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Hew Neura
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Lesson in a Shuttle Road
John W. Garrett Cited Charleston Ex-
ample As Instance of the South's
Former Haphazard Manner of
Developing Railways.
( to tho latter part of March of tho
NMr 1S83 I spent n week or ten days
fat Charleston, South Carolina. On tho
Wooond day after wy arrival there wat
boated at my hotol dining room tablo
!& stianger, a now arrival, of about mid
Jdla holght and of powerful build, with
mn unusual depth of chest. Tho per
;ect balanco and poise of his massive
poad upon his shoulders was especial'
(ty noticeable. Tho outllno of tho head
was round, rather than long. His faco
waa broad; his mouth revealed great
ktrmnoss, although there was In his
awnllo a suggestion of gentleness and
jMadUncos. Ills eyes, which woro dark
jMac, were sot far apart, and tho
breadth of his forehoad Indicated
jgroskt Intellectual power. Ills hair
yma not plentiful, although ho was noi
ftald, and In his early manhood he
Wist have been of sandy comploxlon
t "Havo you como from tho north?'
3 asked; and whon I replied that 1
pad, ho asked mo If I camo by thi
oast lino.
I saw that ho was familiar wltl i
tatlroad matters, and dlsposod to tall '
MC them, so I venturod to ask him how
U happonod that a city tho slzo or
jCharloston, and a seaport at that, had
ao cental railway station. Tho main
station was then some two miles out
pUa tho city, and passcngors wero
oBToycd back and forth by means of
m shuttlo train.
t "Well, that shuttle train furnishes
explanation of why tho Confed-
did not succoed, was tho re
Thon, noting, apparently that I
wondering how a shuttlo railroad
miles long could have had any-
to do with the failure of tho
'adoracy, ho continued, and his
r was that of a modest, kindly
tnnmri:
"Do you know of any Important city
tho north, especially any soaport,
would have been content even In
railroad days with railroad com-
cation that required the uso of a
ittlo train? This llttlo shuttlo lino
tpBTBonlfles tho haphazard manner in
hrtilch industry and railway develop
ment In tho south In tho dayB bofore
jtfco -war were universally carried on, a
Kdrcomstance that In easily explained
K
iy tho fact that the south was then
almost exclusively an agricultural
region. So it camo about, when the
Small Boy and
,Y
Henry C. Robinson's Proud Memory
of tho Time When Charles -Dick-1
' ens Spoke to Him In Hart
1 ford, Conn.
Tho lato Henry C. Robinson of Hart
ford, Conn., ono of tho leadors of tho
:Ncw England bar, Republican candl
idato for governor of Connecticut In
)J87u, and prbmlnontly Identified for
yearn with tho Now York, Now Haven
knd Hartford railroad as counsel nnd
wroctor, was accustomed to say In tho
Utter part of his llfo that, tho two In-
culnnta of his career of which ho was
especially proud wero theso ho had
Iwsn a member of tho famous clnus
'of 1853 at Yalo, of which Androw D.
fWhito, afterwards proBldont of Cor
3oIl university and minister to Gor
iany, was valedictorian, and ho was
ono of tho very few boys In tho United
Sfcitca to whom Charles Dickons spoko
km hlB first visit to America.
' "I am suro that nt no othor tlmo
during that visit did Dlcktmn speak to
any American boy as ho spoko to mo,"
Ht. Robinson told mo. "What ho said
rwaa not much, hut it was Charts Dick.
aa who Raid It, and ho said It to mo,
nnd that was enough,
"I was botwocn eleven and twolvo
yparn of ago when Dickons camo to
(Hartford III 1842. Ho hnd been spend
ing a day or two in Sprlngduld, Mass.,
land ho Insisted upon making tho trip
ifrom Springfield to Hartford by tho
little stoaraboat which at that tlmo
piled between tho two cities upon tho
'Connecticut river. Ho told his friends
that ho wanted to see tho Connecticut,
for It was ono of tho American rlvors
of which ho had heard much.
"We knew In Hartford (ho hour at
which Dickens would arrlvo, and thoro
waa a' great throng at tho steamboat
landing waiting to see him. I wub not
able to bo thero, for I wns at school
rwhen ho arrived. But I heard that ho
was Btaylng at tho City hotel, which at
ttint tlmo rna tlm Inmllni? linfttnlrv In
'tho city, and was located only throe or I
A Maine Tavern.
' Tho historic Colonial homo of Ed
.ward R. Pierce, which was buruod In
.Belfast March 7, waa built In about
1805 by Colonol ThomaB Cunnjgham,
who camo to Belfast In 1803 from
Potorsboro, N. H. Tho houso waB
known aa tho Sun Tavern. During tho
iwar of 1812 It wns In Its holght of pop
ularity. Many distinguished guestn
wero entertained, aud eminent judges
and offlcors of tho Btipromo court of
Massachusetts wht-n traveling tho
eastern circuit wero accustomed to
leavo their carriage hero and Jour
ney to Castlno by water. It Is said
that British offlcerB woro entertained
there. It was nlso a popular place
for social nffalrs, nnd many dances
and assemblies wero hold thoro In by
gono days. Tho houso waB painted u
bright yjllow, in keoplng with lta
name, Sun Tavern, and at ono time
when the landlord bocamo unpopular
his houso waa called "Pumpkin Tavern."-
Lowlston Journal.
A circuit court Judge In Missouri
solemnly ruled that an automobile is
not an asset, hut a liability.
I
If
KaTera
war broko out, that tho Confederacy
found ltsolf with nothing moro than
makeshift means of communication at
Its command. Thero was not ono rail
road in tho cntlro south that was
worthy of tho namo whon compared
wllU the railroads of the north, and
Judgod by tho standards of today tho
northern roads of war times wero
poor, as a wholo. Yet if thoro had
been n railroad of northern standard
running betweon Richmond and
Lynchburg, for cxamplo, Loo could
have transported his wholo army by
It from Richmond, after evacuation, to
Lynchburg, and It would have taken a
long tlmo to dlslodgo hira, once ho
was in Lynchburg. Ho could have
mado n union there with .loo John
ston's army, then In North Carolina;
ho could have given Grant a great deal
of trouble But ho had no good rail
way servlco at his disposal, and ho
fell at Appomattox. So it was elso
whore In tho south tho southern com
mandors woro greatly handicapped by
lack of proper railroad facilities; they
had to contend with such things as
(Ms shuttlo railroad In Charleston
and so, I cay, this shuttlo service fur
nishes ono explanation of tho fall of
ho Confederacy."
It was clear to mo that my tablo
mato was a railway man of experi
Hill's High Idea of Ethics
Why He Would Not Present Case
Against the Income Tax Clause
of the Wilson Dill to Su
preme Court.
Now that David Bennett Hill, throe
times governor of and ono term
United States aonator from Now
York, hoe passod away, it is possiblo
to narrato sevoral Incidents connected
with his career that havo both his
toric importanco and dramatic inter
cut. Thoy havo remainod unchron
Icled hitherto bocauso of Govuruor
Hlll'a policy of complete silence in
all things political relating to himself,
a policy that ono of tho staunchost
frtonda ho ever had Judge Alton B
Parker declared rccontly caused
much unnecessary criticism to bo
heaped upon Its author.
In 1894 tho houso of rcpresontatlvos
passed tho tariff bill now historically
known ns tho Wilson bill, it con
tained a clause providing for tho lovy
ing of an lncomo tax without doing
Noted Author
four minutes' walk from tho old state
house. So, as soon as I wnn out of
school, I wont to tho hotol, determined
to stand on the sidewalk In front of It
until I hnd caught a gllmpso of Charles
Dickons.
"I think I must havo stood them
about an hour It may havo beer, -n llt
tlo longer whon, lookins up nt nrrn of
tho windows opening upon lliu room
at tho side of tho main entranco of the
hotel, I saw Charles Dickens standing
thoro. I knew hltn Instantly from tho
photographs I had seen of him. I wan
attracted by hla peculiar wnlatcoat of
very vivid color, from tho pockets of
which dangloil a prodigious watch
chain. Ho alternately tossod JJio chain
In his hands and twlBted It around his
fingers. I also noticed his eyes, be
causo they woro very blue. After a
while ho put his hands Into his pock
ets, and stood looking across tho
street, not noticing mo nt first. Ho
looked nt mo steadily for I do not
know how many mlnutos. I stared at
him steadily In return. I romombor
that I thought: 'This Is tho man who
told mo about Sam Wollor,' who was
one of the grM fnvorltos of my boy
hood days.
"I wonder what Dickens thought of
mo! Ho certainly looked mo lltiough
and through. Wo must have been, In
fact, a spectacle, the lad nnd tho fam
ous author staring at each othor.
"At last Dickons spoko, nnd tho
words havo beon treasured In my
momory over slnco. This la what ho
said, and I hoard him distinctly, al
though ho spoko through tho window:
'Go away, llttlo boy, go away' Then
ho waved his hand gently, smiled upon
me, and with that benediction I de
parted, "I did not seo him again until 1807,
when ho mado his second vl3lt to
Amorlca. He hnd changod groatly In
physical appearance, oxceptlng that
his eyes retained that brilliant blue
tint, tho bluest eyes I ovor saw."
(Copyright, 1910. by 15, J. IMwarilu. All
UlKhta Reserved,)
Dandyism 6f
Macardnl Club During a Trip Abroad
In 1772 Adopted Qaudy Dress
and Manners.
Dandyism dovolopod a now phaso
of qulot richness during early Geor
gian times and tho court oxqulBltos
woro stately figures In Hnoly-laccd
shirts, long-Bklrted coats and gold
clocked stockings. Tho hata worn
by tho beaux woro modified reproduc
tions of thoso In fashion at Versailles
and tho art of wearing them wus
shown In tho tilt; In fact, different
angles In tho tilt Idontliled tho wear
er's status aud locality.
In 1772 dandyism became again
paramount. A band of young bloods
returned from an oxtonded tour
abroad, nud whllo In Italy thoy had
contrived to get soveral now Ideas
about drcus Into their somowhat
empty hands.
Fired with an overgrowing son3o
of tbolr own Importance as arbiters
of fashion, thoy formed themselves
tf mB irOj
ay
jfer T Jffiftmartig J
ence, and, my curiosity being aroused,
I mado inquiries at tho hotel office
concerning him.
"Oh," said tho clerk, "that is John
W. Garrett, president of tho Baltimore
and Ohio railroad."
Whon next I was seated with my
tablo companion I said:
"Mr. Garrett, until this afternoon I
did not dream that I had been talking
with tho creator and builuur-up of ths
great Ualtlinoro and Ohio railroad sys
tem. If I had known It, I might havo
boon a llttlo embarrassed."
"Well," replied Mr, Garrett smiling
kindly, "it has always been my belief
that when strangers who are upon
their travols meet, It is a great deal
better that they should not know any
thing about ono another, provided
thoy are satisfied that they have some
points of common Interest. For in
that way thoy can moot upon common
ground."
Perhaps It should bo added that tho
railroad which Mr Garrett headod for
a quartor of a century from 1858 until
his doath In 1884, was of tho greatest
servlco to tho United States govern
ment during tho Civil war In tho
transportation of troops and materials.
And during tho cntlro period of Mr.
Gnrrott's presidency ho was without
a superior in tho world of railway
transportation.
(Copyright, 1010. by 15. J. Edwards,
nights Ucnervcd.)
AU
that In accordance with tho census;
that Is to say, In proportion to tho
population of each Btato. Senator
Mill not only regarded this clause of
the lncomo tax as unconstitutional,
becauso tho constitution provides that
an Income tnx must bo levied accord
ing to tho census, but, In addition, ho
folt that were a tax of that kind lev
lod and collected, tho tendency would
bo seriously to threaten tho equality
of tho state5 In their representation in
tholr federal senate. Senator Hill
thercforo prepared a speech which
has now gono upon record ns ono of
tho ablest of all tho speeches deliv
ered in tho eennto slnco tho time of
tho Civil war. In this matter ho stood
almost alono among his Democratic
associates, nnd tho senate passed tho
Wilson bill, much amended, hut with
tho original lncomo tax clauso un
changed. This was tho tariff bill
which President Clovcland refused to
sign, characterizing It as a bill of
porfldy and dishonor.
After tho bill had hocomo law, it
was dotcrmlnod to mako a speedy tost
of the constitutionality of the lncomo
tax clnuso, and when those who had
united to forward this Important Ju
dicial proceeding consulted as to
who, among tho lawyers of tho United
States, could mako tho ablest argu
mont before tho Supremo court, all
woro of tho opinion that Senator Hill
wns tho man. Tho senator was there
foro approached and asked, practic
ally In theso words, whether ho would
accept a rotnlnor to arguo tho caso:
"Senator, wo havo unanimously
agrocd that you, bettor than nny other
lawyer of whom wo havo knowledge,
would mako a convincing argument
beforo tho Supremo court. Wo havo
thoroforo decided to ask you to ac
cept a retnlncr simply to mako that
argumont, and wo aro prepared to of
for you u retainer of $5,000."
For somo moments the senator was
silent Ho seemed to bo considering
tho proposition from all sides. At
last ho said:
"I should greatly llko to mako tno
argument boforo tho Supremo court.
I would bo willing to mako It with
out a retainer; I regard tho subject
as of vital consequence. But It does
not Boom to mo bb though It would
square with my view of tho ethics of
senatorial service If 1 wero to accept
your retainer. I made my appeal aa
a senator to my colleagues In tho
sonato, I Rpoko with earnestness and
In all sincerity. A majority of tho
sennte. however, disagreed with me.
Now, If I, having been defeated In tho
senate, wero to matoo an argument
before tho Supreme court upon this
Issue, It would seem aB though, having
been defeated In tho senate, 1 at onco
resorted to tho Supremo court. No, I
do not think that l would bo justltlcd
In accoptlng this rotnlnor, although 1
say again that I should greatly llko
to mako tho argument."
After this refusal tho party sought
othor counsel, who argund tho caso
boforo tho Supremo court, and won It.
And whon tho opinion va3 read It was
discovered that It practically adopted
tho lino of argumont mado by Hill In
tho federal senate.
(Copyright. 1110. by K. J Kilwnrdi.
nights Reserved,)
All
Georgian Days
-
Into a group known ns tho Macaroni
club, iu contradistinction to tho good
old-fashioned Beefsteak club of Lon
don.
Tho Macaroni drossod their hair In
enormous side curls, with a hideous
knockorllko twist at tho back. With
this oxnggoratod colffuro a tiny hat
was worn, which It was correct for
tho wearer to rnlso with his tashcled
cano,
A soft whlto handliorchlof was tied
In a hugo bow undor tho Macaroni's
chin; his coat wns Bhort and his
tight kneo brooches woro mado of
striped or iioworeu silk. Thus
garbed, with Innumerable dangling
seals, two watchoo at least, silk
etocklugu and diamond buckled
shoca, tho daudy walked abroad, emi
nently satisfied with himself nnd
quite convinced that his appearancu
was groatly envied. "Boau Bruin
mol nnd Hla Times."
Whon anger comes wisdom takes
vacation.
"WfYftfFT (1 IJV EDITH B. LOWRY
X J I y I t t Bachelor of Science, Graduate Nur,
Physician and Surgeon,
Tv IT TT" OTPi. T rormlr Superintendent of Jelferjonl'ark
ll I lrCSIlJT " South Chicago IlotpitMa and Tralnln
X IINKJJIJ. 1VJ ScuooliforNurtet.Autioror"Confidenci
U A Dook for Young Glrli."
Dlcorders of Children.
Diarrhoea Is a disorder very com
mon among children durln tho au
tumn months, it Is attended by a
high death rate, especially with chil
dren under two years of age.
Tho causo Is usually lmpropor feed
ing. Tho common practise among
certain classes of pcoplo of feeding
young babies various articles of food
Is very unwise. Up to tho age of
nlno months a baby needs nothing but
milk nnd Is able to digest very little
else. Yot how ofton we seo pcoplo
feeding bnblcs coffee, potatocn, meat
and even things thnt are hard for a
grown person to dlgost! Babies fed
entirely upon milk often becotno sick
because proper attention hns not been
given to tho caro of tho milk and bot
tles. Cleanliness Is certainly a neces
sity hore. With older children tlm
diarrhoea in often caused by eating
unripe or over-rlpo fruit or vegetables.
The symptoms are nn Increased
number of bowel movements, attend
ed by griping pains in tho abdomen.
They sometimes aro accompanied by
vomiting, headacho and fever.
Tho trcatmont Is first to stop all
food, and clean out the lnterttlnal
tract. This can bo done by giving an
enema or Injection of warm water or
by giving a dose of castor oil. Some
pcoplo aro unablo to understand why
this should bo dono when there al
ready havo been numerous bowel
movements. Tho diarrhoea Is caused
by somo food that Is remnlnlng In the
lntestlno and Betting up nn Irritation.
Tho Irritnting material must ho re
moved beforo wo can ovcrcomo the
diarrhoea and wo do this by means
of an enema or dose of laxative. Tho
child then should bo kept quiet and
warm. Heat applied to the feet nnd
abdomen ofton will relievo tho pain.
A little peppermint water may be
given to aid in expelling the gases,
but nothing elso should bo given ex
cept on tho advice of a physician.
Paregoric and various pain rellovers
should not be given as thoy may bo
very Injurious. Many deaths aro at
tributed to various soothing syrups
which contain harmful drugs. After
the ailnck Is over care should bv taken
with tho diet. At first glvo only a llt
tlo rlco water or barley water.
In young babies, colic and diarrhoea
often nro caused by giving BUgA' In
various forms. A tiny baby gets thirsty
tho same as an older person. Milk
doos not quench this thirst, so It
nhould bo give! llttlo warm water
Boveral times a day. Many mothers
aro not content to lot well enough
alone and put it little sugar In the wa
ter. This forma gas and causes colic
and dlarrhocn. In giving peppermint
wator to young babies It Is not necos
ary to add sugar. Of courso the pep
permint water should bo very weak.
int for
g&
fviHESK thrco lllustrr tlons aro Inter
2 Oetlng and uacful to mothers, In
cluding ns thoy do a coat and skirt
costume, a school dross and a long
useful coat.
Tho coat and skirt costume is car
ried out In this model, In palo gray
tweed, and Is madu In a stmplo but
pretty stylo with gored skirt and a
double-bioasted coat, fastened with
tweed-covered buttons.
The school dress la made of navy
bluo sorgo with plaited bodice and
skirt cut all together and contlnod at
the waist by a black belt. Tho waist
FANCY TOUCHES IN CATERING
Qaaket of Caks to Hold Ices In
Flower Shapes Suggestion for
Birthday Candles.
A baskot containing Ices frozen In
fancy shapes was of cake baked In a
fluted tin and scooped out In tho cen
ter Over tho top thero was a handle
mado of macaroni. A long ploco of
macaroni had beon softened In hot wa
tor nnd thou np.'cad out on a board,
bont Into tho required shapo, brushed
w 1th whlto of egg, sprinkled with gran
ulated Biigav and loft to harden. When
tho basket waa toady tho ends of tho
hoop woro Insortod In tho top of tho
Italic. In putting tho macaroni Into a
l.owl of hot water the long piece must
,"oo gradually bent Into tho dish
so nn not to break it. The ices woro
of flowor shapes. Aftor thoy woro
thorved tho cako was broken Into pieces
unil passed.
It a Dlrthday occurs during the first
of tho month whon tho date is ox
j,roRH"d by small figures, tho number
of candles may Indicate the date in-
n..i. w.-j iivitfi mwjl jm,jA ws UFjuf-jf
J atead of tho ace this when the ase
In the proportion of ono or two dropi
of tho cssoncfl to a cup of warm wa
ter. Tho baby will tako only nbout a
tenspoonful of this mixture In drop
doses. Tho majority of deaths from
summer diarrhoea might havo been
prevented by a llttlo care with th
diet.
Poisoning From Food.
During recent years un increased
number of cases of serious Illness
havo beon traced to Infected or con
laminated food. It may bo thoro were
as many cases In past years, but
their causo was not recognized. At
any rate, tho Increased consumption
of canned nioats and vegetables In
creases tho possibility of such condi
tions. Lack of rigid laws for tho In
spection of foods has permitted un
scrupulous dealers to put ton the mar
kot foodB not lit for consumption, but
which, on account of their cheapness
or nttractlvo appearance, havo been
bought in large quantities by tho poor
or classes. This deslro to buy things
cheaply also causes people to purchaso
partly decayed fruits and vegetables.
In tho warm weather too much
caro cannot bo exercised In tho care
of food material, especially moat and
milk. Many cases of poisoning are
traced to warmed-over meats which
had been kept too long, or to cnreloes
ly kept chicken salad, or contaminated
fish.
Tho symptoms of poisoning are
nausea and vomiting, with sharp,
griping Intestlnnl pains. Headache,
chllllnoss and dizziness often aro
present. Thero nlso may bo consider
able fever.
Tho treatment Is, first to clean out
tho Intestinal tract with a good laxa
tive as castor oil or a one-tenth grain
of calomel, taken every half hour for
ten doses, followed an hour later with
a dose of epsqm salts. This must bo
done oven though tho bowels havo
moved several times, for It Is neces
sary that all tho Irritating material bo
gotten rid of. Tho patient should bo
kept warm, heat being applied to the
feet and abdomen. Hot drinks, as
ginger tea, tond to reduce the pain
and also in-ovldo the necessary stimu
lation. Nover give "pain relievers"
except on tho advice of a physician,
as these aro usually very depressing
to tho heart and mny bo tho "last
straw" moro than tho already de
pressed hoart can aland. Do not delay
too long In sending for n physician,
ns thero is danger of collnpso and it
mny be necessary to give powerful
stimulants to tide over tho crisis.
(Copyright, by "W. G. Chapman.)
Stripes to Be Popular.
It Is predicted that stripes will b
worn, a good deal this spring.
Mothers
has a box plait In front which Is orna
mented with two rows of small gilt
buttons. Tho nock and sleeves aro
finished with whlto turn-over collar
and cuffs, tJ-lmmed with feather stitch
ing and lace.
Tho coat Is of brown cheviot serge
made with stltchod plaits on either
Bldo, both front nnd hack, and has a
stitched bolt which crosses In front
and fastens with one button. Similar
buttons ornament tho coat. Tho turn
over collar and cuffs aro of plain
brown cloth. All three will be found
highly servlcablo costumes.
1b too groat for expression In candles
Or tho figures of tho date mny be writ
ton in tho confer of tho cako In drops
of colored Icing or in confections and
tho candles may bo arranged around
tho edge.
It doesn't take much Ingenuity to
mark Iced cakos with card suits, tho
hearts and diamonds with pink Icing
on whlto nnd spades and clubs with
chocolate The woman who accustoms
horsolf to use a pastry bag will find
no end of such uses for it. A very
small tube Is wanted for tho cake
marking. Now York Kvenlng Sun.
Embroideries for Spring Gowns.
There Is a great doal of openwork
omhroldory used on tho now thin
frocks, and one soes tho old fnvorltes,
IrlBh, cluny nnd valcnclenncs, woll
represented ; but thoro la a notlccablo
mingling of fine and heavy laco and
embroidery, beautiful motifs of Vene
tian worked In among vnlcnclenne
nnd embroldorcd net or linen, etc.
In hats there Is a marked tendenty
to height la crowua aud broftdor
brims.
Mir
t -ND
niCUANIff
SAVES MANY MASHED THUMBS
Holder Attached to Hammer Protects
Fingers of Amateur Carpenter
In Starting Nail.
The numbor of people who cannot
tfrlyo a nail straight is largo and In by
.nomeana confined to tho fair sax. The
amateur carpenter usually has a soro
.thumb to nurse, but that was boforo a
Now York genius Invented tho nail
holder horo described. Tho hammer
ibself is made dlEeroutly. Thoro arc
abutments located at dlfforont dis
tances from tho faco along tho head.
Tho holder proper consists of a resil
ient metal band carved to fit around
tho head of tho hammer nnd holds the
nail in placo under whichever abut
ment is tho proper height for that
longth nail. Long nnlls, of courBo, aro
placed undor tho highest projection,
and short ones undor tho lowest. With
tho nail thus held In placo It can bo
Nail Holder.
drlvon Into tho wood with ono lusty
blow so that it sticks thero. The
metal hand can then be takon off and
the nail driven tho rest of tho way In
as ordinarily. Thero Is no necessity
of holding it in tho fingers till it gets
started.
PRESSURE OF LIGHT ON GAS
Delicate and Ingenious "Experiment!
Made by Prof. Peter Lebedew
of Moscow, Russia.
Prof. Peter Lebedew ofMoscow, It
will bo remembered, waB the first man
to prove experimentally thnt light ex
erted an actual pressure upon solids.
Recently tho scientist has published
tho results of a long series of similar
experiments upon gases, and ho has
announced that there Is no longer any
doubt that light does bring pressure to
bear upon all gases. Tho ro3ult3 in
tho professor's own statement nro as
follows: (1)) Tho existence of a pres
sure of light on gasca la experiment
ally proved. (2) This pressure Ib di
rectly proportional to tho incident en
ergy and tho absorbing power of tho
gas.
Prof. Lobedow's theory was that
when a ray of light passed through a
body of gas tho molecules were swopt
in tho course of tho ray llko sand be
foro a storm. In tho tests a chambor
of gas inclosed botween fluor-spar
windows, which admit tho ultra-violet
a8 well as the visible rays, waa used.
Coal gas, marsh gas, butane, acety
lene, propane, ethylene, and carbon
dioxldo woro tested under light from
a Nornst lamp. A carefully balanced
piston wa3 placed at tho end of the
chamber opposite that at which tho
light entered and the pressure regis
tered by means of a quarts fiber.
Thoso Uollcato and Ingenious ex
periments havo won for Lebedow a
high placo in tho ranks of physicists,
and, whllo tho brief account of the ap.
paratus sounds slmplo enough, one
may gain somo notion of tho difficul
ties encountered from tho fact that
twenty different types of devices woro
constructed and discarded before any
thing llko satisfactory results wero ob
tained. At first coal gas was tho only one
that responded satisfactorily to the
tooto, and wor a tlmo this puzzled tho
experimenter, until It occurred to him
that heat was playing somo part In his
work and that tho presenco of hydro
gen In tho coal gas served to distri
bute tho heat generated equally so
that tho effect of light alono could bo
measured independently. Thereupon
ho diluted tho other gases with which
ho was working with hydrogen, and
found that everything went smoothly
enough with the rendy conductor of
heat In tho chamber.
Automobiles Spread Tetanus.
It Is suggested by the British Medi
cal Journal, that the extraordinary In
creaso of tetanus In that country Is
duo to tho automobllo, although tho
first thought la that tho development
of tho horseless vehlclo would havo
had Just tho opposite effect. But It
Is bolloved now that tho distribution
of tho germs has been groatly in
creased by tho dust-raising powers of
the automobile.
In 1901 tho numbor of deaths In
England nnd Wales from totonua was
67. In 1902 nn extraordinary Increaso
occurred, tho doaths being 201. In
1903 tho deaths woro 257, and tho rato
remained abovo tho 200 figure until
1908, when it reached to 180.
Mlno Rescue Apparatus.
Tho rescuo apparatus evolved from
oxporimont8 In Drltlsh mines, Is claim
ed to mako It practicable and easy for
its wearer to work flro or six hours
In tho most noxious gases. No holmot
la used, but a headpleco holds tho
mouthplcco In placo, a light clamp
closc3 tho nostrils, nnd the eyes aro
protected by goggles. A bag suspend
ed from tho shoulders In front carries
tho air supply. A pipe leads tho air
exhaled to n recoptaclo filled with
chemicals to absorb tho carbonic acid
and replenish tho oxygen, nnd from
this tho restored air passes again to
tho breathing bag. Tho weight Is
twenty-eight pounds
Urn
STARTING A QLQGGED DRAIN1
Two Excellent Methods Illustrated for
Cleaning Basin and 8ave
Plumber's Dills.
An easy method of starting a flowt
of water in a wash basin whon tho
drain Ib clogged Is as follows: With!
stopper removed, fill tho basin half
full of wntor, writes D. F. Albert, inj
the Scientific American. Tako a Bwabt
and work it up and down rapidly la
the water. This seta up a pumping ao'
!A-
.
Methods of Starting Clogged Drain,
tlon thnt agitates tho water in the
pipe violently. Nino times out of ten
It will bring the sediment right up
from the trap, and start a flow of wa
ter. If flushing is desired, tako a cork
that will lit tho drain In basin, cut
a holo through It, and attach a plcao
of rubber tubing to It, as shown In tho
drawing. Draw tho other end of tho
tubo over tho faucet, placo tho cork la
the basin drain, and turn on tho city
pressure. It may bo necessary to
hold a cloth ovor the dralnago holes in
upper part of basin. This wrlnklo will
savo dollars in plumbers' bills, as I
believe It is an efficient as a plumber's
pump.
REMOVAL OF WIRE STITCHES
Punch Invented by Colorado Man Gets
Good Grip on Staple and It Is
Easily Pulled Out.
For tho removal of wire stitches
from magazines or other publications
the punch designed by a Colorado man
will be found a most convenient arti
cle. Tho lower Jaw of this punch is
provided with a recess with inwardly
turned projections on tho opposite
sides and tho upper Jaw having a
spike Jutting out at right angles and
arranged on a stud which fits into tha
recess in tho lower section, the re
cessed Jaw extending considerably be-
Wlrestltch Remover.
yond tho punch point to glvo tho tool
a firm hold on tho welt. To remove a
wiro staple tho turned-over ends aro
first pried open and by Inserting tho
point under tho top of tho wlro stitch
tho latter can bo easily yanked out.
Paper makers have to removo theso
stitches from periodicals beforo grind
ing the latter in their pulp macbinos
and heretofore this work has beon
dono with a crude Implement resem
bling an oyster knife. Often n stitch
has been put In wrong, too, and has to
bo removed.
INDUSTRIAL
MECHANICAL
NOTES
Most of tho typo used by printers in
China Is made in Japan.
Tho cultivation of cotton In Slam la
being encouraged by tho government.
Zinc shingle nails, cut from tho
solid metal, arc practically Indestruct
ible. England Imported moro than 1.770,
000 rabbit skins from Australia last
year.
Hydrogen ga3, burned In liquid air,
will produce steam In tho form of
snow.
Asbestos tlrst was used by tho an
cient Romans, who mado cremation
robes from It,
Experiments with tho sugar beot
are under way on 2C0 farms In tho
United Kingdom.
A tool for removing tho wire
stltrhos from magazines ha3 been pat
ented by a Colorado man.
A shovol with sieve littached eo that
ashes can bo sifted beforo thoy aro re
moved from a heater has been invent
ed by a Michigan man.
Canvas that is to be painted can bo
waterproofed at tho samo tlmo by add
ing an ounce of yellow soap nnd half
a pint of hot water to each seven
pounds of paint.
Scalca are included in tho handle ot
a grocer's scoop that a Philadolphlan
has patontod, bo that the contents can
bo weighed when takon from a box
barrel, or bin.
A metal holder for paint brushes,
by which thoy may bo attached at any
anglo to tho onds of poles to savo
painters using ladders, has boon pat
ented by an Illlnolsnn.
A French company exposes sawdust
in rotary drums to tho action of sul
phurous acid gas, producing an alcohol
that has a much greater rango of usoa
than ordinary wood alcohol.
Although wood veneers aro made
In moro than thirty states, Illinois,
Michigan, Florida and Indiana rnanii'
fncturo noarly ono-thlrd of tho entire
production of tho United States.
In Denmark thero has beon d'lsrnv.
ored a deposit ot clay from which may
no niuuu diiukh mm aro light In wolgb
yot so tnngh that nails may bo ilrlvnn
! Mtfa
I into tne. witnotrt them cracking.
1 . aW .. ' --.
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