices
ho usod to receive would bankrupt, in
a little whilo overy farmer in tho
country and the tendonoy of tho fu
ture will be for the prims of farm
pioduoti to go still higher ruther than
lower. Agriculture is tho nations
greatest fundamental industry and so
ciety must mako tho farm garno hum
ciontly proiitablo to justify tho man
who is on tho farm today and tho far
mer boys of tho future to stay by tho
plow. Muoh has been said recently
uLout tho fact tliHt the farmer does
not receive enough for what ho pro
duces that there is too big a waste in
thoolmnneln through which his pro
ducts puss before they rtach the con
sumer, and thnt ho hhS conio cause foi
complaint in this respect is undoubt
edly true However, tho tailronds can
face suoh nn inquiry witli n clear con
science for nn exaiiMtive investiga
tion conducted by tho Lehigh Valley
Railroad some time tigo shows thut tho
farmer gets 50 cents out of the av
erage dollar's worth of pioduots he
stile; tho puckers, local shippers, dis
tributors and retailors got 41) cents
between thorn; whilo thu rniiroudH re
ceive only 5 cents, or oue-tweulieth of
tho dollur, for the transportation sor
vico they roudor.
So, too, there bus boi n u hteady ad
vance in practically the entire ictilm
of merchandise and manufuctured pro
ducts, whatever their niituro, and tho
ever increasing toll in the cost of
labor, steel products, lumber, cars, lo
comotives, and other supplies has lev
ied ii trlbuto of untold millions upon
tho rsilroudn, whioh havo not only
been forbidden lo iuoronse their rut is,
but, on thn contnirr, in uiany in
stances, compelled to lower tliem.
Dig Increased Cost of Labor
To givo tho reader an exact idea of
how the cost of labor has advanced iu
tho operation of rnilrouds wo quoto tho
following instances in tho daily wage
from 1900 to 1914 n period of unlj
fourtoen years: In tho onsn of engi
neers it increased from $3.G8 por day
to $5 70, or an iucrcriFo of 5C por cout;
firomon from $2,21 to $8 02, or G4 per
cout; conductors .from $3.31 to $4,83,
or 45 por cent;' station agbnts from
$1.98 to $2.10 or 9 por oent; othor
station men from $1.02 to $1.90 or 17
por cent; ordinary trainmen from $1.07
to$3.3G, or 70 por cent; machinists
from $2.72 to $3 52, or 29 por cent:
carpontors from $2 81 to $2 59, or 12
por cent; othor shopmen from $1.93
to $2 20 or 14 por cent; section fore
men from $1,51 to $1,83 or 21 por
oont; trnokmon from $1.15 to $1 52, or
82 por cent; telegraph operators aud
dispatchers from $2.25 to $2 05, or 17
por cent. This moans a geuoral aver
ago iuoronso in wnces of 82 29-100 per
cent and all othor classes of railroad
operatives and employes in n moro or
loss similar degrco. Whilo these ad
vances huvo proven n groat boon to
tho nearly two million mou employed
in tho railway sorvioo and inoreasod
tlioir capacity to buy from merchant
nnd farmer, thoy havo exacted many
millions annually from tho railroads
thcmBolvos all of whioh mado tho gen
eral publio richer, but tho roads
poorer. Iu 1900 tho railroads paid
$1,44 per ton for coal, Now thoy pay
$1.81. Then thoy paid 88o for ties.
Now thoy pay 52o.
Other Increased Costs.
But thero nro many other items
whioh havo enormously inoroasod tho
oost of railroad operation whioh wo
cannot go into bcoauso of lack of
spaco. Tho publio is constantly do
matidiug a moro efficient aud a Bafor
servioe, and houcn thu railroads have
had to spend vast sums iu installing
blook signals, steel passenger oars, do
lug away with grado crossings,
straightoniug linos, heavier locomo
tives, better road beds, aud supplying
many othor precautions protecting
both their operatives and the publio
all things vory nooossary, yet vory
costly. 8o, too, numorouB states havo
pacsod "Full Grew" laws whioh, with
out benefitting thu public, have com
pollod tho railroads to pay a toll of
millions to usoless employees,
Now, whilo labor, farm products,
merchandise and manufactures and
supplies of all kinds havo steadily in
creased in prioo, tho railroads, as
stated before, havo been compelled to
reduco their rates in tho face of this
avalauoho of ever-advuuoing cost of
oporatiou nnd that all but tho most
poworful lines find themselves iu an
exooodingly oritioal condition is uot to
bo woudured at. Tho farmer, tho mer
chant, tho manufacturer ami tlio la
boror justly insist that thoy would not
bo able to got along on tho pricoi they
roceived ton or fifteen years ago. How,
then, oan tho railroads, which aro tho
largest employers of labor aud buyers
of material in tho Uuiuod States, be
expected to exist on less than thoy re
ceived ten or fifteen years ugo? Iu
view of theso facts, it is uo wouder
that President Wilson and othor pa
triotic and caioful students of tho sit
uation aio speaking we rdB of kindly
admonition to tho American publio, to
thu ond that tlio railionds, through
whose giaut arteries Hows tho very
lifo blood of the nation, muy not bo
wreukod and destroyed.
The Public and the Manager
On the one hand, for tho last twon
ty.flvo years tho publio has domaudod
tho beet and highost cflloenoy in sor
vioo and lower rates iu ono and tho
DAKOTA COUNVV
name breath. On tlioothorliand stand
tho thousands of men and womon who
havo investod their money in railroad
securities and who, in common with
the farmer, the manufactures mid tho
morohaut, believe they are entitled to
n fair profit, Theu come the hundreds
of thousands of employes who nro
continually clameriug for mi increase
In wages, ns well ux tho cost of nil
manner of railroad Hiipplies which in
constantly advancing ond between
them, as arbitoiR, stand the managers
of tho roads tho big "hired mon,"
struggling with might und main to
reconsilu nil tho conflicting interests
in tho face of reduced rates upon every
hand. That they havo ut last reached
a point where they can continue tho
unequal strugtrlo no longer should not
bo a matter of wonder end in faco
of tho harsh and unfriendly criticism
which hns descended upon their ho ids
from every quarter Unit find them
solves in tho mentitl nMitndu (if tho
fiddler iu tho Westeru mining enmp
when ho yelled out, "Ploase don't
shoot, boys; I am doing tho best I
can."
(1'nlilAdv. To lx) continued next week.)
I CORRESPONDENCE
HUBBARD.
Tom Lonpf Bhippcd n car of hops
to bioux City lust week.
Jim Harry was on our streets
Tuesday.
George Derain Bpent a couple of
weeks in the timber near Jackson
before Christmas sawing wood.
Bring us your produce, eggs and
butter, and get the highest price the
market will afford. C. Anderson Co.
Ethel Clayton returned the first of
the week to Winside, Nebr., where
she is teaching school. She had been
at home over Christmas.
Mrs. Nels Andersen was on the
sick list the first of tho week. She
is better at this writing.
We have a big lot of comforters
that we are going to close out at a
bargain. C. Anderson Co.
Miss Maurice, daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. Ed Maurice, came home
from Chicago to remain over Christ
mas with her parents.
Joseph Christensen came home for
u few days vacation.
Anna Hagan, of Sioux City, was a
visitor here the first of the week.
Mat Hansen and wife visited at
the Louis Larsen home during Christ
mas week.
Quito a number from here attend
ed the dance at Homer Friday night.
Nels Andersen, James Henricksen,
Lars Larsen and Rasmus Nelsen ship
ped stock to Sioux City Tuesday.
A big line of sweater coats and
mackinaws for the winter season.
See our display before the sizes are
gone. C. Anderson Co.
George Beck came down from Wa-
kanda, S. D., Tuesday, for a few
days' stay here.
The Brotherhood and Sisterhood
Christmas tree festivity was very
well attended.
John Jessen is sawing coxxl wood
these days. John is always busy.
The Plum Grove Young People's
society had their Christmas tree
Saturday.
Nels Andersen, Lars Larsen and
George Nelsen were in the city the
first of tho week.
We have severaHots of shoes that
wo are going to close out before in
voice time, February 1st. C. An
derson Uo.
John Campbell and wife are en
joying a visit from relatives during
the holidays.
Martin Hansen in some way sprain
ed his wrist Tuesday when in the
yard after a basket of wood. He
was taken to Dakota City and is un
dcr the care of Dr. Maxwell.
Marie, Thorwald, Arthur and Say
hus Rasmussen were among those
from Waterbury who were here Sat
urday night to take in the dance.
Dick Rockwell, who died last
Thursday at his home east of town,
was ouricu aunuay. ivuneral servi
ces were held at Homor in tho M. E.
church and interment made in the
Hale cemetery.
The dance given here Monday
night was very well attended. Quite
a number from neighboring towns
were participators in tripping the
fantastic toe.
The announcement of the wedding
of Seval Olson, of this place, to Miss
Marie Jones, of Magnet, Nebr., has
been mado public. It will take place
at the bride's home January 12th.
Tho many friends of these young
people wish them unbounded happi
ness. HOMER.
Helen Shull was a Sioux City shop
per Wednesday of last week.
Fred Kipper ate Christmas din
ner with his sister, Mrs. Robert
Lousibrink, and family.
Warren Killian, of South Dakota,
spent tho holidays with tho Penry
family.
Frank Combs and family, of South
Sioux City, ate dinner with Pa and
Ma Combs Sunday.
Mrs Fred Kipper spent the holi
days with her people at Newcastle,
Nebr.
Mrs Sadie Abbot dined with the
Sam Combs family Sunday.
Miss Nell Combs Bpent the holi
days nt home, returning to Lincoln
in 1915.
Mrs. II. A. Monroe and family,
Miss Gertie McKinley and Miss Mat
tie McKinley nte Christmas dinner
with their parents, B. McKinley nnd
wife.
Audry Allaway and wife were
week end guests at tho Mrs Altemus
home.
The sun dogs Tuesday evening
made us think winter was surely
here.
Mrs Alice Bolster went to Des
Moines, la., this week to visit her
daughter Helen.
Mrs. Bud McKinley and little
daughter visited the Banone Mc
Kinley family Christmas.
A big sleighing party was chap
uroned by Donald Rasdnl Sunday
HERALD; DAKOTA C1V,
evening. The preacher did'nt care
bo much but it interfered with his
choir.
Mrs Sadie Grimshaw and two
children arrived from Oklahoma Inst
Wednesday to spend the holidays
with her parents. Chas. Holsworth
and wife, and visit friends. She ex
pects to return to Oklahoma in
March.
Donald Rasdal Bpent Christmas
with home folks, returing . to Cole
ridge, Nebr., Monday. " AntoniouB.
Larson helped Donald make things
hum while here.
Chas. Ostmeyer and wife ate
Christmas dinner with Geo. Madscn
and wife and spent the .week end
with Mr. Ostmeycr's father and
family.
The Judge McKinley family ate
Christmas dinner and spent the week
end with Mrs. McKinley's parents,
Joe Smith and wife.
James Allaway and wife enter
tained the children and their fami
lies Christmas, namely: Will Rock
well and family, Audry Allaway and
wife, James Allaway and family,
Tom Allaway and family, and Mrs.
Will Learner and family.
Mrs. Geo. Thacker, who has been
very ill, is some better. Miss Marie
Jensen, a trained nurse from Sioux
City, is taking care of her.
Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Wagner, of
LoMars, la,, ate Christmai dinner
with their son, Henry Wagner and
wife.
Mrs. Oliver Smith and daughter,
Lysle, were passengers to Sioux
City Sunday, returning Monday.
Miss Dorris Ogden, who is attend
ing high school in Warsaw, Nebr.,
spent the holidays at home.
Fred Parker and wife and John
Rockwell and family, of South Sioux
City, were dinner guests at the Jim
mie Allaway home Sunday.
Mrs Alice Walters was here from
Des Moines, la., to attend the funer
al of her brother, Dick Rockwell.
Rob Jones and wife are the par
ents of an eleven pound girl, born
December 22nd.
A Burlington freight train ran in
to eight head of horses one day last
week, killing four outright. Two
more were so badly hurt that Lue
Goodsell shot them to stop their suf
fering, and two others will recover.
We hear the horses were the prop
erty of Pete Sampson, of Winnebago.
John Rockwell came homo from
Butte, Nebr., for the holidays.
Christmas night, altho it wasa bit
ter cold night, about fifty friends
and neighbors, including the Ladies
Aid society, surprised the Chas.
Hisrote family to help them cele
brate their silver wedding. The
Ladies Aid presented them with
about $10 worth of fine silver ware
and other friends remembered them
likewise.
This commuity was greatly shock
ed Wednesday to hear of the sudden
death of Dick Rockwell. He had
been sick for some time with blood
poison but was better and seeming
ly most well, but heart failure fol
lowed and one of Dakota county's
best citizens answered the last call.
Funeral services were held from the
Homer M. E. church, in Homer,
Sunday, interment being in the
Spring Grove cemetery where his
relatives who have gone before are
resting.
JACKHON.
Happy New Year to all.
James L. Barry, who spent
the
past year at Lonoke, Ark
arrived
home for the holidays.
Rose McKeever, of Sioux
spent Christmas with the
City,
home
folks.
Michael Quinn, who has been at
tending a seminary at St. Louis, is
home for vacation.
Gertrude McHale is spending the
holidays with her parents at Fair
bury, Nebr.
H. Kinney returned Monday from
an over Christmas visit with rela
tives at Bloomfield, Nebr.
Dr. Frank Riley and wife return
ed to their home at Verdigre, Nebr.,
Monday, after spending Christmas
with the former's parents here.
Dr. Thos. D. Boler and sisters,
Mary and Margaret, of Omaha,
spent Christmas with their folks
hero.
Rose Greve, who teaches in the
Mads Nelsen district, is spending the
holidays with her parents at Sloan,
Iowa.
Bennetta Hall departed Monday
for Salix, la., to spend the week
with Alice Reilly.
Quite a number of the young peo
ple attended a dance at Hubbard
Monday evening. A fine time was
reported.
Lawrence Erleach, of Jackson,
Minn., is here for the holidays.
Lawrence Moran expects to leave
the first of the week for York, Neb.,
to attend the York normal college
for tho remainder of the year.
A dance is billed at the opera
house for Wednesday evening. Col
lins Bros, orchestra, of Marcus, la.,
will furnish the music,
Tho members of the Embroidery
club were pleasantly entertained at
the John Boler home Wednesday.
James Deloughery is spending the
holidays in the home of his daughter
at Pender, Nebr.
James Sawyer, of Keewatin, Minn.,
is here for tho holidays.
An alarm of fire was turned into
the central office Tuesday morning
from the O. E. Johnson home, but
was finally put out. A defective
chimney was the cause.
Mr. and Mrs. Horace Dugan en
tertained about a hundred young
and old folks at their home on Sun
day evening. A most delightful
evening was spent. This marks the
beginning of a seriesof parties which
will be given this winter at the dif
ferent homes.
SALEM
Mrs Lucy A Berger is stopping at
the homo of her son, John Berger
for the winter.
Mrs Mollie Broyhill and son Harry
were Christmas visitors at the Arthur
Armbright home,
NSHAfcA
sssscs
Formre Hfilfl Fircf
rdniieit) flUIU rllbl
Annual Meeting
at Hubbard, Neb.
Tho success, hnrmony and attend
ance of tho first annual meeting of the
association was very gratifying to the
lin.iril nnil thn cifflplnl ninnaecment.
Considering tho roads and tho severity I
of tho weather, the attendance wis
good. Every precinct In tho county
was well represented nt tho meeting,
nnd tho 70 men. present were the pro
gicsslve farmers of tho county. The
interest manifested by thoso present
was proof that farm demonstration had
become well rooted and Is now gen
erally desired by the peoplo of tho
county. Every ninii present seemed
willing to admit that the work was
worth In dollars mid cents what had
been expended.
Tho program which had previously
been sent out to every member and
published In tho county papers was
carried out In detail. The regular nnd
last business meeting of the old board
of directors convened at 10 o'clock
with the following men present: Di
rectors ChaB. Dodge, Ed. L. Koss, Don
Forbes, John Filler, E. H. Gribble. A.
II. Anderson, President Learner, Coun
ty Demonstrator Raymond and Secre
tary McGIashan. E. P. Ilrown of
Davey, Nob., Henry Cain and Georgo
Orr were present as visitors.
Tho minutes of tlio November busi
ness meeting woro read and approved
by tho board, after which tho follow
ing bills wero allowed and the secre
tary instructed to draw orders on the
treasurer for their payment:
D. C. Hefferman, for office rent,
months of November and De
cember, 10.00, and fuel and oil
$5.38. Total $15.38
John Heam, for stamps, $5.80;
stamped envelopes, $1.25, and
printing, $9.50. Total 16.55
Hugh Raymond, incidental ex
penses, month of December.. 7.45
Thorwald Riese, for lettering
and register book 5.00
Louis Hogg, janitor work at the
Danish Brotherhood Hall on
day of annual meeting 2.00
Luetic Hoagland, for typewriting l.L5
Total $47.63
This meeting then adjourned and
gave way to the regular afternoon
session. Promptly at 2 o'clock this
session was called to order by Presi
dent Learner. The first number called
for the president's annual address and
Mr. Learner in his characteristic and
jovial way spoke as follows:
President Learner's Address.
Fellow Members of the Dakota
County Farm Management Associa
tion: The second half of the year 1914
has seen tho beginning of tho Dakota
County Farm Management Associa
tion. So far our work has been ex
perimental. When tho board hired
our demonstrator it was understood
that he should becomo acquainted with
tho members of the association, study
tho agricultural outlook In tho county
and preparo to organize nn education
al campaign for tho year 1915. During
this time, the demonstrator was to
make, as far as possible a systematic
study of the control of hog cholera.
With this understanding, tho demon
strator was employed for the second
half of the year 1914, and the result
will bo found In his report.
Tho manner of our organization has
been highly commended by members
of tho State Farm Management asso
ciation. We have each precinct elect
Its own director and those who can
vote at such meetings are members of
tho association. Tho director co-operates
with tho demonstrator In look
ing after the needs of his precinct.
The directing of tho demonstrator in
his work In tho county is done by the
board of directors together with the
stato leading farm demonstration
work of tho University Farm, Lincoln,
Neb. Wo have eight precincts In the
county, so located that each ono can
bo handled separately and yet not
Interfere with tho work of tho other
precincts. We havo some 300 mem
bers of which Dakota precinct leads
with 64 members, then In order,
Omadl, 57; Hubbard, 39; St. John's,
34; Emerson, 19; Pigeon, 17; Coving
ton, 12; Sioux City, 10. Somo havo
Joined sinco this list was mado up.
A copy of our constitution and by
laws was mailed to each member of
tho association and I earnestly ask
that overy member road tho constitu
tion carefully and get acquainted with
the workings and aim of the organiza
tion. After this address, Hon. E. P.
Drown ot Davoy, Neb., was Introduced
as tho principal speaker of tho day.
Thoso who heard Mr. Brown wero ac
corded a raro privilege, and what ho
said will bo long remembered by tho
members presont. Ho spoko on Farm
Management work, tho naturo of the
work. Its aim, and Its field of work.
Ho said that co-operation was greatly
needed among farmers and that co
operation meant "getting together" to
find out ways and means. "Farming
is a nig job, too big for ono man.
There aro Increasing difficulties and
these aro becoming moro difficult
every year. Farm Demonstration Is
truly a progressive movement to help
solve theso difficulties. A farm man
agement association Is a "get-together"
organization of the progressive
men of a community, that is on the
Job all tho time. The men in It
must work together trust each other,
respect each other and bo willing to
no p their neighbors. Co-oporntlon not
pnly means getting together but stay,
ing together, nnd will only continue
among an organization of men who
havo confldenco and mutual respect
for each other. Tho farm demonstrat
or is tho .working offlcor of this got
togothor organization. Ho visits tho
successful farmers, find out their suc
cessful prnctlces and tolls thorn to
others. Ho does what othor farmers
Henry Krumwiedo of Bancroft,
Nebr, ate Xmas dinner with his sis
ter, Mrs Leseberg.
L W Dutton, a brother of Horace
Dutton of this place, eiied December
20, 1914, at his home in West Union,
Iowa, of cancer of tho ear. The
deceased had visited his brother here
on several occasions and made many
acquaintances who will regret his
demise. Deceased was born at Mere
dith, Delaware county, N Y, Feb 28,
182G. He emigrated to Iowa in 1818
and settled on a farm near West
Union, when there were no railaoads
west of Buffalo, N Y. The long
tedious trip was made by boat, team
and afoot. He took up farming and
resided on tho old homestead 03
years, retiring three years ago and
moving to town. He leave3 two
married daughters.
w - J J
'I" ' "lll.'"nlillli iiiKi'iilr,nliin,n.iiiHiina r v, r .il1.jl.lL
ics
Dakota City
Grocery
A
Happy
New Year
Everyone
3 Cans Corn
2 pkgs Post Toasties,
3 Cans of Peas
2 pkgs Corn Flakes
2 large cans Tomatoes
3 qts Cranberries
2 pkgc Pettijohns
We have a hsrgo assortment of
Heavy Men's Underwear, Dud:
Coats, Wool Blankets, Comforts,
and Sweaters that we are closing
out at about cost price.
W. L.
Dakota City,
have not time to do. He tells farmers
what their neighbors are doing.
After Mr, Brown's address, the presi
dent called for tho annual report of
the county demonstrator. Mr. Ray
mond reviewed his work and spoko as
follows:
Members of the Association:
Tho work of tho Farm Management
association, wan started July 1st. Most
of July was spent in getting acquaint
ed with the members, tho roads and
conditions throughout tho county. I
tried to meet all tho members of the
association during tho first month but
found It was Impossible to do so In
that length of time. After tho first
of August I found my time was com
pletely taken up with the work for
tho various members and It was not
possible to make any trips merely for
acquaintance( A letter was sent out
In July to all members stating where
I could be gotten by phone so if any
member needed my services they
know where to get me. Besides
meeting as many members during
July as possible. I also vaccinated
3G0 bogs, had 11 inquiries by phone,
39 personal inquiries on farm prob
lems, received 48 letters, wrote 18 and
traveled 1,801 miles by Ford nnd visit
ed 175 farms.
"My work in tho county has been
mostly with tho control of hog cholera.
Whilo work of this kind, that Is go
ing out and doing tho vaccinating, is
not purely demonstration work, yet
coming into tho county as I did after
most of tho crops wero sown and somo
of them almost ready for harvest, I
considered that In this work I could
best spend my timo and best servo
tho members.
About tho first of August cholera
broke out in Hubbard and Summit
precincts. Tho sick herds wero vac
cinated by giving all sick hogs serum
alone, and all well hogs serum and
virus. During tho months of August
and September a number of herds
wero vaccinated in which there was
no cholera, but cholera existed somo
whero In tho neighborhood. By vac
cinating herds in districts whero
cholera existed tho disease has been
kept In check and stopped from
spreading over the county. Sanitary
measures, that is cleaning up tho
places and disinfecting after tho dis
ease was under control havo been em
ployed. I believe better results can
bo obtained by vaccinating only sick
herds and then thoroughly clcnnlng
up tho promises, than by everybody
vaccinating their herds with the sim
ultaneous treatment before they aro
sick.
Ono thing to bo regretted Is that
somo farmers have not been very
careful about disposing of dead hogs.
Most of the outbreaks of cholera this
year can be traced to places whero
dead hogs wero neither burnod nor
buried and cholera spread from these
places to other places in tho neigh
borhood. Tho stato law provides that
all animals dying from infectious dis
ease should bo burned and imposes a
flno for not doing so. If this law was
enforced throughout tho county there
would bo less cholera.
During tho summer and fall I havo
personally vaccinated 4387 hogs, 2904
of these were In herds whero no chol
ora existed. The remaining 13G4 were
in herds nlready infected with cholera.
519 hogs wero sick In theso Infected
herds. Tho remaining 845 had not
contracted tho disease. Of tho 38G8
woll hogs 50 died, or a loss of 1.3 por
cent. Of tho 519 sick hogs 2S2 died,
or a loss ot 54.3 por cent. This shows
that serum has somo curativo effects.
This is not a rule, how-over, as any
hogs that show any signs of tho dis
ease will die no matter how much
serum thoy receive. Tho 237 sick hogs
that recovered woro just coming down
with cholera, that is thoy had tho
cholera gorms in their systems but
had not advanced far enough to affect
tho hog.
Of tbo 1,304 hogs in Infected herds
282 died, or a loss of 20.4 por cent.
Of tho total number vaccinated 4.3S7
332 died, or n lo3s of 17.5 per cent
Although tho control of hog cholera
lias been my principal work in tlio
county, yot it has not tnkon all my
time. Your agent hns rccolved 124
tolophono calls, had 107 office visitors.
375 personal inquiries on farm prob
lems, has rocolved 295 letters, has
written 1C4 letters, has visited 44G
farmers and vaccinated 44 calves, has
assisted In tho sale of 11 vo stock to tho1
4 t- - . -
. '
25c
25c
.,: 25c
25c
25c
,-. 25c
25c
ROSS
Nebraska,
-LM'JraMI & it
- ta
amount of $400, has traveled 4,495
miles by Ford and 15 with team.
I have been very much pleased with
the spirit In which tho members co
operate in any work undertaken. If
this co-operative spirit continues, there
Is no reason why demonstration work
can not be made a success In Dakota
county, and of lasting benefit to indi
vidual members of tho Farm Manage
ment association as well as to the com
munity as a whole.
Yours truly,
Hugh Raymond.
Statistical Report for Dakota County.
Farms visited 44G
Telephone calls 124
Office "visitors 107
Letters written, including circu
lars sent 409
Letters received 295
Miles traveled by automobile.. 4,495
Meetings held in cqunty.,.4 4(
Total attendance 320
Hogs vaccinated personally .... 4,387
Hogs saved in well herds 9S.7
Hogs saved in sick herds 79.4J-
Hogs saved in sick and well
herds 92.5
Calves vaccinated . 44
Assisted in sales of live stock to
tho amount of $400
After Mr. Raymond's report, tho re
port of tho treasurer was made.
.Summarized Total Report.
Total collections on subscrip
tions $1,482.50
Subscription of C, B. & Q. R.
It. Co 150.00
Refund by Mrs. Leahy on au
tomobile 24.00
Received for serum 213.12
Refund of salary by Hugh'
Raymond 200.00
$2,0G9.C2
Disbursements on warrants
Nos. 1 to 31, inclusive $1,3GG.83
Balance on hand' December
22, 1914 702.79
"$2,0G9.G2
Flirt nmyM.nt t. - l 1 1 . . I I
i no uiuuuiii auusunuuu us per ,tt
llafa la . nne Q:'
"""" '" J., USD. UU CL
The amount subscribed by tho V
C, B. & Q. R. R. Co 150.00
Maklntr thn tntnl snhoorln. ,K
t'ons !..f?2,'f35.00
The amount collected on subscrip- '
tions, including tho subscription of
tho C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., Is $1,632.50.
jeuvniK mo umount uncollected on sub
edriptlons $502.50.
Respectfully submitted, - V M
treasurer.
. ... . -rr . Mk. iffii
a snort recess-followed the tr.easuF-fe
er'S report. Boforo thn anolntl, i?.!
Journed, took up the regular butftiieBH.' & M
T'lln nlontlnn nF rtffnn-n nn..f..j JL -
lows: J. p. Learner, president; W.
J. Ryan, vice nrnstilnnt- vr iV A.lni,.
treasurer; T. P. McGlaslian, secretary. rd
ivuiuiu uuin mo precinct election
showed tho following directors elect
ed: Tomns Hartnett, St. John's; Don
Forbes, Covington Emerson, not re
ported; Henpy Cain, Hubbard: T. C.
Dugan, Summit; John Felle.r," Plgopn
Creek; Gcorgfjr Orr, Dakota; Ed. P.
Ilnsa nnl.liC- ,
After tho ffectlon the association 'vff
discussed general plans. A motion -
was mado and carried that tho asso- '
elation recommend that tho board of tfj
directors allow tho socretarv a Rnfnrv '
for his work for tho association during
tlio year 1915. After the motion the &A
annual meeting was adjourned and a .M-. V"j
meeting ot tuo'now board of directors "W
was immediately ordered by President
Learner. ,'
Tho minutes? flowed the following fcvl
uusiness transacted:
Georgo Orr wa appointed by the
president to formulate a plan with tho
treasurer for collecting tho subscrip
tions still unpaid.
nimptni- ITnrtnnM vnn.ln 41. n ..41..
that tho secretary's salary bo $50 per 1"
jmi. .wuwuii nua suyuuueu pj j,ienry f
iuui. unu aamo was ordered by the
board. '
iiiu iiiuuur 01 iwring a aeraoustra- -1
mi iiu.m. j-uur was lauon up ana dis
cussed by 4hO board. After tlio ,1lo.
cusslon tho'board' passed a motion that "H
a salary of $1,000 per year bo offored -
Mr. Hugh Raymond fOr'hls services -It
to tho- county during tho year 1915. As
Mr. Raymond wanted aftfw days to
consldor this Offer tho board adjourn
ed until a call bo Issued by fli'o aecro-
inn trw nnrffliAit mnntlnn
j tut Mut.fttv U.VCUHI;, 1H
i
'S
&''
