DAKOTA COUNTY HERALD: DAKOTA CITY. NEBRASKA.
Left, emperor of Austria,
of Servia.
IN ID ISSUES
THAI FIGURE II
To Count Leopold Berchtold, Aus-
train Foreign Minister, Must
Be Given First Place
BROUGHT ABOUT CONTEST
'It Is Understood He Believed the Time
Ripe for Favorable Action Career
of Nikola Pashltch, Servian
Premier Russia's Part
In Embrogllo.
Count Leopold Berchtold, a quiet
(man, with English manners, sitting at
a desk In the foreign ofllco In Vienna
iBuch la the unlmpostng presence of
the Austrc-Hungarian statesmun who
(precipitated a situation more sorious
to Europe than any that has arisen
I since the ovonts that Immediately pre
ceded the Franco-Prussian war. And
tho most extraordinary foaturo of the
icrisls Is that It should have artson dl
iroctly out of tho assassination, by a
'Servian, of FrnnclB Ferdinand, the
archduke who In his life time was re
garded as the firebrand of Europd.
Thus the archduke, after death, as ho
was in life, remains the great men
lacing factor In tho affaire of European
'Christendom.
Count Berchtold assumod tho port
folio of foreign affairs at Vienna upon
Itho retirement of Count von Aohren
,thal, who put through tho act of an
nexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, which
isot in motion the wild passlouB that
(culminated in tho assassination of tho
Austrian uoir to tne tnrone.
Russia Back of 8ervla.
When he took ofllco as the director
of tho foreign office, Berchtold found a
situation full of portent. Servia, in
censed by Austria's absorption of tor
Iritorlos which formerly had bolongod
to Turkey and to which Servia consid
ered itself tho heir, because they aro
populated largely by a people of Sorb
iracc, was clamoring for tho undoing
,of that which had boon accomplished
by tho decree of annextlon. Bohlnd
'the clamor at Belgrade could bo heard
tho sinister undertono of the growl of
itho Russian bear.
t Berchtold set himself to work to ro
id'iico relations to a normal basis. Bo
ihlnd him wore tho two othor members
of the triplo alliance Germany and
lltaly and opposing hlra were Russia,
'the self-imposed protector of all the
Slavic nations, Including Sorvta, and
tho two other members of tho triplo
entente, Great Britain and Franco.
Broke Up Balkan League,
Then came the Balkan war in 1012,
In which the Bulgarian and Servian
Slavs crushed tho power of Turkoy In
Europe. Tho formation of tho Balkan
alliance and tho utter defeat of Turkoy
wero startling events which caught
Berchtold napping. His next move
was to break up tho Balkan league
by stimulating the land hunger of
Servia and Greece, with their nlly,
Montenegro, and turning them against
Bulgaria, which was the predominant
military factor In tho war of 1912.
Tho Gracco-Servlan success, though,
wore another development for which
Berchtold was unprepared. After Bul
garia had been defeated by tho combi
nation of five nations, including Tur
key, the clamor at Belgrado against
tho annexation of Bosnla-Herzogovlna
by AuBtrla was resumed with re
MEN WHO SHIELD THE CZAR
Palace Grenadiers, 250 strong, .8o
lected for Honorable Task for
Their Bravery.
Everybody knows that Russia 1b
honeycombed with anarchists and no
Tulor la in moro danger of assasslno
tlon than tho czar.
For ttilB reason ho is guarded day
lend night by intrepid soldiers and a
jlargo corps of detectives in civil dross,
pays an exchange. From a standing
W
SI
MONARCHS OF THE COUNTRIES
Top, center, czar of Russia. Bottom, centor,
doubled vltuperattvenesB and noisy
rancor.
This agitation, it has bcon pointed
out by Berchtold, was tho direct cause
qf the tragedy at Sarajevo, when tho
archduke and his morganatic wife foil
by bullets fired by a Servian. Tho
Austrian minister of foreign affairs
demonstrated in tho Judicial inquiry
that followed tho crime, that Servian
officials, civil and military, had boen
involved In tho events that led to the
assassination.
Deemed Time for Action.
Tho moment for action had come.
Berchtold surveyed tho International
horizon.
Ho observed that Russia was In
volved in a big strike which had a rev
olutionary tinge.
That Franco was In a turmoil of po
litical uncfartalnty.
That Groat Britain was facing an
Internal convulsion ns a result of tho
Ulstor situation.
Tho Austrian ultimatum to Sorvla,
demanding an apology for Sorvla's
part In tho tragedy of Sarajevo and a
suppression of tho anti-Austrian agl
tallon in Belgrade, followed promptly
In tho midst of the preoccupation of
tho triple entente.
Berchtold realizes moro clearly than
anybody else that ho has challenged
the entiro Slav world, with tho ex
ception of Bulgaria; that his quarrol
is not with Servia, but with Russia,
which has stood back of Servia in her
attacks upon Austria.
Nikola Pashltch, 8ervlan Premier.
Nikola Pashltch, premier and min
ister of foreign affairs of Servia, has
twice boforo boon the dominant figure
In Sorvlan politics in the course of his
40 years in the publlo affairs of his
country. His policy always has been
bitterly hostile to AuBtrla-Hungary,
and the present crisis' In the relations
of tho two countries is largoly the out
come of his provocative attitude.
Pashltch throughout his earner has
conducted a vigorous fight for the
economlo freedom of Servia from Aus
tria. By means of railway tariffs and
inspection regulations on tho frontier
of Austria, Servia's natural road to
tho markets of western Europe, tho
Austrian government has boon able to
control Servian trade in pigs and poul
try, tho staple products of Servia.
Clamor Against Austria.
But the chief grievance of tho Ser
vians has been tho continued domina
tion of Austria-Hungary over a large
population across tho frontier which
the Sorrlans maintain is of Serb
blood. Although a considerable part
of this population has contested the
claims of the Servian jingoes and haB
Austrian War Record 300 Years
1618 to 1648 Thirty years' war. Defeated by Qustavus Adolphus at Lelpslo,
1631; at Lutzen, 1632. Province of Pomeranla seized. Beaten by French
ana compelled to maxe peace.
1683 Defeated by the Turks. Emperor Leopold flees Vienna. Appeals to
King John Sobleskl of Poland. Sobleskl defeats Turks under walls of
Vienna and drives them back.
1607 Austrian Prlnoe Eugene defeats Turks at Zenta.
1701-10 War of Spanish succession. Prince Eugene defeated French In Italy,
Joined Marlborough and defeated French at Oudenarde, 1708, and Mai-
plaquet, 1709.
1717 Prince Eugene defeated Turks at Belgrade.
1741 Frederick the Great takes province of Silesia from Austria. Defeated
Austrlans at Mollwltz.
1706 Seven years' war. Frederick defeated Austrlans at Prague.
1767 Austrlans defeated at Leuthen.
1760 Austrlans defeated at Torgu and Llegnltz.
1762 Austrlans defeated at Freiburg.
1700 Austrlans defeated by Napoleon at uodi, Areola, Rlvoll. Driven out of
Italy.
1799 Austrlans defeated by Moreau at Hohonllndon. By Massena at Zurich.
1800 Defeated by Napoleon at Marengo.
1800 Defeated by Lannes at Montebello.
1805 Defeated at Austerlltz. Vienna taken by Napoleon.
1809 Defeated at Eckmuhl. Defeated at Aaperln and Essllng. Defeated at
Wagram. Vienna taken.
1859 Defeated by Napoleon III at Magenta and Solferlno.
1866 8even weeks' war. Defeated by Prince Frederick and Von Moltks at
Sadowa.
army of moro than 1,600,000 men tho
best aro chosen aB a personal guard
for tho emperor, and still It Is fearod
that somo day tho nows that Nlcho-1
las has met his fathor'B fate will be
flashed to the ond af tho earth,
Tho police grenadlors consist of one
company (that Is to say, 260 on a war
footing); belong to tho reserve; and
form part of tho "garrison Infantry." i
It Is their special duty to furnish
guards in the Imperial palaco and Im
perial museum. They aro a corps
I d'ollte, all tho men boine votorona nml
INVOLVED
otnporor of Germany. Right, king
repeatedly demonstrated its prefMfr
onco for Australn rule, the campaign
for liberating the Servian brothers
from tho Austrian yoke has been kept
up with frequent outbursts of anti
Austrian clamor In Belgrade. To this
clamor Russia, always Jealous of Aus
tria, has lent her secret and some
times her open support.
Tho annexation of Bosnla-Herzogovlna
by Austria in 1900 producod a
wild demand In Servia for immediate
war to liberate tho Bosnian brothers
from Austrian rule. At that time,
however, Russia was not ready for ac
tlon against Austria, so the clamor
spent Itself in torrid speeches and
fervid press declarations.
Occupied Adriatic Ports.
Pashltch was premier of Servia in
1912, nt tho outbreak of the Balkan
war. He saw an opportunity to block
Austria's long-sought road to tho
Aegean sea. Tho first objective pointB
of tho Servian armies in tho first war
wore tho ports of tho Adriatic, iu
what is now Albania. These, with tho
help of Montenegro, Servia occupied
in tho first stages of tho struggle.
At this stage, however, Poshltch's
calculations wero upset by Austria.
Acting In conjunction with Italy,
which also had pretonslons to tho
country Inhabited by the aboriginal
stock of tho Balkan, peninsula, tho
Austrian government succeeded in in
ducing Europo to order Sorvla, Greece
and Montenogro out of the Adriatlo
territory occupied by them, and sot
asldo this region as an independent
state, to bo called Albania.
Servians Nursed Their Wrath.
Tho negotiations which Pashltch
conducted In this phaso of the Balkan
struggle were protracted and delicate,
but oventually the Austro-Itallan do
mand was carried out, and the Ser
vians nursed their wrath.
For tho succoss of his defiant atti
tude toward Austria, Pashltch depend-'
od almost entirely upon Russia. It
wbb realized clearly by General Put
nik, the Servian chief of staff, that re
sistance to Austria upon the field of.
battlo would bo unthinkable, so far
as an ultimate triumph for Servian
arms is concerned.
In tho course of tho past score of
,years Servia has beon conducting an
actlvo agitation nmong tho Slavio
population of southern Austria, and
Pashltch undoubtedly counts upon In
ternal disorders In tho rear of an ad
vancing Austrian army to embarrass
tho enemy In a campaign Into Servia.
Of tho succoss of this plan thero is
Bravo doubt, howovor, as the Catholic
and Moslem Sorbs of Austria havo
no hankering for Servian rule.
selected In recognition of Uieir bravery
In tho flold and their long service.
Without exception they aro doco
ratod, and among tho decorations they
can boast tho St, Georgo's cross for
noncommissioned oftlcers and men la
tho most Important mark of distinc
tion. This was oroatod by tho Em
poror Alexander I in 1807 as a llfth
class of tho Order of St. Goorgo. It
was doslgnod for thoso not ellglblo for
tho order proper that Is, for non
commissioned officers and men iU
ttngulshed by singular acts of bravw
SIDELIGHTS ON METHODS
OF LIFE IN ALASKA
Wife of Present Governor Tells of
Far Away Country.
STORIES FROM TERRITORY
Mrs. J. F. A. Strong Tells What the
New Railroad Will Mean to the
Section Which Is Just Now
Coming Into Its-Own.
Washington, Alaska, for so long
tho stepchild of tho nation, has at
last come Into Its own. Now hope,
now llfo, a new future sprang Into
being with the passage of tho Alaska
railroad bill last March, when $35,
000,000 wns appropriated for tho
building of a railroad.
Such was the way In which Mrs.
J. F. A. Strong, wlfo of Governor
Strong of Alaska, described tho atti
tude of our far-off territory when in
terviewed a short tlmo ngo during a
vlBlt In Washington by the governor
and horsolf, says tho Washington
Star.
"Nobody but those of us who know
Alaska can appreciate Just what that
railroad bill means," she said. "It
Mrs. J. F. A. Strong.
stands for a gigantic feat In engineer
ing, for one thing. It means that
Amorica, fresh from tho wonderful
task of constructing tho Panama
canal, will add another laurel to her
wreath when she accomplishes tho
construction of an AlaBkan railroad
such as Is proposed. But to us it
also means new hope. It means new
life, and now life at this tlmo repre
sents the most essential requisite of
the territory. AlaBka needs popula
tion, and this is what the railroad will
give us.
"I havo lived in Alaska 17 years
and have lived the llfo which makes
of thoso who go thero real Alaskans.
I know what It means to leave the
territory intent upon never returning.
I know what It means to go back to
it as homo. That Is what Alaska Is
to me today not Just a place to live
In, but home, with' all that It stands
for. And bo I feel for AlaBka and
with Alaska in all her aims and de
Biros and accomplishments, In all her
hopes and disappointments.
"Threo years ago I left tho Interior
of tho country for tho coast, and as
I left I watched tho departure of thou
sands of others, only they wore leav
ing the country. They were old
miners. And where wero they going
To Canndn, to South Amorica any
whoro, they said, whero laws and op
portunities wore moro favorable.
"Thoy had slaved for years In Alas
ka and thoy loved it, but what was tho
tiso? Thoy had given tho best years
of their lives to it, had loved It with
tho affection of strong men, but what
was tho use? Alaska was Ignored by
tho government. Alaska was the stop
child of tho nation.
"On every side that wns the cry.
Dlsgruntlod outwardly, hoortsore In
wnrdly, these men who wero leaving
wero tho same ones who had come
Into tho country years beforo to seek
gold. They knew Alnskn as no one
else possibly could. And Alaska need
ed them so badly. For such "men are
tho backbone of a ploueor country.
"That was tho condition three years
ago. Our population dropped from
64,000 to 42,000, Think of a country
as big as nil tho United States east
of tho Mississippi river, and then tin
nglno but 42,000 pooplo living in itl
"And then a few months ngo tho in
coming tldo began to grow. Tho old
minors woro coming bnck again.
Whereas they loft with nothing but
noartaciie and disappointment, thoy
woro returning with n smile on tholr
faces and the old spirit that spirit
which 1ms mnde tho mon of Alnskn
go through hardships triumphant. And
why? Oh, there wasn't any place
llko tho old country, after all; they
couldn't stay away. And, besides, the
railroad was coming.
"That was It. Tho railroad was tho
koynoto of tho whole thing. Tho
rnllrood was coming, nnd so thoy
came bnck and now pooplo aro com
ing. And AlaBka has now hope."
CAT ON A HUNGER STRIKE
Pet of CltyHall In Philadelphia Will
Not Eat While Her Friend
Is Away.
Phlladolphfn. "Strike." tho pet cat
of tho olectrlqnl bureau, Is on n hunger
strike and slowly starving to death
She refuses steadfastly to oat unless
she Is fed by her groat friend, Jim
Urnrki i'nfo,rtunately, Jim Is away
u his vacation
t
1? w m
Tho deep love which Mrs. Strong
claims for' all who llvo in and know
AlaBka finds Its greatest proof in tho
return of the old miners to Alaska.
Tho hill authorizing tho construction
of railroads thoro passed Inst March
nnd tho Influx began Immediately.
And this In splto of tho fact that tho
accomplishment of this railroad Is to
bo no Aladdin's trick. It is estimated
that a year will bo required for tho
soloctlon of tho routes and for sur
veying them. And then tho actual
construction of tho road will necessi
tate another threo years of labor.
But it sufllced that they knew the
road will oventually be built.
This road, which Is to cover moro
than seven hundred miles, will con
nect tidewater on tho Pacific ocean
with tho two great Inland waterways,
tho Yukon and Kuskokwlm rivers.
And, of these, very few have been
oven extensively prospected, let nlone
oxhausted, becauBo conditions exist
ing nt tho present time mako It prac
tically impossible. And this wnB an
othor point brought up by Mrs. Strong.
"Interior Alaska Is already as fully
developed as It is possiblo for it to
bo, minus a railroad," Mrs. Strong ex
plained. "And lack of transportation
facilities forms tho sole reason. Im
agine a country so vast that a man
can pack upon his back all tho food
his physical strength can endure, and
yet havo Unexhausted long before a
real Interior can even be touched,
let alono developed. Thnt Is what
happened to us. If Alaska remains
undeveloped today, It Is becauso tho
ingenuity of man has been taxod to
its fullest and failed. Wo did every
thing possiblo for human beings. Wo
could not build the railroads our
selves. Therefore, tho Interior yet
holds Its treasure."
It was Kipling who wrote: "If
you'vo 'enrd tho East a-calllng, you
won't never eed naught else." But
It was Robert Service who Immortal
ized tho luro of tho northland. "The
Lure of Little Voices," voices out of
tho bigness and stillnesB of Alaska,
which, once heard and heeded, can
never be forgotten or left unan
swered. And that typifies Mrs. Strong. Sev
enteen years In Alaska, with tho "lit
tle voices" calling, calling nil the time,
and nowhere else in all tho world
means to her Just what the territory
of Alaska stands for.
Callfornlan by birth, European by
education, and world cultured by trav
el, Mrs. Strong yet knows no love to
equal that for Alaska. Pioneer women
of any country possess a bigness of
dovotlon, a steadfastness of fnlth in
their own land, which dwarfs the
"home" instinct of old communities.
The pioneer woman of California is
passing, as well as the woman who
helped to mold the other western
states. But the pioneer woman of
Alaska is "a vital factor today in the
development and upbuilding of the
territory, both materially and moral
ly. So believes Mrs. Strong.
"AlaBka Is such a wonderful coun
try, and we are so proud of it," she
said; and, simple as was the state
ment, none could doubt the depth of
Its sincerity.
"Juneau, tho capital of the terri
tory and our home," continued Mrs.
Strong, "Is such a vastly different
place from what the great majority
of people plcturo it to be. To those
who know naught of Alaska it seems
impossible to detach from the thought
of all Alaska tho name given It as
many years ago 'Seward's Icebox.'
Yet to us that is so absurd. For when
wo left there last March the pussy-willows
wero In full bloom, while when
we reached St. Paul the lakes and
rivers were still frozen. Juneau sim
ply shares the reputation which the
whole of Alaska has, that of being an
Mcobox.'
"Of course, Juneau is not New
York. But, on tho other hand. It is
not a mountain fnstness. Beautiful
l hiJti
2rv" '!'t'"-"i
?! m. T s
Field of Oats at U. S. Experiment
Farm, Fairbanks, Alaska.
homes, hnudsomo buildings and things
of that kind aro abundant. Follow
ing the custom of tho west generally,
the homes aro usually framo struc
tures. "Nor do we lack the comfortB of tho
Eastern cities perhaps they differ,
but they yot represent comforts In
tho accepted sonso of tho word. And
society, too, for Juneau has Its sea
son, Its tangoes. Us bridge parties, its
afternoon teas and formal evening
functions, just as any othor center of
population has, and perhaps to a
greater extent. At least, cortaln it is
that our season is as gay as one
could well desire.
"This Is largely duo to our Alaskan
women. I do not know any other
women who can equal them In re
sourcefulness. And thoy are filled
with an enorgy which makes nothing
too hard of accomplishment. If they
Already lean from her voluntary
fast, "Strlko" bears no longer sem
blance to her old self when sho used to
eat from tho hands of hor friend. Sho
refused to bo tempted by a pinto of
meat und n saucer of milk sot beforo
her by the nttahos of tho bureau. In
stend Bhe merely glanced nt tho spread
and walked aorrowfully away.
"Strlko" is a feline with a history.
Sho figured quite prominently In tho
car strlko of 1909, when somo rowdy
throw hor at a scab motorman
"Strike" barely saved one of her nlnn
KiSwWsSfe
gtvo an afternoon tea it Is In ns at
tractive surroundings as one could
find anywhere, with the same appoint
ments as tho East affords. Flowers
from Seattle will adorn tho rooms, the
whitest of nnpery covers tho table,
whilo tho service Is perfect, not to
mention tho refreshments.
"Pooplo may regard us to 'campers,'
living on tho outer rim of civilization,
deprived of all refining influences,
eking out a lifetime on tho barest of
necessities, but wo wo know differ
ently. We know that llfo to us repre
sents tho fullest degreo of enjoyment
and happiness.
"Why," and Mrs. Strong laughed In
sheer gobd humor, "we have plenty ol
moving plcturo houses In Junoaul"
It Is but natural that Included In
hor great lovo for tho country should
bo a deop interest in the natives of
the country.
"I am afraid that In tho case of tho
Alaskan natives," sho said, "history
is but repeating itself. With the com
ing of tho white, man, with his meat
and his flour, came sickness to the
Eskimo. Tho result Is that their
naturally sturdy constitution has beon
undermined, and to a cortaln extent
their henlth Impaired. Thoy aro a
gentle, kindly people, but aro fast
passing away.
"I wish tho peoplo of tho East par
ticularly could seo our Alaskan chil
dren. Bright, sturdy, healthful little
.j.u fejTJjftjBiifci'ithf sHBBBBsMsWIsMitej
IsiiiiiiiiiHHB dSIRsHPmBK
Port of Cordova, Alaska.
tots, who excel children of equal age
In the East I do not say that from
prejudice, but becauso it is a fact A
two-year-old child born and bred iq
Alaska is superior, mentally and.
physically, to one of the same age ah
most anywhere else. It Is, I believe,
duo to the splendid climate and out
door life which they all lead out thero.
"And how patriotic they are. How
their little chests Bwell when thoy sing
their Alaskan songs. Somehow, the
things which go to mako patriotism
seem to mean more to them than to,
the majority of American children.
One point In particular which Mrs.
Strong brought out 1b of unusual In
terest, whichever way you look at It,
"Alaska has had Its own legislatura
but a little over a year. And the first
bill which was passed by that bod;
gave to the women of tho territory tha
right of suffrage. It was granted prao
tically without being sought. No
movement existed then, or doe3 now,
which could properly be termed a
'suffrage movement.' They just passed
tho bill, that's all. Slnco then several
women havo hold ofllces, such as mem
bership on the board of education nnd
other similar places. And in every in
stance they have warranted tho trusl
and responsibility reposed in them.
But as for a "movement,' it doesn'i
exist."
Seventeen years ago Governor and
Mrs. Strong first went "prospecting."
"Wo woro among the 40,000 whu
ruBhed to Dawson when the 'gold
fever broke out," said Mrs. Strong.
"Then in 1899 we went to Nome,
where we lived for several years.
Onco, In 1906, we left the country, de
termined never to return. But we
wero back in a few months, so strong
had our lovo for it grown.
"In tho years we have lived there
we havo traveled over most of Alas
ka. Two trips, especially, I recall,
Ono wo made when wo first entered
tho country. It is what is known as
the interior trip of tho Yukon over
wild mountain passes, behind dog
teams, whlpsawlng our lumber for
rude craft when we came to the
streams. It was a trip through the
primitive, with obstacles on every
hand. And yot, I can recall no cir
cumstances which struck me as a big
advonturo at tho time. One takes th
days as they come, overcomes whal
obstacles appear and keeps on.
"Tho second trip we made when the
governor had beon In office but s
short tlmo. It was over tho same
trail. But, oh, what a different trip!
Along tho mountain passes In well,
equipped trains, nnd on tho rivers in
the palatial Yukon steamers. It was
a contrast I shall never forget."
Baby Drowns In Water Jar.
Vinconnes, Ind. Claronce Smith,
aged ono year, fell into a six-gallon Jar
filled with water and was drowned.
lives then by digging her claws In the
motorraan's flesh. Lnter she was
brought to Central station and used
as an exhibit against tho man who
used her as a substitute for a brick.
At tho conclusion of tho bearing
"Strike" loft tho witness Btand nnd,
unnoticed, walked from tho room. Sho
wandered across tho corridor Into the
electrical bureau. Sho mot Jim and
they beenmo friends.
It may not pay to bo honest, but it
' does not always pay to bo dishonest.
llonTeta
THelpsT
HEDGES FOR THE GARDEN
They Protect the Yard, Mark Boun
daries, Hide Ugly Spots and Serve
Many Useful Purposes.
Hedges, If you havo place for thorn,
sorvo at once tho uses of utility and
beauty. They protect your yard, help
you out In many wayB, such as mark
ing boundaries, hiding tigly sights or
guarding beds of tender things from
blustery winds, and thoy add to tho
appearance of your gardon. In older
times thoro la reason to believe that
tho protectlvo feature of hedges com
mended thorn chiefly to landowners,
keeping out cattle", and even men.
Thero are a great many hedges In the
country which wore planted and
trained with that purpose.
Think for a mlnuto of tho places
whero you could use a hedge. It can
mark off the boundary between front
yard and back; can mark off tho
limits of a vegetable garden, and pro
tect It, too; it can hide a boundary
fence, it you wish, and mako It a
thing of boauty; It enn be used as a
background for a border of flowers.
Hedges aro of slower growth than
the average things the gardener
plants, but thoy Improve from year
to year, and It Is an excellent cor
rective to have things of this moro
lolsurely class about tho place.
California privet is tho hedge gen
erally chosen for practical use. It
hns much to endear It to the gardener.
It will grow rapidly and can bo
clipped as much as you ploase. Few
if any pests havo a fondness for tho
California privet, and it holdB its
greenness well through tho Benson.
Tho main objection Is that it is too
common; nnd it is well to remomber,
too, that ono curso of small gardens
In this country Is that they are too
formal. California privet will add to
that formality. '
Other varieties of tho privet hedgo
havo been much used, too. Thero is a
hardy Sheridan sdrt that has many
excellent qualities of resistance, and
attractive appearance. Box is not to
bo recommonded to the average gar
dener in this region.
Evergreen hedges are a good cholco
as a rule. Hemlock, arbor vltae and
Norway spruce are threo standard se
lections. Arbor vltae, onco universal,
has now lost much of its popularity
to hemlock. Norway spruce may bo
mado into an attractive hedge.
There are other hedges of extra
ordinary grace and beauty. The Jap
anese barberry is ono. Both leaf and
stem of th 1b plant are graceful and
delicate, and the conformation of the
plant is pleasing. The red berries
stay on through the winter.
Tho rosa rugosa makes 'a splendid
hedgo, but one should bo wary of
planting It on too small a space. It
is best to keep tho proportions in gar
dens as well as in architecture.
Thero are many othor hedgo possibili
ties lilac, spiraeas, honeysuckle,
cedar. New York Post.
LIGHTING OF OUR STREETS
Rapid Change In Respect to lllurnl-
nants Throws Municipal Engineers
Into Quandary.
Municipal engineers who find them
selves confronted with the renewal
of city lighting contracts are Just now
in" somewhat of a quandary. A rapid
and extensive change Ib going on with
respect to illumlnants, and it brings
with it the possibility of extremely
radical changes in street lighting. For
tho first time thore is now available
a highly efficient lamp of a thoroughly
practical character In units of mod
erato size. Tho tungsten lamp as used
In the last few years Is an excellent
small unit, but not for a moment com
parable In efficiency, that Is In candle
power per dollar, with the modern
arcs which came into use about the
same time. At tho present the nitro
gen lamp Is beginning rapidly to push
out the older tungsten form of in
candescent and will probably end by
dlsplaolng as well all except the high
er grade of arc lighting. Engineer
ing Record.
Decadence of Villages.
The typical American village, from
New York to New Mexico, Is often
wanting In civio spirit. That fact is
writ large upon lta faco. It has one
focus of Interest In the school and
half n dozen In tho churches and
lodges. But It lacks the solidarity
that would manifest Itself in a genu
ine village pride. A population small
enough to be really a unit and perma
nent enough to strike its roots deep,
yet does not o.-ganlze Itself. This Is
not truo of the towns of New Eng
land, which 50 years ago looked after
their lycouras, their commonB, shndo
trees and white palings. But the
dreariness of most western, Atlantic
and southern villages testifies to tho
rule; they bear an unkempt aspect
which, aB William Allen White wrote,
requires the touch of twilight to give
It kindliness.
Tho chan go must follow upon the
birth of a now social spirit in the vil
lage Itself. Wherovor In tho future
wo hav a beautiful center we may
bo sure a set of social minded peo
plo has been created.
Deadliest Diseases,
Tuberculosis of the lungs, com
monly oallod "consumption," still
bears the unenviable palm aB a de
stroyer of the human race, or of that
portion of It that is found in the
United States. A close second to tu
berculosis comes pneumonia, then tho
various forms of stomach troubleB,
with cancer following bard after them
all. Heart dlseaso ranks well up with
tho above-mentioned maladies, while
Brlght's disease and diabetes are re
sponsible frr the death of thousna-ls.
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