1
DAKOTA CITY HERALD
JOHN H. REAM, Publisher.
DAKOTA CITY.
NEORASKA
SHARING THE FAMILY INCOME
Matter Presented to Mrs. Pothering.
ham In Manner She Had Not
Thought of Before.
"Hiram," said Mrs. Pothcrlnghain
suddenly from tho other side of the
ovenlng lamp.
- Mr. Potherlnghnm, safe In tho coin
muter'a heaven, beside his own open
tire his tired feel nil etched luxurious
ly toward Its blaze, his favorite cigar
nllght, and the evening paper open
boforo him, made an Inarticulate mur
mur In reply, such as llego lords uso
to lndicato that they are still allvo
and know they are being addressed,
but don't propose to come out further
lrom their abstraction unless forced
to do so.
Mrs. l'othorlngham understood and
continued briskly: "Hiram, 1'vo Just
been reading this artlclo on tho econ
omic dependence of women. What It
says Is bo. Marriage Is an equal part
nership, and tho wlfo Is entitled to half
tho income and ought to hrivo It."
Thero was a decided noto In his
wife's voice that waked Mr. l'othorlng
ham up. Ho lowored his papor, ro
moved his cigar, and listened. When
she flnlBhcd ho bent his head and eyed
her quizzically over the rims of his
reading glasses and In his qulot voice
mildly expostulated:
"Oh, my dear! Do you really think
they would bo satisfied with half?"
Mrs. I'otherlngham wheeled uround
sldcwlse, planted her elbows on tho
table and looked severely at lior hus
band. Her eyes snapped and her llpa
opened quickly to reply. Then, sho
didn't reply. In a flash sho saw It all
tho lnnumerablo homo expenses, tho
bills for the children's school and col
lege, tho clothing, tho gifts, tho spend
ing monoy, tho amusements and tho
philanthropies of all the family, her
own clubs and tnas, and charities and
vanities; and this quiet, strong, un
complaining bread winner for them all,
with his mere bed nnd board, his chair,
his cigar, his few suits of clothes, his
ono club, his routine life, back and
forth, back and forth Hiram, tho baso
of tho ontlro family pyramid, and sho
talking about "half the lncorao! Nay
they absorbed It all.
Mrs. Potherlngham's lips closed
Blowly, having uttered no word. Sho
k romoved her elbows from tho tablo,
relaxed Into liar chair and took up
nor magazine. Then a little ripple of
laughter cropt up Into her eyes, and
Bho said softly:
"Hlratn, you nro simply delicious!"
New York Post.
Making Money 8prout.
"High flnanco Is not confined entire
ly to Wall strcot," said n woll-known
sccrot service man recently.
"One of tho clerks In a banking
houso In Washington wanted to go to
tho ball game. Ho had but 25 cents,
his exact admission, nnd nothing for
car faro.
'Ho announced ho would raffle his 25
cents for two conts a sharo, Eighteen
dorks took chances. Ono won tho
quarter for two cents, but tho thrifty
promoter had 2G conts for his tlckot,
ten cents for car fnre nnd a cent over
for nn nftcrnoon paper."
Writing TreatUo on Chinese Language.
Dr. P. A. Chalfant, who will havo tho
honor of producing ono of tho most
olaborato and Bclontlflo trentlesv over
wrltton on tho origin of tho Chinese
language, Is a paralytic, who for a
quarter of a century was a mlsfllonnry
to China. He lives In Pittsburgh and
spnds four hours a day In his Inves
tigations. When completed tho book
will be published by olthor tho Hrltlsh
museum or the Carneglo library, both
of which havo expressed a willingness
to undortako tho work.
Justifiable Anger.
Two Irishmen visited n woll-known
perambulating menagerie. After com
pleting tho circuit of tho show they
came to a silt In tho canvas with a
bill printed above It In largo letters,
containing the legend "Exit."
"Hegorra, Pat!" said onn of them,
"hero's a placo wo musn't mlsa. I
wonder what sort of basto 'Exit' In?"
Tboy followed tho Index llugur on
tho (bill, and to their wonder and as
tonishment, next moment found thum
spIvhh Among the crowd outside.
"Och, bodad," hald Mick, shaking
hlB fist at the man who barrod his ro
entrance, "ye'ro nn nuld swindler, yo
nro. Bad luck to yo and yor auld
show."
Cure Enough.
"Cllmato that suits ono person docs
not Bult nuother," said tho western
man.
"That's right." replied tho Now
Yorker
"Hut your Now York cllmato Is tho
limit."
"Hut, just stop and think how many
people wo hnvo to please In Now
York!"
Certainly Not.
Hill A now whoelbnrrow dumps Its
load forward as Its handles aro pushed
down saving its user tho labor of lift
ing It.
Jill I don't see why thoy should try
to raako things easier for a man who
who loses an oloctlon bot.
Negative Pride.
Stronger I suppose ovory imall
town boaBts of Its oldest Inhabitant.
Native Woll, I dunno about that
You'll find our'n down at tho UVern,
but he ain't much to boast of.
Where We Lead.
Church They say that tho most
denselypopulatod of all tho cous tries
of the world 1b Belgium, with &3B In
habitants to tho square ratio,
dotham I'll bot we can beat Del
glum, though, when It comos to strap
hangers. Their Llkellness.
"That enterprising real estate man
and his wlfo nro very much allko In
one respect."
"What is that?"
"Sloth keep tholr house In prior,-'
E
i
Interesting Pointers on Garden
ing for the City Man or
Suburbanite.
WHAT TO PLANT AND WHEN
Advice by an Expert on Agricultural
Matters A Back Yard Orchard
Tools for the Garden Cold
Frame for Fall,
By PROF. JOHN WILLARD BOLTE.
Why not havo nn orchard of your
own? Why spend your lelsuro mo
ments for tho next fow weeks, day
dreaming of pink and white blooms,
nnd sun kissed peaches, too rlpo and
luscious to Bhlp, and just good enough
for city visitors to cat and eat until
tholr teeth nro on edge.
Let us 6eo wiiul wo can do by way
of nn orchard In that back lot of yours.
Thero Is hardly a back yard In this
wholo town thnt would not grow fruit
of some kind If handled in the right
way. Tho main thing Is to have tho
dcslro to grow It and then to find out
that highly essential thing, the right
way.
Of courso, what you grow Is a mat
ter of choice, as thero are several
kinds of fruit for every Bot of condi
tions. If your spaco Is very small, but Is
well exposed to tho Bun, you can cer
tainly grow currants and most of the
buBh berries nicely Upsides beautify
ing your back yard, they will ylold
you n crop every year, and will furnish
you with an abundanco of fresh fruit
and dellclouo Jollies and preserves.
One nice thing about these low shrubs
Ib that thoy require very little work,
they aro lnoxponslvo to plant, and
thoy grow woll In practically any Boll
and cllmato. They can bo transplant
rd successfully at almost any tlmo of
year, although tho spring or fall are
preferable. Thoy come Into bearing
quickly and do not havo off yearB as
do many of the tree fruits.
If you havo a rather rich, yet light
soil which warms up quickly In tho
spring, a strawberry patch will filvo
you more keen pleasure und profit
than any othor patch of ground on tho
Wholo placo. It should havo tho warm
est and dryeBt, sunny spot In tho yard.
April la tho best month to sot out a
.strawberry bed in tho north, and caro
Bhould bo taken to securo plants from
Bomo bod that was sot out tho provl-
oub spring. This bed will not havo
begun to benr yet, and tho plants will
bo strong and Insure you of henlthy,
productive plants for your now bed.
It Is an oxcollont schomo to havo
at least ono row of grapes. Thoy can
woll bo planted along tho west or
south Bide of a fence or houso, and may
bo trained to cover tho ontlro fence.
When this 1b not pohslblo, sot up a
row of fence posts, Htrlng three
smooth wires between them, and tie
tho young grapo vines to tho wires
In order to koop them off tho ground.
Ilesldes tholr ediblo virtues, grupo
vines possess tho highest docoratlvo
qualities, nnd Bhould bo planted moro
gonernlly, It for this roason only. Tho
Concord Is ono of tho best varieties
for Northern states, and If part of
thorn fall to rlpon boforo frost, thoy
can bo raado into pxcollont pickles,
preserves or homo made wine.
In tho treo fruits, nothing Is moro
popular than tho Bour red cherry. It
Is hardy, prolific, subject to fow pests
and it makoB tho best pies In Ameri
ca. All ono mis 10 uo is iu ihuhi iu
young troo and lot naturo tako her
course. You win nnu mo iruu u urem
treat.
Poaches, plums and apples can all
bo grown successfully, and tho last
two nro almost Independent of cli
matic conditions, but poaches uro not
bo universally successful In tho north.
PenrB do excollently undor proper
trentmout, and magnificent pears can
bo grown by following tho English
fashion of training a pear tree flat
against tho bouUi Bldo of a brick wall,
whoro it receives tho roflectod as
woll aa tho dlroct heat of tho buh's
rays.
"Garden Tools."
Kipling says that a soldlor Is no
bettor than his foot, and it Is equally
truo that a gardener Is no batter than
hln tools. Much muscle, tlmo and
perspiration 1b being wasted at this
very momont becauBo of tho uso of lm
propor tools, or the misuse of tho
proper onos for tho purpose, Moat of
this wuBto of tlmo is duo to lacK of
Information about tools on tho part of
tho user, and tho misinformed pur
chaser can securo llttlo .Intelligent
Information from tho average hard
ware clerk, as moBt of them seem to
have been reoutly promoted from
the ribbon dupartmeut or tho soda
fuuutulu.
It Is much easier to do gaidon work
with sharp tools Every stroko is
clean und truo and it gooa whoro It Is
sent with half tho offort a dull tool
roqutres,
Tho Amorlcan factory mechanlo Is
reputed to spond, threo times as much
of his time sharpening Ills toolB as do
tho European workmon, but ho pro
duces nearly twlco as much finished
product thereby. Tho samo principle
appllos to tho use of gardeu tools.
Keep them sharp and In good working
order.
A flat, fine fllo Is mighty handy to
have about. With it you can Bharpon
your hoo, spado, trowel, cultivator
tooth, grass Bhears und lawn mower.
Tho fllo villi make an ideal cutting
edgo on these tools and this edge
should have a perfectly flat bevel, at
an anglo of about 45 degrees. Hold
tho tool firmly cud uso a llttlo ma
chlno oil to help tho file cut tho steel.
Of course, edged tools, llko tho
alcklo, scythe, and pruning shears,
have to be ground on a grindstone or
emery stone, and then resharpened
from time to tlmo with n whetstono.
Tho bevel of tho edgo must bo us
ucuto ns possible on this class of
tools.
Tho best tool for spading up soil is
not tho spado, but the spading fork,
it penetrates tio boh mucii easier and
pulverlzos It nunc In turning over
'f the spudo Is preferred, it should
RACK
BO
ARMPR
havo as flat a blado as possible, to
prevent clogging.
The hoe 1b tho most useful tool In
the small garden and it should hare
a largo and heavy blade. Tho addi
tional width will do moro work with
the same number of strokes and tho
heavy head does moro effective work
becauso of Its added momentum.
A rako Is of rather small importance
nfter tho seed Is onco planted, but It
Is an excellent and practically in
dlBponsnblo Implement for leveling and
pulverizing tho seed bed. Uso a cast
iron fako of tho narrow typo. Tho
wide ones are too hnrd to handlo.
For the larger garden, a hand cul
tivator or wheel hoo Is flno and a
great tlmo and musclo saver. With It
tho ontlro garden can bo hoed easily
In tho samo length of time ono takes
to hoo a tenth of It by hand. Wo pre
fer tho Blnglo, high wheeled typo,
which runs botween tho roWB, as It
will work closo enough and pushes
easier. Work It with tho cultivator
tooth early In tho season to loosen
tho soil and forco tho roots to grow
deeply, changing to the weed cutting,
horizontal blades later on. It Is a
real pleasure to cultlvato tho garden
with ono of tlipso machines nnd thoy
cost only a couplo of dollars.
A Cold Frame for Fall.
It 1b roally remarkable what results
can bo had In tho garden long aftor
tho frost comes, by tho uso of a prop
erly built cold frame. Tho most satis
factory frame wo havo used la mado In
sections, three by six feet tho num
ber of sections to be used dopondlng
on how much spaco you want to do
vote to lato plants.
Tho cold frame Is nothing moro
than four boards nailed together to
maku the sides, and It Bhould slope
slightly toward tho south. This Is
thon coverod with sash, mado of light
wood, covered with cloth. Water
proof material may be gotten for this
latter from most of tho largo -seed
stores, and Is prefcrablo on account
of ltB durability.
Success with cold frames In the fall
depends on getting your plant well
started boforo tho frosts como. A
good plan In to build your frame work,
and a good sizo would bo six by twolvo
fceL This would require four cloth
frnmes to cover It, and tho total ex
pensu should not exceed flvo dollars
for materials. Inside this lnclosuro
can bo planted any lato summer vege
tables that you want to raise. If tho
sun Is particularly hot, put tho cover
frames on during the middle of tho
dny, but otherwise Just give the plants
the same attention you would if
planted in tho spring.
When danger of frost is at hand,
put tho cover frames on every night,
taking thorn off In tho morning, but
whon tho weather gets still colder,
lcavo theso cover frames on all tho
tlmo, You will bo surprised at tho
oxcollont crop of lato vegetables you
will havo when all your neighbors'
gnrdons nro desolate
If you want to havo vegetables all
through the winter, you must roplnco
tho cloth frames with glnsa about No
vember 1, and by this means somo of
this hurdler plants, llko radishes, beets,
string bonus and onions, can bo had
practlcnlly all winter, though It will
probably bo woll for winter use to
bank your frnmo nil around with fresh
horse immure, which would turn your
cold framo into a hot frnmo.
Among tho flowors, violets, panslus,
English dnlsles and primroscB all will
grow well during tho winter In a cold
frame coveiod with glass.
Mathematics and Humor.
Proficiency In muthemntlcs, politi
cal economy and "dry topics" llko thnt
nro frequently found sldo by side with
u flno quality of humor In men's minds.
Lewis Carroll, who wroto "Allco In
Wonderlnnd," which Is tho top notch
of the world's humor up to data, wns a
profosBlonnl mathematician a mathe
matical lecturer nt Oxford und author
of "A Syllabus of Piano nnd Algebra
Icul Geometry," of tho "Elementary
Troatlso on DotermlnantB" end of a
good many othor mathematical works.
Our own great humorist, Oliver Wen
doll Holmes, wub not exuctly a mat he
mutlcluu, but ho wub tho noxt thing
to It a professor of anatomy. Ills
nnntomlcnl works woro terribly seri
ous. Edgar A. Poo long ago estab
lished the lntlmato connection bo
tween mathematics and poetry, or,
rnthor, between tho mnthomntlcal nnd
pooticnl mind. Tho samo relutlon may
exist between mathomatlcB and hu
mor. And yot thoro nro somo humor
ists who are not altogether greut in
lnutliemutlc, '
Good Horse Sense.
If old corn fodder Is used for bed
ding tho shredded article Is better
than tho Btalka; It Is moro comfort
able for the horse and la worked moro
easily tluough tho manure iipreodor.
A pregnant mare should ulwnys bo
kopt In a box Hliill. It is afraid to Ho
down in tho ordinary stall for fear of
not being able to rlso again nnd this
coimtniit Htnudlng up la very harmful.
In mild woatlior mnroB must bo
kept In tho open sheds outside, both
day and night. Each mure should
havo a speclnl place whoro It Is tied
to receive ltB grain feed If fed from
nn ordinary trough, tho moro vicious
mares may kick tho others and gobble
most of the feed. Houghnge may
safely bo fed from racks In tho yard.
Killing Fowls.
Tho French poultoror kills his
fowls by dislocating tho nock with n
Bwlft back chuck given close to tho
head At onco the dressing buglus so
that it mny bo compVtod boforo tho
body cools. Tho les and wings nro
tucked closo to the body which Is
placed bruuBt downwnrd against a
board. A moist cloth Is Bprend on
tho bnck which Imparts a flno grain
appearance to tho flesh. A wolght Is
applied to securo tho required markot
flatness nnd whon thoroughly cold tho
birds romovod, packed carefully nnd
closely In cratos or casos according to
tholr destination.
Decapitating Fowls.
A vory good block for decapitating
fowls Is mado by driving two spikes
or nails along one aldo of a heavy
block of wood, far enough npart to
allow tho fowl's nock to slip botween
' them This holds it in place and
makes It easy to comploto tho work
I nt ono blow
4y WlA.PADfORI
Mr. William A. lladford will answer
questions and give advloe FREE OF
COST on all subjects pertaining to the
ubject of building;, for the readers-of this
paper. On account of hln wide experience
as Editor, Author and Manufacturer, ho
Is, without doubt, tho highest authority
on all these subjects. Address all Inquiries
to William A. Radford, No. 178 West
Jackson boulevard, Chicago, I1L, and only
enclose two-cent stamp for reply.
Ono of tho objections sometimes
mado to the uso of concreto in build
ing construction Is tho fact that tho
finished surface Is rough and no at
tempt Is mado to glvo a finish to tho
surface, either in tho molds or aftor
tholr removal. This Is probably duo
to an idea that Interfering with tho
eurfaco would destroy tho skin of tho
concreto and lessen its usefulness.
Two methods aro now being suc
cessfully employed, giving n finish to
concrete either In molded blocks, or
monollthlo construction In placo. Tho
first of these methods la to apply
fresh granite to tho faco of tho mold,
which gives it all the finish and dur
ability of granite ashlar. This finish
ing material is ground and sifted Into
various sizes, several of which nro
employed in making tho facing mix
ture, on tho samo principal as mixing
aggregates so us to All the voids. Tho
best proportion is ono of cement to
threo of aggregate of different sizes.
A small quantity of hydrated lime Is
added, which on ncount of its fine
ness, nets as a waterproofing, Hko
wise preventing the block from stick
Ing to tho mold. The Ingredients aro
thoroughly mixed while Btlll dry. Tho
faco of tho mold Is wiped clean and
dry. A thin layer of almost dry spar
mixed with n llttlo cement mixed with
a llttlo hydrated lirae vla spread on
tho plato. On top of this a half Inch
of ordinary mixture Is spread, then a
layer of rich backing and finally, tho
ordinary block mixture which should
bo tamped hard.
Tho above method la tho ono ucod
when a face down concrete block ma-
chlno is used, while the reverse proc
coss Is used with a faco up machine.
In this case the grit or feldspar Is
Blfted dry on tho wot cement. Tho
spar may bo pressed Into tho surface
by running a roller over It. After It
has set tho surface Is wnshnd with n
eoiution of ono part of muriatic acid
to eight of water to remove any
stains. Then it Is washed with clean
wnter to romovo traces of tho acid.
In monollthlo construction the sides
of tho forms are plastered with about
a half inch of the facing material bo
foro the filling is placed.
The second method of finishing con
creto surfaces is to glvo them an ash
ler llko appearance by polishing the
surface with carbordum bricks and
water. This method Is applicable to
w
First Floor Plan.
monollthlo conctoto, as tho molds in
which it Ib fonnod aro built up of
boards, which havo a tendency to
warp and aro moro or less rough. In
this enso the insldo of tho mold which
forms tho faco of tho walls Is plastered
wlt'n a rich material. Tho concreto
which is to form tho bank of tho wall
Is flllod In nnd allowed to Bet twenty
four hours. Tho molds are removed
and tho concreto is rubbod down with
carborundum bricks. This gives a
beautiful polish.
Horo is displayed tho design of a
house that could bo finished In this
tnannor nt no very great oxponso. The
concreto walls could bo carried to tho
socond floor nnd tho balanco of tho
structure could bo of frame construc
tion. Tho houso Is 34 feot C inches
wide and 34 feet long, excluslvo of the
porch. Tho poroh of this house ex
tends clear across tho front, assur
ing good shade nt almost any tlmo of
tho dny. Ono entora tho houso into a
largo rccoptlon ball and to tho left is
rcv '-' ;- '- v LHtok. '- ILJJ5' ' , ; '",; - ' i: ? ?i r
k2&j1 ''"C 'BUKSKKdimirL " 'rc&i
MSE.TC-XT. J-f .a A JT r JmT .-, .T-'WGfcJfcWXJ t Mt - V .. ..- r I .v -VV?XV.,MfeuU
vmy. ywmZhfz . ,m-:. .' miMMinn i i i sne' Niri.-w-aaario'
W&JtJnwT-JZm!v&! ., BJ.yttnx 4ST" mtimi TT JTit1np' iisay1
m
I w3
tmrf
IjMJI liTKjyrA
V Lfcir"
r&srcAr
tho flno living room which Ib well
llghtod. A largo dining room li
directly back of this and to tho right
Is tho kitchen. Tho kitchen Is entered
through an enclosed porch and direct
ly avallablo Is a good sized pantry.
On tho second floor aro four bed
rooms. A bathroom Is also provided
for.
This house, it finished in tho man
ner prescribed, will look well If built
on a corner lot, as it will present an
exceptionally flno appearance.
It may also be added that if con
creto is used in construction, the
l
UmM C.A
acpftoar,t xJ
" W I H,
4 HfiLL,
$m
Second Floor Plan.
houso will be warmer In winter and
much cooler In summer than it would
bo If built entirely of frame.
Tho cost of this houso is estimated
at $4,600.
Toot Code. .
Mayor Harrison of Chicago was be
ing congratulated nt a luncheon ori
his ordinance forbidding chauffeurs to
blow their horns In tho crowded busi
ness sections of tho city.
"Chauffeurs think," ho said, "that
they rieed only blow their horns and
tho pedestrian will loap out of the
way. Let the chauffeurs drive with
m$
' . .-..'. . '
, . ...(?
'VwAft'J
w .s '
"' r?
care, remembering that tho pedes
trian's right is supreme.
"Why, if something Isn't soon done,
tho chauffeurs in their arroganco will
bo getting up a horn codo for the
pedestrian to learn and obey a code
something like this:
"One toot Throw a quick back
handBprlng for the sidewalk.
"Two toots Dive over the car.
"Threo toots Llo down calmly; It
is too lato to escapo; but wo will o
over you as easily nn possible If you
koep very still.
"One long and two Bhort toots
Throw yourself forward and we will
save both your arms.
"One short and two long toots
Throw yourself backward and one lej
will be savea.
"Four toots It's all up with yon,
but we promise to notify your fam
ily." Wages In the Orient.
Five years ago Japan and China
boasted but two small steel plants.
Today those two plants aro employing
moro persons than any steel company
In tho world with tho exception of tho
United States Steol corporation, and
one-third ns many as tho latter. These
companies not only supply most of the
needs of their own countries, but re
cently captured n big order for tho
Philippines on which American, Brit
ish and German producers woro bid
ding. Thoy havo tho ore, their plants
are modern and for wnges thoy pay
loss for a month than our plants pay
in a day. Tho highest grado of work
men In a Bteel mill aro the rollers. In
China rollers aro paid 4 to $0 a
month, compared with 18 to $10 a day
In this country. The best workmon of
China receive $6 a month, whllo for
tho same work hero an operator re
ceives $200. Tho same ratio of com
parison obtains In tho common labor
of tho mills, 5 to 7 cents per day
there compared with $2 por day hero.
Leslie's Weekly.
"Imp" and "Brat."
In the sixteenth century tho word
"Imp" had a very dlffejent meaning
from that which It boars now. One
sentence of a prayer composed under
Henry VIII. for general use In
churchos ran: "Let us pray for the
preservation of tho king's most ex
cellent majesty, and for tho prosper
ous success of his entirely boloved
son, Edward, our prlnco, that most
angollo Imp." Tho word "brat" has
also changed Its meaning. A sixteenth
contury hymn writer, Qeorgo Qas
colno, refers to "Abraham's bratB,
that brood of precious seed." Lou
don Chronicle.
M
Si53
Jbl
OEDKOCSJT I
k
TO PASTEURIZE MILK i
Most Effectually Done In Bottie3
In Which Reoeived.
Qood Results May Be Secured by Us
ing Ordinary Tin Pall With Pie
Plato Inverted to Pormlt Cir
culation of Water.
(By J. P. FHANDSEN.)
Milk cah bo pasteurized most ef
ficiently in the bottles in which it if
reoeived. To do this a small tin pail
with a perforated false bottom can be
used. It a special pall is not at hand,
the same results can be secured by
using an ordinary tin pall with an in-
Arrangement for Pasteurizing Milk.
verted plo tin placed In tho bottom of
tho same. This false bottom Is placed
In tho pall so as to permit circulation
of water and prevent bumping of the
bottles. An accurate thormometer
should bo placed in the water or in
one of the bottles. Set the bottles of
milk In the pall and fill with water
nearly level with the milk In tho bot
tles. Place tho pall with tho milk
bottles on the stove and heat until the
thermometer Indicates a temperature
6f from 150 to ICO degrees F. The
pall and bottles should then be re
moved from tho stove and allowed to
stand 25 minutes in the hot wuler.
Now remove tho cover and placo the
pall under a cold water faucet, allow
ing tho water to run slowly Into the
pall. Continue until all the hot water
has been replaced with tho cold wator
and the temperature of tho milk has
been reduced to about that of the
water. This Is tho cheapest and most
t(s.
J - "'
.5.-. , J; lJh "3f cl, (0V v & i a
Pall for Efficient Pasteurizing and
Cooling of Milk.
efficient way of cooling and will also
prevent breaking of bottles. Tho milk
can then bo conveyed to tho refrigera
tor and placed on ice until required
for use.
It Is well to remember that pas
teurized milk should not be used for
the feeding of children after It is 24
hours old.
Rape Seeding.
Jn seeding . rape broadcast from
three to flvo pounds of seed are re
quired to the aero. If sown In drills
from ono to two pounds of seed aro
sufficient. Th quality mid condition
of tho soil will give the exact amount,
lighter seed being used on rich and
clean ground. Tho condition of tho
seed bed should bo flue, firm and
moist. i
A light top drosslng of manure may
be applied and tho crop responds very
readily to such treatment. As a soil
ing crop, It Is desired to secure all
tho growth posslblo, bo tho moro
perfect wo can make tho conditions
the greater will bo tho results.
Cultivating Corn.
Tho purposes of intorculturo tillage
aro, first, to kill wopds; socond, to
keen f-he Burfaco soil recoptlvo to
rainfall; third, to prevent tktj evap
oration ?f soil moisture. Cultivating
corn four Inches deep, ns compared
with two Inches deep, may reduce the
yield ten por cent., owing to pruning
the roots. Four or five cultivations
are usually sufficient.
Moro frequent cultivations have not
been shown to Increase tho yield
when the soil Is not unduly compacted
from heavy rainfall, provided it is free
from woods.
Value of Smudgo Pot.
Smudging Is practiced In many sec
tions of tho west, and Is found ofton
to snve the fruit crops from frosts.
Thero are localities In the southwest
where this Is practical to some ex
tent It Beems that ouch practice
would be profitable Iri eastern and
northern orchards, where fruit is
raised for commercial purposoa.
Study orchard heating and tako ad
vantage of your Information to save
tha fruit crop from untimely frosts.
Care of Corn.
If tho corn was putllnto tho ground
rough nnd cloddy, gel out tho roller
nnd then harrow tot discourage the
cc 1-. before they gel a good start.
danger of blind staggers
Kansas Experiment Station Finds Dl
ease Caused by Poison In Mold
and Filth on Corn Ears.
Information coming from widely
separated places show that tho corn
ear worm Is causing injury and death
to farm animals by Infecting them
and giving them blind staggers. Fol
lowing is an extract from an article
In Farm nnd Fireside:
For fire or six years occasional out
breaks of blind staggers in horses
hare attracted attention. During this
tlmo the Kansas experiment station
has been making an experimental
Btudy of this disease and Its origin.
Its exact causo Is still only partially
understood, but enough has been
learned to placo tho blame safely on
poison in the mold and filth found
on ears damaged by tho corn-ear
worm.
Tho eggs of tho adult Insect caus
ing this trouble nro laid In the husks
of tho young ear. After hatching tho
ear-worm burrows through the soft
young kernels, leaving Its filth,
which, with the escaping Juices of
the corn, furnishes tho best posslblo
medium for tho development of the
seed mold and putrid decay. Suffi
cient of this poisonous material re
mains In the corncobs and corn to
causo a gradual poisoning of tho
horses consuming any considerable
quantity of tho damaged corn.
The loss of horses In Kansas and
a number of other states from blind
staggers has been found to be uncur
ablo, even by a skilled veterinarian,
unless tho treatment Is begun early.
TO REINFORCE A DOUBLETREE
Can Be Made of Oak Boards With
Piece of Metal Between Them
Hold Strongest Team.
A reinforced doubletree can be made
of two one-inch oak boards with a
piece of metal, A, between them. The
metal should bo about S-10-inch thick.
All threo pioces should bo cut and
shaped allko and rlvoted together.
The singletrees aro mado In the same
Reinforced Doubletree.
manner. They are not difficult to
make and will hold the strongest team,
besides outlasting a dozen ordinary
doubletrees.
SOWING SEEDS TOO THICKLY
Practice Should Be Discouraged u
Overcrowding Undermlneo Culti
vation of Plants.
(By W. It. GILBERT.)
Thick sowing muBt be guarded
against. Each seed should have room
to grow without crushing or Injuring
its neighbor.
Over-crowding undermines tho culti
vation of plants at the start and it ia
long before, if ever, they outgrow it.
Of course, small plants or seeds may
be sown more thickly than the larger
ones, but relatively thoy ought really
not to be sown thicker.
Each plant should have sufficient
room to develop Its coyledons and one
leaf before It Is thinned or pricked
out.
Every year vegetable crops are much
Injured by being sown too thickly and
perhaps it is hardly too much to affirm
that most gardeners would bo the
gainers were only half the seed sown
that thero is now.
As to what to sow the seed In, tho
lighter the seed bed tho better. "
Few seeds will vegetate In a lower
temperature than 40 degrees and in
the range of 20 degrees all seeds will
grow.
Cause of "White Comb."
"White comb" In fowls Is caused by
decayed food, impure water and over
crowding in dark and filthy houses.
There Is a scurfy nppearanco to the
comb and wattles, head and neck, with
a gradual loss of feathers from tho
head and neck. Treatment consists In
removing to clean quarters and giving
wholesome food. At night glvo a tea
spoonful of castor oil, after which add
dally a teaspoonful of good condition
powdor to the soft food, and anoint
the head and afflicted parts with vas
eline. The castor oil need only bs
given onco.
Egg-Laying Contest.
Egg laying corftests are now being
carried on In many states of the union,
and they are serving as an excellent
stimulus to the utility side of the
poultry Industry. Whllo they never
have and never will provo that ono
breod or variety is superior to all
others, thoy do provo conclusively that
careful breeding In cortaln strains or
families of fowls Increase tho ogg pro
duction away above tho average, and
thus boosts the returns to even larger
proportions.
Liquid Parts.
Great value should be placed on tho
liquid excrement, says the American
Cultivator. Some arrangement should
bo made for its entire preservation
and use, either by the use of absorb
ents or otherwise. Each man should
work out his own plans for this pur
poso in conformity with his surround
ings. And v. hero it has not been done,
a careful Btudy of this mattor may
prove Interesting, profitable and oX
sanitary value.
Successful Grafting.
A Michigan gardenor has been graft
ing tomatoes on eggplants and red
peppers. Ho began this experiment
in 1898 and his first achievement was
called tho Kaiser. Tho Kaiser often
produces fruit weighing ono and a ,
half to two pounds and will yield &
bushel to tho plant ou suitable soil.
Beware of. Poisons.
Don't forgot that the solutions that
aro "used In spraying fruit trees and
also those that aro usod in treating
seed grain for smut are poisonous and
aro llablo to causo death to porsons
and animals ns well as the things wo
lntetid to kill with them.
UwWtWLJp-. 1 ,
x 'I
H
r
A J
&
Ari&u- ii
fXT
