n l);vvA CITY UEHALD JOHN H. flEAM, Publliher. & DEAD CITY of DAKOTA CITY, NEBRASKA, It 1 J 4IEW USE OF MOVING PICTURES Moving pictures aro being put to pew U80, which will result In the sav ing of life and limb. Professor Mun pterburg of Harvard Is responsible for what Is known ns the cinematograph nervo test, which Is eald will reduco motor car acctdont In the United States to a minimum. Tho professor's (theory is that no young man ought to become a chauffeur If his tests Indi cate that ho would not bo quick enough to stop his car If a child ran out In tho Roadway In front of tho wheels, says tho New Orleans Picayune In tho test for chauffeurs ( at Hurvunl tho subject Is placed in a motor car in a ; imll equipped for tho purpose. Ho Is ecatcd at tho wheel of tho machine, which Is Jacked up so that all tho ma-, chlnery Is inovablo, while tho car re-' mains stationary. Tho experiments aro conducted In a darkened room. In front of tho cars is a whlto wall, on which moving pictures of great stzo are shown. They are Immediately bo fore tho chauffeur studont's eyes. Tho student Is then told to net as ho would lu real llfo If ho saw any ono of tho things happen that appear on tho ficecn. Although ho knows that the car is not actually running, tho fact I that ho is under a test puts tho otu-1 dent on edge and makes him behave approximately as ho would under or dinary circumstances. A child is first shown on tho screen with startling realism, tottering ncross the road in front of tho car. Tho chauffour Is, of courso, expected to handio his cur without an instant's loss of tlmo, Just as ho would havo to do if tho emer gency roso in real life. ThlB is tho most Important tost to which tho students aro subjected by tho Harvard system. jEsU. Iggdsgj 71 CAJAMA&QUIIXA " ,- i J'irm jf 48 Charles XrrprvCurrier,Ph.D. Wf r F tho thousands of people who inhabit Lima, or of tho many who, In tho win ter months, tako a run up to Choslca, on tho Oroya railway, thero is probably not ono in a hundred who knows any thing of Cajamarqullla. I was about to leave tho capital of Peru without dreaming that, within ft Atono'B throw, thero wero slumbering tho ruins of a prohlstorio civilization that had not yet passed away when Pizarro laid tho foundation of tho City of tho Sovereigns. Tho sacred city of Pachacamac Is known to, and mentioned by overy traveler who includes LAnia within tho limits of his itinerary. It has been visit ed and described from tho days of tho Conqulsta dorca with moro or lesa accuracy, until Dr. Max Uhlo mado a special study ct It and published his monumental work. If theso ruliiB ct the Lurln val ley aro world famous, It Is not thus with thoso of tho valley of the Hlrnac, and if Pachacamac is Tho tenement mother is being rolo gated to the background as a subject for social study. Tho searchlight of Investigation Is now turned upon tho man with tho white collnr tho sal aried bread winner of tho mlddlo claBs. A parallel between tho casual laborer of tho tenement districts and tho salaried mlddlo class man was re cently drawn, says tho Chicago Tri bune. Tho middle class mnn was worsted In tho comparison. His strug gle to mako onds meet waH said to bo keener than that of tho laborer who acknowledged, by tho absenco of a starched collar, that his work was physical and violent, not mental and "gentlemanlike." Thus tho problem of poverty, so long exclusively asso ciated with tho people of tho slums, Is fast moving In tho direction of tho mlddlo class man tho married clerk the man with the white collar Ho Is struggling to keep up a superior dignity upon an lnf6rlor Income; tho pay envclopo of tho skilled working man Is usually bigger than IiIb and less of It goes for show. To remedy this difficulty It has been suggested that men and women of tho middle class curtail their social aRplratlona.. Dut this la tho wrong remedy. The mission of tho twentieth century is to breed aspiration, Tho problem Is to jralno tho Incomo and standard of liv ing of both tho tenement laborer and mlddlo class man. $$w? 'rIEFm' Mr iittiiTtfM 1 liili TIFlTfr m iMitti it xu-jmf Qfcz&mmKQzxzzJi,jxzr A Drooklyn man has boon sentencod to kiss his wlfo at least twice a day for seven years, but it is thought that eho may bo generous enough to lot htm off with ono on Sundays, so that bo shall not havo causo to regard It as a seven-year plague "Hitch your wagon to a star!" said Emerson. Ho was too early to orig inate tho notion of hitching a nlcdgo to an aeroplane. This idea has oc- cis&H&zroy known to all, solitary" Cajamarqullla Is burled In an obscurity as deep as tho sand that covers It, whllo few, very few, authors ovon mako mon tion of it. I said that I was about to leavo Lima. It was the ovo of my departuro whon I lcarnod from Profossor Savillo, of Now York, tho well known Kouadorlan ex plorer, thnt ho had vis ited tlio lulns that very day. How I wished that I could havo accompa nied him! I concluded that regrets were use less, and I was about to relinquish nil hope of ever seeing tho old Peru vian city, whon I learned that tho departuro fiom Callao of tho Ucayall had been postponed for a day. Communicating this fact to Doctor Sa villo, ho most grnclnuRly volunteered to accom pany mo on tho morrow. It was an opportunity 1 readily grasped. Thus it happened that wo mot by appointment at tho Lima station of tho Oroya railroad at 8:30 on a morning early In July. Gray clouds, au usually, hung heavily over the city whon we boardod tho train, which soon pulled out Of tho station, to begin tho steep Journey up tho Andean Blopeo. A llttlo way outside of Lima tho sun was shining in a cloudless sky, scattering Its rays through an atmosphero as transparent as any you could wish to see in .Castile or Aragon. Hero and thero on tho routo tho pdobo ruins of pro-Inca civilization might bo observed, for tho IUraac valley Is richer in such ruins thnn any othor part of tho coast. Tho morning waB bright and exhilarating when wo urrlved at Santa Clara railway station. Leav ing Mrs. Savillo to proceed to Choslca, tho pro- curred to an Ingenious Frenchman In ' feasor, IiIb young son, and myself alighted. A Algeria, lie finds thnt n sledge en- Httlo mulo car, run on trackB, awaited ub. It pablo of carrying throe passengers, might accommodate about nlno persons. Wo equipped with a slxty-horse-powor aer- BI,rnnS t0 tho 8cat8' tho drlvor wped up his oplaue motor, will ,11. over sand '".' " ? " . n uuinuuil nuiuo w wutjtti -i Mwt iiiuiuo, (uv bills with a gradient of ono In flvo with perfect eafuty up to it speed of twenty miles nn hour. Now ho pro poses tho attachment of a lifting piano for clearing rough obtaclei His ex pectation is thst his dcvlco -svill super, oedo tho camol and unlto distant points In Africa divided by hitherto lmpassablo wastes of sand. A woman In I'onnnylvanla was re cently fined tor being a witch. It Is now In order for the sad experience of the western railroad to bo repeated In centors of civilization, which rail road was fliied for mutilating a val uable work of art In delivering a statue of tho Venus Milo with Its arms missing. It is predicted that money-washing machines will bo Installed In bankB and In department stores like those UBod by tho government. They may not come Into universal use, however, aa thero will always bo somo who have do usa for clean money. According to an authority In such matters, the llfo of a dollar bill is 14 months. Now will ho please tell us bow many microbes It maintains duo lng that tlmo? An Ohio woman secured an Injunc tion to prevent hor husband from telephoning her or making dates with ber. An Injunction Isn't needed to restrain the majority of blase husbands. Lightning In Chicago struck a girl who was playing on tho piano and damaged the piano, This Is one of ; the acts which perhaps might bo classed as the benovolent despotism of naliira. and bleeding, how wo pitied them! But In thoso countries animals aro handled without morcy. A run of a couple of miles or moro, passing on tho way tho llttlo train that la used to haul tho cane, or enrry th laborers, w errived near the dwelling of th hacienda, now Ihaspi, under stand, by Chinese. Somo dlBtanco from tho houso wo alighted, to contlnuo tho Journoy on foot In tho direction of tho mountains. For a whllo wo had a good, though dusty road, but tho greater part of tho Journoy had to bo mado through sandy plains, which did not lmprovo our personal appoaranco, so that wo presented a pic ture of dust and wretchedness on our return to tho Hotel Maury In Lima. Our way was now and thon obstructed by adobo walls, or by tho canals used for lrrleatlou, and over these wc had to climb or Jump. It was not long boforo wti caught sight of tho ruins, (solitary and abandoned. With tho oxcoption of a herd of cattle and tho mounted herdsmen, besides an occasional buz zard or vulture, no living being wob lu sight. Cajamarqullla lies about 23 miles from Lima, aB you ascend tho valley of tho Iliinao, but in n sldo valloy, In a plain among tho spurs of tho Andeu. Tho valloy Is watered by a canal, dug, probably, at a period antedating tho advent of tho Spanlurds. In the vicinity aro sovoral ha ciendas, such as Huachlpa and La Nlverca, and an occasional "tambo" or rural Inn, where, If you caro to, eomo kind of rofroshmont may bo had. Theso, however, aro hardly vlslblo from tho ruins, near which ono Bolltary hut 'p to bo seen. Years ago, when Squler visited tho place, tho ruins were tho haunt of robbers that gave no llttlo troublo to tho Peruvian authorities,' but tho railroad has driven them out of business, and It Jl&ggZ' G&M$r J7T CAJVTL&QZZU&Jir- is now qulto safo to visit Cajamarqullla. In fact, tho thought of robbers was not connected in my mind with Cajarmarqullla, until I read Squler's work. During our brief stay among the ruins It was ImpoBBiblo to mako anything llko measurements, oxcept with tho eye, but na far as tho vision ex tended towards tho mountain wo saw nothing but ruins which stretched to a great distance to right and left. Toward tho river they seemed to melt away into tho plain. Squler says that they covor an area of nearly a squaro league, and MIddendorf estimates their extent at four squaro kilometers. From my observations, tho ruins consist of houses built of Immenso adobo blocks, closely adjoining each other, hero and thero sep arated by streets. Somo of tho houses consist of several apartments. Admission is gained through a low doorway, but nowhoro la thore n sign of a window. As in Pompeii, tho roofs, whatever may havo been tho material of their construction, havo long slnoo fallen in. Outside tho buildings, the soil has risen to a great height, Bometlmea nearly to the top of tho wall, but in Bide the walla tho depth gives an idea of tho orlginnl height of perhaps 10 feet or more. To ward tho mountain, a large portion of tho city la almost completely burled in tho sand, which In tho courso of ageB has como drifting down from the hills Thore aro within tho city a fow eleva tions or small hills, which may havo been occu pied by temples or forts. Pits aro everywhere within and without the houses, with a width of from two to four and a depth ranging from six to twenty feet or moro. Human remains lu the shape of skulls and bones aro found within tho pits or scattered over tho ground, together with bits of pottery and other articles, such as corn cobs, which wero probably Interred with tho dead. Somo of theso pits aro said to havo perved tho purposes of storehouses or granaries, whllo others wero certainly graves. The inhabitants of thi city burled their dead within or in tho imme dlato vicinity of thoir housos, although tho mass of tho people must havo used tho necropolis, somo distance away from tho residences. Many of theso pits, excavated in tho hard soil, are lu tho form of a Jar or urn, while others aro square. Squler thus describes tho ruins as he saw (hem: "Thoso consist of threo great groups of build on and around tho central masB, with streets passing between them. It would bo Impossible to descrlbo this complicated mazo of massive adobo wolls. most of thorn still standing, nlbolt much shattored by earthquakes, or to convey an idea of tho pyramidal odlllcos, rising stngo on stago, with terraces and broad llighta of stops leading to their summits." Ho addB that tho history of tho placo has boon lost to tradition. Ab standing on an eminence, surrounded by tho rulnB, with tho silence of death upon you, you look down upon what was onco a city, cap able of containing a population of ten or twelve thousand, you wondor what people dwelt there. Tho accumulation of soil and the fact that a large 1 w f. ttyST WMARADPQRD,.,1 Mr. "William A. Radford will answer questions and bIvo ndvlco KUEE OF COST on all subjects pertaining to the subject of building, for tlie readers of this paper. On account of his wldo experience as Editor, Author nnd Manufacturer, he is, without doubt, tho hlKlieut authority on nil theso BUbJects. Addros nil Inquiries to William A. Had ford, No. 17S West Jackson boulevard, Chicago, III., and only enclose two-cent stamp for reply. A full two-story seven-room house of a stylo like the ono hero shown Ib very popular generally In tho smaller cities. As It Is only 22 feot In width this liouro can bo built on tho or dinary narrow city lot. It 1b Just as necessary to specialize In designing houses as It Is Jn any other line of business. Living condi tions differ a groat deal as the town Increases In size, and wo are obliged to build houses to fit tht, changing conditions. Whc. a village has ono part of tho city Ib burled would Indicate remote an tiquity, and a possible destruction of the place long boforo tho advent of tho Europeans, wero it not for what Estcto tolls us. Miguel Esteto accompanied Hernando Pizarro from Caxamarca to Pachacamac, at tho tlmo when Atahualpa's people were scouring tho country to collect BUfllcient gold for the ransom of their unfortunate chief. Ho gives us the itiner ary of Hernanflo day by day until the return to Caxamarca. Wherever he goes he finds tho country thickly populated with towns and villages, surround ed by cultivated fields of malzo and orchards, with flocks of a kind of Bheep. Ho Judges that Pacha camac is of considerable antiquity, and ho finds within It a certain number of ruins. No mention Ib mado of Cajamirquilla, yet It is probablo that his Journey led him tnrougn the valley of tho Rlmac, and Markham even sup poses that he passed over tho present site of Lima. According to MIdden dorf, who Infers his statement from Estete'a narrative, the valley was at that time thickly populated, having be sides many smaller p 1 a c o s three largo towns, Huadca, now Hua tlca, Armatambo, and Cajamarqullla. Huadca, he says, was the princi pal town of tho district. Its ruins still exist be tween Lima and tho vil lage of Magdalena, but they seem to bo even less known than thoso of Cajamarqullla. The valley, together with tho entire coast, was overrun antl con quered by tho Inqas, a century or moro before tho arrival of the Span iards, about the tlmo that theso lords of tho Poruvian uplands Imposed their rule on tho Grand Chlmu farther north and on Pachacamac. Though there Is llttlo or nothing to indicate an Inca occupation at Cajamarqullla, it is qulto like ly that after tho conquest Ub population moro or less mingled with the conquerors. To Judge from tho names of places in tho conquered districts, tho victors imposed their language, no doubt gradually supplanting the original tongue of the valleys and coastlands. Caxamarca Is a Quechua name, meaning "rock city." Caxamarqullla Is tho Spanish diminutive of Caxamarca. The city in tho Rlmac valley was thus called Llttlo Caxa marca, to distinguish It, no doubt, from that othor Caxamarca to tho north, so intimately connected with tho sad history of Atahualpa. Among old writers who havo treated of the coast pooplo that preceded tho Incas, Don Fran cisco do Avlla, priest In the principal village of Huarochlri, may bo profitably consulted. His work was translated and published by Sir Clem ent Markham, In the forty-eighth volume of the Hnkluyt series. Unfortunately, Cajamarqullla furnishes little data to the archaeologist. It contains no inscrip tions, no works of nrt, and Its pita havo been opened and searched, probably by treasure hunt ers, who rtavo long slnco carried off any objects of valuo thoy may havo contained. Yet tho ruins aro of the greatest interest for tho beauty of their situation, their general plan, and their adobo architecture. Cajamarqullla must rank as one of the finest remains of that mysterious pre Inca civilization which existed on tho coast between tho Pacific ocean and the mighty Andean ranges. Unlike the massive ruins on Lake Titicaca, or tho oft-mentioned Pachacamac, it has attracted llttlo attention on tho part either of tourist or scientist, and its history does not exist. Yet a careful study ol Its houses, with their apartments, of Its streets, and of Its burial places may, I think, throw some light on the modo of life of the primitive people that onco dwelt within It. Tho othnologlst may also find some material In the skulls that lie scattered throughout tho ruined city, or burled in its pits. Ab you wander through tho Itlmac valley and contemplate its vast solitudes and crumbling ruins, you ask yourself what has become of the population. Alas, what has becomo of tho Indian population of tho West Indies, and where are our Indians of the United States? Thoy have molted away boforo Caucasian civilization. s Somo day a patient explorer and archaeologist may pitch his tents among tho ruins of Cajamar qullla to study them In detail and forco them to reveal some of thoir secrets. At least ho may give us a plan of tho city, and reconstruct it, drawing Borne ordor from its confusion. For tho present, Cajamarqullla Is a myBtery. It has neither history nor tradition; no legends cluster around It; Its exlsteuco Is Ignored; even archaeologists appear to neglect It It Ib, In very truth, a dead city of tho desert. KrTMC prfl A ft tl (j 0ve ryenf I '-"' FT" I tnvr.c ZOV fl itjttr sJlC 4 I fttx First Flcor Plan. hundred inhabitants, twenty or thirty houses will hold tham all. Each house may occupy a co.ncr, and havo an aero or two of lan'l for air space and for growing frultC and vegetables There are no sewfrs, -curbs, or pave ments; the stree.s aro not lighted nt night; there aij no policemen or other public serva.its to pay; so tho tax levy on a two-acre lot Is not very SpellUa it elct.1 purl Oi il .uv uliU you cuntiot mako It too lfus..nt or convenient Nat row city Ioih ure not well calculated to supp'j lit. lit espe cially during tho fall and onrl win tor months; but a kitchen ttuilt in thlfi fashion cornea about uu nar solv ing tho problem as is pott-'hie to do Thero 19 an advantage In n lull two story house Tho extra bpuets over the upper rooms Is worth n great deal to keep the house cool Tho bhape und height of this house gives It u good appenrt'iicp from tho street It does not look I In a narrow houoo Prob ably tho f o and shape or the veran da hnve something to do it h this; but il Is a fact that a house bu It liko this looks largsr than it reully Is Such a house may be built under favorable conditions for cbsu: J2.000 or $2,200 A great deal depends on labor condltlonB and the di-tance that building materials have to be shipped. Somo communities are d scrlniinuted against when It comes to house build ing because building supi lie iuui-i bo shipped long distances vone com munities have no stone or fi.juI two commodities which are very import ant in the building line It Is no ticeable thnt such communities very often have to bring lumb -r from con siderable distances All thec things affect the cost of the PnMnd houso 1 he New Majjic A held of leiuduur Uui'ipled the Lapland biiows; a polur b ir leaps. from .. hummock of Ice and dtvts Into tno arctic seas; n moth IiwmUh lm io-t-oon, dries its tender wings a mom -nt In the bun und essays its llrst lillit ; ft water beetle darts upon a mi ke, links its forceps below the head and (lings to the threshing, mi ddeiiud rep tile while a hundred fellows join tha i.ttack and strike until n mortal snot is reached; an otter sneaks upon a rock, slashes a cruel paw into he stream and a q'uiverlng ba&s lies at hlB feet. What wonderful stories are depleted in the moving picture films The magic carpet Is outdone Day by day the creatureB of tlu- wild aro captured" In their hnunts nnd led be fore us Kings ride to bo crowned; .Moorish potters whirl their wheels. The mystic Nile Hows in the u'nw of r r" it ret ;j rj - . , -j SV YiBWKWWeV. t ""'- sjJVVfXKV ZiM&tot . ' t J Wt - w S?iS3S??$?& 53 gpEKaSi- SwwM' .f-S?seK r mmmsmmm& n wmw&w - iuCrASr M4 4wvWi uuAvviC oy I - 1 .- ? Vi n i nfiil r ' "WiV" ft ! ' ! r AHdx 'w"M"Sw . ifamuwrmJ. r i!vZyjJ&&ifc (121 fix. ZSXZilJMM-"-"- jA.lC7l' zmL&gxZwilzs&zm&Mi?' ' ' "--'Kit s'smwsyiasgrii, - :s:5i lf. S SAW fM oppressive. But when the booraera get to work, advertising the won derful advantages of tho place, tho population Increases in some places with great rapidity; then grafters como along with their various Im provement schemes, and expenses soon mount up until a two-acre lot loses Its charm when tho tax man makes out his bill. Fresh air is then sacrificed In pro portion to tho ambition of tho vil lage promoters, until, in romo In. stances, one of these old fashioned holdings is carved Into twenty little 3 Ipf DCS KOH lACOg Vi. the dying sun; shadowy camels pace her banks; pyramid and snhinx stand ghostlv In tho dusk. Italian soldiers lire from their trenches A battle Meet steams out to sea while you lean at our easo and with a tallsmumt. dime command tho world to dis-c!oe Ita ims'erles and parade Its races Small wonder that the modern child holds fniry tales in slight esteem Herbert Kaufman In Woman's World Good Idsa for Stcno-rrphcrs. A woman who owns and manntes a public u' nographlc business In nn eastern city has developed n ' new branch. She lias provided hcrEolf nnd her uBfclstnnts with telephone opera tors' headbands and receivers by means of which they take dictation by telephone directly on tho tvpewrltor from customers, perhaps miles away. This service Ib to meet the needs of lawyers, doctors and business men who have a few letters to write every day and et not enough to warrant their employing a private stenograph er. Letters are either signed, ad dressed and mailed direct from tho office or forwarded to the customer for signature and mailing. LOOKED WELL AS ANYBODY th Portly Lady Was Not Wasting Thouaht as to Her A -aranco In Oathlng 8 Mrs. Stookwell stood on tho beach n her bathing suit- Tho tide was low tnd there waa a stretch of shining tand between her and tho breakers ho slender, potltq girl who eat a few vet further up the beach could see r superabundant fcrtn In proilU; but she had soon ber thUB In hor am plitude every day at bathing hour for many weeks and the phenomenon no louger aroused her wonder. "What a nice rubber cap you havo, Mrs. Stockwell," remarked tho potlto girl, as Mrs. Stockwell ralsod her fat arniB In ths act of drawing her cap over her hair. "It's good enough," waa tho breath !& response. "Keeps my hair dry. And what do you think of my suit?" "All right," said tho potlto girl, po litely. Mrs, Stockwell laughed oloaglnously, hor portly person shaken to Its founda tions by tho act. "Why, U'b nothing but an old suit," said sho, "but U'b good enough. Tho summer's over now; I wouldn't got a new ono. U'b not stylish, I suppose. Dut I can't beo as I don't look as well as anybody else. Nobody looks nice," alio went on, sweeping tho dainty figure of tho pctlto girl with a stern and critical glanoe. "Thore was only ono woman hero this summer whose bathing suit was becoming, nnd Bho's gono homo. Wo all of us look funny and I don't look funnlor than any ono else." And with this parting remark Mrs. Stock well rolled golatlnously down Into th sea and dipped three times. To Picture Aurora Borealla. A camera which will enable motion pictures of the aurora borealla to bo mado has been perfected by a Swedish scientist, Second Floor Plan. lots, and ou get your deed from somebody's subdivision of lot num ber two, allotting to you thirty feet frontage, tho same extending buck ono hundred feet, moro or lesB, to an alley. This llttlo burial plot then be comes the last resting place of many unsatisfied hopes of lino outlooks, plenty of elbow room, fresh air, and bright sunshine. Dut the modern architect has met tho many changing and shifting prob lems with a bravo confidence In his ability to deliver enough condensed houso comfort to compensate the new owner fully for' his many disappoint ments. It wns for the purpose of tit ting n comfortable houso to such a lot that this nnrrow house was de signed. It is only tho width of one room and n cood hail In tho front part, and dining room and bathroom In tho centor, with an extension for tho kitchen. A kitchen with three Bides to the weather fits a lot of this kind to perfection. You cannot get too much light and air into a kitchen It Is the most Important room in the bouse a room where a woman Motcr Slaughter. Roughly speaking, motcr vehicles aro killing In tho streets of Loudon to day about twice as many persons ns were killed by the horse vehicles. That is a hard fact which Is not to bo disposed of by the motorist's claim that ho has far moro control over hla carriage than a horse driver ever had. Ho has more control, we believe, but that only makes It plain that tho con trol is not exercised. Westminster Gazette Up Against It. "Dad," said tho Avalon youth, "I want to go In for a career " "All right, Bon." "What would you advise?" "1 dunno Politics Is crcoked, and 'aw. medicine and dentistry aro over crowded " "Thnt doesn't leave me much of an opening." Bald tho young man "I havo no talent for baseball." Pitts burg Post He Begins to S;e. "When 1 first hit town," romarked Farmer Heck "I uster stond on a cor ner and wonder how all theso city peop'.c managed- to live." "Well'" "Well, seeing as they have got $18 ' out oi me In four davs. It ain't such a mystery, after all." Washington Herald. ;4XBltv,i -IWi.'fc. -yA 'SA wikJ&.'-