(il l
i
3B
Wfc .....
1 H & . :f
Insanity
Alcohol Easily
Holds Place
at Top
Can
Iy I)K. II. II. COWLEY
1
J
t, 5
i rr
"TFONDUnAS, In the liRlit of recent le-
velonineols, la (ilnylng tho name
game as did Nicaragua, and it la
expected here that the firm hand
of tho United States will be felt In
north Central American republic.
Too many American interests are at
stake to let the threats of Spanish
rulers go unheeded, say Managua
officials. One by one as these
troubles arise throughout Central
America it Is the Intention of Presi
dent Taft and his subordinates to
force a lasting peace.
It hasn't been Ions since 1'nlted
States Minister Merry was cIiqblvI
through the streets of Managua by tho Roldiera of
President Zelaya, but conditions in these three
years have wonderfully changed. Perhais no man
saw farther into the future of these Latin-American
Republics than did Minister Merrv. A sea
captain on a Faclfic Mail liner, he became a stu
dent of the native and bis country. He probably
I. . '
if -
Rnoestring. so to r.peak ,a few years ago, ami
being worth a few dozen millions today.
Tli(y have tried rubber and made a fail
tire, cocoanut plantations brliif? forth fruit
slowly, pineapple grow large, ns do grape
fruit anil oranges, but they rlptn so quleUlj
and the import duty Is so heavy that exporta
tlon under present conditions Is hardly to bo
considered. Wee does fairly well, while, cof
fee on the west coast reaches a high grade ol
perfection. The coffee, diplomatic and other
ofllclals assert, is tho finest in the world.
Tho chief trouble on tho east coast is find
Ing a hillside level enough to stand on and
cultivate tho product.
The labor question In Nicaragua has the
servant girl Issue in the 1'nlted States beaten
a nautical mile. One man will tell you he has
no trouble In getting labor. If he means real
work there Is plenty to be done, but from the
standpoint of the employer, the task Is no easy
one. Money means nothing to the average
native. One plantation manager told a cor
respondent he had 60 men working for him
and that he transacted business on 000 sols
monkey money, they call It a year. Thl
plantation conducts a store, as do the major
Ity. The men are paid in the national cur
rency, which Just as steadily tomes back intr
V- .Si k.v.v.-;-K,ww ' vfv: ? '. .? ; :U -i
'. V.S t. ;, j. -v, V V. ; '..i ' f-.'
.. . , . . ' I I'll. .. - i'. . i, U-
knew better than any other diplomatic official that,
left alone, they would never cease fi",hti'.)s.
As the re::u)t of his work In the service, the
United States has virtually established a protec
torate over Nicaragua. At all times an American
. warship la within four hours' call by the wireless.
An American postage tftamp is as good in Nlca-
ragua as it Is in Louisiana. Mail for the United
f States goes through the American consulates and
Is carried In sealed sacks to New Orleans and Mo
bile, or to a port on the Pacific coast in another.
) It Is not handled by natives. There is no opening
of mail addressed to the subjects of the United
States these days, as was common in the past.
That is one result of Minister Merry's work
and today he is in the diplomatic service in Costa
Rica, watching his labor hear fruit.
President Estrada Is a good fellow as Nicara
giians go but he couldn't last twenty minutes as
tho head of a people who love to fight, If the Unit
ed States department at Washington wasn't hold
ing his band over tho rough places. They are
going to send a commission down there In a
short tinio to straighten out affairs and con
duct the first honest election the country ever
had. Then J. P. Morgan & Co. will handle tho
refunding of the $20,011(1,000 bonded debt. By
that time the United States will be well in
charge, probably with Consul Moffat as minis
ter and real head of the government.
Just as rapidly as possible Nicaragua Is
being made a good place iu which to live.
American capitalists and investors are crowd
ing into the country with rapidity. Now that
tho day3 of the revolution are ended tho ma
chete made an Implement of agriculture in
stead of war the future' of the little republics
looms bright. Mine3 aro being developed, for
ests cleared, lagoons drained and homes built.
Men from the north and middle western states
are causing the bustle. There are business
men from St. Louis, Kansas City and Chicago
and men from numerous smaller cities who
aro interested financially in agriculture and
n.lnni-T work In Nicaragua. Many are already
realizing' on their Investments..
Along the iih Gnindo river there Is a wide
stretch of territory covered with bamboo,
some of which Is planted In bananas. Ship
ments of bananas were taken out of that sec
tion for the first time a few weeks ago by tho
Pan-American company, a Kansas City and St.
Louis concern. There are half a dozen small
companies beginning operations and within
six months fully 200,000 or 300.000 acres of ba
nanas will have been planted along that river,
which Is said to be the best for tho culture
of this particular fruit of any In tho republic.
The bananas about 3,000 bunches shipped
lately were the finest taken Into the port of
New Orleans.
Mining throughout
the country, while be
ing pushed, is not
bringing the money
returns of fruit. Many
men, however, have
struck it rich in the
mining region. A Ca
nadian by the name
of McCiinnls, located
in the northern part of tho Republic and
founded the Lone Star mine. Today he is
several times over a millionaire. Joe La Pere, a
French Canadian, discovered the Bonanza
mine from which millions in gold have been
taken. Tho Topaz. Mining company Is an
other paying venture. The chief difficulty
with tho mining Is tho matter of transporta
tion. While the earnings of the various julnes
have proven satisfactory, yet it Is In tho ba
nana business that the figures presented by
American experts prove amazing; they show
payment for land, cost of clearing, planting
and harvesting at the end of the second year
with an additional profit of 50 per cent, on
the Investment. They are indeed startling, but
the men who make them point to the United
Fruit company, having started business on a
the more. Paying off labor in Nicaragua Is
much like taking a dollar from one pocket and
putting it into another. That's all right, so
far as It goes, but. when the laborer generally
an Indian or a Jamaican thinks he has too
much to do ho epiits. He can live without
work, and works merely to p!enwe his foreman
Tho foreman who can get the K'ooil will of the
Indian la tho valuable man. The superln
tendent of a coffee plantation has been trying
to get 300 men to worl for the last two years
At one time ho had loO and he Is a nwin the
natives like, too.
Tho manager of a big banana plantation la
having the same trouble. A month or two is
frequently spent getting half a hundred men
together. Indiums slay close "to their villages
and the hope of the planter Is tho building
of these I'ongliuneral Ions of huts. - Olvo tho
workers a bamboo covered shed In which to
live, build tbnui a church of tho same nia
terlal and secure for them a preacher, even
though their morals seem lax, and the natives
will probably spend thoir lives on the planta
tlon working when they feel so inclined. Now
and then they want to wander away and get
all the bad whisky they can buy, but they
return in time to again take up the machete.
Good treatment appears to be the only secret
If there bo any secret of getting labor In
Nicaragua.
COUNTRY OF CONTINUAL UNREST
5f
"The beginnings of the troubles that wreck
Nicaragua at frequent Intervals He back to
Its discovery by Columbus. A small remnant
tl Iudinhb has recently been found living on
an Island near Blueflelda, speaking the lan
guage of the Aztecs and having traditions of
ruling In splendid cities over the subject
tribes of the coast.
These cities, of which great ruins remain,
at once attracted the Spaniards to the In
terior, so that from Panama to Yucatan not
bn Important Spanish settlement was formed
on the Caribbean coast, and thus the coast
tribes, freed from Aztec domination, re
mained olmost unknown to the Spaniards,
having no property worth looting.
Loot-was plenty anions the buccaneers, but
fresh food and women they lacked. These the
Indians supplied. Commercial relations soon
grew up, which speedily developed into an
ol'Iacco against tho Spaniards, by means of
which the Indians mairil :tiiied their indepen
dence, until t lie ir chief was carried, in 1 ;SS.
with great pomp, to Jamaica, where lie r. nr-
rendcred hia authority to ti.e duke of A!b--tniuj-uie,
and v.i;s then crowned and receive I
I nek his Insignia as a vassal kinir, under a
British protectorate, of all the coa:U from
Chivlqi.i la'-'co:i to Yucatan, along what i
l.nown iiS the Mos.pn'o cnas-t.
Subject to oi c'sianal cl:i'-lict; with tl iXy.i't
f:'rds, matier-i went on tin..-, for a entir
each eui n s. 'vo .Me.prii'ito l,in: rolntr to J i
malca for ir.vi.-inre and to do l-o'-nt-e. I'.n
ally, in 17SM. ! y the i eace of P.. .!,:. I'- :! ;, !
F;ccifici!ly l.audoned it .; i otectoral over
all ol the Mosq.iitn coa t, - oMt for t'rr
now known as Belize, or British Honduras,
which then became and still remains a Brit
ish colony.
However, It was only 14 years before the
French revolutionary turmoil again brought
war between Spain and England. In the
course of this, the protectorate was revived,
so that, in spite of Spain's becoming later
the ally of Knglaod against Napoleon, tho
three succeeding Mosquito kings of the first
half of the nineteenth century were crowned
as of old in Jamaica or Belize, and did bom
age for their kingdom, the last in 1847.
In 1X21, after a long struggle, all Central
American broke away from Spain, and offered
to Join the United States as five states, an
offer which was at once refused, ns the pop
ulation was not considered sufficient in num
ber to Justify ten seats In our senate, nor
sufficiently advanced otherwise to be a de
sirable element. Tho refusal stirred up bad
ldood aioinst the Kr.g!ish-Sieak!iig people.;
and a dispute with Kiigland ovr the protec
torate. By the Clayton-P.ulwcr treaty of ls.",;. l.:ah
Kntiaml ami the United Stales hound them
selves rot to s "k exclusive mht.i in any p. t
of Centra! Amenr :i. A : : in the protectorate
i ui'Ie tr'v.lh'. and London a. id W'n. !. in. t on
a';rc"d on a treaty by which the .io:--qu''o
pi-"!' . td h.v treaty with the
I sta'e-1 ij:tcre ted. bet these
of the coast claimed by Honduras, while tt
Nicaragua she agreed to surrender her pro
tectorate and recognize the sovereignty of
Nicaragua.
Nicaragua In turn, agreed to grant complete
local self-government to the Mosquito- tribes,
then of blood largely diluted with strains of
white and Jamaica negro, and using Eng-'
llsh as their official languuge. Nicaragua
also bound ltsedf to make a free port of
(Jreytown, at the mouth of the navigable river
by which the great central In) of Nicaragua
discharges Into the Caribbean sea, and for
ten years to pay annually to the Mosquito
Indians a subsidy of $5,000.
After 19 years less than half of the sub
sidy bad been paid, while in violation of tho
treaty Nicaragua bad imposed duties at firey
town under tho pretext that they were to
tiny the subsidy, and had Introduced a gov
ernor and a garrison at BlMictields, tho Mo
squito kind's caiiltbl, and was otherwise vex
ing tiie) inhabitants :o as to force them to
abandon the Liic.rsh lauguego and their local
.el) "-government. finally, after most inso
lent t ft at ii i -i 1 1 of ti: British consul at Grey
town, who lal In en appoint"!! the Mosquito
ki nil's a;:i t:t in re- i ive the arre ars, Kni-laad
sent a wars) in to Greytowu. .'s'icar.m'l.i pio
lc.,;iil tl a', i .;; h" Britbh prole; total e had
b''":i v. it I, Ira '. -i and Nlca rarua's sovereignty
ri"or.aled ever eoa-t. it was none of
Lobi
ter
a:
t v as to b'!
!;:! Amcr'fv
. ...t (if, .
'. t ' c.i ')'.
Willi ItO'-'l'
'e ; r i ; 1 , .
E
"1 te
a. id. !i;v;!l
ll
I rn
in
t . ' it-
v.luell
ill a I
ii'i I...I
i'.hi"
j : -land's bn "
ed the Inaiy ti,
ilium.. i"-t I."
net leovcil bv t ' I
entire i ,,; 'i - v
('ill .f I l I;
( :: v.-o pc:-:
I'M' II hetd, ! ;'
ih!t(! In the r.un-
whether .ie;ir;iioKi f nihil--il.
it ions, in favor of the In
a. lain of 'lie warship was
. : ad a ft. r much at ley t lie
.i s;.la:i!ie: to tic arliilr.i-
of Am'ria.
1 1 e -.': ar:;:",uin i ontent'ors
. that the sub.-.ldv wa of
the nature of a gift, and therefore that Inter
est should not be added to the arrears; and,
second, that the vessols belonging to the
Mosquito coast should holBt tho Nlcaraguan
flag, though against Nicaragua's contention
they were allowed to hoist their own along-
eld of It; but on every important point the
decision was in favor of England
Under this decision settlers began to come
in especially from Canada and Jamaica, and
business became quite brisk. Nicaragua
failed In another attempt to Induce the coast
to vote In favor of full citizenship, and mat
ters went on merrily till a few months after
Zelaya s rise to the presldenecy, whan. In
January, 1894, a Nicaraguan army suddenly
appeared at Illuefields, kidnaped and sent to
the Interior the chief Justice and all the leuid
lug men of the coast, and In their absence
u ordered an ele'ctlon, w ith soldiers at every
polling place, to determine finally tho status
of the coast.
In this election there could bo only one
re-sult, and Nicaragua announced that tho
const had accepted full citizenship in Nlca
i-Mgiia. and, therefore, British Interference
was at an end.
I' or I' ll yearn, in spite or occasional ;t
tcmpls at. revolution, one marly successful,
manors went oil lalrly at uliKllelds nnd
bin lei s; grew, 1ml In there be.-ati ss-
tematic attempts to oppress this const.
i a lurice'i- ve.vanou or rorcign.-rs. (ho
Moravian missionaries and the Church of
Cnrlaud re' tor at I .!!. dds, who, sine, ti,
'at Ik li'- ?.urchos have been harried out of
i ai ii'iiri', urn me only represent : 1 1 ve-H of
religion of (.ny kind in all this region, have
had their schools loscd because tuition was
in English.
ri
r
m
Fierce Old Shellfish Fio'nts His Cap
tor In the Air and Retpins His
Liberty.
"The disappearing lobster." ns llsh
ommtssloncrs have tinned it. n:i;.:ht
Hot only remain . but would flourish
sted cap-
J.j ff 'J ture like one in Newfoundland
y,j-f A New York man und bit
ere sitting ou the rocks by I
is guide
the ma
sh; .c w a' i ii. ;',- a !,',; v !
n ;ii 1 .a r ': i. ,; ; run i ul in ci ;
suitih-ply t hi y a , i1 d'.. '.:
a pool of v. a' i r ch hy t ;
beach and rc-ii ; ear. !:i 'i'ii:
isier i.- its ta'.o'-s.
I rn- :
: on !'
tl-" I:
r . 'i i.':
ill on I!
a a i'i. :
i'
tnous !o
old lobster, v !: h a l."g i! '.'I:-,
with barnacles, hut lie- i ag!- ha I It ,
clutched firmly nr-r.'.n I Ii a k, and,
lit first the onlookers could see tic; 1
claw hanging lulpU.-s!y tlowu. the1
St "'i!llt. t'.et
pu ' I. '.ii ir
dioi-s i:f
io i. 11 III
h:l ter Vllh'- : ly
- ei' the ,
v. li i hat ap at'. :
urc v. ' ! tn aft.
.1 i.c
(1
cia'.v i n
e -.-oitr-.d the
'i'la-re vsas a furi..-i
h -it'i - of wings. a melancholy
i-T ;s,'.:, and then, tumbling and roll
It ir he;o ever heels in the ulr In a
. i.ul'm i-i mass, i-Hgln and lobster
cau'e down again Into the pool.
The men rushed forwaid thinking
that they could, perhaps, In some way
'''.:t!t both combatants, as the splash
.: of the conflict continued in the
shallow water. But they tad hardly
n id to pick up a stone apiece to
'' d throw nt the eagle before the lobster.
fi l ling itself sufficiently at home
ttcrlntr and I uuain, let iff) its bold,
h. The
y t dh .1
a'. ; had '
, i- snare '
f s, i hers, !
:i o'.t to
.urn. and ;
:iy hi ':
I'i. -1i:ie
Now, with Its neck all torn and de.
void of feather.-, away h w the bed
raggled eagle to a neighboring cliff,
while, still brandishing Hi enoriiious
claws in defiance, the lobster remain
ed ut the bottom of the pool.
The Strenuous Ticket.
A lot of peoph are complaining
that th'jy don't gd. their money's
worth from this railroad," said odo olfl
c.lal. i
"Well," snld the other, "we'll rem
edy that. We'll iua:c the tickets a yard
nd a half longer "
""W II iil'll'.-QrAli' J'Kli'.S of a ceiiiury n'o it wits the ntnliition of
every prosperous citizen to build himself n liotiso. His dining
table, the n(nr of cc ivtunniiMis hospital it v. nve two dozen
jieople nttiple spr.ee to dine nnd gesl ieiiliite around its polished
spread of mnliopiny. At euinsie moment toward the end
of the fenst some small child ( laborately dressed nnd curled
I I 1. . . V- . . 1 ,1 . a II . 1 : . 1 a 1
in' - 'i " "l" 1,1 puiccu on uie lainc nim uiviieii to nuiKe ner wajr
'IAIfiU 2 nloilL' with the ilecanfer to the other end withntit. linsettinff
the dishes of dessert. And 1 litre was space for the pcrform-
iraic of the feat.
These houses really held things. There were immense pictures, of
rieli dark oils, in the dining mum, and line unfettered expanses of water
colors in the drawing room. There ;:s not only that great, table with
mnny leaves dedicated to ealitig; but in all the sitting rooms there would
be ever so many tine, spacious solid tables on which work could be done
nnd things could be laid.
The people who could now be living in big houses bavo packed them
wlves into small one, and I believe they will discover one of these days
that they have lost a good deal by the change. They have lost more than
a certain number of feet of space: they have lo-t the etiect. upon the mind
and character that a spacious life gives. We all know that people living
on moors and prairhs have as a rule a orruin dignity that people who are
much crowded lack. What the large i.irm or homestead does for the
countryman as compared w ith the oft 'crowded villager, that the ftately
town house does for its inhabitants and i .- pei iail y for children and young
people.
It makes the human being 'feel' sn.a'l bv comparison with his sur
roundings, ns the heavens and the ocean make him siem small. But it
does not make him fed cheap and s it peril .ions. The pHty diminutive
nhode savs da i 1 v to its owner: "Make haste; :et out. Your room, little
as it is, is wanted for others.
The cry has been answered by builders a ml hotel keepers. We have
places to ourselves, and small they a re. We bine diminutive flats with
reception rooms that just receive a toft, ring little table and nothing else.
T'e dine at a table which aecoiamoila'.e- a baby cruet almost under pro
test. The narrow beds in our little bedroovs have sides but no middle.
There are no more fine ph tares, only a ip.ia'itity of photographs perilously
edged against a narrow slat of wood.
And worst of till, there is not a decent table at whkh a person can
sit with books and work tit it. A drawing room trtar
look prettier since the abi'l'tion from it of all sensible
tables, lint it is mmb b-ss habitable. It is small
wonder lhar people nowadays try continually to cur
tail tin? time after divin r. It is because there is noth
ing one can do in a drawiiij ro an. At best somebody
plays the violin or sings; 41t worst the pianola is set
g"i"gr-
The poet who wished for "an hour of crowded
life" should try living' now. On the score of crowd
edness. if not of life, he would be well content.
f 1
Mm
Small
Danger of
Aviation
Becoming
Common
By J. K. MOOREHOUSE
New York
improvement in the mail
I attended several of the great aviation
meets in France and on the continent, and
my conclusion bused on study and conver
sation with the foreign experts is that
there is not the remotest likelihood that
the average every-day citizen will ever
journey thro-.! h the air.
The lalk of reducing aerial transit to
a commonplace bi.ds, where the generality
of the population can make safe and rapid
voyages ia the aeroplane, has few sponsors
iiuiong candid and scientific men.
The thing is simply not feasible and
never will he. There has been really no
in monies, and though I do not menn to
assert, that the limit has been reached, it is not in the nature of things
that any very great development tan now take place.
The bird men themselves will tell you thai the passenger-carrying
proosition is fanciful. Of 'course one or tw'o people can be carried, but
remember that it now takes a .Ml-hor-epouor engine to lift only a couple
of men, and they must not be heavywi ighlm.
Unless something radically new in I ho way of a motor is devised
no single machine can ever carry as many pa-sengers as an old-fashioned
stage coach.
1
How
Doctors
Treat
By F. B. SMITH
The case of one woman sixty-five year
old h) was admitted to a hospital recent
ly riiirTing from pneumonia and who died
shortly after, it is claimed from neglect,
serves to ill list rati; two phases of our cul
ture. Although there is some discrepancy
in the test i many, the facts seem to bo that
the unfortunate woman's ease was diag
nosed as necessarily fatal on account of
her advanced age and therefore less atten
tion was given her than a younger person
would have received.
There is a leiideiicy toward the vievr
that a person of sixty years or even of y
fifty years of age has reached the limit of no fulness, and that such a
Vifo is of but little value to the comniun.iy. This view, however, runs-
fat liter to the teachings of 1'n'i'o-or M, tei'iiik
tetir institute at I'aris.
The reason whv we do not live as I '''.. now
. president of the Fas-
.d par. -hal times if
that otir diet is too conuile ; with re ::i u to
our life span would be hit I ! a a l d .
iw
1 it-it v of diet
A t.. : :on-v. ide .igitatioa is beim car.
Six-Hay
tj7 r
i'X .u
Week
m.nTj limit -at'.
Ey J. J. KWiOKLY
8 Cl.n.v.-i
ti d
l!.e i
;!, i ,e
'..' 1 .;
. f i'. -: v.
It 1 -
n m i'i. '.or of a p ;;!! observance of
' - ''..:!.;:! : 1 !-'. and every man
' '... - -iv days of the week
'"'"tg a comilete daj
' sii'H".-, ti-. d to it.
' -.g:o;:s maiter and there
it' ' of opinion.
1 ' I 'ten: ;t::t ion.s re
1 i " ' " r; 1 ' r ' f : ' -"fiuday, and
"l.v ' ' et . m ,-. tp. KaT:., t'l0 mini.
t r- ! !!. .'. -1..I- ! : f ii , , f 1ft e..
A fc'illlj
I ki:ty lb- .'itiii ' .-e by refusing to deliver
i. ad at the o':-l . li e c Siindav.
I he ji..,i..r,i e d- p. rimi tit is ,.! r.-mly .r'lii-ig'h) please all of
the pee dc ad of lb" ti.ae. if po
111,1 '; 1 I'1'1-1' !!" people that
;!;e .! ri -in ! i rus llie.n on Settday. i.ad .i' it pb-.sn ,e lHK)l,iA eu-
edi.e will p n -. in closed ell Sl,!:l:..
c
s 11 1; "I1 'In' P''"!'1 'J'ho--e wb ,uv o:it empbiyed on Sunday
and i:o b land tla-ir right a right la rc-t cue day iu sevtu should
not epvvt l'j receive their mail on Sunday.
Very f ile plo! Uo ua you would be done by.