D.
Q
Ly JOSEPH W. FOLK
WIIXIA3CA
TOT A M'CIvav
i
. . Mr. Willi. mi A. Radfnrtl will aimwr
Qtii'dttnns and give advice KHKK OF
COST on till subjects pertaining to tlio
I mlijcct of tiiiililinK fur the renders of
this paper. On uccount of Ids w! oxpe
rli'ni'e Killtor, Author and Mwnufiic
' turr. he I. without ilotiht. tlir lilKheat
authority on nil tlieso subjects. Address
11 Inquiries to William A. Radford. No.
JSM I-'lfth Ave, Chicago. III., .nnd only en
close Iwo-cnit stamp for reply.
The prospective builder should not
lose sight of th fact that some day
r It may bo noccssary or desirable to
sell the house ho proposes to build;
' and, If It Is attractive and artistic In
appearance and well arranged, It can
always be disponed of, and that, too,
1 at a good profit to the owner. The re
i quiroments of different families, how
V ever they may differ In regard to cer
tain minor matters, are In general
abotit the Fame. So, by giving care
ful thought and study to the design
f the hcuse when building, It may
l)e made to suit exactly one's own l
needs and al.so those of the possible
future purchaser.
Almost everyone requires a resi
dence of fairly large size; and It is
only natural that tney should want
it to be of distinguished appearance
perhaps one might say imposing; yet
still In good taste.
Wa have hoard a great deal of late
about the beauty of the square, box
like, handcraft style of houses; nnd
their plain, unadorned walls have
Leen urged upon the home builders as
the only proper way to build in this
advanced generation of ours. Never
theless, the fact remains that the
people like their houses artistic and
well ornamented; with large, generous
porches; with sunny bay windows nnd
with ells and projections from the
main part, which add both dignity and
room. Such houses may be called old
fashioned by the critics, but they have
ieen tested by generations of use and
are still the kind of houses that the
people want.
There are modern adaptations. It Is
63
VUfU ,
; c - -
r i J B. 1 1 X -UiO T
. T . IHBI'B II I I II '"ov.'uncHMUw...
true, of some of the parts of these pPai especially to tho housewives for
Louses. We have learned to make this reason. There are no fewer than
better use of them than our fathers ! Beven clothes closets, each of gener
did. An Instance in point concerns j cus dimensions, on this floor,
the large porches that are such a Tnis house Is very well constructed,
prominent feature with all tliese , nas a stone foundation with basement
bouses. Today we utilize these, or under the entlro 8t.-ucture, exterior
part of them at least, the year round , .allg covered with vellow nine siding
We have learned that It Is a very easy
matter to glass-in a porch, especially
First Floor Plan.
One In a corner, and so convert it.
Into a delightful solarium or eun par
lor for use and enjoyment during the
cold winter weather.
In the house design which Is shown
In connection with this there are two
porches both of which are especially
well suited for such a purpose. The
rear porch Is of generous dimensions
and by putting in glass along two
ides, letting It extend back to the
kitchen door, a snug little sun parlor
Is easily made, opening oft the dining
room. This does not Interfere at all
with the kitchen entrance, since the
glass partition would be run across
Just short of the kitchen door, ttus
leaving half of the present porch lor
the kitchen entry.
Or, If a larger sun parlor were di
elred that part of the front porch ex
tending along the side to the front
dining room door could easily be util
ized In the same way. This would
make a beautiful Bun parlor or con
servatory for plants. It would be of
large dimensions and, opening direct
from the dining room, would be a
very valuable addition to the house.
One who has never experienced the
use of such a sun room can scarcely
appreciate what a desirable apartment
It is, especially In the winter time.
To be able to sit in the warm sun
shine, surrounded by beautiful grow
ing plants and with all the comforts
ef being inside a well-built house, yet
vtth the exhilaration that comes from
outdoor light and air, and that in cold
stormy weather, is a blessing that c"
h ' n
f K
A..A junior
MU mtiho'
tCHCft
1,1 1
only he enjoyed by thoso fortunat.
enough to have a sun parlor of this
kind.
Hut the other features of this resi
dence design are deserving of atten
tion also. There are four largo pleas
ant rooms on th'3 first floor the par
lor, sitting room, dining room and
kitchen. There are wide cased open
ings between the entrance hall and
the parlor; the parlor nnd Bitting
room und the sitting room and dining
room. An open fireplace occupies one
corner of the sitting room. This Is
designed nnd built for real service and
Second Floor Plan.
Is calculated to make these rooms
very cozy nnd comfortable.
The rooniB on the second floor are
exceptionally desirable. Four large
square bedrooms are provided and
there Is an unusual amount of closet
space. Nothing Is more to be desired
In a home than ample room to store
away clothing, linen, etc., properly.
The closet space In this house will ap-
1 M
: t
5 f j
roof of red cedar shingles and Inte
rior finished in hardwood, using oak
for the flooring and first quality birch
for the trim. The cost Is estimated at
$3,G00.
When Colieue Girls Marry.
It can be definitely established by
statistics here considerately omitted
that the age of marriage of college
girls is no "later than the age of mar
riage of their noncollege sisters and
acquaintances.
As the home ceased to provide its
daughters with adequate education and
with adequate employment, what was
their situation? In the "working class"
It was simply this: That they went
Into factories and that their sweet
hearts married them somewhat later
than had previously been the case, be
cause their share as wives in the sup
port of the family was Increasingly
smaller. Hut the "working class" man
soon reaches his maximum earning
capacity in his craft and stays there.
His financial infancy is short com
pared with that of the "middle class"
man. He therefore marries younger.
In tho "middle class," however, sci
ence and system began to lengthen
the mental and financial lnfuncy of the
men to such an extent that the "old
maid" of twenty-three became com
ition. What were the girls In the
"middle class" to do while the boys
were growing up to be men in mind
und in money? William Hard, in
Everybody's.
New Type of Warship.
A new German typo of warship Is a
reversion to the monitor in a greatly
improved form. The vessel will ex
pose nothing but u curved steel deck,
practically invulnerable, and a single
turret amidship. There will be no
funnels, for tlie vessel will ba pro
pelled by gas engines developing 6.000
horsepower. Tho armament, conslst-
I Ing of two 16.7-lneh lapld-ffre guns, will
1 be the latest development in ordnance.
Sine" the vessel will be relatively
I small, her 6,000 horsepower engines
are expected to drive her at tho rate
of 27 knots an hour. This looks like
an abandonment of the policy of put
ting too many eggs In one basket, ex
emplified in the monster battleship.
The new type would, of course, be
quite Immune from attack by flying
machines. No explosive dropped from
above would injure It in the least.
Concentrated fire, about which the
naval experts talk so much, could be
obtained by maneuvering the now type
In groups of "ve or six.
ant wwf m ,
uenit l.z.vr
OTP nnr f I jiir ZSTt nor .
T- ,li I " '
COPYRCiT 3Y tOlPi D. tiOWLLO
V-TSIDK of Missouri thP
home of Thomas 11. Hen
ton, I'nlted States sena
tor from 1S21 to 1S.-.1, Is
known only to the stu
dent of history. Web
ster, Clay nnd Calhoun
aro familiar words
everywhere, yet Benton
served In tho I'nlted
States senate longer
than any of these, and
was respoTjsiDie ior
more sound legislation than all of
them together. His name was never
prominently connected with the presi
dency, yet he accomplished more for
his country than havo the majority of
the presidents.
This remarkable man enme Into the
world in 1782. six yours after the sign
ing of the Declaration of Independ
ence, and departed In 1R5S, three years
before the Civil war. Thus his life cov
ered tho formative epoch of a govern
ment by the people In the making, and
ended Just before the outbreak thnt
shook the foundations of the republic
and bathed the nation in blood. For
many years he Ignored tho mutterings
In the political sky and preferred to
believo the talk of war between the
states over tho question of slavery
mere idle chatter. When ho realized
that the sentiment of disunion was
real ho took an uncompromising stand
In favor of the union and refused to
alter hla position or trim hiB sails to
meet the breezes from Missouri that
were blowing the other way. Though
filtering public llfo as an advocate of
the admission of Missouri Into the
union unrestricted as to. slavery, ho
left the public service In the evening
of life because he would not consent
to vote for the extension of slavery
into territory that had before been
free. Ho was a firm believer in the
doctrine of state rights, which was, as
he understood it. the right of tho
states to govern themselves as to all
matters except those delegated to the
federal government. His theory of the
republic was an "indissoluble union of
self-governing states" a federated re
pupblic. His education, that is tho school
part of it, was limited to the
grammar schools and a short time In
the University of North Carolina. In
a larger sense he continued his studies
until the day of his death, and was
one of the best Informed men of his
time. While other statesmen were in
dulging in the dissipations common to
that period among public men, he de
voted his spare moments to Investiga
tion and study, and his knowledge of
the details of public matters was vast
ly superior to that of any of his com
peers. Henton's high moral character was
r bh?mlahcd by his pugnacious dlspo-
sltlon. In his early days ho was in
volved in many "affairs of honor" as
duels were termed then. Ho had not
been In St. Louis long when the most
unfortunate event in his career oc
curred. In the trial of a law suit
some trivial dispute arose between
him and a young attorney named
Charles Lucas, a highly esteemed and
most estimable young man. Lucas
won the case and Tlent.on challenged
him. Lucas declined the challenge
at first, but Benton persisted and
offered deliberate Insults. Lucas then
accepted. They fought a first duel
and no one being Injured a second
meeting was Insisted upon by both
parties. In the second duel Lucas
fell, mortally wounded. Before dying
he took Benton's hand and forgave
him, but Benton never forgave him
self, and tho shadow of this tragedy
went with him through the years to
his grave. Tho code-duello was re
sorted to in those days often for In
significant things, and every public
man of consequence had figured In
such an affair either as principal or sec
ond. This duel was fought the year
after' Benton arrived in St, Louis.
Four years later the father of tho
lamented victim of the duelling cus
tom was one of the unsuccessful can
didates for senator ngainst Benton.
His Fight With "Old Hickory."
Benton, like Andrew Jackson, was
of North Carolina birth, and, like Old
Hickory, moved to Tennessee when a
youth just entering upon manhood's
(-tire. Ilo became Jackson's friend
while they both lived in Nashville and
co-opeuited with Jackson in raising
tho brigade of militia which became
the nucleus of the army that was to
annihilate the British at. New Orleans
and make January 8, 1815, a red-letter
ia- in American annals. It was on
Benton's advice that the brigade was
formed and offered to the government
by Jackson, and for a time he was on
li'ikfon's rtaff. Their friendly re
lations were, however, Interrupted
v i, disgraceful brawl. Jesse Ben-
i. p. brother of Thomas Benton,
.;ul fought a duel and Jackson had
'.-.undid the antagonist. An angry
i-pute arose, Benton espousing his
! rot Iter's cause. Jackson struck nen
ton with a horsewhip, and in return
was tiiot in the shoulder by Benton.
; ickM.n ci'til'd Benton's bulletin bis
'- rVer until the close of hi: presi
dential term, and the wound gave khim
: on," physical distress to the end of
his days. The feeling between
i. in nm hifth after this episode,
rot to Fiibiido until the hand of .fate
i'.i'jt cplTMPC: N FINLAND
"
"lea?anr Ch?npo for Traveler After
the Dreary Cities of European
Russia.
Thl.i plenrnnt pl-tuin of Vlborg. Kin
'riid. 1 from a recent book by Harry
l. 'Yler't: "There re few countries
. absolutely dissimilar (save clltnntl-
llvi a Husitu proper r.nd nninnn
"verythirR dlTnrent
commencing
m
M' th" currency, for rubles and Ko- say, ivnarKon, nun us general im
rk liv rtour dlsaiiiieareil to give presUon of gloom, and oven squalor.
was to bring them together again, one
a senator from another state, and the
other as a candidate for tho presi
dency of the United States. A year
or so niter the fight Benton moved
to St. Louis, where he opened a law
olllce In connection with a newspaper
of which he became editor. He be
came prominent at once in the discus
sion of public questions, and took a
leading part in securing tho admis
sion of Missouri Into the union. Aft
er a five years' residence In Missouri
he wp.b elected by the legislature ono
of the state's first two I'nlted States
senators.
Declined Money Profit from Public
Service.
Immediately upon his election, with
scrupulous regard for his olllcial In
tegrity, Benton called nil of his clients
to his o 111 co and told them that he
could not further serve them, as there
nilt;ht bo n conflict between their In
terest and the public welfare. For
some of his clients he had litigation
over land grants, and as senator he
was In a position, through the enact
ment of laws, to make them and him
self wealthy In the settlement of dis
puted titles. He refused even to rec
ommend an attorney to them, lest thl3
might embarrass him In his public
duty. Ills Idea of public olllce
was that an official had no more right
to uso his public functions to alj per
sonal friends or to advance his own
fortune than he would have to put his
hand into the public treasury and take
money therefrom to pay a private
debt. Through nil his official career
Benton was true to this Ideal and was
Incorruptible and above reproach from
any venal standpoint.
Championed "Missouri Compromise."
Benton's career of constructive
statesmanship was the greatest Mis
souri or the west has produced. He
came upon the stage of public activity
with the enactment of tho Missouri
compromise, which was largely his
work. He left public life coincident
with tho repeal of that measure.
Under this compromise Missouri was
admitted into the Union (though It
was some years later before the state
was formally recognired) as a slave
state, with the provision that no state
created out of the Louisiana purchase,
north of the southern boundary- of
Missouri, should be admitted with
slavery. It hushed slavery agitation
for a decade, and any attack upon it
for a time was resisted by south as
well as north. Benton was 39 years
old when he took his seat and had
lived exactly half tho years given to
him. Monroe was just beginning his
second term as president, Calhoun was
secretary of war, Henry Clay was
speaker of the house of representa
tives. In the next presidential con
test Benton supported Clay against
Jackson, but ever after that he was
Clay's political enemy and Jackson's
warmest and strongest supporter.
Father of Homestead Law.
To Benton more than any other man
Is due the fact that there Is no fron
tier In the United States today. What
was a wilderness west of the Rocky
mountains fifty years ago is now set
tled by happy and prosperous men
and women by reason of his effort In
securing the enactment of the home
stead law. Benton established tho pol
icy of selling public land at a maxi
mum of $1.25 an acre, giving prefer
ence to actual settlers and securing to
settlers the right of preemption. This
made settlement easy and streams of
sturdy men and women began at once
to move westward.
Benton looked into tho future fur
ther than any other statesman of his
time. In answer to the taunts that the
western country, particularly Oregon,
would never be anything more than
a hunting ground, ha prophesied that
the time would come when there
would be more people west of the
Kockles than east. He advocated the
construction of a military road to New
Mexico, and was so earnest In his sup
port of the Idea of a transcontinental
railroad that his enemies charged htm
with being mentally unbalanced on the
subject, and even his friends feared
he was too enthusiastic. In one of his
first speeches he prophesied that the
Pacific coast would soon become the
door of Asia and advised sending min
isters to China and Japan a proposal
at that time considered extremely hu
morous. Brought About 8pecle Payments.
It was through Benton's effort that
specie payments were established and
that nil our money became based on
gold and silver. So earnest was he In
the demand for a specie basis that he
was nicknamed "Old Bullion," of
which he became very proud, and In
his speeches often referred to himself
by that term. He was at first Inclined
to favor a protective tariff system, but
later strongly opposed protection
merely for the sake of protection. He
ftated his position thus: "The fine ef
fects of the tariff upon the prosperity
of the west have been celebrated on
thi Moor. With how much reason let
facts respond and people Judge. I do
r.ot think we are Indebted to the high
tariff for our fertile land3 and navi
gable rivers, and I am certain we are
Indebted to those blessings for the
prosperity we enjoy." While he op
posed the protective system he voted
I Place to pennies and marks, the latter
I l ei, g equal to u French franc. The
contrast Is especially iio'lceable as
regards towns and their inhabitants.
Thin there are few cities In European
Itiu-fla which do not appear dreary
nnd depressing to a stranger. Moscow
and Odessa aro exceptions, for the
first named Is undoubtedly pictures
que, while the g'trdenB, boulevards
nnd well-paved thoroughfares of the
"ther present a striking contrast, to,
.flliMplplfe
rt?; '" "ill
: '':; : Jf W
( JTfiSs. .;'v-.r I' ; kt h .. 'A' "v"' ! f l iff If I
Wii ral JiP
i mm?
for a protective duty on lead, which
was largely produced in Missouri. In
this he made the mistake that has
been made by so many senators and
congressmen of this day, who say they
oppose protection, but vote for pro
tection on the products of their own
states, thereby placing themselves in
tho position of not being able to suo
cessfully question the Justice of the
demand of those in other states for a
larger share of protection for them
selves. After the election of Andrew Jack
son to the chief magistracy Benton bo
came the right arm of that great presi
dent. In the atttempted nulllflcaton
of the tariff laws by South Carolina,
Benton made effective Jackson's ulti
matum to that state demanding sub
mission to the law, by engineering the
pnssage of a compromise tariff bill
which stopped everybody from talking
of fighting, but satisfied nobody.
Fought United States Bank.
Jackson's greatest battle was
against the United States bank, which
he declared must either be put out of
business or It would run the govern
ment. Benton led this fight in the
senate. He brought up the question
in 1831 by submitting a resolution to
the effect that It was not expedient to
re-charter the bank. The war against
the bank raged fiercely for years. It
had many powerful adherents and ob
tained the support of a number of
members of congress, as was shown
later by Investigation, through what
amounted to brazen bribery In the
way of favoritism on loans. In the
midst of the fight the presidential elec
tion of 1832 took place and Jackson
was triumphantly re-elected. Shortly
after this Jackson made an order with
drawing the public funds from the
bank. This precipitated a tremendous
public uproar and the senate adopted
a resolution censuring Jackson for
the act. Benton Immediately began a
fight to expunge this resolution from
the record, and finally. In the last days
of the Jackson administration, the mo
tion prevailed amidst great excitement
and the resolution of censure was ex
punged by having a black border
drawn around it and across Its face
the words: "Expunged by order of the
senate, January 16, 1837." Jackson
deeply appreciated tho value of Ben
ton's support and years later, on his
deathbed, said to a friend: "Tell Col.
Benton I am grateful."
Benton was the supporter of Jack
son's successors to the presidency,
particularly of Van Buren and Polk,
but after Andrew Jackson, the presi
dents up to the Civil war wielded lit
tle Influence compared with those be
fore, und were largely engaged in a
game of hide-and-seek on the slavery
question.
In 1S4S the antl Bentonltes carried a
majority of the Missouri legislature.
Vlborg Is barely eighty miles from
I'etershurg and yet I awaken today In
another world In a cozy hotel bed
room. Its windows overlook a scene
more suggestive of sunny Spain or
Italy than the frozen north.
"The picturesque town nestling
against a background of pine forest
and blue wal?rs of the harbor spar
kling under a cloudless sky, tho wood
ed Islets with their pretty villas, the
ruined castle of Vlborg, with Its crum
bling thirteenth-century battlements,
and last but not least the general air
and a resolution was passed demand
ing that slavery be permitted to exist
in territory north of tho Missouri com
promise boundary and instructing the
Eenators to vote accordingly. Benton
denounced this resolution as treason
able and refused to obey it. He said
it did not represent the sentiment of
the people of tho state and he appealed
from the Missouri legislature to the
Missouri people. The struggle was bltr
ter and Intense. As Benton was up
for re-election, It being the close of
his fifth term as senator, the effort
was to control the legislature which
was to elect the senator for the fol
lowing term. Neither side obtained a
majority of the members and a dead
lock resulted to bo broken by the anti
Benton Democrats combining with the
Whigs and bringing about Benton's
defeat.
The old warrior was not dismayed
and kept up the fight. In 1852 he was
sent to the lower house of congress
from St. Louts as a Union Democrat
For thirty years he had been absolute
dictator in the politics of Missouri.
His word wait final, and his wishes
law, but the tide had turned, and for
the remaining years of his life set
steadily against him. Yet at no time
in his career does Benton present a
more inspiring figure than when, with
his back to the wall, crowded on every
side by foes, he continued to battle for
the principles he believed In. By com
promising and by truckling to the pub
lic sentiment of bis state he could
have regained his seat in the senate,
but he would have lost the love and
admiration due the brave man who
prefers defeat with the light to vic
tory with whnt be considers wrong.
Benton's mannerisms were marked
and did not tend to make him popular
with the masses. He seemed egotis
tical to the point of absurdity, yet In
him it was merely exaggerated self
respect. To the casual observer stern
and pompous, he was gentle and ten-der-heurted
to those who knew him
well. His public and private life were
above reproach. His high sense of
honor as a public servant, hla Incor
ruptible Integrity, his unwavering ad
herence at whatever cost to the prin
ciples he believed in, his powerful In
tellect and bis aggressive energy com
bined to make him a fighter eminently
qualified to lead and represent the
militant people of the West In the first
half of the last century.
He was defeated for re-election to
the house In 1854, and In 1856 became
the candidate of the Union Democrats
for governor, an3 ran third In the
race. He was now 74 yeurs old, but as
vigorous and robust as ever. Without
lamenting his fate or the people's In
gratitude, he cheerfully took up tho
completion of his "Thirty Years'
View," giving a mental picture of the
important events In the history of our
country with which he had been con
nected. In 1858 he died In Washing
ton, undismayed by the storm of pub
lic misunderstanding that had wreck
ed his political life. Ho looked Into
of life and animation are Indeed pleas
ant to contemplate after the drab,
dreary streets of tho Russian capital.
Vlborg Is, perhaps, the least lmposl-"
of all Finnish towns, for many of lu
dwellings are built of wood, which,
however. Is generally stained a dark
red color, cleaner and more cheerful
looking than rough, weather-bleached
logs.
"Pleasant also Is It to saunter
through the picturesque old streets, to
ransack the silver shops and come
suddenly upon a market place lying In
the future and saw the approval of
coming generations whose view
would not be obscured by the passlotjs
and excitement of the moment. When
the news of his death reached Missouri
there was an entire change of senti
ment and all classes united to do
honor to his memory. They then real
ized that the mightiest man of Mis
souri was dead, the man who towered
above friends and foes. All the state
was in mourning and bis funeral at
St, Louis was attended by more than
forty thousand people.
8aved Missouri to Union.
It was the fight Benton, made that
enabled others, when the war came,
to keep Missouri In the Union, If Mis
souri had seceded there probably
would have been a different story to
tell than that which came from Appo
mattox, So Benton won life's battle by sim
ple honesty, by perseverance, by hav
ing ideals and remaining true to them
In sunshine and In shadow. Ills influ
ence will be felt for good as long as
this republic lasts, and the failure to
secure political preferment at the end
or his life by giving up the fight ac
centuates the grandeur of his charac
ter. He loBt for the moment, but In
losing he gained for all time. For him
there was victory in defeat. The les
son of his life Is it is not essential
always to win, but It is essential U
keep the faith.
The Mystery of a Duel.
Having fought his duel and saved
his honor by firing a shot In the air,
the editor of a French provincial
newspaper went back to bis desk and
the incident had quite left his mind
when he felt something strange lni
his thigh. He looked and found that
he was bleeding profusely.
A doctor was called, who discov
ered that a bullet was embedded lni'
the editor's thigh some two Inches
deep and required extraction. "Why
was this not taken notice of on the
spot where the duel took place?
he asked. The editor was as much,
in the dark as the doctor. At the mo
ment of the duel he had fired Into
the air and his adversary also took
a distracted sort of aim. There had
evidently been no Intention of doing
the slightest harm on either side.
The editor felt nothing as he left
tho field and had shaken hands with,
his antagonist as a sign of reconcilia
tion. How a bullet came to be lodged
In his thigh was simply one of the
mysteries of dueling.
Another Boom for the Crops.
"Not many delegates appeared at
the Gsperantlst congress that met la
Kansas."
"No. Most of them stopped off and
hired out as harvest hands."
Strategy.
BesRle But didn't you say if George
tried to kiss you, why, you weuldnt
stand for It?
Peggy I didn't. I I sat down la
a hammock.
the shadow of quaint old gabled '
houses, where the rosy-cheeked peas
ants, carts and cobbles and canbas
Kooths packed with fruit and vegeta
.les recall some old-world town in far
away Brittany. Everything has a
cleanly, bright appearance, and the
fresh, pine-scented sea breeze is grate
ful Indeed after muggy, Inodorous
Petersburg."
Now that the comet has sot killed
anybody, let us turn our attention to
July 4