Dakota County herald. (Dakota City, Neb.) 1891-1965, April 21, 1911, Image 8
.,V WJgWttfPJ"r.fcfc ' jr , -t-' Ub '511 I i r V r I Hew Neura ot Lesson in a Shuttle Road John W. Garrett Cited Charleston Ex- ample As Instance of the South's Former Haphazard Manner of Developing Railways. ( to tho latter part of March of tho NMr 1S83 I spent n week or ten days fat Charleston, South Carolina. On tho Wooond day after wy arrival there wat boated at my hotol dining room tablo !& stianger, a now arrival, of about mid Jdla holght and of powerful build, with mn unusual depth of chest. Tho per ;ect balanco and poise of his massive poad upon his shoulders was especial' (ty noticeable. Tho outllno of tho head was round, rather than long. His faco waa broad; his mouth revealed great ktrmnoss, although there was In his awnllo a suggestion of gentleness and jMadUncos. Ills eyes, which woro dark jMac, were sot far apart, and tho breadth of his forehoad Indicated jgroskt Intellectual power. Ills hair yma not plentiful, although ho was noi ftald, and In his early manhood he Wist have been of sandy comploxlon t "Havo you como from tho north?' 3 asked; and whon I replied that 1 pad, ho asked mo If I camo by thi oast lino. I saw that ho was familiar wltl i tatlroad matters, and dlsposod to tall ' MC them, so I venturod to ask him how U happonod that a city tho slzo or jCharloston, and a seaport at that, had ao cental railway station. Tho main station was then some two miles out pUa tho city, and passcngors wero oBToycd back and forth by means of m shuttlo train. t "Well, that shuttle train furnishes explanation of why tho Confed- did not succoed, was tho re Thon, noting, apparently that I wondering how a shuttlo railroad miles long could have had any- to do with the failure of tho 'adoracy, ho continued, and his r was that of a modest, kindly tnnmri: "Do you know of any Important city tho north, especially any soaport, would have been content even In railroad days with railroad com- cation that required the uso of a ittlo train? This llttlo shuttlo lino tpBTBonlfles tho haphazard manner in hrtilch industry and railway develop ment In tho south In tho dayB bofore jtfco -war were universally carried on, a Kdrcomstance that In easily explained K iy tho fact that the south was then almost exclusively an agricultural region. So it camo about, when the Small Boy and ,Y Henry C. Robinson's Proud Memory of tho Time When Charles -Dick-1 ' ens Spoke to Him In Hart 1 ford, Conn. Tho lato Henry C. Robinson of Hart ford, Conn., ono of tho leadors of tho :Ncw England bar, Republican candl idato for governor of Connecticut In )J87u, and prbmlnontly Identified for yearn with tho Now York, Now Haven knd Hartford railroad as counsel nnd wroctor, was accustomed to say In tho Utter part of his llfo that, tho two In- culnnta of his career of which ho was especially proud wero theso ho had Iwsn a member of tho famous clnus 'of 1853 at Yalo, of which Androw D. fWhito, afterwards proBldont of Cor 3oIl university and minister to Gor iany, was valedictorian, and ho was ono of tho very few boys In tho United Sfcitca to whom Charles Dickons spoko km hlB first visit to America. ' "I am suro that nt no othor tlmo during that visit did Dlcktmn speak to any American boy as ho spoko to mo," Ht. Robinson told mo. "What ho said rwaa not much, hut it was Charts Dick. aa who Raid It, and ho said It to mo, nnd that was enough, "I was botwocn eleven and twolvo yparn of ago when Dickons camo to (Hartford III 1842. Ho hnd been spend ing a day or two in Sprlngduld, Mass., land ho Insisted upon making tho trip ifrom Springfield to Hartford by tho little stoaraboat which at that tlmo piled between tho two cities upon tho 'Connecticut river. Ho told his friends that ho wanted to see tho Connecticut, for It was ono of tho American rlvors of which ho had heard much. "We knew In Hartford (ho hour at which Dickens would arrlvo, and thoro waa a' great throng at tho steamboat landing waiting to see him. I wub not able to bo thero, for I wns at school rwhen ho arrived. But I heard that ho was Btaylng at tho City hotel, which at ttint tlmo rna tlm Inmllni? linfttnlrv In 'tho city, and was located only throe or I A Maine Tavern. ' Tho historic Colonial homo of Ed .ward R. Pierce, which was buruod In .Belfast March 7, waa built In about 1805 by Colonol ThomaB Cunnjgham, who camo to Belfast In 1803 from Potorsboro, N. H. Tho houso waB known aa tho Sun Tavern. During tho iwar of 1812 It wns In Its holght of pop ularity. Many distinguished guestn wero entertained, aud eminent judges and offlcors of tho Btipromo court of Massachusetts wht-n traveling tho eastern circuit wero accustomed to leavo their carriage hero and Jour ney to Castlno by water. It Is said that British offlcerB woro entertained there. It was nlso a popular place for social nffalrs, nnd many dances and assemblies wero hold thoro In by gono days. Tho houso waB painted u bright yjllow, in keoplng with lta name, Sun Tavern, and at ono time when the landlord bocamo unpopular his houso waa called "Pumpkin Tavern."- Lowlston Journal. A circuit court Judge In Missouri solemnly ruled that an automobile is not an asset, hut a liability. I If KaTera war broko out, that tho Confederacy found ltsolf with nothing moro than makeshift means of communication at Its command. Thero was not ono rail road in tho cntlro south that was worthy of tho namo whon compared wllU the railroads of the north, and Judgod by tho standards of today tho northern roads of war times wero poor, as a wholo. Yet if thoro had been n railroad of northern standard running betweon Richmond and Lynchburg, for cxamplo, Loo could have transported his wholo army by It from Richmond, after evacuation, to Lynchburg, and It would have taken a long tlmo to dlslodgo hira, once ho was in Lynchburg. Ho could have mado n union there with .loo John ston's army, then In North Carolina; ho could have given Grant a great deal of trouble But ho had no good rail way servlco at his disposal, and ho fell at Appomattox. So it was elso whore In tho south tho southern com mandors woro greatly handicapped by lack of proper railroad facilities; they had to contend with such things as (Ms shuttlo railroad In Charleston and so, I cay, this shuttlo service fur nishes ono explanation of tho fall of ho Confederacy." It was clear to mo that my tablo mato was a railway man of experi Hill's High Idea of Ethics Why He Would Not Present Case Against the Income Tax Clause of the Wilson Dill to Su preme Court. Now that David Bennett Hill, throe times governor of and ono term United States aonator from Now York, hoe passod away, it is possiblo to narrato sevoral Incidents connected with his career that havo both his toric importanco and dramatic inter cut. Thoy havo remainod unchron Icled hitherto bocauso of Govuruor Hlll'a policy of complete silence in all things political relating to himself, a policy that ono of tho staunchost frtonda ho ever had Judge Alton B Parker declared rccontly caused much unnecessary criticism to bo heaped upon Its author. In 1894 tho houso of rcpresontatlvos passed tho tariff bill now historically known ns tho Wilson bill, it con tained a clause providing for tho lovy ing of an lncomo tax without doing Noted Author four minutes' walk from tho old state house. So, as soon as I wnn out of school, I wont to tho hotol, determined to stand on the sidewalk In front of It until I hnd caught a gllmpso of Charles Dickons. "I think I must havo stood them about an hour It may havo beer, -n llt tlo longer whon, lookins up nt nrrn of tho windows opening upon lliu room at tho side of tho main entranco of the hotel, I saw Charles Dickens standing thoro. I knew hltn Instantly from tho photographs I had seen of him. I wan attracted by hla peculiar wnlatcoat of very vivid color, from tho pockets of which dangloil a prodigious watch chain. Ho alternately tossod JJio chain In his hands and twlBted It around his fingers. I also noticed his eyes, be causo they woro very blue. After a while ho put his hands Into his pock ets, and stood looking across tho street, not noticing mo nt first. Ho looked nt mo steadily for I do not know how many mlnutos. I stared at him steadily In return. I romombor that I thought: 'This Is tho man who told mo about Sam Wollor,' who was one of the grM fnvorltos of my boy hood days. "I wonder what Dickens thought of mo! Ho certainly looked mo lltiough and through. Wo must have been, In fact, a spectacle, the lad nnd tho fam ous author staring at each othor. "At last Dickons spoko, nnd tho words havo beon treasured In my momory over slnco. This la what ho said, and I hoard him distinctly, al though ho spoko through tho window: 'Go away, llttlo boy, go away' Then ho waved his hand gently, smiled upon me, and with that benediction I de parted, "I did not seo him again until 1807, when ho mado his second vl3lt to Amorlca. He hnd changod groatly In physical appearance, oxceptlng that his eyes retained that brilliant blue tint, tho bluest eyes I ovor saw." (Copyright, 1910. by 15, J. IMwarilu. All UlKhta Reserved,) Dandyism 6f Macardnl Club During a Trip Abroad In 1772 Adopted Qaudy Dress and Manners. Dandyism dovolopod a now phaso of qulot richness during early Geor gian times and tho court oxqulBltos woro stately figures In Hnoly-laccd shirts, long-Bklrted coats and gold clocked stockings. Tho hata worn by tho beaux woro modified reproduc tions of thoso In fashion at Versailles and tho art of wearing them wus shown In tho tilt; In fact, different angles In tho tilt Idontliled tho wear er's status aud locality. In 1772 dandyism became again paramount. A band of young bloods returned from an oxtonded tour abroad, nud whllo In Italy thoy had contrived to get soveral now Ideas about drcus Into their somowhat empty hands. Fired with an overgrowing son3o of tbolr own Importance as arbiters of fashion, thoy formed themselves tf mB irOj ay jfer T Jffiftmartig J ence, and, my curiosity being aroused, I mado inquiries at tho hotel office concerning him. "Oh," said tho clerk, "that is John W. Garrett, president of tho Baltimore and Ohio railroad." Whon next I was seated with my tablo companion I said: "Mr. Garrett, until this afternoon I did not dream that I had been talking with tho creator and builuur-up of ths great Ualtlinoro and Ohio railroad sys tem. If I had known It, I might havo boon a llttlo embarrassed." "Well," replied Mr, Garrett smiling kindly, "it has always been my belief that when strangers who are upon their travols meet, It is a great deal better that they should not know any thing about ono another, provided thoy are satisfied that they have some points of common Interest. For in that way thoy can moot upon common ground." Perhaps It should bo added that tho railroad which Mr Garrett headod for a quartor of a century from 1858 until his doath In 1884, was of tho greatest servlco to tho United States govern ment during tho Civil war In tho transportation of troops and materials. And during tho cntlro period of Mr. Gnrrott's presidency ho was without a superior in tho world of railway transportation. (Copyright, 1010. by 15. J. Edwards, nights Ucnervcd.) AU that In accordance with tho census; that Is to say, In proportion to tho population of each Btato. Senator Mill not only regarded this clause of the lncomo tax as unconstitutional, becauso tho constitution provides that an Income tnx must bo levied accord ing to tho census, but, In addition, ho folt that were a tax of that kind lev lod and collected, tho tendency would bo seriously to threaten tho equality of tho state5 In their representation in tholr federal senate. Senator Hill thercforo prepared a speech which has now gono upon record ns ono of tho ablest of all tho speeches deliv ered in tho eennto slnco tho time of tho Civil war. In this matter ho stood almost alono among his Democratic associates, nnd tho senate passed tho Wilson bill, much amended, hut with tho original lncomo tax clauso un changed. This was tho tariff bill which President Clovcland refused to sign, characterizing It as a bill of porfldy and dishonor. After tho bill had hocomo law, it was dotcrmlnod to mako a speedy tost of the constitutionality of the lncomo tax clnuso, and when those who had united to forward this Important Ju dicial proceeding consulted as to who, among tho lawyers of tho United States, could mako tho ablest argu mont before tho Supremo court, all woro of tho opinion that Senator Hill wns tho man. Tho senator was there foro approached and asked, practic ally In theso words, whether ho would accept a rotnlnor to arguo tho caso: "Senator, wo havo unanimously agrocd that you, bettor than nny other lawyer of whom wo havo knowledge, would mako a convincing argument beforo tho Supremo court. Wo havo thoroforo decided to ask you to ac cept a retnlncr simply to mako that argumont, and wo aro prepared to of for you u retainer of $5,000." For somo moments the senator was silent Ho seemed to bo considering tho proposition from all sides. At last ho said: "I should greatly llko to mako tno argument boforo tho Supremo court. I would bo willing to mako It with out a retainer; I regard tho subject as of vital consequence. But It does not Boom to mo bb though It would square with my view of tho ethics of senatorial service If 1 wero to accept your retainer. I made my appeal aa a senator to my colleagues In tho sonato, I Rpoko with earnestness and In all sincerity. A majority of tho sennte. however, disagreed with me. Now, If I, having been defeated In tho senate, wero to matoo an argument before tho Supreme court upon this Issue, It would seem aB though, having been defeated In tho senate, 1 at onco resorted to tho Supremo court. No, I do not think that l would bo justltlcd In accoptlng this rotnlnor, although 1 say again that I should greatly llko to mako tho argument." After this refusal tho party sought othor counsel, who argund tho caso boforo tho Supremo court, and won It. And whon tho opinion va3 read It was discovered that It practically adopted tho lino of argumont mado by Hill In tho federal senate. (Copyright. 1110. by K. J Kilwnrdi. nights Reserved,) All Georgian Days - Into a group known ns tho Macaroni club, iu contradistinction to tho good old-fashioned Beefsteak club of Lon don. Tho Macaroni drossod their hair In enormous side curls, with a hideous knockorllko twist at tho back. With this oxnggoratod colffuro a tiny hat was worn, which It was correct for tho wearer to rnlso with his tashcled cano, A soft whlto handliorchlof was tied In a hugo bow undor tho Macaroni's chin; his coat wns Bhort and his tight kneo brooches woro mado of striped or iioworeu silk. Thus garbed, with Innumerable dangling seals, two watchoo at least, silk etocklugu and diamond buckled shoca, tho daudy walked abroad, emi nently satisfied with himself nnd quite convinced that his appearancu was groatly envied. "Boau Bruin mol nnd Hla Times." Whon anger comes wisdom takes vacation. "WfYftfFT (1 IJV EDITH B. LOWRY X J I y I t t Bachelor of Science, Graduate Nur, Physician and Surgeon, Tv IT TT" OTPi. T rormlr Superintendent of Jelferjonl'ark ll I lrCSIlJT " South Chicago IlotpitMa and Tralnln X IINKJJIJ. 1VJ ScuooliforNurtet.Autioror"Confidenci U A Dook for Young Glrli." Dlcorders of Children. Diarrhoea Is a disorder very com mon among children durln tho au tumn months, it Is attended by a high death rate, especially with chil dren under two years of age. Tho causo Is usually lmpropor feed ing. Tho common practise among certain classes of pcoplo of feeding young babies various articles of food Is very unwise. Up to tho age of nlno months a baby needs nothing but milk nnd Is able to digest very little else. Yot how ofton we seo pcoplo feeding bnblcs coffee, potatocn, meat and even things thnt are hard for a grown person to dlgost! Babies fed entirely upon milk often becotno sick because proper attention hns not been given to tho caro of tho milk and bot tles. Cleanliness Is certainly a neces sity hore. With older children tlm diarrhoea in often caused by eating unripe or over-rlpo fruit or vegetables. The symptoms are nn Increased number of bowel movements, attend ed by griping pains in tho abdomen. They sometimes aro accompanied by vomiting, headacho and fever. Tho trcatmont Is first to stop all food, and clean out the lnterttlnal tract. This can bo done by giving an enema or Injection of warm water or by giving a dose of castor oil. Some pcoplo aro unablo to understand why this should bo dono when there al ready havo been numerous bowel movements. Tho diarrhoea Is caused by somo food that Is remnlnlng In the lntestlno and Betting up nn Irritation. Tho Irritnting material must ho re moved beforo wo can ovcrcomo the diarrhoea and wo do this by means of an enema or dose of laxative. Tho child then should bo kept quiet and warm. Heat applied to the feet nnd abdomen ofton will relievo tho pain. A little peppermint water may be given to aid in expelling the gases, but nothing elso should bo given ex cept on tho advice of a physician. Paregoric and various pain rellovers should not be given as thoy may bo very Injurious. Many deaths aro at tributed to various soothing syrups which contain harmful drugs. After the ailnck Is over care should bv taken with tho diet. At first glvo only a llt tlo rlco water or barley water. In young babies, colic and diarrhoea often nro caused by giving BUgA' In various forms. A tiny baby gets thirsty tho same as an older person. Milk doos not quench this thirst, so It nhould bo give! llttlo warm water Boveral times a day. Many mothers aro not content to lot well enough alone and put it little sugar In the wa ter. This forma gas and causes colic and dlarrhocn. In giving peppermint wator to young babies It Is not necos ary to add sugar. Of courso the pep permint water should bo very weak. int for g& fviHESK thrco lllustrr tlons aro Inter 2 Oetlng and uacful to mothers, In cluding ns thoy do a coat and skirt costume, a school dross and a long useful coat. Tho coat and skirt costume is car ried out In this model, In palo gray tweed, and Is madu In a stmplo but pretty stylo with gored skirt and a double-bioasted coat, fastened with tweed-covered buttons. The school dress la made of navy bluo sorgo with plaited bodice and skirt cut all together and contlnod at the waist by a black belt. Tho waist FANCY TOUCHES IN CATERING Qaaket of Caks to Hold Ices In Flower Shapes Suggestion for Birthday Candles. A baskot containing Ices frozen In fancy shapes was of cake baked In a fluted tin and scooped out In tho cen ter Over tho top thero was a handle mado of macaroni. A long ploco of macaroni had beon softened In hot wa tor nnd thou np.'cad out on a board, bont Into tho required shapo, brushed w 1th whlto of egg, sprinkled with gran ulated Biigav and loft to harden. When tho basket waa toady tho ends of tho hoop woro Insortod In tho top of tho Italic. In putting tho macaroni Into a l.owl of hot water the long piece must ,"oo gradually bent Into tho dish so nn not to break it. The ices woro of flowor shapes. Aftor thoy woro thorved tho cako was broken Into pieces unil passed. It a Dlrthday occurs during the first of tho month whon tho date is ox j,roRH"d by small figures, tho number of candles may Indicate the date in- n..i. w.-j iivitfi mwjl jm,jA ws UFjuf-jf J atead of tho ace this when the ase In the proportion of ono or two dropi of tho cssoncfl to a cup of warm wa ter. Tho baby will tako only nbout a tenspoonful of this mixture In drop doses. Tho majority of deaths from summer diarrhoea might havo been prevented by a llttlo care with th diet. Poisoning From Food. During recent years un increased number of cases of serious Illness havo beon traced to Infected or con laminated food. It may bo thoro were as many cases In past years, but their causo was not recognized. At any rate, tho Increased consumption of canned nioats and vegetables In creases tho possibility of such condi tions. Lack of rigid laws for tho In spection of foods has permitted un scrupulous dealers to put ton the mar kot foodB not lit for consumption, but which, on account of their cheapness or nttractlvo appearance, havo been bought in large quantities by tho poor or classes. This deslro to buy things cheaply also causes people to purchaso partly decayed fruits and vegetables. In tho warm weather too much caro cannot bo exercised In tho care of food material, especially moat and milk. Many cases of poisoning are traced to warmed-over meats which had been kept too long, or to cnreloes ly kept chicken salad, or contaminated fish. Tho symptoms of poisoning are nausea and vomiting, with sharp, griping Intestlnnl pains. Headache, chllllnoss and dizziness often aro present. Thero nlso may bo consider able fever. Tho treatment Is, first to clean out tho Intestinal tract with a good laxa tive as castor oil or a one-tenth grain of calomel, taken every half hour for ten doses, followed an hour later with a dose of epsqm salts. This must bo done oven though tho bowels havo moved several times, for It Is neces sary that all tho Irritating material bo gotten rid of. Tho patient should bo kept warm, heat being applied to the feet and abdomen. Hot drinks, as ginger tea, tond to reduce the pain and also in-ovldo the necessary stimu lation. Nover give "pain relievers" except on tho advice of a physician, as these aro usually very depressing to tho heart and mny bo tho "last straw" moro than tho already de pressed hoart can aland. Do not delay too long In sending for n physician, ns thero is danger of collnpso and it mny be necessary to give powerful stimulants to tide over tho crisis. (Copyright, by "W. G. Chapman.) Stripes to Be Popular. It Is predicted that stripes will b worn, a good deal this spring. Mothers has a box plait In front which Is orna mented with two rows of small gilt buttons. Tho nock and sleeves aro finished with whlto turn-over collar and cuffs, tJ-lmmed with feather stitch ing and lace. Tho coat Is of brown cheviot serge made with stltchod plaits on either Bldo, both front nnd hack, and has a stitched bolt which crosses In front and fastens with one button. Similar buttons ornament tho coat. Tho turn over collar and cuffs aro of plain brown cloth. All three will be found highly servlcablo costumes. 1b too groat for expression In candles Or tho figures of tho date mny be writ ton in tho confer of tho cako In drops of colored Icing or in confections and tho candles may bo arranged around tho edge. It doesn't take much Ingenuity to mark Iced cakos with card suits, tho hearts and diamonds with pink Icing on whlto nnd spades and clubs with chocolate The woman who accustoms horsolf to use a pastry bag will find no end of such uses for it. A very small tube Is wanted for tho cake marking. Now York Kvenlng Sun. Embroideries for Spring Gowns. There Is a great doal of openwork omhroldory used on tho now thin frocks, and one soes tho old fnvorltes, IrlBh, cluny nnd valcnclenncs, woll represented ; but thoro la a notlccablo mingling of fine and heavy laco and embroidery, beautiful motifs of Vene tian worked In among vnlcnclenne nnd embroldorcd net or linen, etc. In hats there Is a marked tendenty to height la crowua aud broftdor brims. Mir t -ND niCUANIff SAVES MANY MASHED THUMBS Holder Attached to Hammer Protects Fingers of Amateur Carpenter In Starting Nail. The numbor of people who cannot tfrlyo a nail straight is largo and In by .nomeana confined to tho fair sax. The amateur carpenter usually has a soro .thumb to nurse, but that was boforo a Now York genius Invented tho nail holder horo described. Tho hammer ibself is made dlEeroutly. Thoro arc abutments located at dlfforont dis tances from tho faco along tho head. Tho holder proper consists of a resil ient metal band carved to fit around tho head of tho hammer nnd holds the nail in placo under whichever abut ment is tho proper height for that longth nail. Long nnlls, of courBo, aro placed undor tho highest projection, and short ones undor tho lowest. With tho nail thus held In placo It can bo Nail Holder. drlvon Into tho wood with ono lusty blow so that it sticks thero. The metal hand can then be takon off and the nail driven tho rest of tho way In as ordinarily. Thero Is no necessity of holding it in tho fingers till it gets started. PRESSURE OF LIGHT ON GAS Delicate and Ingenious "Experiment! Made by Prof. Peter Lebedew of Moscow, Russia. Prof. Peter Lebedew ofMoscow, It will bo remembered, waB the first man to prove experimentally thnt light ex erted an actual pressure upon solids. Recently tho scientist has published tho results of a long series of similar experiments upon gases, and ho has announced that there Is no longer any doubt that light does bring pressure to bear upon all gases. Tho ro3ult3 in tho professor's own statement nro as follows: (1)) Tho existence of a pres sure of light on gasca la experiment ally proved. (2) This pressure Ib di rectly proportional to tho incident en ergy and tho absorbing power of tho gas. Prof. Lobedow's theory was that when a ray of light passed through a body of gas tho molecules were swopt in tho course of tho ray llko sand be foro a storm. In tho tests a chambor of gas inclosed botween fluor-spar windows, which admit tho ultra-violet a8 well as the visible rays, waa used. Coal gas, marsh gas, butane, acety lene, propane, ethylene, and carbon dioxldo woro tested under light from a Nornst lamp. A carefully balanced piston wa3 placed at tho end of the chamber opposite that at which tho light entered and the pressure regis tered by means of a quarts fiber. Thoso Uollcato and Ingenious ex periments havo won for Lebedow a high placo in tho ranks of physicists, and, whllo tho brief account of the ap. paratus sounds slmplo enough, one may gain somo notion of tho difficul ties encountered from tho fact that twenty different types of devices woro constructed and discarded before any thing llko satisfactory results wero ob tained. At first coal gas was tho only one that responded satisfactorily to the tooto, and wor a tlmo this puzzled tho experimenter, until It occurred to him that heat was playing somo part In his work and that tho presenco of hydro gen In tho coal gas served to distri bute tho heat generated equally so that tho effect of light alono could bo measured independently. Thereupon ho diluted tho other gases with which ho was working with hydrogen, and found that everything went smoothly enough with the rendy conductor of heat In tho chamber. Automobiles Spread Tetanus. It Is suggested by the British Medi cal Journal, that the extraordinary In creaso of tetanus In that country Is duo to tho automobllo, although tho first thought la that tho development of tho horseless vehlclo would havo had Just tho opposite effect. But It Is bolloved now that tho distribution of tho germs has been groatly in creased by tho dust-raising powers of the automobile. In 1901 tho numbor of deaths In England nnd Wales from totonua was 67. In 1902 nn extraordinary Increaso occurred, tho doaths being 201. In 1903 tho deaths woro 257, and tho rato remained abovo tho 200 figure until 1908, when it reached to 180. Mlno Rescue Apparatus. Tho rescuo apparatus evolved from oxporimont8 In Drltlsh mines, Is claim ed to mako It practicable and easy for its wearer to work flro or six hours In tho most noxious gases. No holmot la used, but a headpleco holds tho mouthplcco In placo, a light clamp closc3 tho nostrils, nnd the eyes aro protected by goggles. A bag suspend ed from tho shoulders In front carries tho air supply. A pipe leads tho air exhaled to n recoptaclo filled with chemicals to absorb tho carbonic acid and replenish tho oxygen, nnd from this tho restored air passes again to tho breathing bag. Tho weight Is twenty-eight pounds Urn STARTING A QLQGGED DRAIN1 Two Excellent Methods Illustrated for Cleaning Basin and 8ave Plumber's Dills. An easy method of starting a flowt of water in a wash basin whon tho drain Ib clogged Is as follows: With! stopper removed, fill tho basin half full of wntor, writes D. F. Albert, inj the Scientific American. Tako a Bwabt and work it up and down rapidly la the water. This seta up a pumping ao' !A- . Methods of Starting Clogged Drain, tlon thnt agitates tho water in the pipe violently. Nino times out of ten It will bring the sediment right up from the trap, and start a flow of wa ter. If flushing is desired, tako a cork that will lit tho drain In basin, cut a holo through It, and attach a plcao of rubber tubing to It, as shown In tho drawing. Draw tho other end of tho tubo over tho faucet, placo tho cork la the basin drain, and turn on tho city pressure. It may bo necessary to hold a cloth ovor the dralnago holes in upper part of basin. This wrlnklo will savo dollars in plumbers' bills, as I believe It is an efficient as a plumber's pump. REMOVAL OF WIRE STITCHES Punch Invented by Colorado Man Gets Good Grip on Staple and It Is Easily Pulled Out. For tho removal of wire stitches from magazines or other publications the punch designed by a Colorado man will be found a most convenient arti cle. Tho lower Jaw of this punch is provided with a recess with inwardly turned projections on tho opposite sides and tho upper Jaw having a spike Jutting out at right angles and arranged on a stud which fits into tha recess in tho lower section, the re cessed Jaw extending considerably be- Wlrestltch Remover. yond tho punch point to glvo tho tool a firm hold on tho welt. To remove a wiro staple tho turned-over ends aro first pried open and by Inserting tho point under tho top of tho wlro stitch tho latter can bo easily yanked out. Paper makers have to removo theso stitches from periodicals beforo grind ing the latter in their pulp macbinos and heretofore this work has beon dono with a crude Implement resem bling an oyster knife. Often n stitch has been put In wrong, too, and has to bo removed. INDUSTRIAL MECHANICAL NOTES Most of tho typo used by printers in China Is made in Japan. Tho cultivation of cotton In Slam la being encouraged by tho government. Zinc shingle nails, cut from tho solid metal, arc practically Indestruct ible. England Imported moro than 1.770, 000 rabbit skins from Australia last year. Hydrogen ga3, burned In liquid air, will produce steam In tho form of snow. Asbestos tlrst was used by tho an cient Romans, who mado cremation robes from It, Experiments with tho sugar beot are under way on 2C0 farms In tho United Kingdom. A tool for removing tho wire stltrhos from magazines ha3 been pat ented by a Colorado man. A shovol with sieve littached eo that ashes can bo sifted beforo thoy aro re moved from a heater has been invent ed by a Michigan man. Canvas that is to be painted can bo waterproofed at tho samo tlmo by add ing an ounce of yellow soap nnd half a pint of hot water to each seven pounds of paint. Scalca are included in tho handle ot a grocer's scoop that a Philadolphlan has patontod, bo that the contents can bo weighed when takon from a box barrel, or bin. A metal holder for paint brushes, by which thoy may bo attached at any anglo to tho onds of poles to savo painters using ladders, has boon pat ented by an Illlnolsnn. A French company exposes sawdust in rotary drums to tho action of sul phurous acid gas, producing an alcohol that has a much greater rango of usoa than ordinary wood alcohol. Although wood veneers aro made In moro than thirty states, Illinois, Michigan, Florida and Indiana rnanii' fncturo noarly ono-thlrd of tho entire production of tho United States. In Denmark thero has beon d'lsrnv. ored a deposit ot clay from which may no niuuu diiukh mm aro light In wolgb yot so tnngh that nails may bo ilrlvnn ! Mtfa I into tne. witnotrt them cracking. 1 . aW .. ' --. h