DAKOTA CITY IIEKALD vyoooQXXX)l J 0 wion 0ME TOWN DAKOTA CITY, NEB. JOHN H. REAM, Publisher, HELPS L CK OOOOO 0sfebr hies to con CHANGE IN TACTICS IS HINTED AT IN THE CHICAGO RATE HEARING. GRILL FOR SHIPPERS LIKELY Amount of Return, Which Different Associations Enjoy on Their Invest ed Capital May Be Put Up to Com merce Commission. Chicago. Coincident 'with the clos Jag of the testimony for the Santa Fe system before the special examiners for the Interstate commerce commls elon and the statement from the road's statistician that the Increases in freight rates asked would net the San ta Fe ly $94,000 increase yearly In earnings, there came a suggestion from the railroads that the defense might change their tactics and seek to compel the shippers who oppose the advance la freight rates to declare how much they profit on the different commodities under consideration. A request from Attorney F. J. Norton, counsel for the Snnta Fe, for the names f the different associations of shippers represented nt the hearing, that he might question certain of the shippers, gave color to the report that the shippers would bo asked about their profits. One prominent railroad man declared that inasmuch as the shippers had been protesting that the profits of the railroads were unreason able, the railroads might well usk the shippers what their profits are on the commodities affected by the proposed Increase In freight rates no that the commission may know whether they are or are not seriously disturbed by the increase which they are fighting. While no statement of such Inten tion has been made yet, It will not be it all unlikely that the railroads before the hearing is over will ask many questions of shippers concerning' their profits and the rate of return which they enjoy on their invested capital. ARE THE VICTIMS OF GRAFT 3y . PTQUETTJOJtfrTGTHL Pension Bureau Imposter Defrauds Many Army Veteran In the East. Washington, 1). C. Pensioners throughout the country have been vic timized by a man representing himself to be an agent of the pension bureau who has been making an examination of the eyes of veterans and telling them they were going blind. The man, who gave his name as Phillip Golden, was arrested at Cape May court house Friday, given a hearing at Camden on Saturday and then was held to the grand jury. Colden has been working In the vi city of Springfield, 111.; St. Louis. Mo.; Philadelphia, and southwestern New Jersey. According to pension bureau officials he represented that by pur chasing glasses from him the pension ers not only would avoid blindness, but also would obtain substantial In creases In pension. Oldest Keyman Dead. Wilmington, Del. Isaac W. Halm, probably the oldest telegraph opera' tor In the country in point of contln uou8 service, died here Wednesday, aged 81 years. He was an employe of the Western Union Telegraph com pany for 52 years. For a time during the Civil war he managed the trans mission of telegrams between the war department at Washington and the headquarters of the army of the Poto mac. 8tol to Get Bank Account. Richmond, Ind. The heaviest fine ever assessed by Mayor Zimmerman was that of $100 and costs and one year in the county jail, given Arthur Newhouse lor petit larceny. The man admitted having stolen $13 from Lloyd Shoemaker, his roommate, to start n bank account. Hay Fever Victim. Bethlehem, N. II. An increase in membership, and a growing Interest in methods of combatting the ravages of hay fever In verlous parts of the country, waa reported to the annual session of the United States Hay Fe ver association. 8loux City Live Stock Market Sioux City. Wednesday quotations on the Slouz City live stock market follow: Top beeves, $6.50. Top hogs $9.20. Broke the World' Record. Pari. In his monoplane flight ot last Monday, Leon Morane, the French aviator, reached a height of 2,150 me ters, or 7.054 feet, according to the of fleJal figures. This constitutes world' record for height. Accused Postoffice Robbers. Wichita, Kan. John Callahan, Ed ward Earl and Ray Templeton, arrest ed here on charges of robbing postof fice and selling stamps In Wichita, were taken to Topeka. T 13 Indeed fitting that under the able administration of that Grand Old Man of Mexico, Oen. Porflrlo Dla. Mexico should celebrate her centennial of Independence and her early strug gle for freedom and liberty. He, whose forceful military pol icy, whose familiarity with the pulse of his people, and whose consummate statesmanship have given his country a sound government and placed her on a financial and commercial foot ing with the old world, will preside as chief executive over the commemoration of th for Mexico to reach the present high state of civilization which she enjoys. A tne human sacrifices of the Aztec king, Montezuma, gave way to the bloodless offerings on the altar of the Fair Ood who foretold the coming of me Spanish conquerors, so the spine of Independence Anally subdued the successors of Corte and his hardy band. The law which excluded Spaniards born In Mexico from equal rights with those who were Immigrants and the consequent repugnance and Jealousy ZZrJt MD the tW0 parUtlH' twer with the alienation of the clergy and the removal of their Influence in the enforcement of government decrees, which necessitated the use of more forcible measures, the granting of commercial monopolies, and the severity exercised In dealing with cases owth M 7, t0 thMnht of a feeling of discontent and the growth of revolutionary sentiments. Hut it was left to one of the clergy, a priest of the city of Dolores, Father Miguel Hidalgo, to give these sentiments outward ex pression and to ralso the flag of rebellion against the mother country. Father Hidalgo was the second son of Chrlstobal Hidalgo y Costilla and Ana Maria de Gallaga, and was born on the Hacienda Corralejo In the state of Gunnajuato on the eighth of May. 1753. His early years were spent on the farm of which his father was the manager. As ho grew older he pursued his studies of philoso phy and theology at the College of San Ni colas, and about 1778 he came to Mexico City to receive the sacred orders and the degree of bach elor of theology. He served as pastor ot various parishes, and on the death of an older brother was transferred to the City of Dolores, where he worked for the enlightenment of his people in the arts and sciences and the encouragement of aerlcultiirnl and industrial pursuits. He first in troduced in that district the cultiva tion of the grape and the planting of mulborry trees for the breeding of the silkworm. Ho, moreover, estab lished a crockery factory and a brick. yard and constructed a tannery and other commercial Institutions. All this, together with his generosltr made him much beloved by his par ishioners and especially the Indians, wnuHB luuguage ne was familiar with Being fond of muBlc, he tauirht thpni to play and formed an orchestra among mem. giving all his energy to the greater civilization and progress of his country. in lnua mere was formed in ValiarfoiM conspiracy which had for its object the assem bling in Mexico City of a congress to govern "e" ima " me name of Fernando VII. in the event that the mother country should fall 10 me arms ot the French, which without serious mienuon might probably lead to the independence of the country. The uprising was planned to take place on December 21 but being discovered, all the conspirators were imprisoned. However, there being but little evidence against them, they were soon given their liberty. The conspiracy being suppressed in Vnii. dolld, sprang up in Queretaro with renewed strength. Here It received protection from the corregldor, or mayor, of that city, who fur- nisned many recruits, pending the time when secret action would be no longer necessary. At this time Hidalgo became enlisted in the cause of the conspiracy; but it Is not known Dy wnat motives he was Influenced. H hnd had numerous discussions with his friend Ik- uacio Aiieuae, regarding independence, but with no more serious object on his part than pure argument and without thought of tak ing any active part In the movement. Allende however, was quick to Interest himself In the cause, although warned by Hidalgo that the originators of such enterprises seldom enjoyed me iruiiB or mem. nut in the month of Sep tember, 1810, Hidalgo received a letter from Allende at Queretaro asking hlm to come to that city on a matter of much importance. He weni, Dut was mtle impressed by the people he met, as they were without resources and of small Importance, and he returned to his home somewhat disgusted with his visit. How ever, another letter from Allende pictured the state of affairs In such encouraging words that he decided to give his time and energy to the cause. He had made in the town 25 lances and placed himself in communication with the drum major and two sergeants of the battu'ion of Guanajuato in order that they mIKlit r.eci're some troop for the revolution. His efforts considering the Rhort time which he had. were most successful but, unfortunate!)-, the cc n splracy reached the ears of the authorities a-ui many were Imprisoned. Hidalgo sent Immedi ately for Aliunde, who arrived Id Dolores on the night of September 14, and the ' r, nf the next day whs spent In conferf-n-v'. thou an decision being ivaehed as t. Pie ,;-Kt course to pursue. Meanwhile Jotieft Ortiz, the vK f,f no cor regldor of Queretaro, Ixini; un i:: Krt 1. .'lever in the revolutionary movement, r --nt a nersi ger to the town of San Miguel el Crnde o that Allende should be Informed ir fie nuva Not finding Allen.lo. who had be.-. -i Mi-mro-e.l MltJ message WUM .i;---., nn. I yf ; s . m&s: ill T Mlm - 3i Mrr u il U '.T-Terrri i,l..'LV, A. jt &sssB h . tier-. r: rrrm n U V GumziiAj. os tjz cm or Mexico I . ' ife '' ' wE4klte4v : 1 X".- Qjapui.tep.c Castle J!i2EtfCZ OZ jPJ3JDrr DAZ wagons and tho setting fire to the fields in their front, compelled the in surgents to retreat in great disorder This was the beginning of the end of the brilliant career of Hidalgo. He fled with other insurgents northward an surrendered his command to Allende At Saltillo it was decided to flee to the United States and to enlist the sympathy of this riHlng republic. Hut on the way they fell Into an ambush planned In the interest of a counter revolution by a discontented revolu tionary colonel by the name of Elizon do. Hidalgo and Allende were cap tured, tried and condemned to death, t- , if -'I I Boy Husband Seek Divorce. Rock ford. 111. Declaring he consent ad to marriage only because he was unable to resist her Importunities and teasing, Walter Johnson sued his wife, Grace Johnson, tor divorce. John son is 17 year old and his bride I 19. Wilder Plead Guilty. New York. Eiwin J. Wilder, the cashier of the Russo-Chlnese bank, who got away with about $526,000, withdrew tils plea or not guilty and V. t , .n A lA ...It,.. O , 1 . . . - J . . . p.vaucu iuiuj. Dcuirun was uvierrta till September . l'uii. v other conspirator by the irime cf j 1 1 .. j i . jeiv iiimii-uiaieiy lur noicrs, i'r '.'ii" t'w at two o'clock in the nmr-ilng f r!-. .-iffMit'i He found everybody asleep i:i the hcuse nf t' c pileht, but awaking Allende, both sought the room of Hidalgo, who Immediately arose and exclaimed: "Gentlemen, we are lost; there is now no other recourse but to attack the Span lards." To which Aldama replied: "Sir, what are you going to do? For the love of God, what is to be done?" After this several hours were spent In vain discussion. Hidalgo now showed his greatness. He did not think of flight, although on account of his sacred pro fession he could easily have found safety. But he preferred to fight for his principles aud his convictions. Knowing full well that his com panions were in prison and the thread of the revolution had been snapped, without troops, without arms, he preferred to face almost cer tain death, remembering his warning to Al lende, that seldom the originators of such undertakings enjoyed the fruits of their efforts. Hidalgo then, with hi brother, Allende, Aldama and eleven other men left his house fully armed and proceeded to the Jail, and. threatening the mayor with his pistol, demand ed the release of hi fellow-conspirators. His demands having been compiled with, he now had 80 men, whom he armed with the swords of the soldiers of the regiment of the queen, which were delivered to Sergeant Martinex. It was Sunday and earlier than the usual hour for mass. Hidalgo, however, summoned the people of the town and the farmers from the surrounding country, from whom he se cured by his eloquent words about 300 fol lowers. A march was made to Rlncon, which was taken without resistance, and many Span lards were made prisoners. Then proceeding to San Miguel el Grande, he surprised the garrison and obtained arms and money. Mean while his march through the villages had aug mented his ranks with people of all classes, principally Indians with machetes. He had found at one place an imago of the Virgin of Guadalupe, which was attached to a lance and borne aloft as the future banner of the revolution, while the battle cry became "Ixng live the Virgin of Guadalupe and death to the Spaniards!" And yearly General Diaz gives this "grlto" at eleven o'clock on the night of September 15, as he stands with his vener able head bared and rings the great bell of the National palace, to the enthusiastic ap plause of his people gathered in dense throngs in the public square, or zocalo. On September 21 the Insurgents marched through Chamncuero nnd entered CelH.va, sack ing the liouses of the Spaniards and securing such n-.cney mid anus as they could lay their hnnds on. Here HiJ;i!;:o was proclaimed gen- rnl by a congress of tbe poople. and Allende was placed seem. I in cmimand. Hidalgo then nt cut for Guanajuato with r.hout PC .000 men. and when he reached the city he found t''ut t.; Spaniards had taken r .fujio in a lr.rn- and strm ; l il!,:n which had been un .1 n , n gr inrv. lioro the royal-l.- ta had brought t!, gov. rn-m-iit treasury and the'r prlvi t wa'th. fort'f.:iS themselves as !t t::cy C".I(J. After n bloody conflict the p!:uo was Anally stcrmcd and tahen and most of the Inhabitants put to the sword. The houses of the city were pillaged and the de struction of property was general. Although Hidalgo issued an edict and attached grave penalties for the offenders, he was powerless to prevent the excesses committed by the un disciplined masses. After order had been finally restored Hidalgo turned his attention to the manufacture ot cannon for his troops and the minting of the silver bars, from the many mines In that vicinity, which hnd been captured In the city. Meanwhile the government prepared to combat the revolution and through the medi um of. the church sought to gain control over the minds of the lower classes, an edict of ex communication being Issued by the the bishop of Mlchoacan against Hidalgo, Allende and Al dama. To counteract the effect of this on the minds of the people. Hidalgo published an an swer, declaring his firm adherence to the doc trine of the Catholic faith and calling upon all to resist their oppressors. On the eighth of October Hidalgo com menced his march to Valladolid, intending at first to attack Queretaro. Hearing of his com ing, the authorities of Valladolid deserted the city and the army of Insurgents was received by tho citizens with great ovation. On October 19 Hidalgo marched toward Mexico City and was met at Las Cruces by the royalist forces under command of Lieuten ant Coloned Trujlllo, who was surrounded by the insurgents and forced to cut his way through the enemy's rear and retreat to Mex ico City. The battle cost Hidalgo about 2,000 in killed and wounded, and Instead of advanc ing on the city he determined to retreat, being Influenced In his decision by the news that General Calleja had left San Luis Potosi with reinforcements. The retreating Insurgents and Calle.ia's force met at Aculco; the for mer, however, with but little fighting, contin ued thei.' retreat, leaving In the field their baggage and artillery. Hidalgo, with reduced forces, retired to Valladolid, while Allende posted himself at Guanajuato and was at tacked and badly defeated by Calleja, with great loss In killed and wounded. Hidalgo, meanwhile, repaired to Guadala jara with bis reorganized army and was re ceived with Kt-eat pomp by the people of the city. Here he organized a form of government with I'iiiacio I. opez Rayon as secretary-general. In January. 1811. Hidalgo moved from Guuda'a.laru with the largest army that was ever un.tM- liis command, meeting the much smaller f;:r,e of the enemy under Calleja at tie b"ii!-;. of Calderon, about 33 miles from the f'.t.v. The di feat of the royalists wbb turned into Ntc.ry by u series of misfortunes, which, by the exploslou of their ammunition mvziuda czkco j mayo JXexico City Allende being 6hot as a traitor on May 2C, 1811, and Hidalgo on July 31. And thus perished a noble and brave man, Mexico's first and grandest champion of liberty. To celebrate these stirring events of one hundred years ago, instead of erecting temporary ex position buildings at great cost the money will be used in perma nent improvements throughout the republic. The program for September in the capital city will Include the 'dedication of many new public buildings, monuments and parks, a great civic and military parade, a historical pageant, fireworks dls plays, balls, garden parties, free theatrical performances, and many other features. To assist In her centennial celebration, Mexico invited all of the nations of the world with whom diplomatic relations are maintained. The response was hearty and sincere, most of the nations send lng special diplomatic representatives and not a few of them are represented by warships riding at anchor in the Mexican ports. France, Germany, and China signified their intention of presenting Mexico a lasting me morial on the occasion of this centennial. The first will return the silver keys to Mexico given to the French on their entry Into the rnnltni Germany1 will erect a monument to Humboldt, while China will give a suitable gift. Other nations will contribute in a substantial wav toward commemorating the pdiod. MARRIAGE 2,300 YEARS OLD Most of us make the acquaintance of Egypt in the splendidly dramatic story of Joseph and his brethren, and so come to look on Pharaoh and his people as gloomy and malign persecu tors, fit only to be swallowed up in the Red sea waves, writes Charles Johnson in Har pers Weekly. Or we read of the graves and sober monuments of the Nile valley, with their perpetual reminders of death and the kingdom of night, with tho result that we are hardly prepared to realize the gay and light some side of ancient Egyptian life or to credit the thought that these tomb builders could t-vci ui ran iino a Hume, tsui mere waa a side of gayety and of charm, and just as we are finding that so many of our deeper and more philosophical thoughts go back to the people of the Delta, so we are beginning to discover the originals of all our Jokes In the burled cities of the Nile. That ladies were not unduly oppressed in the land of the Pharaohs we may gather from this marriage contract from a fourth century Demotic manuscript : "I." says the lady Isis, "take thee as my husband. Thou makeBt me thy wife and giv et.t me in token of dower five-tenths of silver. If I discharge thee as my husband, hating thee , and loving another more than thee, I shall give and return to thee two and a half tenths of silver, of which thou gavest me as my dow er; and I cede unto thee of all and everything lhat I shall acquire with thee, one-third part, as long as thou art married unto me." Not even Chicago or Reno can boast of a franker contract than that, and there is some thing wonderfully naive In the idea of the good lady lsls "discharging" her lord on the ground that she hates him and loves another better. The sum she returns him. as part of her now canceled dower. Is about equal to a silver dollar. -1 LESSONS TAUGHT BY YOUTH Voung Folk Instructing Their Elders Afford Delight to Thcie With 8erise of Humcr. To middle due. when we have n: talned to belns what tie d .ii.(.-. call "settled people." ro les.im, u.v u.oie delightful th;.u a.v u. 1 1 u youth. And alter r-:.y .i;t.i !:i.e .. xperlences Low u uly ;o.Uu is 10 lac.:; how na:-c of i.cr:l.e.iu au. Juii-tr-ent nnd taste! At tbU ea 041 01 tu. year the young retu:n t:ot.i tt.eir du- I'll! lin." 1 tiinti. ... , ...vim.., j iu t ci.v! Uic- 1.0 I- I .tl tl; ..,. o niuu,u..; me!K pa:i:!?n. tltl,t th.y return lull o! lai '.: m i'it ml - 1 in. tiv.i c:.,.. n.i.'y h. y p.-.-. u : ; , ,u. , ti-tit td.'.;n:;. u: , :i -.i' :-.-.( v. ft deficiencies In sense and reason, hl!e age makes good the withered fixtures rr.d faded n'o:-s by n phli ' cphle temper nrd a sense of humor. Yer. yo'ith tiends the earth proudly '. i-ne 'iu punters ervironrtent. ami !n.-t.'nc'lvely we, who have lived and ;i:ueh. i.UI Into ths bpck;:rc-ind (n cie.i' of helriR tarnffhed ty v r T o'k. We 1. trn nwc sinic lit c !, v rn'?ti v o-'d t'd !" in. ,Th y o'.; 1 j on 11 l ll 1 rci f 1 i--a:.:w t! ..i .0 ... !'y. vt"' voniler wh"' I ! I in 3 c?.;i I'o.ilh y hive to t.Uv .u , has reached the decrepit age of tony -five. Despite this seeming ab- wrtiH.iM tn (huniDulvo. ihuua ...... n I -..t.w,, ... iu. 11101 t,a, iu a juillipi toik have hardly Imagination enough to understand that they are as deeply interested tn what they dd and leave undone as once we were In our own activities. A young girl who wa :olcitoiiH as to her mother' power '( einiuring existence with gray hair .nd iadrd churms was much taken nek by this view of the matter; and v 'i.n lur mother assured her that she ,v. u.orc vital interest in her daugh ter career than she had ever done In her own because of the ampler expert ence year had given, the child was quite overawed; but for her own part she hoped to die at thirty because by that time everything Interesting woulc have happened. Harper' Weekly. Greatness. Some men are born great, some men become great through their own effort and gome men happen to go to summer retort where there are no other men. "WEEK END" IN ENGLAND Prom Saturday Until Monday the Eng lishman Spends Most of the Time In His Garden. "I think we have comparatively lit tie to learn from England about vigor ous sports and pastimes. The greatest lesson about outdoor living that she can teach us Is the necessity of hav ing a garden. For what we need most Is relaxation, and there la no way in which we can refresh ourselves for the world's work like living In a gar den as tho English do. We seem to think that whether a man has a gar den or not Is a mere Incident, or sim ply a matter of taste. Dut to an Eng lishman a garden Is as necesBary as a dining room. And from the stand point of national health it is perhap quite as necessary to a family as sani tary plumbing. I do not say this be cause I am a horticulturist, says a Brooklyn Eagle writer, but because we can't be a pink-cheeked nation un til America Is one great garden as England is, and until we adopt that splendid English idea the "week end." From Saturday noon until Monday morning one-half of England is enter taining the other half out of doors. Nothing but routine business Is trans acted on Saturday and Monday morn ings. Indeed, week-end parties often last from Friday night until Tuesday morning, and they enjoy cheaper rail road rates than for the shorter period. I believe that our railroads can, and will, stimulate country living wonder fully by lowering week-end rates. The English railroads advertise blu-bell excursions, so that London children may go out and pick these spring flow ers. The newspapers always remind people of "Chestnut Sunday," when every one goes out to Bushy park to see a mile of horse chestnut trees in bloom. Already our railroads are be ginning to advertise nature's free shows, such as the autumn colors on the Hudson river, etc. The time will come when nearly all Important busi ness wfll be done by appointment and every one who can afford it will allow himself two or three days a week In the country from April till October. roof-top pergolas are old How These Popular Breathing Spots in the Big Cities First Came Into Use. In Persia or Babylonia ages age fiome rich or royal man long since forgotten built the first parapet, breast high, about the edge of th broad flat roof that covered his pal ace. The tradition Is that he did II to please his wife, who was mountain born and pined for freer air than wandered through the barred windows of her house In the ancient lowland city. So the husband built this para pet along the roofs edge in order that she might spend the evenings there in safety. She grew to love the place so much that later he caused to be constructed what today would be called a pergola, a kind of arbor roofed with thick-leaved vines whose shade tempered the ardor of the sun during the day. Most new things are but old one rediscovered. In New York today these is knrdly a great apartment house that ha been built in the last two years that has not provided a place upon the roof for it tenant to sit In the summer. In the more expensive of these great dwellings these roof-top pergolas are a striking architectural feature, large, square towers at the corners where there Is a commanding view of the city or glimpses of green trees In the parks or the shining water of the rivers. In the older apartment houses, owing to the almost universal demand this summer, a shift to please the tenants 1 made by putting up a broad atrip of canvas; on the roofs where it is practicable even tent are pitched. Where there 1 nothing at all people flock to the roof during the evening Just the same, bringing their chairs, and sit there in the darkness, fanned by the breezes up aloft until bedtime. Quickly Passed. "And you think you are willing to endure the hardships of married life with me?" he asked, tenderly. "Yes," she answered, without a tremor. "But you know," he went on, "they'll pelt us with shoes and you may get rice In your eye. Our baggage will b placarded, and most likely they'll ride ub to the station In wheelbarrows, with a band ahead, and everybody'll have a bell or horn. They'll tip the Pullman porter to give us away and wire the police ot some town ahead to arrest us as an eloping couple." She shuddered, but It was only a passing weakness. Men Who Injure a Town. The men who do a town more ham. than good may be classed as follows: Those who oppose Improvement; those who run It down to strangers; those who never advertise their busi ness; those who distrust publlc-Bplrlt-edThen; those who show no hospital ity to any one; those who hate to see others make money; those who op pose every movement that doesn't originate with themselves; those who put on long faces when a stranger speaks of locating In their town; hose who oppose every public ep.er- pribe, which does not appear of per sonal benefit to themselves. Bride's Conveyance. There was to be a wedding In the church opposite the Jones house, and little Harriet Jones stood at the par- window luomng eagrny oui. les 7,.Hnv there had been a fiinornl an.f this she had watched with equal In terest. As the sound of distant wheels tniote her ear she strained her eye o see what wad coming, and caught a glimpse ot a far-off carriage. "Oh, mamma, mamma," she cried. all excitement, "come quick. Here the hearse with the bride lb in-