NICE LITTLE GIRL.
onderfui:
ft.
LIBIT
MM
ment Since Dawn of
'Irrigation tsc-
J3y C.J.BlAHCHARD
( 3. Reclamation Jervice
.C spirit ol tho west la
Dpttralstn anJ progress. It
Is the spirit that fired the
hearts of our forefathers
who erected la the prime
val forests of New Eng
land the superstructure of
the greatest nation on
artb. It Is tho optimism
and faith which imbued
their descendants who
carved an agricultural em,
pire of unparalleled richness from the Missis
sippi valley.
Once a wilderness so unpromising that it
evoked derision in tho halls ,of congress, the
west has become today the lnnd of fortune and
opportunity. In this
land of boundless dis
tances tho altitude is
'etlmulating, the. air is a
tonic, giving health to
the infirm and courage
,to those who have failed
jelsewhere. Its constant
sunshine encourages op
timism and cheerful
ness. The glories of its
opal-tinted dawns, the
lndescribablo beauty of
its sunsets and the
nameless witchery of its
twilight softly melting
Into night are the work
'of a divine painter.
Thero is a mental
and spiritual uplift in
Its mountains, whoso
summits are in regions
of perpetual snow. Its
sapphire lakes, excel
ling in beauty those of
Switzerland, open up
a wondrous field of in
terest and pleasure to
the sightseer and those
in search of rest and
recreation. The mon
arclis of its forests cast
their shadows on the
earth before the coming
of the gentle Xazarone.
Its cation;:, sculp
tured during uncounted
centuries by wind and
wave, are unrivaled iu
their - wonderful find
varied coloring and in
their awe-inspiring depths.
vastnes.s of area. In potential
and climate. ;md in rivers of constant supply,
am t;!t' ping empires awaiting exploitation f.nd
development. Hero nature offers to every
man his birthright a widn sky, the sunshine,
the wind, and a sure reward for intelligent
effort. Here things aro writ in characters too
vast fur human pen.
'1 he late Cow John A. Johnson w-11
the west .symbolizes "homes U"-' the homeless,
food fur the hungry, work for the unemployed,
land for the lamile.-'s, gold for the penniless,
freedom for tho enslaved, adventure for the
restless, danger? for the brave, an unknown
world to conquer, and room for all."
Irrigation has wrought its miracle and 13,
000,00'.) acres reclaimed are annually produ
cing harvests valued at more than $230,000,000
and supporting in homes of their own more
than 300,000 families. The wealth of that por
tion of the country which great statesmen in
Webster's day were wont to declare worth
less is greater now than that of the entire
nation in 18G0.
In the swift inarch of national events dur
ing the past decade, the development of the
west has focused the attention of the world.
It furnishes one of the most Inspiring pages
In the annals of our commonwealth. It is a
story of progress and human achievement a
battle with nature in her sternest and most
forbidding aspect.
Future writers will record the irrigation
movement as an epoch in our history the far
reaching influence of which overshadowed in
Importance any other progressive movement
since the opening to settlement of the Missis
sippi valley. The reclamation of vast areas
of our arid and semt-ar'.d regions, which Is
being promoted by the federal government and
by large corporations working In conjunction
with several states, is of profound economic
Importance to the nation.
The additional opportunities thus created
for home makers are already serving to check
the undesirable efflux of the country people to
the city. Millions of acres of desert, un
leached by rain and storing iir its bosom the
fertility gathered there by centuries of wash
ings from hills and mountains, are being
quickened by life-giving water.
Cities, populous and great, have sprung up;
rural communities, attractive and prosperous,
broad vistas of fertile fields and blossoming
orchards whose yields are prolific beyond com
parison, replace the wastes of sand and sage
brush.
Economic forces are at work today in the
country, and particularly In the arid west,
which are gradually but surely shaping our
agricultural development along new lines. In
many parts of the irrigated country agricul
ture now occupies a position of greater dig
nity among the vocations than ever before.
Its place among the scientific professions is
now recognized and it is calling more strongly
every day for the best talent and brains
the nation affords.
'''';;,rr-;'WT " V" ;', , a , . aai
, ... .; A.. tC&tfasiMTiim
AMUSING MEMORY CARD GAME
p V J
X-!: U'; . ..-; '! ;f:, .V. vl OPTIMISTIC f " :;XXX?-'t
XXXoXb Xowi into TiiTorr Cvnroir, X'f X XiX:?;. ?' :':
,H U of soil l!!i:' on the i.:is.--a-ie of tho reclamr.ilcn act. critical period in I : . -. ; " o - . ,;fc ..,"; ij
id
The reclamation service began its work in
10: 12 cm the passage of tho reclamr.ilcn act.
The first contract was let in S-te;. lumber of the
net year and, on June 17, 1 ffO.".. an iumortant
I ri' ct in Nevada was formally opened.
Progress Its been rapid rnd the u-.'tivlties
of the bureau' have i,een extended to 20 or
more proj els, which to date have involved the
c.! i'M.!ili;re of r !' ).nnf,0.0. In t,V seven and
oti.;-l.a!r yeari of its work the service ha-, built
t,:i:. miies of canal. Placd end to end, these
canals would reac'i fro il Washingi on . to San
Fratuisro and back to New Orleans. Several
of these canals carry whole rivers.
It. has excavated 17 miles of tunnels.
r.efero the end of the year it will have com
pleted four of the highest dams in the world.
Its excavations of rock and earth amount to
the enormous total of CO, 000,000 cubic yards.
Its roads have a total length of 417 miles;
telephones, 1,127 miles; levees, 70 miles.
It has purchased 915,751 barrels of cement
and has manufactured in Its own mill 340,000
barrels. As a result of Its work water is avail
able for 750,000 acres on 13,000 farms.
The gross value of crops produced on the
lands irrigated by the government projects In
1910 was $14,038,000. As a result of the work
of the government It Is estimated that land
values have Increased more than $105,800,000.
The reclamation service Is entering 1910
with money and pianB for completing moBt of
Us larger and unfinished masonry structures
and with about three-quarters of a million of
acres of arid land under irrigation.
It will finish this year the great Roosevelt
dam in Arizona, one of the most maBslve In
the world. It has completed the Shoshone
dam. In northern Wyoming, the highest struc
ture of its kind ever built; the Pathfinder
dam, in southern Wyoming, and the Laguna
dam. in Arizona. It will for the first time
utilize the Gunnison tunnel, whose completion
was celebrated by President Taft.last summer.
The funds available for construction are
somewhat less than In previous years, and the
organization, which Is very elastic, has been
cut down to fit reduced expenditures. About
fifty Bkllled men engineers, experts and tech
nical assistants have either sought private
employment, have been transferred to other
bureaus of the government or put. on ' fur
lough, In order to keep the overhead charges
consistent with the expenditures.
Reviewing the history of the reclamation
service as a liole, Its maximum activity and
expenditures were In the year 1907. In 1902
the expenditures were less than $100,000, and
in 1903 less than $1,000,000. In 190 1 they were
$2,500,000; In 1905, $5.000.r.00; in 1900, a little
less than $10,000,000; In 1907, nearly $14,000,
000. Then the expenditures decreased to
$10,000,000 in 190S, to ubout $9,000,000 in 1909,
and in 1910 they will be a little under $8,000,
000. It Is expected that in 1911 they will
shrink to about $7.000, 00i, which sum will
probably continue to be available during after
year', assuming that tho water-right charges
are paid as they fall duo.
jiiQWL 6TJ)AJf IN 'INK WOJZJU),
7U. i'IIO.VIOY MAW, WYOXIMC?
This is the most
critical period In
the history of na
tional irrigation
since the passage
of the reclamation
act, in lvsj2. l!y
public notices of the
secretary of the in
terior, issued last
year, hundreds of
water-right install
ments, involving ap
proximately $1,000.-
000. became due on
April 1, 1910. That date is a memorable one,
not only to the settlers, whose entries are
liable to cancellation for failure to make the
payments due, but also to the reclamation
service, which is concerned in securing the re
turn of its investment in the engineering
works. It is also a matter of interest to citi
zens of the number of sections containing fea
sible projects, the construction of which cannot
be undertaken without additional funds. As
the repayments are made through the local
land offices and not directly to the service,
some time must elapse before the actual
amounts collected are known. On a number of
the projects, like Sun River, Shoshone and
Huntley, the settlers have already made their
Initial payments and will not be delinquent
on the eeond Installment until April, 1911,
which enables them to market two crops be
tween payments. On several other projects,
such as the Minidoka, Klamath, Lower Yellow
stone, Belle Fourche, Carlsbad, Truckee-Car-son.
North Platte and others, the first settlers
have had the nse of water for two cropB, and
It Is probable that a majority will be able to
meet their obligations without difficulty.
Dot;'.!' ,d reports from various sources on
each of the projects have been received at
Washington. The conditions as a whole are
described as favorable for a large return to
the reclamation fund. On several of the
projects there will bs no delinquents. On a
number of projects the engineering work Is
not fully completed, but water Is ready for
large areas and is being supplied on a rental
basis pending the announcement of the actual
cost of water right. The reclamation service
has derived considerable revenue from these
sources and at the same time the farmers
have been enabled to Increase the areas In
cultivation. The following financial statement
Is Interesting ns showing the status of the
reclamation fund and the amounts which thus
far have been credited to It through the opera
tions of the reclamation service:
Total moneys received and transferred to
the reclamation fund from saleB of public
lands under reclamation act to February 28,
1910, $58,312,017.02. Approximately $4,500,000
are still In the treasury of the United States,
but not yet available.
Moneys received under operations of recla
mation act from all sources In cash and cred
its, for work done, $2,379,475.04, divided as fol
lows: Town-lot sales, $103,073.91; mlscellane-
"ZAZMirA
ijIaxk iccounr iff
TIIAZII COVSt TRY
collections on water rights. $814,115.34. This
does not Include any of the moneys collected
for tho water rights wlilvh were duo and ray
able April 1. 1010.
Among the several largo projects, one ol
especial ini located in northern Wy
oming. When the springtime showers and
sunshine fall upon the snowy peaks of the
lofty mountains on the eastern rim of Yel
lowstone park a thousand streams will rush
downwnrd to fill to brimming the swift-flowing
Shoshone river. An important physical change
will occur at that time. Tho flood that once,
unchecked and uncontrolled, swept madly
through the rock-walled gorge will beat itself
to stillness against a massive wall of concrete
with which man has blocked the canon. A
beautiful lake, 100 rect deep and covering toil
squnro miles, will appear.
In this wonderTul gash In the mountains,
with perpendicular walls a thousand feet high,
the government has erected tho highest dam
in tho world. It is a we.ige of concrete 323
feet from baso to top. Its height can only
be appreclate.l when compared with that of
some well-known structure. New York's fa-
. .. ..11 11.. nnt Pofll'll U.'(thtn
mous pint iron minding w"i " -
47 feet of the top of the dam, and tho tip-top
of the dome of tho United StateB eapuoi wouiu
fall short 21 feet of the parapet.
In the summer, when the crops are thirsty,
the big gates will bo opened and the pent-up
floods will be released Into the river below.
1 Another dam. a
low structure of
concrete, will di
vert the waters
through ft tun
nel miles
long into a canal
which for 40
miles passes
nlon the upper
edge of a broad
and fertile valley
containing 150,
000 acres.
Two years ago
It was a desolate
.waste. Today it
contains moro
than 200 farm
house's nnd three
thriving towns.
Ten thousand
acres produced
crops list 'ear
on this project.
With 1G farm
houses along
each mile of tho
main highways,
tho valley al
ready has a sub
urban appear
and;. More than 250
farm units of 40
to 89 acres each
are now avail
able to entry and
offer exceptional
oiiiiortunitics for
men of moderate means to secure homes in a
prosperous and growing country.
Close to the Black Hills, in South Dakota,
lies tho beautiful valley of Hello Fourche. con
taining 100,000 ncres of grass-covered prairie.
Many miles of canals have been laid across Its
level surface, and what was only a short time
ago tho finest free cattle range in this country
is rapidly becoming a compactly settled agricul
tural community.
An impressive engineering feature of thia
project is the Owl Creek dam, one of the long
est and highest earthen embankments in the
world. This structure, now Hearing completion,
Is 6,200 feet long, has a maximum height of 115
feet and contains 1,600,000 cubic yards of ma
terial. The Roosevelt dam, which is about com
pleted as you read the story today, Is In manr
respects the most remarkable structure of Us
kind In the world. Its lowering height, 280 feet.
Its length on top, 1,080 feet, the Inspiring scen
ery In which It Is located and the enormous ca
pacity of the reservoir created by It combine
to make It one of the most stupendous engineer
ing works of modern times.
Conceive, If you can, two valleys one 12
miles, the other 15 miles In length, and each
from one to three miles wide transformed Into
a lake 200 feet deep in places and containing
enough water to cover Delaware a foot deep.
The Salt River reservoir, when full, has a
capacity sufficient to fill a canal 300 feet wide
and 19 feet deep extending from Chicago to
San Francisco.
My one regret Is that the space allotted me
Is too little to permit me to describe the charms
and advantages of other projects of the govern
ment. I should like to tell you of the opportu
nities on the Klamath project, located in south
ern Oregon, in a region of unrivaled scenic
beauty; of the wonderful progress made in the
Ilolso valley, In Idaho, and tho promise of even
greater advance as the work of the government
nears completion; of the Ortand project, In the
Sacramento valley, the land of fruits and flow
ers; of tho Rio Crande valley, where thero will
one day be erected the most stupendous dam
in the west a rtglon In which irrigation began
before the Spanish Invasion, which will become
fruitful and prosperous.
Tho beacon of hope shines brightly in th
west. It beck'ins the landless man to the man
less land.
Played With Two Packs of Pasts
boards, With Cards to Each Player
Must Remember Prophecits.
This Is n memory ganje nnd very
amusing. It Is played with two packs
of cards of any sort, but they must be
exactly alike. One pa k is laid in a
heap, face down, in the middle of the
table. The other pack Is distributed
to the players, who lay them, faco up
ward, In rows. Each player should
havo not more than 12 cards, as It la
ibard to remember more than that.
Any one can begin by giving either
iu prophecy or a characteristic thus;
"Who will inherit a fortune Insido of
in year?" or, "Who will be the first In
'tho room to wear false teeth?" at tho
(Fame time turning up a card from the
, center pile.
' Whoever has tho card matching
this takes it, lays it face clown on top
of the card drawn from tho pile, say
ing: "I will bo tho first to wear false
teeth." or whatever tho prophecy may
have been.
The next In turn gives a character
istic, "Who hns tho worst temper?"
or "Who is tho most unselfish?" turn
ing up another card from the pile.
This Is matched In tho same way, nnd
the process continues around tho
circle until all tho cards are matched.
Then tho memory test comes. Every
player in turn tries to remember nnd
repeat all the prophecies and char
acteristics that have fallen to his or
her share, giving them aloud ns rapid
ly as possible. He is allowed for de
liberation on any one only the time
while ten is being slowly counted, or
ten Bcconds by the watch. The one re
membering tho most Is tho winner.'
', "V KYV
0
"I linlo a tiWp nw frock;
I'O raider nut bn ctenn:
I w int to play Kmi more;
I think It's uuful menu
"To li:iv to ho (lrrjiri1 up;
I'll iry out luiili my ejus;
I want to ko outdoors
Anil pinko sonic mure mud pls!
SOME SLIPS OF SCHOOLBOYS:
t.
IN THE ANTE-BELLUM DAYS
Supply of Ready, Money a Matter
Indifference to Rich and
Poor Alike.
of
According to George Cary Efgles
ton, Virginians of ante bellum daya
Showed great indifference in money
matter i. Money In the form of coin
was rarely seen;' the planters wer In
the bablt of writing checks on a slip
of foolscap. Instructing the bank to
please" pay the amount specified. Kg
gltston says: "This custom of paying
by check bi strongly commended It
self to a certain unworldly parson of
my time that he resorted to it on one
occasion In entire Ignorance and inno
cense of the necessity of having a
bank deposit as a preliminary to the
drawing of checks, lie went to Rich
mond aud bought a year's supplies for
his little place It was too small to be
ailed a plantation and for each pur
chase he drew a particularly polite
check. When the banks threw theso
out o:i the ground that their author
had no account the poor old parson
found the situation a difficult one to
understand. He had thought that the
very purpose of a bank's being was to
cash checks lor persons who hap
pened to be short of money. 'Why, 1
I'd had the money In the bank,' he ex
plained, 'I shouldn't have written tbe
checks at all; I should hsve got tbe
money and paid the bills.' Fortunate
ly tho matter came to the knowledge
of a well-to-do and generous planter
who knew T'arson J., and who hap
pened to be In Richmond at the time.
His Indorsement made the checks good
and saved the unwordly old parson a
deal of trouble."
Bride and Groom.
He carries two new grips and two
umbrellas.
He offers her bis arm.
Bne carries nothing but a bos of
candy, and invariably wears a small
hat, a veil, and a corsage bouquet.
He's clean shaven, and wears, be
sides immaculate linen, a careworn,
worried expression.
He pulls out his watch, presumably
to see how much of the honeymoon Is
left.
When be registers at the hotel the
"and wife" Is written twice as large aa
hU own name.
She never falls to ask how -many
lumps of sugar be takes In his coffee.
Judge.
BLACKSMITH WAS HONEST ONE
Would Not Take Advantage of Farmer
Wha had Figured Inaccurately
How He Did It.
A farmer took five pieces of chain
of threo links each to a blacksmith
Pieces to be Welded.
and inquired the cost of welding them
Into one chain.
Tho blacksmith remarked; "I chargo
five cents to cut a link and five cents
to weld a link."
"Then, as you will have to make
four cuts and four welds tho charge
will bo 10 cent?" said tho farmer.
2 3
Honest Way of Figuring.
"No, no," replied tho man of tha
sinewy arms, "I only make it 30
cents."
How did tho blacksmith work this
out? Seo the illustration for tho solution.
AIRSHIPS BOOM KITE TRADE
In France Makers cf Toys Are Pros
pering c'lever With Bamboo
Frames of Tight Silk.
"We aro not taking the Interest in
flight that we should," said nn aviator.
"France, where the Wrights are estab
lished, to our shurae, leads the world
in aearonautlcs, nnd in consequence
tho French kite business has grown
like nn 111 weed.
"Kltemnkers have sprung up every
where In Franco. Their little shops
are full of blue bamboo poles, bolts of
scarlet silk and blue muslin, and in
show cases lie folded kites that are as
big, outspread, as an aeroplane.
; "In studying the air, one must begin
with the kite, as in studying mathe
matics one must begin with arithme
tic. "Tbe French kltemaker is prosper
ing nowadays, and clever he Is, too,
with bis bamboo frames and curving
planes of tight stretched silk.
"Howlers" Which Invariably Raise a!
Hearty Laugh and Contain
Some Unconscious Humor.
The schoolboy "howler" is always)
popular. The following select ionsr
from a large number which were sent
In for a prize competition arranged
by tho "University Correspondent",
aro excellent examples of tho mis-t
takes which pupils perpetrate:
Women's puff rage Is the stato or
suffering to which they were born.
The earth is an obsolete spheroid.
Lord Raleigh was the first man to
seo the Invisible Armnda.
Shakespeare founded "As You Liko
It" on a book previously written by
Sir Oliver Lodge.
Tennyson wroto "In Memorandum."
King ICdwnrd IV. had no claim by
geological right to the English throne.
t'.eorge Eliot left a wife and chil
dren to mourn hi3 genii.
The capital of Russia is St Peters-,
burg on thH Duma.
The test act of 1C73 was passed to;
keep Roman Catholics out of publlc;
houses.
Henry I. died of eating palfreys.
Louis XVI. was gelatlned during thei
French revolution.
The Rhine Is boarded by woodeni
mountains.
Gender shows whether a man la
masculine, feminine or neuter.
James 1. died from argue.
An angle is a triangle with only twu
sides.
Geometry teaches us how to bisex
angels.
Parallel lines aro tho same distance
all the wny, and do not meet unless
you bend them.
Tho whale Is nn amphibious ani
mal because It lives on land and dies
In the water.
A parallelogram Is a figure made
of four parallel' straight lines.
Horsepower Is the distance one
horso can carry a pound of water In
an hour.
The magnesium salt In the sea cre
ates the effervescence when the tldo
comes In.
If the air contains more than 100
per cent, of carbolic acid It is very In
jurious to health.
Gravitation is that which if thero
were none we rhould oil fly away.
Martin Harvey invented the circu
lation of tin; blood.
A deacon Is tho lowest kind of
Christian.
Tho isles of Greeco wero always
quarreling ns to which was tho birth
place of Homer; Chaos has the most
right to claim him.
HI3 GAME.
There's a wonderful, funny gams I play.
And you may If you wlHh;
I'm the One and Only Original
Great Monster Bathtub Flah!
Nurse says It really seems
Aa If that bath held oceans and floods
And waterfalls, aeaa and atreama.
I p1ah and roar and snort and kick
And howl and apout and buck.
Till nurne thlnka If ahe's left alive
Bhe hoa the greateat luck.
Jum try a bit of the game yourself.
The things you need are few:
A waterproof nurae, a great big bath.
Strong lunga and a muacle or two.
Proved His Relationship.
Once the proud duke of Somerset
employed the eminent artist of his
day, Seymour, to paint a room at his
country seat In Sussex. Having In
vited the artist to his table, he one
day drank to him, saying:
"Cousin Seymour, your health."
The painter replied: "My lord, I
really believe that I have the honor
of being of your grace's family.
This hurt the pride of the duke so
much that he roBe from the table and
ordered his steward to pay Seymour
and dismiss him. Finding, however,
that no one In England could com
plete the picture begun, he conde
scended to send for his cousin.
' Tho painter responded to the mes
jsago in these words:
; "My lord, I will now prove that I
am of your grace's family, for I
won't come."
Schools of Europe.
Many schools in Germany and
"Switzerland ofTer courses of Instruc
tion In tho art of waiting at table. The
Lausanne high school goes still fur
ther In this direction, and undertakes
to teach tbe complete science of hotel
peeping. This Includes thorough profl
.clbucy In four languages, bookkeeping,
geography, training In deportment, the
study of hygiene aud knowledge of
gymnastics, calisthenics and dancing.
USEFUL BOX FDR FISHHOOKS
So Simple In Construction That Any
One Can Put One Together
Keep Lines In Condition.
Every fisherman knows how annoy
ing It la to find the gut lines of his
fishhooks dried Into all sorts of an
gles, as happens when they are wrap
pod wet around a piece of card or
board. To prevent this a New Jersey
man bas Invented a case for the books
which not only keeps tbe guts moist,
but keeps each hook separate, and the
desired one may quickly be selected
without having to untangle It from tbe
Each Hook Kept Separate.
rest. This hook box Is so simple In
construction that any angler may
make one for himself. Take an or
dinary tin tobacco box, preferably a
flat one, and divide It Into three com
partments by inserting two wooden
strips with slots along tbe top. In
the center compartment, which should
be as wide as the other two com
bined, place some material which will
hold moisture for a long time and
have a strip of the same material
fastened to the lid. The hooks should
then be laid away with the guts
stretched out on the moistening pad
and the metal extending Into the side
compartments.
He Was Willing.
A very small boy, to whom cake
was an unknown quantity, was per
mitted to have as a special favor a
crumb of his greataunt's famous old-'
fashioned fruit cake.
He swallowed the crumb with relish
and asked for more.
His mother gave him a very small
piece. "There, dear." she said, kind
ly, "I won't give you very much ot,
It." i
"Ob, I don't mind bow much yon
give me, mother dear," w- "weredi
promptly. "I like IX"
