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HERB Is nothing particularly now or
rorolutloaary about the working of
convicts upon tho publlo roads. For
many years it has boon tho custom
In most of tho cities ot this country
to placo vagrants and other minor
offenders caught in tho police drag
not at work upon tho streets and in
a number of states the Inmates of
the penitentiaries havo been omp'loyed at various
times in tho construction of highways.
But tho lnodorn Idea of convict road labor is now
and It is only just beginning to appear in various
parts of tho United Statos. Tho old Idea whoro
oonvict labor was employed on tho roads was
meroly to utilize the labor of the convicts t6 the
best advantago to tho state to make tho convict
iroduco as large a revenue as possible, In order to
Tepay the state for tho expense of maintaining its
.penal Institutions. Into the new idea, there has
cntorcd an clement that was unthought of former
ly. This new element has to do with the reclama
tion of tho convicts, the development of their moral
senses and their ultlmato return to tho world as
law-abiding citizens, rather than as human derelicts,
made unfit, through their prison llfo, for any fur
ther attempt to lead an honest existence.
Tho noW Idea of convict road labor is to aid
both tho state and the convict; to give the state
the 'benefit of the labor that can bo utilized to
greater advantago in this way than In any other,
and to givo tho convict the benefit of the out
door life, tho freedom from the restraint of prison
walls and the different character of discipline that
makes It possible for him to regain his self-respect.
In working out this new idea, especially with
the view to the reformation of the convicts, old
Ideai of prison regulations necessarily havo disap
peared and tho whole system of discipline has been
revolutionized. The honor system has taken the
place of armed guards, in many Instances, and the
road "camp" has replaced the stockades and "bull
pens" of the old days of convict road labor.
Colorado was one of tho first states to adopt the
new Idea, New Jersey began experiments along
the same line a short time later. President "Wood
row Wilson, then governor of New Jersey, is given
credit for the inauguration of tho convict road
work in that state along the new lines. Several
other states have fallen In line, each working
possibly in a different way, but toward the same
general end.
Illinois is the latest, state to make a begin
ning in this work. A force of nearly one hun
dred convicts was recently taken from the peni
tentiary at Jollet and placed at work on the
roads. Armed guards were dispensed with and
the men were placed upon their honor. The
-convicts pledged themselves to make no effort
to escape and the authorities are relying upon
their keeping this promise.
In this caso a tendency soondeveloped on the
part of tho people to overdo the idea of giving
tho convicts greater liberty and pleasure. A
plan to give tho convicts an automobile rldo
and theater party In a nearby city was pro
posed to the authorities, but Governor Dunne
vetoed this program and let It be understood that
whllo it is planned to givo the convicts greater
freedom than they have been accustomed to
within tho prison walls and to aid them In get
ting a better view of life, the fact that they
havo been sentenced to pay a penalty for in
fraction of tho state's laws must not be forgot-
ten and tho men must be made, to realize that
punishment awaits such violations of the stat
utes. Tho working of convicts upon the roads in
Colorado was made possible only a few years
ago by act of the legislature. The system baa
been generally adopted throughout the state
during thn pnRt two or three years, the various
counties co-operating with the state in the im
provement of the highways. The result is seen
In many miles of splendid roads built by tho
convicts.
The honor systom was adopted simultaneously
with tho placing of the convicts on the roads
in Colorado. All of the convicts were not
turned looso from the penitentiary without
guards, but a certain percentage of the prison
rs, including those having the beat prison rec
ords, wero taken from the penitentiary first aa
an experiment. As the success of the experi
ment seemed evident to the authorities, the num
ber of "honor" men was Increased and more
than CO per cent, of the convicts were finally
removed from tho prison and placed in the road
camps.
Warden Tynan and other prison authorities de
clare tho experiment has been even more suc
cessful than they anticipated.
"During tho last three yoara we have had more
than ono thousand Individual prison era in tho
convict camps," says the warden. "These men,
without guards some 300 miles, away from tho
prison have created a national reputation for
loyalty. Less than ono per cent have violated
their pledges by successful escape. v Communi
ties no longer fear to have our convict camps,,
established pear them. Wo have made manhood
as well as money by this healthy, hearty out
door labor. We have built the prisoners up both
physically and morally. Men discharged from
our road camps do not have the prison pallor,
the physical weakness and the hesitating, hang
dog appearance of the typical discharged con
vict They are bronzed, sturdy, healthy, efficient
laborers and are In demand as such. About 80
per cent of thoso we have sent from the camps
on tho completion of their terms have made
good. Tho other 20 per cent, havo mostly found
their way back into prison olsowhere."
Under the Colorado system, tho convict is
allowed ten days off his sentence for each month
of labor performed on tho roads. This is in
addition to the usual reduction made for good
behavior. There aro other lncontlvos for tho
convicts to so conduct themselves that they will
be put at work on the roads, according to War
den Tynan. "For ono thing," ho says, "the man
who Is allowed to leave tho prison for tho road
camp practically has seen tho last of prison if
ho conducts himself properly. His food is bet
ter, his clothing Is better. Ho has not constant
ly beforo his oyos the guns of tho 'guards to
remind him that he Is a convicted criminal and
hns no plnco In poclety. His sclf-rcsrcct re
turns, ho Is taught self-reliance and sustained
application, and theso things enable htm to take
his placo among other people and do a man'a
work when he is roleased from prison."
As to the economic side of the question, War
den Tynan is Just as optimistic. Ho declares
that tho state has saved a large amount of
money and that It will save hundreds of thou
sands of dollars during the next ten years
through tho use of convict labor on tho roads.
With reference to the cost of maintaining th
convicts in the road camps, Warden Tynan gives
Borne statistics.
"In ono of our camps," he says, "we worked
35 men, not including the camp help, one month.
The maintenance of each of these men cost the
state exactly 25 cents per day. The total cost
of all the work for tho month, Including salarlea,
care of stock, feed for teams and coat of equip
ment, was $515.15, or 47 cents per day por
man. Had this number of men been employed at
tho standard wago 'rato of, $2 per day, the cost
of wages alone would have been J1.C32.60."
In New Jersey the 'convicts are handled -a ltt
tlo differently, but tho object is tho Bame. Here
the guards have not thrown away their guns,
but the firearms are not in evidence and the
casual visitor to the convict camp scarcely coa
tell which are the keepers and which convicts.
Woodrow Wilson, when ho was governor Of
Now Jereoy, thought ho saw a way to solve some
of tho problems presented by tho state prisons.
He outlined his idea to the state prison labor
commission and turned over to that body, togeth
er with the state road commissioner, the task
of working out Ills ideas. Tho result of President
Wilson's suggestions Is "Don't Worry Cnmp," thai
first of tho road convict camps to bo established
In New Jersey.
This is very much llko any other summer
camp, except that it is better equipped. Ono
large room holds the convicts' beds, whllo In a
projecting ell there Is spneo for flvo guards,
whose beds aro so placed that evory square foot
of the convicts' quarters can be seen through a
glass partition. This Is the only suggestion of
surveillance, except for the locks, that aro placed
on tho doors at night. Tho convicts' room con
tains a shower-bath and other facilities. The
ventilation Is scientific and the floor, walls, cull
ing and beds aro spotless, Two former chefs,
now convicts, preside In tho kitchen and prepare
tho meals, which includo meat twlco a day and
plenty of fresh vegetables.
All tho buildings In tho camp wero construct
ed by tho convicts themselves, without any out
Mo h"lp save wbr export workrrmnfhtp mich
as could not bo furnished by tho convicts, was
neoded. After tho camp was completed the con
victs wero put to work on the noarby roads.
Asphalt roads are to be laid and culverts and
bridges constructed, and In this connection is
seen one of the chief benefits of tho now sys
tem, so far as tho convicts aro concerned. The
"prisoners wjll have an opportunity to learn the
masteries of scientific road-making, a profession
which is not overcrowded. Those prisoners who
show an interest in tho work will bo promoted to
rosponslblo positions and will bo in a position to
securo well-paid JobB when their terms expire,
the authorities beliove.
While theso few states have been taking the
lead in Uio offorts to solve the problem of con
vict labor, other states have been studying tho
question of how best to direct tho labor of tho
stato's ward, both for his own interest and that
of tho state, and rapid progress is predicted
along theso HneB during tho noxt fow years by
thoso familiar with penal conditions throughout
the country.
Sofia, There Is a room in the
Konak at Sofia of which King Fordl
nand alone has the, key. It contains
no precious documents, no costly Jew
elry, no bullion cheBt, bul only tho
full-length portrait ot a princess long
slnco dopartod. Tho gontlo Marie
Loulso gazes sadly out of nor glided
framo, and though Ferdinand. In mo
ments of exhilaration passes by the
room with head averted, in days of
Btrtss and trouble ho seeks to hide his
taUery In tho sllonce ot the locked
and secret chamber.
During tho last ten months mys
terious rustlings have been heard in
the National Museum and tho horror
stricken palace as ot some ono wan-
doring unhappily from room to room,
seeking something that could never
be found. On theso occasions, when
King Ferdinand bethought himself ot
leaving tho chapel door open, his dead
wife's Bhadow UaB been scon to pass
the portals, and he has himself knelt
at the altar there, his face burlod In
his hands, as though awaiting a su
pernatural visitant. No allusion to
these vigils has ever passed his lips,
for Ferdinand confides In no ono.
Over her children tho spirit of
Mario Loulso alBO broods as fondly
as In her lifetime, and tho people bo
llovo sho visits their bedside when
over they aro ill. ThoSiursos who
cared for Princess Eudoxla during hor
long Illness last year attributed her
almost miraculous recovery to the
prayers ot tho dead mother, who waB
seen in spirit form in tho chapel
nightly, always kneeling in tho samo
place slowly flngorlng her diamond
rosary beads.
Owes Success to Wife.
King Ferdinand, who has had an ex
traordinary career, owes his most
solid successes to tho dead lady who
even now watches over him, as ho be
lieves, to restrain tho impulses
against which Bho vainly warned him
when nllve, and concerning which
oven from the other world she has
given signs of sorrow and disapproval.
He was the pot son of his mother,
the clevorost daughter, of tho late
Louis Philippe, king of tho French.
Sho never ceased to plot for tho re
storation of the Bourbons to tho
throno of France, but In tho mean
time did not disdain to pick up any
possible crown for her sons. Her
plans wero mostly foiled, as in the
caso of Philippe, older than Ferdi
nand, who marrlod PrlncesB LouIbo ot
Belgium in tho hope of succeeding tho
Into King Leopold. But the marriage
was so Ill-assorted, and Princess
Louise showed such violent antipathy
to her husband, that a speedy separa
tion was tho result.
With Ferdinand, Princess Clemen'
tlno had no such trouble. Ho was the
most docile and obedient ot her eoriB,
Inheriting hor own subtle disposition
and tenacity of purpose. '
When Prlnco Battonberg of Bul
garia had displeased the Russian em-
poror, by his Independent attitude, aud
was consequently forced to 'leave tho
country in tho dead -ot night, with
only time to throw a coat over his
Bleeping attire, the palaco at Sofia re
mained vacant. As soon as Batten
berg's friends recovered from tho
shock of his being kidnaped they sot
off on a tour ot Europe to search for
a princeling who would undertnko tho
difficult Job ot governing Bulgaria.
Quietly Becomes Sovereign.
This quest camo to tho ears ot
Clementine, who, learning that a fav
orite haunt of these big gatno hunt
ers when In Vienna was a fourth-rato
restaurant, sent her son to make their
acquaintance. After some friendly
conversation, during which they did
not suspect that he was anything but
what his uniform proclaimed him to
be a simple lieutenant In an Austrian
rdglment ho declared himself their
man. Without furthor prenmblo ho
took thorn round to his mother's pal
ace and thus proved to thorn tho real
ity of his claim to high birth and his
connection with two great royal
houses. There was no reason why ho
should not start a dynasty of his own,
and tho bargain was quickly con
cluded. In a few days tho cltlzons of
Sofia wero greatly nstonlshed to soe
tho flag flying onco moro ovor the
royal palacaand a .young man with
a prominent noso and u serious face
driving through tho town In solitary
statollness. There was no equerry,
no display, no acclamation, no rejoic
ing. People wero still asking them-
solves, "How long will Russia allow
him to stay7"
Royal Wife Finally Secured.
As soon as Ferdinand felt his throne
to be a little moro steady, Princess
"Iementluo began to cast matrimon
ial nets on hor son's bohnlf. But
Uiero wero fow aspirants. Royalties
hold aloof and nothing but blue blood
wouW Wlsfy Ferdinand and his moth
er. It was by working on the strong
religious sentiments of tho Duko of
Pncma that tho prlzo was at last so
cured In the person of an eldest
daughter, tho ill-fated Mario Loulso,
to whom was entrusted tho mission of
furthering Catholicity In schismatic
Bulgaria. Thus was tho gontle, fra
gile Idealist, tender offshoot of tho
pious House of Parma, mated to an
ambitious adventurer, of her own
rank indeed, but of a temperament
BRIDAL ATTIRE COSTLY
Brides all over the world like to
aoake the best display possible on
their wedding day, and the bridal at
tire of the various countries is in
yarlably both costly and beautiful.
For sheer gorgeousness, bowovor,
ays tho Wide World Magazine, it
would be .bard to rival the wedding
laery of the ballaa ot tho island of
vsaatra. Tat 4rt Is woven entire
ly of gold thread,' and its weight is so
great that the wearer can hardly
move; even standing up requires a
distinct effort Apart from this shim
mering, golden garment, the bride is
loaded down with gold ornaments,
rings, bangles, earrings, pendants,
girdles and necklaces, and sundry or
namental purses of tho same metal.
The huge ornaments hanging on
chains around her neok aro hollow,
but all the smaller charms aro of
solid natlvo gold, most masslvoly
wrought One might almost think
that the natives, having heard some
thing about a good wife being "worth
her weight in gold," had set out to
prove tho tact by loading their quaint
little brides with the actual equiva
lent of their weight In the preoioaa
metal.
1 England wants boxing adds to tke
1916 Olympic
at Berlin
Arrested the Ambassador.
Sir Arthur Hardlnge, who has been
appointed British ambassador at
Madrid, can tell of not a few strange
experiences that seldom fall to the
lot of the diplomat Whllo on duty in
Portugal last year he was arrested by
a policeman who bettered htm to be a
conspirator.
It was only after much telephoning,
telegraphing and explaining that Sir
Arthur waa able to prove his Identity
and taen, of ooorae, apologies wore
USE FOR THAT OLD BEDSTEAD
If You Have It Stored In the Attlo
Here Is a Way Profitably to
Utilize It.
When metal beds came Into use,
you stored an old-fashioned hardwood
bedstead useless lumber, but too
good to bo thrown away In tho attic.
Moanwhllo you've been trying hard to
savo money to buy a bookcase, and
without a suspicion that tho discard
ed bedstead could easily be home-
aud character entirely foreign to lien.
The personal Inclinations of Mario
Loulso wore all for tho cloister,
where, Indeed, aovoral ot her Bisters
havo slnco found a home, but in dot
crenco to hor father's wishes she gavo
hor hand to Ferdinand and set oft
with him to work for the advancement
of Bulgaria.
Almost every educational and chari
table institution in tho country owes
its origin to her Initiative. In a short
time she achieved what ho had vainly
attempted the reconciliation of his
subjects to a forolgn rulor Legends
of her bounty and devotcdncss stilt
survlvo among tho people today.
When nn holr to tho throne was born,
nothing seemed wanting to tho happy
outlook. But this very child, who
should havo sot tho seal on her hap
piness, becamd tho cause of discord
and ultlmntloy led to tho untimely
death of his mother. Russia, who had
viewed with disfavor tho consolida
tion of Bulgaria under a prlnco about
whoso election sho had not ovon been
consulted, now camo forward with
her inexorable domand that 'tho fu
ture ruler of Bulgaria should belong
to' tho orthodox creed or forfeit recog
nition by tho powers,
Refuses to Be Apostate.
Ferdinand's, mind was Bopn mado
up, but It. remained to him to per
suade Mnrlo Loulso. Thunderstruck
at tho alternative, she at once refused
to consider what her conscience told
her was au act 6f apostasy. During
two wholo years she succeeded In
getting the baptism deferred, but as
Russia grow more Insistent, and Fer
dinand more anxious for his crown,
she was forced to face tho Inevitable.
RcBlstanco availed no longer, and as
a last protest Bhe left tho country.
Tho baptism of Prlnco Boris ac
cording to orthodox rltoB was carried
out with great pomp In the presence
of Russian envoys, and Ferdinand's
position was henceforth secure.
Strange 10 say his own subjects re
volted against the breach of faith
which weighed so heavily on their bo
loved princess, and even Russia's ap
proval did not mond matters. A wave
of criticism and contempt which found
expression In tho Bulgarian press
proved tho general indignation. Many
solred tho opportunity to vent their
private spleen against a prlnco whose
affected superiority wounded their
democratic pride.
Returns to Her Husband,
Nevertheless, Ferdinand, having ac
complished his purposo of Ingratiat
ing himself with Russia, now began to
put things straight with tho rest of
tho world, and for this to succce!? It
was necessary that his wlfo should
return. But Mnrlo Loulso desired
nothing more thnnobllvlon Her ma
tornal Instinct, however, strengthened
by thQ insistence of the Pope, and
Ferdinand's expostulations nnd ex
cuses, Dually prevailed. She returned
to her old duties, resuming her good
works, but with tho Joy of llfo extin
guished for over within hor. It la
said that no reproach ovor passed her"
lips and sho gavo no outward sign
that hor husband had forfeited re
spect. To tho Inst sho remained his
faithful, dovoted partner, and her
careful advice saved him from many
pitfalls such as thoso Into which hq
since has sunk. With terror sho
sounded tho depths of the dark soul
that could lnstlgnto tho assassination
of his premier, Stambouloy, .when ho
dured to opposo him, Vainly did she
plead with him to bridle his ambition
and dovoto himself to tho roal prog
ress nnd solid development of the
country rnthor than to his own per
sonal aggrandizement While she
lived ho mado a pretenso ot dissociat
ing himself from the work of tho
ConltadJIs In Macedonia, whoso out
rages filled Europe with horror,
''God will never bless crime," was
made ovor Into precisely the piece of
modern furniture that is needed tor
tho llvlug-room. Tho carved or bevel
finished high pillow end denuded of
Its egs makes tho back of tho caso
and Its narrow string pieces furnish
tho uprights which first must be
grooved on their inner sides to sup
port the shelves for which extra
boards must be provided. That this
shelling material Is of another and
cheaper wood, matters not, as the en
tire case must finally be painted. Us
ually paint harmonising with toe In-
y
her constant warning. "And one day
Macedonia will be lost to us through
the evil deeds of our wild propagan
dists." f i
Saw Impending Dlsssterv
Sho was probably tho only person
who knew whither Ferdinand's Becret
hopes tended, and Bhe foretold that
disaster would come at the moment
when his star seemed moat in the as
cendant. When. In tho recent war
luck turned against him, the Boldle'rs
murmured among themselves: "Sure
ly this Is what our princess foretold.
Every sin demands, its punishment."1
After hor death, King Ferdinand.,
desirous of restoring tho groat state'
functions which woro a vital feature
of hlB court, looked around for a hos
tess who would share tho throne,
which from being princely had, now
been raised to tho status ot royalty.
But it was not easy for him to,flnka
mate. No Catholic princess would
givo her hand; ho made soveral over
tures at the Russian court, but there
was no Grand Duchess forthcoming.
Flnnlly, however, a Protestant prin
cess ot the House of Reuse consented
to abandon her splnstcrhood and oc
cupy tho place left vacant, nine years
ago by Marie Louise. . '
' Though "unpossessed of her pre
decessor's winning charm, she haB
novorthelesB done great and good
work in Bulgaria. During the recent
war her devotion to tho wounded was
unbounded, but It Is well known that
hor married llfo is by no means. ha
py, her relations with her husband bo
lng markedly strained. - --z;
Ferdinand himself has never con
cealed the fact that, In splto ot their
differences, his heart and allegiance'
are with' the princess, whose shades
hovers round him, admonishing an
.shielding. Confident qt her r never
falling assistance, he alone Is -not
afraid to confront tho stately specter
who trails her diaphanous draperies
along tho corridors of the palace that)
witnessed the traglo disillusionment,
of her hopes. j
LEARNED HIS GOOD JOINTS
Man No Doubt Had Often Been Un
favorably Compared With Dead
Man He Described.
It was a contested will' case, and
ono of tho witnessos, in tho' coursa of '
giving his evidence, described tho tea
jtotor minutely.
"Now,. sir," said counsel for the do
fenso, "I suppqBo wo may tako it,
from tho flattering description you
have given of tho testator, hie good
points, and his personal appearance
gonenilly, that you wore Intimately
acquainted with him?"
"Him!" exclaimed tho witness. "Ha
was no acquaintance of mine!
"Indeed1 Well, iheiu .ymunust haTBr
observed him very carefully whenever
you saw him?" pursued counsel.
"I never saw him In my life." was
tho reply.
This prevarication, as counsel
thought It, was too much, nndhe
sald:
"Now, now, don't trifle with the
court, please! How, I ask you, could
you, In tho namo of goodness, describe
him so minutely If you never saw him
or never knew him?"
"Woll," replied tho witness, fand the
smile which overspread his features
extendod to tho faces of those la
court, "you'seo, I married his widow.!
Sure-Thing Player.
"George, you must go right away
and ask pnpa for my band."
"That's all right, little one. I arte
him first"
"What! You didn't wait to ask
mo!"
"Nlxy, Mabel. I'm a busy little man,
glrllo, and I wasto no ' time on
chances." Cleveland Plain Dealer,
ish of tho living-room Is employed, sa
uiai mo caso snail looit as though ltj
ban boen built-in, but on some of the
hard woods a very good imitation o -ebony
may be produced with black
enamel pigment ud when the bright
ly covered books are In plaee tke efv
feet Is not somber.
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View.
Friend Would you say
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