Nebraska Newspapers

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PAKOTA COUNTY HERALD; DAKOTA CITY, NEBRASKA.
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"Mr. William A. Radford will answer
questions and give ttdvlco FltEE OF
COST on all subject pertaining to the
subject of bulldlng-.jfor the readers of this
paper. On account of his wide experience
u Editor, Author and Manufacturer, ho
It, without doubt, the highest authority
n all these subjects. Address all Inquiries
to 'Wllllftm A. nadford. No. 178 West
Jackson boulevard, Chicago, 111., and only
enclose two-cant stamp for reply.
In soma locations a house of" one
story and a half looks better than a
higher one. Some folks like to build
low houses and to make them wider.
There are all kinds of houses and all
sorts of people, so that everyone
should be satisfied. There Is a com
fortable look about the little cottage
here Illustrated that I like.. It has a
roomy, comfortable cool appearance
- for'Eummer; and it looks as though n
good furnaco In tho cellar would
make It warm and cozy In the winter,
too. It Is 30x45 feet long on the
ground, with tho addition of two com
fortablo porches.
This house should face tho north.
Not oyory house plan is suitable for a
lot with a northorn exposure Gen
erally speaking, a southern frontngo Is
preferred; but sometimes a northern
outlook Is desirable. It Is not posslblo
to face every house to tho south, be
cause there are not sites enough of
this kind to go around. There are
advantages iifa northern exposure,
with a bouse built like this, which off
set some of the disadvantages. Tho
parlor, library and downstairs bed
room could got, tho east sun In ihe
morning. Tho kitchen would bo bright
and cheerful whilo tho work Is going
on in the forenoon, and tho dining
room would be pleasant in winter time
"from ten or eleven o'clock in tho morn
ing until night. Tho hallways, both up
stairs and down, could be spared for
tho .northern exposure, because hall
ways arc- not occupied except as pasi
sageways.
Thero is an opportunity In this
houso to put in two grates, one in, tho
library and ono In the parlor. A great
deal of attention is now bolng paid to
grates' and"mantels. -Homo now Cali
fornia grates .are raised abovo the
floor of tho room, set upon a sort of
step or-pedestal. .The idea is that
raising the, fire slightly gets It up
where it may be seen to better advan
tage, and It Is said to be a little
cleaner, Sometimes the fire step
reaches out in front like a hearth, ana
xtends on' one side to the outer edge
of the chimney. Architects and build
ers are giving more attention to
grates and mantels, and the result "is
that some extraordinary effects are
belMg" introduced- into expensive
houses. It- la all right toi make an in
teresting feature of a grate and -mantel;
but It Is all. wrong to make any
one thing in a bouse prominent above
-
First Floor Plan.
everything else. Thoro Is Buch a
x .thing as harmony in houso construe
vtlos, as well as in dress or music. ,
One reason why open tires aro not
more popular 1b becauso the draft of
the chimney has so often been loft
ut' of the contract. It is easy to spo-
elfy the size and height, and to stlpu
' vate the amount of brick to be Incor
porated In the chimney; but It is not
o easy to specify the amount of air
that shall pass up the flue In. a gives
, length of time. The-draft, however, Is
sere Important than any other part of
the chimney. Without a good draft It
is impossible to have a satisfactory
lire. Builders of chimneys seldom
Agree about the proper way to insure
" 4rw." If the Are will not draw,
tt't an Intolerable nutaenoe. It drives
every oedy out 'of the room with tear
ejbalMd erM ib4 unprintable . expres
siapa.c It also leaves a trail of smoke
the watte; 4 other things very
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lar to have a long, narrow oponlng
above the fire pot; but probably no man
understands exactly why ono chimney
will havo a good draft, whllo another
chimney that looks Just like It will
havo no draft at all. Somo chimneys
with a big throat fall to draw, and
others with comparatively small open
ings work very satisfactorily.
Somo of tho best looking chimneys
aro the poorest in this respect. Some
times on outsldo chimney will not
draw well because It Is too cold. When
air gets heated, it naturally goes up
wards; but until the chimney gets
warm tho current of air is not Inclined
to follow up through the flue. For this
reason somo builders refuse to put a
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Second Floor Plan.
chfmnoy on an outsldo wnll; but the
fact remains that soma outsldo chlm
neys work flrstrato. A miner In tb
foothills will build a chlmnoy for his
cabin out of stone ormud, and it win
work well; whllo a high-priced mason
will spond considerable monoy in con
structing a fine houso chlmnoy that
will not accept a consignment of alt
at any prlco. It is difficult to account
for some things.
Tlioro is as much difference In
grates as there is in chimneys and
mantels; from tho old-fashioned and
irons to the cloood-ln chimney stoves,
thero aro many variations. Thero Is
also a great variety In sizes. Some
grates are too small tor any practical
use, while others are so large that
thoy entail a great waste of fuel
Some of tho closed-ln stoves, those
that havo revolving grates, may be a
little cleaner and easier to take care
of; but they lack tho charm of the
free, open grate. The fire never looks
tho same In one of those expensive af
fairs. It lacks Interest It is a sort of
cross between the fireplace and a
stove; it Is neither ono thing nor the
other. ' .
Building a fireplace In any house la
a mistake unless it 1b intended for
use. A sham ornament of this kind
is a mere mockery, and It Is a disap
pointment. Shums aro never satisfac
tory, A fireplace that is never used Is
a sham. It does not look well, and
should novor find a place in a dwell
ing bouse.
It is estimated that a houso like
tho one here shown can bo built com
plete, with flroplnco, flues and regis
ters, ror from about $1,800 to S2.000;
and this estimate is probably correct
for most localities. Of coureo, wages
and cost of material are very much
h!sh?r lrfmo plncnR than others,
and this must bo taken Into consid
eration in studying houso plans and
estimates
Motal Soles for Farm Shoes.
Shoes with nlumlnum soles nro now
mado for fnrmors nnd laborors who
aro required to work In water or on
damp floors, Tho top of tho shoo la
of leather and tho solo Is a continuous
piece of aluminum which covers the
otiro bottom nnd folds up along tho
sldos, Dotweon tho foot nnd the
motal Ib a heavy felt Insole, and the
heel has a coro of wood to decrease
Its weight Lack of flexibility in the
sole Is mado up for by a bar undor
the ball of tho foot, which glyes a
buoyant roll to tho stop and prevents
flat-tooted walking. Aluminum Is usod
in preference to any other metal be
cause it combines lightness with great
durability, the soles wearing longer
than rubber and being more imper
vious to water, The shoes are made
In three heights and aro comparative
ly lnexpealve. Popular Mechoncls.
Their Money'a Worth.
"I wonder why the collection is al
ways taken up at our church before
the sermon?" said little Bertie Green.
"Why, don't you know!" asked lit
tle Sammy Blaok, with a (light as
sumption of superiority. "That's so
the preacher can tell how good a ser
KEEPING THF. STREETS RIGHT
Matter That Should Appeal to Every
Taxpayer, From Its Point of
Economy.
Nothing bo nearly approaches tho
hearts of tho citizens of any commun
ity as tho condition of the streets, as
they aro over boforo us, and It Is for
this reason that tho taxpayers cannot
spond their money inoro wisely than
to keop tho streets In flrst-claBs condi
tion. This Ib essential not only from
an esthetic point of view and to taRe
care of tho traftlc, but tho character
and condition of tho strcot paving is
one of tho most important factors in
connection with tho valuation of abut
ting property. '
In other words, statistics have
proved that tho valuation of property
always Increases when a now street
pavement has been laid and is in first
class condition, nnd, to a certain do
greo, gradually docroapes when tho
street ' pavement is neglected and in
poor condition. This has been illus
trated time and timo again In cities
throughout this country. Thero aro
many reasons for this, and tho follow
ing are a couple of Illustrations:
In tho first pkico, if tho pavement Is
In first-class condition it is easily
cleaned, and a clean streetalways adds
to tho appearance of tho street and of
courso benefits tho abutting property.
Secondly, It Ib always desirable from
a sanitary point of view, whereas,
when tho pnvemont Is in very poor
condition it is almost Impossible to
clean It and It becomes Insanitary,
which naturally would havo a tendency
to hurt tho valuation of the abutting
property.
It is only within tho last few yoars
that tho public has appreciated tho
numerous benefits to be derived from
good pavements, and thoy aro becom
ing mora and more critical nnd aro de
manding moro monoy to be spent on
and moro attention paid to tho pavo
montB. Tho accompanying photo
graphs bring out tho general appear
ance of tho streets both boforo and
aftor laying tho now paving in such a
way that It must be very evident to
anyone that tho valuation of property
both from a routing and selling point'
of viow must be vory much buttered
after tho streets have been paved.
This subject could bo gono Into in
much moro dotnll, but it is, unneces
sary, as gonorally speaking today tho
public appreciates tho very great im
portance of keeping tho streets In good
condition and must realize that any
monoy spent for this purpose is a wise
expenditure.
TREATMENT MAY SAVE TREE
Judicious "Dentistry" Likely to Pro
long Life and Usefulness of Town's
Chief Ornament.
Whether It Ib a shade or fruit treo
a little Judlolous treatment of a cavity
will often save the treo for many years
of usefulness. Whether it bo a branch
or tho main trunk the treatment will
bo the same. First, all decayed or ap
parently decaying or diseased wood
should bo romoved with n sharp chisel
or knlfo until perfectly sound heart
wood Is exposed. Immediately wash
th- wound with a solution of copper
sUiphate, in the proportion of one
pound of sulphate to five gallons of
water,
. As soon as this has been dono fill
the cavity with a thlp mortar made by
mixing ono part of cemont wjth thnio
parts of clean sand. When it has bo
come stiff but not hard faco it on tho
outsido with thin cement, using a
Irowel to Bmooth tho cement over all
parts that have become Injured. If a
cavity or Bpllt should occur near a
fork of tho treo it would bo an ad
ditional safeguard to put -a long
bolt through both branches so as to
hold them together, Whon tho cement
hardens In a cavity tho trunk will be
perfectly solid and decay will be ar
rested. Farm and Flresldo.
Obeying Instructions.
It was tho busiest .part of tho da
at tho railway station, says Mr, W
Harvey in "Irish Llfo nnd Humor,"
and Michael Flynn, tho nowest porter
rushed up to the Incoming train.
"Change hero;" he cried. Chanjeoi
for Limorlckgalwayanmayo!"
But tho lynx-eyed statton-mnster war
at hand, and ho descended upon Mich
uel.
"Haven't 1 told you boforo," ho Bala
"to sing out tho names of tho stations
cjenrly and distinctly? Uear it In
mind. Sing them out!"
"I will sir." replied tho boy. Andl
when tho next train camo In, tho pas
sengers woro considerably astonished
to hear tho voice of ailclmel trilling:
"Sweot Dreamland fnces
1'nsslng to nnd fro,
Chnngo hero for Limerick,
Galway, and Mnyoi"
Youth's Companion.
Elements of Greatness.
"It Is not necessary for a city to be
olthor noisy or dirty In order to be
great and growing," remarks tho Buf
falo Express, Indeed It Is not, for tho
noisy city, llko tho noisy person,' Is
undor suspicion, and tho dirty city,
llko tho dirty person, is to bo avoided,
Utlca Observer.
Sllmneso of Mr. Stephens.
Speaking of Aloxnudor II. Stephens'
thinness, perhaps It was novor better
characterized than by the niun In
Washington who said that when he
was standing on tho btops of tho capl
tol an empty hack drovo up and Alex
ander II. Stephens got out.
"A Man's Island."
"As a train went out of Paddlngton
Btatlon tho other day," wo aro told,
"thoro wero In n third-class compart
ment two women smoking cigarettes
and a mau knitting." London Punch.
AmRQfmswiwyiTwrztis&
L3UDQWG13GRI!
That tho wild turkey can not only
bo tamed but that ho Is much hardier
than his tamo brothor and that tho
cross between tho nntlvo wild turkey
and tho Bronzo makes the handsom
est bird of tho turkey tribe has been
demonstrated moBt successfully by ox
perlmento along theso linos.
An enterprising Virginian was
lucky enough a fow years ago to cap
ture flvo baby wild turkey chicks
they were only two days old whon ho
caught thorn. I ,
They were given to a tamo turkey
hen who already had a brood of
young ones after thoy had been in
captivity only two days.
At first those shy little fellows
seemed to distrust everything, but
soon beenmo accustomed to tho Vir
ginian, who paid particular attention
to his mixed flock, bringing them ber
ries and itothcr delicacies, at tho snmo
tlmo teaching them to come to his
call to be fed.
Evoryono of the flvo birds grew
up nnd they turned out to bo one
Gobbler and four hens. It Is Inter
esting to note that" although thero
was a mortality of GO per cent, among
tho domestic birds that season, the
flvo wild turkeys were not affected in
any way.
At tho approach of winter a wire
onclosuro was made, thla was also
covered over with wire, making n
perfectly enclosed spaco of 160x45
foot, and at ono end was a small treo
that was enclosed In a 25-foot square
of wire fencing a natural roosting
placo tho enclosed spaco had a
growth of bushes nnd wild vines
growing upon it, also n natural sod.
Tho turkoys put in this limited
space must naturally be fed on such
stuff as would as nenfiy as possible,
resemble, tho food that nature Intend
ed for them, so thoy wero given corn,
wheat, oafs, wild berries, acorns, per
simmons, grit in abundance,, and fresh
water ad libitum.
Tho winter season passed, tho birds
were well and hearty. With the ad
vent of spring, the hens made their
nests in tho enclosure, where honey
suckle vines afforded tho privacy that
they so longed for. Later on tho
young poults arrived, both they and
their half 'domesticated mothers
showed avorolon to man, their nat
ural enemy--so tho broods woro taken
away from the wild hens that had
hatched them, and were given to
some Bronzo hens, who raised 3S birds
out of a hatch of 40.
Tho first adventure being so suc
cessful, tho Virginian followed out
tho same methods with tho 38 birds
that ho had used with tho original
fivo, and the loss of only two birds
was a striking example of tho hardi
ness of tho wild birds.
It is interesting to note that after
tho young birds and their mothers
had been given their freedom, they
showed no disposition to revert to
their wild. state, but always returned
home at night, roosting on the upper
limbs of their tree along with the
other turkeys, the young birds taking
more kindly to domestio ways than
their parents.
After two years of bard work the
Virginian began to realize somo finan
cial returns from his labor, and the
38 birds above mentioned, were sold
at a price aggregating slightly more
than $400, while tho extra eggs gave
him another $250. Tho price of tho
young hens was flOach, while that
received from gobblers was from $12
to $20 each. Eccs easllv sold at 21
nploco. At present he is getting $15
for hens and $20 for gobblers.
Keeping 11 birds during the second
winter, 102 chicks were hatched, and
75 of these were raised to maturity,
the losses wvro caused by accident
or dogs and not by disease, although
tho domestio birds on the farm that
year wero decimated.
Tho wild turkoys roosted undor the
wlro enclosure, the domestic birds
over it. Tho droppings of the latter
naturally foil into tho enclosure. Nono
of tho wild turkeys contracted tho
fatal diseaBo, but showed themselves
not only Immuno to it, but to a long
spell of wet .weather. These birds
hn.v bran thoroughly tostcd nnd havo
shown thomselvos immune to tho
drend disease, black head, as well ns
from othor diseases which affect tho
domestic breeds.
Experiments havo demonstrated
that an Infusion of wild blood will
undoubtedly make a hnrdlor strain of
domostio turkey.
In order that thoro will not be ln-
brocdlng to nn oxtont that would ro
duco tho natural vitality of tho birds,
lino specimens of wild turkoys from
Mexico, Oklahoma, Loulslann, North
Carolina, and othor sections havo
been secured from hunters and others
Interested in tho experiment.
Bolloving that tho domestio bird of
tho present day Is not descended from
tho natlvo turkey, as Is commonly
supposed, but traces Us origin back
Helping Him to Play Better.
Charles Brookfleld, tho co-censor of
plays, who has been very 111 lately,
haB the reputation of being ono of the
wittiest men In London, says Pear
son's Weokly.
Ho onco ran a theatrical season at
tho Haymarket theater. It was not
very successful; In fact, tho theater
was nearly empty every evening, and
the box office returns wero heart
breaking. Ono night the manager asked Mr,
Brookfleld as be waB going oa the
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CjWI&Zr'ZZ Q?&KOfiZ2? '2&W2&&
to the Mexican wild turkey, which
was domesticated in Mexico at the
time of the conquest, tho Virginian
advocates the crossing of the natlvo
turkoy with tho wild Moxicafl bird.
Finding a couple of wild turkey
eggs last summer, and upon exam
ination finding they would soon hatch
out, ho placed them In a basket over
an electric globo which hung in his
room, tho globe being of ordinary
1-candlopower. The bottom of the
baskqt was protected by a piece of
cardboard; over this was placed a
small pleco of flannel. The eggs wero
IS THE DELECTABLE TURKEY
DOOMED TO PASS FOREVER
By L. M. BENNINGTON.
Many a city family man, whenhe
comes to pay from five to seven dol
lars for his Thanksglvlva turkey this
fall, will be quite ready to affirm that
personally' ha-has no objection to the
passing of the turkoy, even as a holi
day piece de resistance.
Prices of turkeys this year aro high
er than ever before. Last year in
the largest cities, first-class birds
brought from 35 to 60 cents per pound
and a five-dollar bill was hardly ade
quate to secure a bird that would suf
ficiently serve an ordinary-sized fam
ily. This year prices will be higher still,
In splto of tho fact that dealers have
been scouring tho country for
months, making contracts in advanco,
and putting Into cold storage every
bird that could be secured, lpng be
fore tho holiday soason opened.
The fact Is that fewer turkeys are,
being raiajed every year, tho decline
in the industry having started six or
sovet) years ago, when tho terrible
dlsoaso of blackhead began to destroy
the flocks In tho New England states.
Tho ravages of this disease havo bo
como so great that in Bhode Island,
which was onco tho great turkoy state,
nono nro now being rulud. Tho dis
ease hns spread to other states
throughout tho east, and its ravaging
offects havo been so disastrous that
thousands of farmers in Now York,
Massachusetts, Now Jersey nnd Now
Hnmpshlro all formerly good turkoy
states, havo practically given up tho
business.
This dlsoaso has Invaded tho west
to somo oxtent, but Its ravages havo
been checked becauso tho means of
preventing It are now much better un
derstood than over boforo, owing to
tho Industrious and intelligent Inves
tigations started several years ago by
tho Ithodo Island Experiment station,
and supplemented by tho work of tho
United States department of agricul
ture stage: "What time shall I bring you
tho box office receipts?"
"Just beforo I go on in my pathetic
scene, please!" Bald Mr. Brookfleld.
Continuous Performance.
Little Mrs. Nowlywod gavo a con
vulslvo sniff and gazed with streaming
eyes at the top of her irate bubby'a
head, tho only bit that showed of him
abovo his morning paper.
"Oh," she cried, and stamped her
small and dainty foot, "how I wish I'd
nover, never marrlpd you, you brute 1
allowed to remain thus placed until
hatched.
Tho globe gave out a heat of from
98 to '102' degrees, and soon the two
eggs doveloped two fine, healthy
chicks. These were taken out to tho
farm nnd both of them wero thriving
until ono of them tried to Bwallowa
small lizard, which choked it to death.
These lurkeyB aro now raised with
white Holland hens, and when young
birds are three-fourths grown they
are put under wire enclosures, raising
them undor as natural conditions as
posslblo.
Blackhead Is a disease of the liver
and intestines which produces a form
of dystentry and is 'caused by minute
parasites, and called blackhetd, be
cause the heads of the affected birds
turn black at a certain stage of the
disease.
In many cases birds die from com
plications induced by the presence of
the disease rather than from its im
mediate effeots.
Blackhead destroys about four
fifths of the young turkeys before
they are six weeks old, and of the re
maining one-fifth, one tenth to one
fifth die at a later period.
The advice given by experts In the
disease is to quit breeding turkeys
wherever it appears, and this is re
sponsible In a very largo degree for
the rapid curtailment of the Industry
in tho eastern states.
The hope of the turkey-ratslng in
dustry appears at present to He in the
west, and thoso' portions of tho south
which have so far escaped this dread
ed disease. Breeders havo now
learned how to prevent the disease,
and in tho west where it has not pro
vailed to any considerable extent,
farmers have taken up turkey-breeding,
oncouraged by tho tremondously
high prices that havo prevailed dur
ing tho past few years and by tho
hope that thoy will bo able ,to escape
tho losses sufferod by tho eastern
breeders who did not know how to
.copo with tho disease.
Turkoys are great rangers, but as
they quickly become nttached to their
attendant, It Is not difficult to control
them. Thoy should bo fed and cared
for by the samo person from tho time
they aro hatched until they aro ready
for tho market. In this way they will
learn to com at the call of the at
tendant, and follow him for long dis
tances, from tho fields to tho coops.
If young turkoys aro carefully han
dled by the samo person they can be
easily driven from ono placo to an
other, and when storms como on they
Why, It's only a year ago you vowed
my smile wbb tho brightest sunshine,
and my voice tho dlvlnest muslol and
n now every t time I open my
m mouth, you t tell mo to s shut
it!" .
"Yes, I know I did," thundered tho
exasperated man, as he bounded from
bis chair and stamped on hlB defense
lees paper, "poor Idiot that I must
have been I But" clutching his head
with both hands "how was I to know
the band would play all day and all the
year round T"
can bo quickly housed. In foreign
countries turkeys aro driven to mar
ket in flocks, and we onco saw a flock
of nearly 300 birds being driven along
tho highway to the railroad station
three miles from the farm, where they
were to bo cooped and shipped to tho
city market.
Tho best-known varieties in Ameri
ca are the Bronze, Naragansett, Buff
and Black. The Boubon Red Is a fine
bird, coming originally from the moun
tains of Kentucky, whoro it flourished
in a wild state for many years. Tho
black turkey of America came from
England, where It is known as tho
Norfolk.
Tho bronze turkey, which is proba
bly tho most popular turkey in this
country, was originated in England,
through the crossing of an American
wild bird upon the black turkey.
The North American wild turkey
was at ono time yo.ry plentifully dis
tributed over the entire country from
the Carolinas to Canada, and most
plentiful to. the sections sub-divided,
a3 Pennsylvania, Ohio and Kentucky.
They were migratory, following tho
food supply, often wandering distances
of from 200 to 300 miles In search of
their favorite food, following the crops
Into the localities where
the season
afforded the greatest production.
Theso early wild turkeys visited the
barnyards of tho early settlers of tho
country whero tame turkeys, brought
over from tho old countries, were
kept, and the result was a great Im
provement in all qualities of this bird.
(Breeders were quick to observe this
Improvement, and sought wild gob
blers to cross upon their domestic-
birds. It Is from this cross thateur
niguesi Biauuara turiceys nave Deen
bred. They have been so carefully
selected, mated and cared for, by tho
fanciers, that there has been produced
perhaps the most beautifully plumaged
and noblest table bird In the world.
Unfortunately, like the wild pigeon,
tho wild turkey has almost disap
peared from this country. A turkey
does not mature until it is about three
years old, and to obtain strong and
vigorous offspring, hens from two to
three years old should be mated to
strong, active males of the same age,
or older. The males and females
should never be taken from the samo
family, and no breeder should go into
the business unless ho is willing to
start with tho standard bred stock.
The critical time In the lives of
turkoys Is In tho first six weeks. They
aro tender little things, and must bo
kopt dry and warm until tho rod be
gins to show on their lieadj. They
should never be turned out whon the
dew Is on the grass, but may bo con
fined In a largo yard, whero they can
havo plenty of exercise. When they
are old enough to run out on the
range with tho mother hen, they must
bo brought in before every storm, and
always at night.
Buyers in all parts of tho country
aro numerous, and aroViulto ready to
take the Uvo birds on foot at tho
farm, and thereby saving tho owner
all trouble of shlplpng and marketing.
Of-course, If tho birds aro slaughtered
on the farm and properly packed In
clean white paper and new boxes, they
will bring a prlco enough higher to
pay for tho labor Involved.
Exactly.
Heiress What do you suppose fa
ther said about my plan of marrying
you?
Algy Give It up, deah girl.
Heiress Yes, thoBO were his very
-words. .
Submerged,
Gabe I hear Miss Sweet has Joined
the great majority.
Steve She isn't dead, Ib she?
Gabe No, she married a man
named Smith. Cincinnati Enqiilrer.
it swi tos wr mwiK
to preach." .
ii.l .