DAKOTA COUNTY HERALD; DAKOTA CITY, NEBRASKA.
1
VOnENASJIANAGER
Of POULTRY FAMS
& m$. n
HE successful man&gemont
of a poultry farm depends
primarily upon the natu
ral taste (or the business
BuOlcIcnt to embrace a
love for as well as an In
terest In fowls. The wom
an who succoeds must
' have a capacity to manage
ueiuns noimy 10 uircci
lured help If such is necessary.
Sho must have power to under
stand the market and good judgment
In regard to tho merits of tho dif
ferent breeds. There aio many nota
ble examples of women who havo suc
ceeded with poultry raising. I know
many who are good fanciers, many
good commercial poultry raisers aiul
tnoy are all ener
getic. They know
how to push aside
tho difficulties that
arise In tho poul
try business.
During a trip I
once took I vis
ited a real poultry
farm where a wom
an was hired on a
monthly salary for
faking chnrgfi and
performing all tho
labor connected
with tho farm. 1
know many who havo largo turkey
farms, many own large duck farms.
Ducks have come to stay and tho
breeder who gU-ts them special atten
tion will realise a good profit from
them. There are great possibilities In
store for duck raisers.
Poultry farming Is a hobby of mine.
I know It to bo one of tho healthiest
outdoor occupations that woman can
enter. Women porhaps need hobblca
oven moro than men do; their lives
aro moro circumscribed. Woman Is
often held at homo by a thousand ties
which she would not loosen If sho
could and could not If sho would. Let
her havo a hobby, thon, which will
direct her thoughts from her small
caros.
Some time ago a man said to me,
"Chicken raising Is nothing but a fad."
Even bo; it does ono good to havo a
hobby to ride If they only get there.
It will pay to ride a safe hobby and
thero is nothing moro profitable than
tho "fancy fowl fad,"
Did you over attend a poultry show
and notice how many exhibitors there
are? Thpro Is Just as good a chance
for a woman towln a prize on her
poultry as men. It's simply a matter
of knowing how.
A great many women when they
want to Increase their Income Just
add to tho number of their flock, and
If you want to sell out your stock you
can do so any tlmo of the year. The
hungry public buys our poultry prod
ucts greedily and nt any time.
A great many have a tasto for coun
try Ilfo and natural capacity for the
management of a farm; with poultry
raiding tho raising of fruit can be
combined profitably. Who is adapted?
Tho woman who may become a good
manager of a household has tho quali
ties which ln&uro success ae poultry
raisers and women would not bo poul
try ralBora If they did not havo a
ctrong taste in that direction,
If she 1b endowed with that taBte
all else follows naturally. If wo care
for poultry we like to boo It and thte
trains tho eye to recognizo types and
to estimate a correct vnluo from it;
it enables one to detect tho conditions
w'nlch in tho beginning may mako the
difference between success and fail
ure. A prime requisite with poultry Is
that it bo kept. Tho sympathetic na
ture -In woman leads her to provide
.for comfort. Her care for appearance
has. real value la tho market, which
Is tho-final teat of her ability to pro
duco. It is in this placo whom we
differ from women In all other call
ings. Wo are not handicapped by our
Be.
Wo have never had a discount pro
posed because poultry was ownod by
women, while on the other hand, no
jnatter how well wo teach, clerk, etc.,
we find an inevitable discrimination
against us in the pay offered our abil
ity In thoso lines.
Poultry farming affords a profitable
outlet for intelligence and enorgy with
Independence. If wo aro fittod for
this work we will find a perpetual
-charm In poultry farming. It aleo
.gives us n opportunity to maintain a
home wiiero othors may find refuge.
There Ib no monotony in such a lift),
Wo have tho poultry papers, tho fairs
and shows these keep the mind alert
&nd the Interests engaged.
Tho woman engaged In It finds the
business of poultry raising projected
on such a generous scale that sho has
no fear of othors In tho euino busi
ness. Then, too, the poultry farmer
Is her own boss. Poultry farming
has many features which would ap
peal to woman. Bhe Is mistress of
the situation. The business is hero.
Don't bo an amateur In tho work.
Spend all yqur ability In becoming a
professional. If the women who half
Btarws trying to teach, clerk, etc.,
would only omploy their tlmo raising
poultry for the market they would
make fortunes. If nine-tenths of tho
actresses would put as much tlmo and
study on the characteristics of a hon
m they do studying Ljidy Macbeth
GOT INTO PROPER UNIFORM
Secretary tiewarb Showed Resource
of DIplomM In Meeting Require-
mnt of Situation,
At one time such divinity hedged
klngaaiK? queens that treattm was not
louo In fearing to peop at them.
.Americans In civilian dross also were
fcopt at a d-ntance. In thin connection
thero may Iio citod an instance whero
iu Becrctary Sewurd bad part,
Upward, who had been rccolved with
Kit
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r wilcoxqn
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A Fine Flock of PlymouthRocks Some Young Duck
UnQ8 Trap Nests Simp e Feeding and Drinking
Device Whlto Wyandottes.
they would bo walking on volvot in
etead of beating tho hard pavements
looking for a Job.
If nature intended you to do this
work, do It. A successful foundation
with poultry Is first made b. going
Into details In rogard to tho little
things that In tho beginning seem to
bo so Insignificant,
Wofnen have greater aptltudo than
men. Tho prosent-day farmer 1b the
man of tho hour (man or woman),
who has already made a success In
cattlo and hog ralelng. You will not
And a practical farmer who has al
ready mado a success, fall It ho or alio
undertakes poultry. Why? Uecause
they go about It on businesslike prin
ciples with no thought of failure.
Thero Is nothing about poultry
farming but what can bo learned by
any bright woman and there Is no
part of tho work woman cannot do
If sho Is bo minded. I boo womon In
poor health reaping a good harvest
both physically and financially In tho
poultry business, and I wonder why
moro women do not indulgo In this
health-giving business. Often womon
aro left compunlonless on tho farm.
Why not try poultry raUIng Instead of
moving to tho city to find something
to do to oko out a moro exlstonco?
They write mo, "What brunch of tho
poultry business shall I tako up?" You
will havo to docldo for yourself; as
bo much depends upon tho location,
the demand, tho market, etc.
nuBlnoss methods will pay, Profit
or loss can bo Known only by good
bookkeoplng. Wo cannot overesti
mate tho Importance' of kooplng roc
ords of our hons Upon tlieBo records
depends tho success or fatluro of our
business, Under present conditions
with tho Increased cost of everything
which enters Into tho production of a
dozen eggs cornea tho necessity for
tho application of stricter mothods of
economy and a closer attention to
every detail.
We must get out of the old ruts and
open an account with tho henB, giving
thorn credit for what they produce
and charging thorn with what they
consume.
But some one says, "That is too
much work! Wo cannot afford to
spend, the. time keeping thoso ac
counts!" I daro say some of you
ujll find some surprises awaiting you
when you begin keeping an account
great respect In Russia, came to Eng
land, and naturally desired to go to
court. He was to be presented at the
lovee by tho American minister aa a
sonator of the United States.
Ho drove off at tho appointed hour
to the palace, but was stopped In tho
corridor by a man In uniform, who
said that Mr. Seward could not pass
because ho was not "properly
drossed."
Tho American was In full eveniug
dress, but U would not do. The offl
J cUl explained that he must havo knoe
T T T ffiRfiilBI '
of your flock.
Tho hen owner
has, by the use
of the trap nest,
determined the
egg -production
ability of tho
hens and has
taken tho first
stop In discov
ering tho differ
ence between a
profltablo hen
and an unprofit
able ono.
The question
often arises
"What is a
profltablo hen?"
Tho only direct
aii8vor must of
necessity bo a
goneral ono. A
profitable hon
may bo defined
as ono that will
produce enough
to pay for feed, care, interest on tho
necessary Investments nna some proi
It besides. Tho cost of keeping a
hen will vary according to locality and
cost of feed and labor.
In a groat many localltleB the laying
hon Is receiving her share of atten
tion. For a groat many yoars in tho
past sho has been a sldo Issue. Very
fow havo realized tho Importance of
tho laying hen and tho prominent po
sition she le fllling in tho agricultural
affairs of tho United States.
i With tho land Increasing In value
rapidly tho farmer is now beginning
to wonder how he can mako tho great
est amount of profit and interest on
tho amount invested. Dy this I do
not advocate tho farmer turning his
ontlra attention to poultry, but just
a hint to tho farmers' wives and
A Fine Healthy Flock
Vacation of English Judge.
The Judges who are to have their
holidays curtailed may look back with
u blgh to the good old tlmcB of a cen
tury ago. Tho four law terms Into
which tho year was divided lastod only
a few weeks each, while the long va
cation was of three months' duration.
Then thero were a liberal number of
royal birthdays and saints' days
which furnished an excuse for a holi
day. Uut against this tho courts
opened punctually at 10 every morn-
breeches, silk stocking and buckled
shoes, all theso being absolutely nec
essary. An Idea struck Seward. There
was an old man about hU size, tho
porter of tho hotol at which he was
staying, who sat in a box In the hall,
and oft the American drove to find
him.
The mission was crowned with suc
cess. The porter had a beautiful pair
of now kneo breeches and black Bilk
stockings, together with buckled
shoes. A tew shillings for the loan
wore all that was needed. Mr. Sow
MM jiiniu inii
daughters who havo to go away from
homo to find something profitable to
do for spondlng money.
You can more than earn spending
money at home by raising poultry with
300 hons, the profits from wMch
would assure you a larger income
than tho factory hand and not bo many
hours' work por day and this mostly
In tho open air. You would bo In no
danger of "losing your Job," for the
hens nre capable of producing from
200 to 2B0 eggs per each year.
Good, puro-bred stock is one of tho
features for tho most rapid improve
ment. Too many do not give enough
thought to the breeding side, and
even the matter of production re
ceives but little attention. On under
taking any enterprise in whatever
line it is extremely necessary to con
sider if what wo aro doing is to result
in nucce&s.
First, determine tho breed desired.
I would strongly urge the necessity of
choosing at the outeet ono of the best
breeds and sticking to it If rightly
managed a flock of 300 hens will
bring in not less than ?500 a year.
I havo read of some making $500 with
only six hens and a cockerel. These
persons receive fancy prices for their
products. I am just talking about the
ordinary prices that the majority of
farmers obtain.
Let mo tell you that this cannot bo
done with scrub stock. This Is whero
the mongrel fails and the pure-bred
wins. A farm full of laying hens is
a groat holp bocauso they are a dally
cash income.
About the first step to make is to
go right out to the hen house. Don't
figure on paper. Sit right down among
them and see if you can find wherein
you can mako Improvements for this
season's work.
You can mako money with poultry
It you love the chickens and etarl
out with tho intention that you. aro
going to mako a living at tho busi
ness and If you aro not afraid to work
and will apply yourselves to the task
of looking after and caring for tho
fowls.
of White Wyandottes.
ing, and never took a half holiday on
Saturday, and sat after dinner, some
times well Into tho nlgh,t a remarka
bio feat when wo remember that law
yers of thn period wore nearly all
"throe or six bottle men." London
Chronicle.
Firmness of Purpose.
Firmness of purpose Ib ono of the
moat necessary Blnewa of character
and ono of the best Instruments of
BUcceBB. Chesterfield.
ard was epevdlly equipped, drove back
to tho palace, where ho was admitted
and finally had tho pleasure of making
his bow in the hotol porter's clothos
to her majesty.
Now all that Is changed, and Amer
icon citizens attend European courts
in plain evening dress.
Accent on the A.
Redd Thero Is very little difference
between a booster and a boaster.
Greene Perhaps, but you must ad
mit thero la a difference.
Making Tomorrows
World
By WALTER WILLIAMS, LL.D.
(Own of tin School tf Jenrncttm oflht UntHnltg oMluoarQ
FREE HOLLAND'S
Datavla, Java.
Kechll was only
six years old.
Slight of figure
and short of stat
ure, sho appeared
even younger. Hor
name, in Javanese
moaning "Tiny
Ono," had been
given hor at birth,
not becauso sho
was small, but as
expression of en
dearment. Tho
Javancso, a smll
1 n g , bright-eyed,
brown -skinned
raco, aro devoted
to their children.
Indood, when
SIna, who was
Kcchil's oldest
Bister, tho first-born of tho family,
camo to tho Java home, her parents'
names wero changed, according to an
cient native custom, and they were
thereafter known by words that mean
in our prosaic English Pa Sina and
Ma Sinn. Tho baby is an Important
peraonago In tho Javanese homo life.
Practical Peonage Enforced.
When Kechll went to work In tho
sorting room of the big tea estato she
was acarcely flvo yeara of ago. La
bor was needed at tho tea estate, how
ever. The Dutch rulers of tho East
Indies archipelago havo a century-old
system of Impressment of labor which,
technically abolished in some Islands
and for somo purposes, exists In act
ual practise almost to peonago in dis
tricts off the tourists' beaten track.
Nowhere in tho Dutch archipelago is
thero a child-labor law. Nowhere is
thero compulsory school attendance.
Why seek to compel tho attendance of
children at schools when there nre not
schools enough provided to accom
modate thoso who go voluntarily?
Why have a child-labor law when it
would Interfere with tho profits of the
Dutch-owned estates? Tho very Idea
seemed ridiculous to tho courteous
manager of tho estate. As for send
ing girlB to school bah! That might
do in Europe and of course In Amer
ica, whero ho had heard they even
sent black girls to school, and did
other mad things, or possibly In Da
tavla and the big towns, but not in
tho country districts, no, Indeed.
No Protection for Laborers.
Nor is there a minimum wage law
or any other legislation which gives
Natives
protection to tho nattvo laborer,
young or old, in Java. "It isn't hard'
work," said tho manager, "this sort
ing of tea. Tho baskets with the tea
are light. TheBe handled by tho young
girls weigh but a fow pounds. The
houra aro only from bIx In tho morn
ing until four in the afternoon, with
tlmo for lunch." Thero may bo a
dlfferenco of opinion as to the work.
To shako a bIcvo holding ten pounds
of tea, moro or less, for nlno or ten
hours a day, in a climate of tropical"
heat, might bo regarded by some per
sons ns rather hard work. In the
Bortlng room with Kechll wero a hun
dred other laborers, girls and women.
"Tho wageB," replied tho manager.
"Wo pay according to tho work dono.
Our ecale of wages Is about a half
cent higher than that usually paid.
Somo of tho moro skillful women can
earn 60 or CO cents a day, Dutch
monoy (in American money, 20 to 24
cents)." Kechll, tho Tiny Ono, had
been working a year. She wan paid
tho equivalent of four cents, Ameri
can monoy, a day.
The Overseer's "Housekeeper."
Kechll's mother and two sisters
work in the factory. Her oldost sis
tor, Slna, had worked there. She did
not now. Sho had a dash of rose-color
in her rounded cheeks, was graceful
and pleasing to look upon, with the
morry laugh and chatter characteris
tic ot tho Jaanese. Ono evening tho
overseer called Slna into his bunga
low. She struggled, but of no avail.
Her father appealed to the magistrate,
but with no moro success. Tho double
standard ot Justice exists in Java
ono standard for tho Europeans and an
other, save in a tew notable cases, for
the native. Slna remained as "house
keeper" In the overseer's bungalow,
her predecessor being no longer pleas
ing in tho master's sight. Sho did not
return to the tea factory, nor did tho
color return to her cheeks. "Thoso
Europeans and missionaries put foul
SLAVE ISLANDS
ish Ideas Into tho heada of tho na
tives," said a sugar-planter from Sem
crang. "Why, they oven expect us to
marry their daughters. It is not now
like what do you call It the good old
times." There aro many Slnas, but
the half-caste, bo numerous In the
East, receives, It is fair to thoDutch
to Bay, moro generous treatment, on
tho Dutch Islands, than tho half-caste
or Eurasian In tho British possessions.
Kechll's father and brothers, Jav,
aneso of Intelligence and strength,
could relate, If thoy dared, stories of
their own enforced labor which mako
tho Dutch islands In tho Far East,
mistakenly, called model colonies,
aeem slave Islands. Her father could
tell and did tell, under pledge of se
crecy as to his name some things
from his owii experience and others
from tho common stock of native
knowledge.
Few moro fertllo countries aro to bo
found In all tho world than Java. Its
Inhabitants are born farmers, skilled
in irrigation methods and with ox
pert acquaintance with hydraulics,
and yet, living in a lend whero the
richest harvests como with scarcely
an effort, largo territories aro periodi
cally visited by famine. "Tho cauBO
of this," said J. F. Scheltema, "has to
bo sought in a Bystem of colonial ex
ploitation which mado tho natives
raise products for tho European mar
kets by forced labor and deliver them
into the government storehouses
whence they wero shipped to Holland
and sold at an enormous profit. This
system, called after Count van den
Bosch, on whose recommendation It
was introduced, to meet Holland's
financial difficulties, has now been
abandoned, though tho corvee, the
calling out of the villagers in un
paid service for tho mending of roads,
etc., continues as before. Even now,
however, It would be too much to say
that native toll, when demanded by
direct or indirect pressure, "always
commands wages sufficient to keep
body and soul together. The word
"coffeo" still has an especially om
inous sound in native ears, for it re
minds them of tho oppression connect
ed with tho growing of that commod
ity for government purposes. Rice,
tho principal food of tho people, If
they can afford' It, 1b also their prin
cipal crop, and yet, for reasons closely
connected with the government's
methods referred to, the production
does not como up to the consumption.
Though Java exportB rice, particular-
of Java.
ly rice of superior quality, It imports
for native use a far greater quantity
of tho coarser kinds." Kechll's fa
ther, liko many of hia follows, worked
for little or no wage for government
or planter that they might havo
profit, and then, after hours or in
vacation days, grew rlco and other
food products to support his family
and himself.
Java, thanka largely to tho official
tourist bureau, is the best known of
tho Islands constituting the Nether
lands' East Indies. It is also tho best
governed, tho most prosperous nnd
(ho ono whero tho moat consideration,
slight though this may bo, has been
shown by tho Dutch government for
tho welfaro of the natives. Java has
a population of 35,000,000, moro than
one-third the population ot tho United
Statea. Six hundred to a square mile
live on tho Island. Borneo, Sumatra
and Celebes, all iBlanda In tho Dutch
archipelago, exceed Java in size. In
theso the conditions are even less fa
vorablo to tho development of tho na
tive population.
Have No Political Rights.
In Java the primary schools open to
natives aro few and Inadequate, and,
except recently for doctors, there are
no higher Institutions of learntng.
The natlvo wishing higher education
must go to Holland. Taxation Is high,
particularly for tho native, and tho
returns ho receives therefrom aro few
Indeed. Ho has no voice in nny Admin
istration of tho island's affairs. Ho
cannot vote nor hold office ot any Im
portance. portance. Ho travels In railway cars
and Is herded in publlo place in apart
ments, contemptuously marked "In
landers," which comparo with tho
quarters set apart for Europeans as
tho slums with tho palaco. Tho laws
aro specifically drawn to dlvido tho
population into classes and tho na
tives, intelligent, peaceful, moral,
though they may be, constituting 98
per cent of tho total number ot in
habitants, nro grouped Irrevocably in
tho lowest class. Thoy aro n peo
ple held In practical peonage by
a nation which last year celebrated Its
ono hundredth year of Its freedom.
When E. F. E. Douwcb Dokker and
TJIpto Mancoonkoosoemo, editors ot
tho Java Expross, protested and plead
ed, In rather vigorous language, for
fairer treatment for the natives of
Java, for Justico and freedom, tho
Dutch government promptly exiled
thorn from tho Island, and they are
now in banishmont n Holland.
Thq Dutch government, sternor in
administration in tho archipelago
than tho Holland officials at homo bo
llevo or wish, haB been forced to tako
cognizanco ot tho awakening demand
for liberty and Justico. Tho Moham
medan organization, though Its chief
aim is religious, has had somo effect
in disclosing conditions and urging
social nnd political reform. Moreover,
In a country whore tho discussion of
politics Is not merely discouraged but
by law forbidden, it is hopeful to
find a political society, well organized,
with moro than 12,000 members, the
Indlscho or Indian party, tho avowed
purposo of which Is equality beforo
tho law for all Inhabitants of the Is
lands. This BOdety includes in its
membership all classes and Is doing
an excellent educational work though,
prudent as Its leaders are In tho main.
It comes frequently into collision with
tho local government. Tho organ of
tho society is the Java ExpresB, edit
ed at Bandoeng by H. C. Kakebeeke,
a Dutchman by birth, a resident of
Java, but by naturalization a citizen
of tho United States. The Express is
tho best edited newspaper in Java,
and has tho largest circulation. Kechll,
Slna, their father and brothers and
tho 35,000,000 of tho same race aro
not Without a strong advocate.
Alms of Reform Society.
"Tho object of tho IndlBcho party,"
explained Mr. Kaikebeeke, "is to awak
en the patriotism of all Indians for tho
soil that nurtures them, to create a
desiro for political equality In an
Indian fatherland and thus prepare
tho way for Independence." It was
this hint nt possible future Independ
ence that caused tho governor-general
to decline to permit tho Incor
poration of the society under tha
forms of law. "Tho Indlscho party
purposes," said Mr. Kakebeeke, "to
teach the history of theso people to
them in order to awaken tho latent
national sentiment. Wo would abolish
all special privileges that attach to
race or caste. Wo aro opposed to re
ligious sectarianism or strife. We seek
the establishment of technical schools
that tho natives may become skilled
to do their own technical work rather
than bo compelled to Import men to
do It. Wo wish free education for all,
morality taught in the schools and no
difference in education because of
race or sex. Wo favor ono law for
Europeans and natives alike. Wo de
sire to enlarge the Influence of tho
natlvo In tho government by giving
him the right to participate in it. We
wish to equalize taxation, to protect
tho laborer, to improve economic and
Bocial conditions, and to do all theso
things within tho law."
Robbery by Tax-Collectors.
Conditions far worso than thoso
which the Indische party seekB to rem
edy in Java exist in tho other Islands
of tho archipelago, Bornuo, Sumatra,
Celebes and tho smaller ones. In
these the natlvo Is a peon, half-savago
and half-slavo. The exceptions are
not numerous. Tako tho matter ot
taxation in Borneo, as tho one suffi
cient example of tho general rule.
Let an intelligent, high-minded, pa
triotic Dutchman tell tho story. "I
lived for somo tlmd among tho prim
itive population in Borneo," ho said.
"Away in the Interior the different
tribes of tho so-called dreadful Da
Jaks wero my helpers. Shy at first,
thoy soon became friendly when they
found that I waa not after their slen
der belongings but paid fair wages.
One day a government tax collector
came. When you and I pay taxes wo
get something In return, pollco pro
tection, courts, Justice. These Bor
neo natives get nothing in return. Tho
tax-collector kept at his work until
thero was not a fellow in tho whole
camp that had a dollar left except my
self. Ho stripped tho camp and tho
natlvo village bare of everything oi
value. His boats carried it all down
the rlvei" as taxes. The Dajaks, who
still aro uncivilized and cut off their
enemies' heads, when they hear of tha
visit of the tax-collector to any tribe,
immediately attack those thus visited,
knowing they will have nothing left
with which to make defense. la it
strange that the tax-collector ia some
times tho victim of the enraged na
tives? I do not blamo him for his
tax-collecting. The stay-at-homea must
havo revonuo, and he must produce it
for them. It is a rotten system of
avarice and greed."
Rebellion Mercilessly Suppressed.
Occasionally even the light-hearted,
hapy-go-lucky Javanese rebels against
such treatment and there is blood
Bhed. Tho Dutch speedily and merci
lessly Buppresa tho Insurrection and
tho outside world, bo rigid is the' con
trol of tho press, hears little or noth
ing of it. In tho other islands, par
ticularly In Sumatra and Borneo,
where the natives are less gentlo
than in Java, thero is constant strife.
In Timor tho natives aroso In wrath
tho other day at the exactlona and
bestialities ot an official and well-nigh
toppled tho entire government of the
island, half Dutch and half Portu
guese, into tho sea. Though thero
aro many excellent and unselfish men
In tho Dutch administration ot tbo
East Indies, tho system is one of ex
ploitation primarily. It shows well on
tho bank books, but not in the Uvea
of tho native men and women.
Kechll's face brightened into a
Bmlle. Sho had begun work early
that Sunday morning tho exploiter
of Java has no Sabbath in hia calen
dai" and sho might earn tho enor
mous Bum of flvo cents for her ten
hours' labor. The stern overseer, too,
had smiled at he:- visitors were In"
tho room and tho gentle Javanese
aro quick to respond In kind to gen
erous humor. Suddenly tho baby
worker's faco hardened Into a frown.
Perhaps tho overseer's smilo suggested
her sister's fate.
(Copyrisht. 1914. by Joseoh B, Bowles.)
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