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1
-DEATHIIST
PUT III 1,242
?'
Only 868 Saved from the
Wreck of the World's
Largest Vessel.
ICEBERG IN COURSE
Worst' Maritime Disaster of
Modern Times Due to
' Treacherous floe in the
j Path of the Great White
Star Liner Prominent and
Wealthy Men on Board
Monetary Loss on Vessel
and Cargo Will Reach $20,-000,000.
Now York, April 17. This 16 what
la known about the Titanic disaster:
She camo Into collision with an Ice
berg, smashed In nor bows and sank
In about four hours.
There were three diVfour steamers
within 200 miles of hiritud they re
sponded to hor wlrolkss calls for help.
, So far It Is only "known positively
that ono ship, the Carpathla, reached
the vicinity In timo to save any Uvea.
Sbo found 868 passengers In life
boats floating; near what had ' been
given as the TItnnlq's position In the
'Wireless calls for help. These the
Carpathla took on board and In now
bringing to New York. Nearly nil
these rescued passengers are women
and children, though among them ap
pear the names of a few men, notably
J. Bruce Ismay of the White Star
Company, who was making the trip
on tho company's newest and largest
ship on her innlden voyage.
New York, April 17. Wireless dls
patches received Monday showed that
the passengers of tho monster White
Btar line steamer Titanic, which
Htruck an Iceberg off tho Newfound
land coast on her maiden voyage from
Southampton, woro being transferred
to tho steamer Carpathla, a Cupnrdnr,
which left Now York April 13. for Na
ples. ' Capt. B. J. Smith, "commander or tho
Titanic, probably wont to hla grave
with ' hla veasol without once being
nblo to communicate dlrnct with tho
ngonta of hla line.
Asldo from tho "O. Q. D," sont by
his wltoless operator not ono word
from him was rooolvod up to tho timo
tho Titanic nnnk bow foremost into
tho ocean.
Women and Children First.
Tho presumption lo that ho met
doath at his pout ns n gallant skipper
should Thnt ho and hla crow en
forced rigidly tho unwritten law of
tho sea women and children first
la plainly Indicated by tho preponder
ance of womon among tho partial list
of survivors that tho wlroless hns
given.
Although 8CC aro reported to bo on
tho Carpathla. It la apparent thnt all
of them aro not passongors, for It was
necessary for inomberfl of tho Tl
tanlc'a crow to man tho lifeboats
which set out from tho sinking llnor.
How many of tho crow woro as
signed to each bout Is a matter or
rnnlnrturn A almllnrllv unnotlcd mat
tor 1b the percentago of flrst-clasB pas-1
aengera nmone those snvcu. wnno
tho names of survivors obtained aro
largely those of saloon passengers, tho
rule "women first" should apply
equally to tho second cabin and steer
age, a regulation which may have cost
tho lives of many prominent men
above decks. It is nntural also that
the nnjneB of tho more obscure sur
vivors would bo slower In reaching
land.
Not a Word From Titanic.
After the first desperate calls of tho
Titanic for holp had been sent flying
through spaco and brought steamers
for hundreds of miles around speeding
to the flcono, what Boems to havo been
an Impenetrable wall of sllenco was
raised between her and tho anxious
world.
Tho giant llnor, It seems, went to
her fate without so much ob a whlapor
of what must havo been tho scenes
of terrible tragedy enacted on her
decks.
In tho lack of even a lino from
a survivor, Imagination pauses bo-
foro evon trying to conjecturo what
passed as tho Inevitable became
known and It was seen that of the
moro thnn 2,000 human lives with
which sho was freighted thoro could
be hopo of saving, as It nppeurs, far
Ices than a half.
Greatest Marine Horror.
Other than the nowB that 8C0 per
sons had been rescued rrom tho Ilnor'o
beats by tho Cunnrder Cnrpatltla,
hours passed without a word as to the
fata of tho remainder of those on
board at tho time of tho fateful crash.
Along tho entire Atlantic coast
wireless instruments were attuned to
catch from nny source tho slightest
whisper of hopo that possibly on one
of the many steamships which rushed
to tho assistance of tho stricken Titan
of tho seas woro other survivors of
tho sunken vessel.
At llrst thcro was hopo that uuy
moment might bring word of cheer
But anxiety deepened and many
frlonds and relatives or thoso who
Bulled on tho Tltnnic began to despair
as hour nftor hour passed without
word from oithor of tho Allan llnors,
Parisian or Virgininn, believed to be,
with tho oxcoptlon of tho Carpathla,
SCENE OF OCEAN DISASTER
.
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NEW YORK
iLfWtivwn
riAV .
WHERE THE TITANIC MET HER FATE.
the vessels nearest tho Tltanlc's ocean
burial placo when she mado her
plungo.
Bunod Two Miles Under 8ea.
The Titanic herself lies buried two
miles beneath tho ocean'B surface,
.midway between Snblo Inland and
Capo ftaco. Her position when she
struck tho Iceberg was given as lati
tude 41.40 north, longitude 60.14 west.
False news and false hopes and an
International belief that tho palatial
Titanic was practically unsinkable,
followed the slowly unfolding ac
counts of her loss in a way without
precedent.
MANY IN FIRST CABIN LOST
Wick and wife; Harry Wldenor,
Dunne Williams, N. M. Williams Jr.,
George Wright.
DANGER AHEAD
ICEBERGS DREAD OF SEAMEN
FIRST RESULT OF THE COLLISION
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ACCORDING TO MARINE AUTHORITIES, THE DAMAGE SUS
TAINED HERE MARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE END.
List of Those on the Titanic for
Whom the Company Holds Out
.Little Hope of Safety.
New York, April 17. Tho following
persons, on the first-class passenger
list or the Titanic, almost certainly
wont down with the vessel:
Miss E. Adams, A. J. Allison, wife,
daughter, son. maid and nurse; Thom
as Andrews, Raymond Artnga-Veytla.
O. H. Barkworth, J. Baumann.
Qulgg Daxtor, T. Ilcattie, K. H. Bohr,
H. njornsliom, Stephen Wear Black
well, Miss Caroline Bennett, Lily Bon
nell. J. J. Borebank, Miss Bowcn.
Klsle Bowerraan, John B. Brady. E.
Brandels. Dr. Arthur Jnckson Brow,
Mrs. S, W. Bucknell and maid, MaJ.
Archibnld W. Butt.
Frank Carlson, b M. Garran, J. P.
Carran, Mrs. E. M. Chlbnnll, Robert
Chlsholm, Walter M. Clark and wife.
George Qulncy Clifford, E. J. Colley.
Mrs. A. T. Compton and spn, Miss S.
W. Compton, Mrs. R. C. Cornell, John
B Crafton, John Bradley Cummings
and wifo.
P, P. Daly, nobcrt W. Daniel, Will
iam O. Dulles.
Mrs Boulton Enrnshaw, Miss Caro
line Endress, Miss E. "M. Eustls. Mrs.
A. F L. Eganhelm.
B, L. Foreman. T. P. Franklin.
Arthur Ceo, acorgc B. Goldo
Bchmldt, Victor Glgllo, Benjamin Gug
genheim. W. H. Harrison, Christopher Head,
F. Hest. Herbert Henry Hllllard,
W. 13. Hopkins, Mrs. Ida S. HIppach,
A O. Holvorson and wife
Hlrnbaum Jacob, C. C. Jones, H. F.
Julian.
Edward A. Kent, F. R Kcnyon and
wife, E. N. Kimball and wife, Herman
Klabor.
Wllllnin S. Lambert, E. G. Lewis.
Mrs. J. Llndtrom, Milton C. Long, J
H. Lorlng.
J. E. Magulre, T. M'Cnffrv, Timothy
J. M'Carty, J. R. M'Gough, A. Melody,
Edgar J. Meyer nnd wife, Frank D.
Millet, H, Mnrklnnd Molsom. Clarence
Moore nnd man servant, Mr. Morgan,
wlfo and maid.
Charles Nntsch, A. S. Nicholson.
S, Ovles.
M. II. W. I'nrr, Austin Partner, V.
Payne, Thomas Penrx nnd wlfn, Vic
tor Ponnsco, wlof nnd inntd; Walter
Chamberlain Porter,
Jonkbecr Ilcuclillnjg. tleo nholms,
Mrs. Edward S. Robuit nnd maid, W
A.' Roobllng 2d. Hugh Rood, J. Hugo
Ross, Alfred Kowo.
Herbert F. Suhheo and wife, Miss
E. W. JBehultes, Mr. Sllvorthorne,
John M Smnrt, Clinch J. Smith, K.
W, Smith, Frederick O. Spodden, wlfo,
son and mnlr; W. A. Spencer, wtfo
and maid; Dr. Max Staholln. W. T.
Stend, Mns Froellch Stchll and wlfo,
O. E. IL 13. Stengel and wife, Mrs. W.
B, Stephenson. A. A. Stewart, Mrs.
George M, Stone and maid, Isador
Strftuy, wife nnd two sorvants, Fred
crick SUtton. JlTP l-Tedprlek Joel
Swift.
Fmll Tmiftlg nnd wife, Ruth Taus
sig, 13, S. Taylor and wlfo, J. B.
Thayer, wlfo, son and maid; J. Thomo
nnd wife, G. M. Tuckor Jr.
Mr. Uruchurtu.
Wyckoff Vandcrhoir.
W. Andorson Wulltor, J. Wolr, Per
cival W. White, Richard F. White,
wlfo and two servants; Gcorgo D.
Constitute the Greatest Menace to
Navigation Fog and Derelicts
Also Feared.
Now York, April 17. Icebergs, such
as the one that brought disaster to the
Titanic, constitute one of three
sources of greatpet peril to vessels
navigating the north Atlantic. The
other two are fog and derelicts. Tho
iceberg menace has been greater this
spring than In any recent year.
In tho last 50 years thero have
been a dozen disasters to big liners
for which Icebergs were responsible.
A mnjorlty of these occurred on New
foundland and tho Grand Banks, In
tho general vicinity of tho Tltanlc's
gravo. The list of these disasters Includes:
Uvea
Lost.
4u
wr
iiinrnni isiri r-Mnc
MINhHS yyh HM-
riSK
i nut-
CAUSE Op IFI
i
Bureau of Mines Marks Great
Step Forward.
SAVES HUNDREDS OF LIVES
Discovery of Danger of Coal Dust Im
portant Handling of Explosives
Made Safer Government's
Experimental Coa ,
Mine,
'W
St. Louis Globe-Democrat, March 28, 1912.
TOR REFORMS IN
POSTAL SERVICE
Government's Biggest Business
Concern Now Run on Mod
ern Basis.
Ship. Place. Year.
Canadian, mM-Atlantlc 1SC3
Immigrant chip, oft Caps ItacelSM 158
Vlrkslmrgv on Cnp Race JR69 5
Warrior. Grand Hanks 1878 S3
North Btar, Cabot strait ,1S31 C7
Midway, or :sowfouna!and....iss7 a
VaiHant, Grand Hunks 1S97 70
Hnnublrd. Cnpo Hare J...1833 6
nndymlon. Grand Hnnkd 1900 8
Islander, off Alaska 1901 C7
Albatross. mtd-Atlnntlc -t.1903 22
Tltnnic, oR Capo Race 1312 1,23
'The drift of Ice this spring has been
farthor south than for years. Ves
sels arriving hero and abroad havo re
ported fields extending far down Into
tho southern track and skippers have
told of being shut In by Ice as far
as they could see on every Hide of the
horizon. The size of tho bergs en
countered recently vnrlcB greatly, but
according to reliable reports, some
reaching from CO to 100 feet to the
tops of their walls, with pinnacles and
spires extending to a height of 250
feet or more, have not been unusual.
Below tho water some of thoso giant
bergs extend to a depth of S00 to 1,000
feet.
For many years steamship men
have asserted that the safest place to
bo is on a well equipped ocean liner
In proportion to tho number carried
tho statistics show there Is Icsb loss
of life and less chanco of .njury on a
modern liner than there Is in any
other meauB of transportation. Fleets
corao nnd go from Now York and oth
er ports with tho regularity of the
tides, and thoso carrying malls main
tnin a schedule which almost equals in
punctuality that of railway mall
trains.
Transatlantic steamers travel In
well defined routes, known ns "steam
ship lanes," westbound and tho east
bound. This reduces to a minimum
tho chances of collision. But Ice
bergs and deroltcta have no-respect
for those r'ulos and float Into the paths
or wallow 'across them, to be a dire
menace In time of fog or thick weath
er. There Is no way to glvo warn
ing until too late.
"In ordinary circumstances these
watertight compartments will preserve
u ship from sinking," said A. L. Hop
kliiB, vice-president of tuo Newport
News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock com
pany In. N?w York, "but smashing Into
nn lechery could produce shattering
olfects that would render a ship help
it's bojond tho protection of any do
sign yot known. In foro aud after
collisions, whoro tho compartmonts
are punctured, tho lowering of either
end of the' ship produces nn increased
strain on tho other compartments."
Granting that qnly tho forward bulk
head of thci Tltnnic had boon crumpled
by the impact with tho Icoborg, Mr.
Hopkins was Inclined to bcllove that
tho relntlvo buoyancy of the remaining
compartments would have been sufll
dent, to save the vessel. As ho wns
not famlU-lr with tho rolatlvo division
of the Tltanlc's compartments, ho
could not estimate how many com
purtmentn muBt have givon away un
der tho Impact of the collision.
PENNY POSTAGE POSSIBLE
Economy
tratlon
and Efficiency In Admlnls
Under Hitchcock Make
Cheaper Postage Rates Immi
nentPolicies Should Be
Continued.
SH;KfT.ara
1 Delegates Pledged to Taft. Ij
The delegates to the Repub-1
Mean national convention pledged &
to President Taft on Saturday, j
$5 flprn t, ii;, numoerea zou, as w
follows: fc
Alabama 22
Alaska r... 2
Colorado t 8
1
i Great Marine Disasters
1806, January 11 Steamer London
" ,on Its way to Melbourne, foundered
In the Bay of Biscay; 220 lives lost.
I860, Octobor 3 Stoamor Evening
Star from Now York to Now Or
loans, foundered; 260 lives losC
,1807, Octobor 29 Royal Mall steam
ers Ithono and Wyo, and about BO
other vessels driven OBhoro nnd
wrecked at St. Thomas, West In
dies, byahurrtcano; 1,000 lives lost.
'lAll, January 22 British steamer
Northfleet sunk In collision oil Dun
Keueas; 300 Uvea lost.
.11873, November 23 White Btar liner
Atlantic wrecked off Nova Scotia;
(47 live lost.
X878, November 23 French Line
' steamer Vllle du Havre, from New
York to Havre, In collision with
Up Loch-earn, sank In 10 minutes;
119 lives Vot
1174, December 2S Immigrant vea-
Ml, Coapatrlck, took Are and sank
r i AklAu4; 471 lire Iwj.
1876, May 7 Hamburg mall steamor
Schiller wrecked In fog on Scllly
lslos; 200 lives lost.
1876, Novorabor 4 American steam
er Pacific In collision thirty mites
southwest or Capo Flattery; 230
Uvea lost.
1878, March 24 British training 'ship
Eurydlco, a frigate, foundered near
tho Isle of Wight; 300 Uvea lost.
1878, September 3 British Iron ex
cursion boat Princess Alice Bunk In
collision In tho Thames; 700 llvos
lost,
1878, December 18 French steamer
uyzanun, sunic in collision in tho
Dardanollos, with tho British steam
er Rlnnldo; 210 lives lost.
1880, January 31 British tralntng
ship Atlanta left Bermuda with 2UU
men and was never heard from.
1884, July 23 Spanish steamer Uljou
and British steamer Lux In collision
off Flnliterre; 160 lives lost.
. . ' - . - - 3"-
18S9. March 1G U. S. warships Tren
ton, Vnndalla nnd Nlpslo and Ger
man Phlps Adler and Ebor wrecked
on Snmoan Islands; 147 lives lost.
1SU0, September 10 Turkish Frigate
Ertogrul, foundered oft Japan; 64U
llvos lost.
1891, March 17 Anchor Unor Utopia
lu collision with British steamer
Anson off Gibraltar and sunk; 674
lives lost.
1893, Juno 22 British battleship Vic
toria sunk in collision with tho
Cnrapordown oft Syria; 367 lives
lost
1804, Juno 26 Steamor Norgo
wrecked on Itocknll lteot In North
Atlantic; nearly 000 lives lost.
1895, January 30 German steamer
steamer Crathlo In North Sea; 336
lives lost.
1896, March 11 Spanish cruiser
Ilolna Ilrgonta foundered In Atlan
tic at entrance to Mediterranean;
400 lives lost.
1898, July 2Stearashlp Bourgogno
rammed British stool sailing vessel
Cromarty shlro and uauk rapidly;
671 lives lost,
1901, June 16 General Slocum, excur
sion stoambont with 1,400 persona
aboard; took llro while going
through Hell Gato, East Kiver;
more thnn 1,000 lives lost.
1905, Soptember 12 Jupnnosa 6tenm
ship Miknsa wrecked by explosion;
699 lles lost.
1907, February 12 Steamship Larch
mont In collision with Henry Know I
ton in Long Island sound; 183 lives
lost.
1907, Fpbrunry 21 English mall
steamship Berlin wrecked off tho
Hook of Holland; 142 lives lost.
1907, February 24 Austrian Lloyd
steamship Imporntrlx, from Trlesto
to Bombay, wrecked on Capo of
Crote and sunk; 137 lives lost.
1907, March French warship Jena,
blown lip at Toulon; 120 lives lost.
No branch of the public service
comes closer to the people thun tho
postofflco department. In this depart
ment tho Taft administration has ac
complished results which have ren
dercd this service moro efficient than
at any other time in the history of the
country.
In thorough accord with tho policy
of economy and efficiency of the Tall
administration, Postmaster General
Frank H. Hitchcock has put a end to
the annual deficit In the postofflco de
partment and mado possible the seri
ous consideration of further reforms
and improvements, not the least im
portant of which 1b the Imminent pos
sibility of penny postage. Many oth
er reforms that have tho support ot
President Taft will be inaugurated
this year. Anotlier term of the Taft
administration would place this $240,
000,000 business institution complete
ly on a business basis.
At tho beginning of tho present ad
ministration tho postal service was1 in
arrears to the extent of $17,479,770.47.
which was decidedly tho largest de
ficit on record. Last year tho reve
nues exceedetl tho expenditures by
$219,118.12.
Tho wiping out of the deficit has
been accomplished without any cur
tailment of fnoilltles. On the con
trary, there haw been established 3,744
now postofucet. delivery by carrier
has been provided in 18(1 additional
cities, and 2.55 C new rural routps, ag
gregating G0.G0 miles, have been au
thorized. Meanwhile tho force r l,os
tal employes has been Increased by
moro than 8,000, nnd last year tho
total amount ('xpfudrd for salaries
wua approximately $14,000,000 gre'ntcr
tlmn two year ago. Tho average an
nual salary h'is been Increased from
$869 to $967 ror rural carriers frouj
$979 to $1,082 for post ofllco clcrksj
from $1,021 to ?i,us4 lor city letter
carriers, and from $1,163, to $1,183 for
railway costal clerks. Thus a mnrked
extension or tho postnl service and
Increased compensation Tor Its em
ployes havo gone hand in hand with a
vanishing doflclt.
Postal Banks Great Success.
By persistent effort tho present Re
publican administration secured the
passage on June 25, 1919, of the net
creating the postal savings system,
which Jb now In operation nt prac
tically all tho 7,500 presidential post
ofilceB. Preparations nrc being mado
for its extension to 40,000 fourth
class postofllces. It Is confidently
anticipated that the doposltB at tho
close of tho present fiscal year will
aggregate $50,000,000, and that the In
come of the system will be sufficient
to- pay nil operating expenses.
Under President Tnlt too postoflice
department has engaged in nn aggres
sive crusado against tho fraudulent
uso of tho malls. Last year tho In
spectors Investigated many cases in
olving tho salo of worthless stock In
Imaginary mining companies and oth
er fictitious concerns. There were nl
togother 529 Indictments nnd 184 con
victions with but twelve acquittals
Tho other cases aro pending. Tho con
victed swindlers had defrnuded tho
people of many millions of dollars. A
Krent number of similar concerns
linvo gone out of business owing to
the rigid enforcement of tho Iaw.
Hi
fl n .i. .i !.. t.1. r
m'r uiKTrirr cit i.niiirnEii3 ... . . . . c tvz
Florida 12$;
Georgia 26
Indiana zu I
(lown .i 8 ,t
VI n.i-i-i e m
SM micnigan u
Mississippi 20;!
I Missouri G V
New Mexico 7 fc
S New York ,,,,....,, 79
Oklahoma ...'. 4 g
Philippines' 2K
South Carolina 16 a
"5
5, Tennessee 16 rf
Virginia 24
2) Necessary for choice 539
Sunday service by omployeo haB
bpen reduced to a minimum, with lit
tle objection from the patrons of tho
service.
Reforms Under Way.
Many other Improvements have
been made In the postal service dur
ing Presidont Taft's term of office,
such as the shipment ot periodicals in
carloads try fast freight, which has re
duced the cost of transportation and
expedited the handling of first-class
mall, and tho consolidation of the star
routo and rural delivery services so
that It has been possible to establish
many now routes and to serve thou
sands of additional patrons on exist
ing routes with llttlo or no increased
cost. But tho Taft program ot postal
reform nnd progress is not yet com
pleted, Tho president is urging con
gress to adopt legislation for the re
adjustment of postage rates on a
basis of cost, which will eventually
permit of a one-cent rate on letter
mnll. A project also Is under way tor
giving to village communities tho
same tree delivery of mall that Is now
eujoyed by cities and the rural popu
lation. The establishment of a domestic
parcel post haB received tho earnest
consideration ot the president, in
somo branches of tho delivery serv
ice, nptably tho rural and city deliv
ery routes, the equipment now neces
sary Is sufficient for tho additional
transportation ot considerable mer
chandise with llttlo or no Increase In
expense. A system thus limited would
enable tho government to render an
Importnnt service to many millions or
'people and to detormino from the
Viewpoint of actual experience tho
iiost deslrablo manner of extending it.
President Tnlt, accordingly, has
urgently recommended to congress tho
adoption of the necessary legislation,
and to present the issue clearly, three
ltepis or $50,000 each have been in
cluded lu tho estimates ot the postal
service by Postmaster General Hitch
coctk, two to cover the Initial expense
ot introducing the parcel post on rural
roiuteo and in tho city dolivery serv
iced respectively, and tho third to
meet the cost oi an investigation look
ing qo tho final extension of the serv
ico jto the railways and other trans
portation llpes.
I Dr. Wiley Supports Taft.
Dif. Harviy V. Wllei, who quite re
cently resigned as chief chemist of the
dopaftment of agriculture, when In
Cincinnati several days ago, mado tho
rollolving statement:
"President Taft Is the one man who
stooill between mo and destruction at
Washington. When efforts were being
ran&o to 'assasslnato me,' Taft proved
my only protcctbr. He stood by mo
antl I nm gratotul to him. I hope he
will be re-elected president."
J ,
iTrom all over comes the news or tho
sohldlflcation ot the Taft forces for tho
mighty polllug of sentiment that will
snow Roosevelt never had a chance.
Tho saving of many llvos annually
tho lives ot minors throughout tho
United States will bo ono of tho
splendid results that will follow tho
establishment of the bureau of mines,
ono of tho great achievements in tho
interest of labor by tho administration
ot President Taft. The formation of
this bureau Is likewise a notabio
achievement, and will prove far-reaching
in Its effects to a class of wage
earners which has been In groat need
of somo practical relief.
The excessive and unnecessary loss
of life In the mines of this country
wns one of the primary causes for tho
creation or this bureau. For years
hundreds or miners wero killed In
mine disasters, aud practically noth
ing- was dono to check tho terrlblo loss
ot lire. There was also need for an In
vestigation to determino what could
bo done In tho way of handling tho
high explosives, as well as to Improve
tho conditions under which tho men
worked.
Spurred on by President Taft, ah
act creating the buroau of mines was
passed by congress and became effec
tive on July l, 1910. John A. Hoiniea
of tho United States geological sud
vey, was appointed a3 tho first direct
or. Mr. Holmes was reputed and cer
tified to bo tho best trained man for
tho placo obtainable In tho United
States. The chief experimental sta
tion was established in Pittsburg,
where tho Investigations of tho prob
Iems entrusted to tho bureau havo
been prosecuted so successfully for
nearly two years.
In the year 1907, the most disastrous
of all years In tho American coat
mine, 3,125 miners lost their lives.
This mnropeuted 4 86 men killed
for every 1,000 employed. In coal
mines In Europe less than two miners
aro killed out of every 1,000 employ
ed. As a result of the work conducted
by the bureau of fnlnes, and tho wise
uso of an appropriation of $150,000
made by congress, tho death rate has
already been reduced to practically
one-half of what It was In 1007.
Ono of tho notable achievements of
tho bureau of mines was tho demon
stration or the fact that coal dust In
a bituminous mlno Is more dangerous
and deadly than gas. It has been the
bollcf, heretofore, that gas or flro
damp was the greatest menace to ttie
miners, and little attention was given
to tho accumulation of coal dust. Tho
bureau of mines proved to tblj satis
faction of the miners as well a3 opera
tors that coal dust would explode, nnd,
unllko fire damp, carried no waring
with It, The keeping of dusty ifljpes
wet, as recommended by the. bureau of
mines, was found to reducejmatorlally
tho chances or nn explosion or coal
dust i
Good Work of Bureau.
Tho number or deaths in tho mines
has been greatly reduced us a result
or the testing or explosives under tho
direction or the bureau of mines. In
tho year 1908 tho coal lines in the
United States used two million pound3
of short flame explosives, and at pres
ent nearly seven times that quantity
Is being used with greater safety, duo
to tho co-operation of tho coal opera
tors and tho bureau of mines.
Tho establishment of an export
mental coal mlno at Drucetown, Pa.,
twelve miles from Pittsburg, Is ttill
another notabio achk-vement of tho
bureau of mines. It places tho Unfed
States in advance of other natiims
nth respect to this research &mi
perlmental work In mines. Numerous
tests nro mado at this experimental
: vl
mine, from which many excellent re
sults are obtained.
Still another Important work vlilch
is conducted under tho uusplcps of tho
bureau of mines is tho irescue of en
tombed miners, since the creatlon-ot
tho buieau many hundreds ot Uvea
havo been saved. At tho big m(nUig
disaster in Ohio ono of tho rescuo
corps of the bureau of mlnps arrived
nt tho sceno thirty two hours after
tho disaster. Three men were rps
cued who had been given up as dead
u,nd allowed to remain In tho mine.
At another time ono man was fqund
allvo among 150 dead, nnd today he Is
the sole survivor of that terriblo ca
tastrophe due to tho splondld wirk of
tho reBCiio corps.
Beforo tho bureau or mlr.es was
mado possible by tho lntorcst or
President Tatt, which was rollowcd
by tho necessary legislation for its es
tablishment, thero was no organized
effort in saving tho lives or entombed
miners. Time and again, men hattrv-"
sacrificed their llvc3 In vain attempts
to rescuo their companions. This un
necessary sacrifice ot Ufa has been
stopped by tho co-operation of tho
state authorities with the federal res
cuers attached to the bureau or mines.
An Investigation ot tho ruol resources
or tho United States Is also being
mado with a view of checking tho
waste, and Increasing tho efficiency
with which fuel is used. This latter
phase of tho work Is a part ot the
practical conservation policy t-i tho
Tnft administration. v
His First Ride.
Glbbs So tho automobile you
bought arrived .yesterday. By the way,
Wasn't that Dr. Evans I saw out in it
with you?
Dlbbs Tes; I thought I'd bo on tho
safo side and havo a doctor along In
case I needed one, .
How Experts Form Opinions
Distinguishing Marks May Be Forged,
but the Man Who Knows Can
not Be Deceived.
A dealer In antiques was talking
about art exports. "Take, for in
stance," ho said, "an expert in old
pewter. You think, perhaps, ho dis
tinguishes old pewter by tho marks
tho Tudor roses, tho makor's name,
and so forth? Bless your heart, thoso
darks aro continually forged. No, ho
istlngui8heB old pewter by the feel.
"It Is like the china expert. He,
with his eyes closed, will distinguish
bard and soft paste cblna. It's the
feel again his fingers trained by
years and years ot study till each
one haB a brain in it.
"Oriental rug experts havo a very
subtle sense ot rug differences. Some
times hoy distinguish a rug by its
smell tho smell ot tho wool and the
dyes. This seems incredible til) you
think ot the Harris tweed, that im
ported cloth that you yourself can
distinguish by its smell the aell.
which never leaves It, ot tho peal
smoko of the cottage wherein it was
woven on a hand loom.
"Wool sorters, a bs highly paid
clasB of experts, can take up a tand-
tul or wool, nnd by Us color tell Nu
whether It came from Texas, from
territories, from England or from,
Canada. The soil, you see, gives It
own color to tho wool."
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