United State
.1 n w
1
J? ft ASTEN5f)RirS
Work on tho Pnnnnia Cmii.i1 N t lie
hastened ami practical result nre to
le In evidence from this tiaioon. wo nre
Inlil. Impatience to "make the dirt
lljr" is said to have lncn tin; cause if
iMPii of the troubles during the A'-1
Uii' of the American occupation. l,a
l was only secured with dltliciilty,
for lliere Is n legend, more or les
foundisl on fact, that the French lcrt
a trail of corpses hi their wake. With
in n few miles In the Cutchrn Cut, It Is
Mild, 40,000 men died. White men
could not stand the malaria and yel
low jack which like a spectre of the
hlai-k dentil hovered over the Isthmus.
However, It was licllovod that modern
scientific method could lit least lower
the death rate to something like the
normal, and the first efforts were made
In (leaning out the cities at either end
of the line, and' In building hahitahlc
nnd .limitary homes for the men who
were to dig out the great ditch.
Two Canal Commission is divided into
three principal departments. Of these
Chairman Theodore I'. Shouts Is head
of the first, which is concerned with
the fiscal affairs of the commission nnd
the purchase and delivery of supplies.
The second department Is headed by
Charles K. Mngoon, who Is Coventor of
tli Canal .one, in addition to the nd
ni.Aistratlon and enforcement, of law,
i.'iffi has charge of the Important work
of sanitation. The hitter now is prac
tically left to the direction of Col. W.
C. Gnrgns, chief sanitary oilicer. The
third department has to do with tin
actual work of canal digging. This is
itlie engineers' department, mid comes
under the supervision of the chief en
gineer, John F. Stevens.
Doctor Gorgas' sanitary squad has
thus far done considerable toward giv
ing the fatal district n dean hill of
health. With great regularity houses
are fumigated, nil rain liarrels are cov
ered, nil puddles or ponds treated so
that mosquitoes do not. breed, unci
wnerc necessary imecteii luiiliniigs are
turned.
Stevens found two great prob-
' .-A 6J): tj&r
lems confronting him when he took
charge of the engineering department.
One of these was the lack of organiza
tion nnd the other the lalxir problem.
Hod tape ruled everywhere mid caused
costly and vexatious delays: steam
shovels wcr Installed, hut could fill
the ears more quickly than the dint
could is removed, for the tracks were
always blocked. Consequently, owing
to lack of railroad facilities, there was
seldom more than two shovels work
ing at one time in the Culebra Cut.
The dirt was being made to fly, but
the movement was sjM-ctacular rather
than practical. At the rate things were
going the canal would have cost many
times more than the estimated cost
and required a generation to complete.
F.lovon steam shovels were working
In the Culebra Cut, which Is about sev
en miles long, and about 8.000 men,
two-thirds of thein Jamaican negroes,
were slowly 'going to sleep over their
task.
This state of affairs Is being reme
died. Many new American dredges
have been installed, additional railroad
facilities hnve been constr icted so that
the loaded cars can he quickly taken
away and empty cars put in their
places. Alioiit oO.OI 10,000 cubic yards
of earth and rock have to be removed
from the divide, now known as the
Culehrn Cut. The steam shovels ac
complish an astonishing amount of dig
ging in a few minutes, but the ques
tion of what to do with the dirt thus
displaced will oou require a serious
answer.
More Important at the present, how
ever. Is the question of labor. As hn
Ismmi said, the Jamaican negroes okiu
whom so ninny hopes were bail!., hav
been proved to lie a failure. A loeont
visitor to the Canal r.one says: "Th
commission Is unfortunate In that til"
Jamaica negro Is the most easily ob
tained workman for common 1j!oi He
Is a happy, laughter-loving pi".-iX.ii, fl'ld
he run staud'the climate, hut fcero his
eulogy switches to profn'iUy oremen
say that he is absolutely !.! luzlc.
brute of the !U!ii:in klrii)vv. III! In
genuity Is UMuin-puss.'d fcr r.'oloiifiir.K
a single, simple motion, tn:.-'t ;i U'H
lug a drill, Into n owiywi nr.e tS
time-killing processes. U Itinlcs Uwr
lug n quarter minute worth whl.'. KxJ
does It whenever the boss ! not Xot
ing. When it rains he "J"
lowed to stop, l,is other excuses fr.r
not working are Innumerable and con
stantly employed. Already such work
men have received hundreds of dollars
for which they have given no value.
He fore the canal Is completed the
amount thrown away by us on these
negroes will climb to n staggering fig
ure unless some reform takes place."
It Is estimated that between 13.000
and JO.000 uieu will be needed event
ually, but at present the commission
has been testing the various kinds of
obtainable laltor. The need of the
canal grows more urgent every day.
I'nder the best conditions eight years
probably will be necessary to complete
the work, and It seems to have been
demonstrated that a much longer pe
riod will be necessary If the rendition
which have existed are to continue.
BRITISH ARE WRATHY.
Itexrnt Allrmit to 'lumper with the
KiifCliKh L,niiuruai;'e.
ew and, to Americans, a scjiip
what humorous light has been cast up
on President Koosovelt's efforts to sim
plify spelling In the
English language
by the utterance of
Judge Lambert
Tree, Chicago's dls
tingnished states
man citizen, win
has returned from
a four me.nths' so
journ in Kngland.
According to Judg'
Tree the Hrltl.di
nation is more stir
red up over the
JUDUK TKKK.
"iiin)Ie method of spelling" than it has
been ninee the Alabama award, or the
Venezuela war scare.
While the humor of the sitmiticji ap
peals more strongly to Judge Tree than
my other phase of the subject, because
the Knglish themselves take It so seri
ously. It also has another side, In that
It casts a new light on the Knglish
rhnnieter. Hecauso the utterance has
'.omo from the man who.ni the Knglish
regard as the ruler of the United States.
iU argument to convince them that
:lm President's dictum possesses m
uvfre force than the opinion of one man
Uave no weigiit. Fej the time being.
Judge Tree declares the Knglish press
das shelved all utterances concerning
the beef question and the papers are
.levying their time to excoriating thr
oiawh has the temerity to tamper
with the language of S links pen re and
Chaucer, Sir Walter Scott and Dickens.
That the Knglish of Chaucer differs in
as many respects from the Knglish cf
Dickens as some of Mr. Koosovelt's
amended words differ from present da;'
spelling has no weight. He declares tli t
iolish journalists lire falling itr.-f
l"roisoIves to unsay iniiny of the Iklner
favorable to the I'resldent that tiiey
have been writing toy the last few
rears.
The lupureul limnlurunt (iirl.
ltobert Watchorn, the 'ouimissioiier
of immigration, has made n sympathet
ic and thorough studyof tl:e immigrant
tyies that reach New York.
1 liscnsising these tyjK's the other day,
he said;
"Tim most naive mv the Ocriunns
from the smaller nnd remoter states.
They have the charmingly simple mid
liuiint minds of children.
"A. !eautiful German girl disembark
ed here the other day. She was tall
nnd strong, blue-eyed and yellow-haired.
She wanted to know nt once If
there were any letter for her.
"The jiostmaster at the pier.
getting Her name, said, iy
joke:
"'In II a business or a
,Pi;it you expect?'
"The girl faltered.
"A business letter.
"'Well, there's nothing here.' said
the man, after looking over tha assort
ment. "Tim girl hesitated. Then, blushing
jih red as a roe, she said :
"'Would you mind Just looking
aiiMuig the love letters, sir';' "
rrac-tlcul.
"I'm suro iny --year-old son Is going
to hve good busiuess ability," said the
pro'Kl father.
J. "What's tho rensoii?' asked a frbnd.
V tried uvery way to for him to
op putting his thumb in iiu mouth.
but he never paid th;- least attention
to im i!l 'e otTere.l t buy him off. '
Ietro!t Fre- I'revs.
Kviry lime we tee a fat dim rclliii-
over, w itxvy hiui tin pleasure.
way
after
of a
WHAT IT MAY MEAN.
Whea tho railways of the country adojit eleotr.Vi'.y ";itead of stuam,
wo fear there will bo shocking times for o.iv f.-ienta, L-i stranded actora
Terre Haute Tribune.
THE NtWSEOYS' FRIEND.
(tone Wolf Hail IOOOII C.ut-Ht livery
'riuiiiUiil vIiik liny.
Isaue Wolf, kne.wii for twetity-tlve
jvars as "the newsboys' friend" because
of the Thanksgiving dinner be had giv
en every year ti
the thousands of
ls)ys who sell news
papers In Chicago,,
is dead. Mr. Woolf
was horn In l.o.i
don. Kng., In lS.'.O.
I and when a bov
i came to America
i with his parents,
j who settled In I.n-
fayette. Ind. At
the age of 10 he be
gan to aid In thf
ISAAC ww.r.
love letter
support of the family by selling papers
The struggles and hardships c.f tlw;
street waif's life make a lasting Im
pression on his mind, and he vowed Hint
lie would make it one of his chief aims
in life to give a big dinner once a yc.cr
lo newsboys. If be ever should achlm"
success. How well be succeeded In til s
ambition Is part of the history of
iiewsboydoin" In Chicago. In the late
'Tl's he started in business nt the north
east corner of West Madison and II. li
sted streets There 'he next fall h--gave
his first Th:iukglviug dinner to
the "newsies." He fed about Km t!e
tirst year, but gradually the number f
wnlfs for whom he annually played he.st
Increased until in the last few years
lias bad 10.IX0 Thanksgiving guests, and
the expense for each feed reached $5
000.
One of Mr. Woolfs last acts v us t)
hold a conference with Ills brother and
arrange for a continuance of the annual
feast after his death.
Kmri llnir Millluu Lives.
Over COO.Mio coplo In New York
City owe their lives t the Health De
partment. ny W. (I. Fitx-Cerald. iu
''wbiilcal World Magazine. Dr. Hriggs
I uidouhtMtly s'ives every year tho livet
I of thousands of Atncrlcuii babies by
his system oi' .'r
This bright hoi-.J
vogue here mid In
pean cities.
tl'.o jelncipiil Kuro
inspecti: n ;iini.
hope from Si'V
iork ( :ty colics in a givi. relict' after
tiie hue and :;. over h:ul food '.viiicli
bis been rnis.-.i sim-ir the publl' f tbi;i
(,? "The J-.i i-!.-." The people A tkd
l.'nitcd sta. 's are chiuiorluu fjr i
knowledge (.:' ti e working' of l iio inue!
nialigned Hcaitli Deiiartuient. It, on;
cities, and tlie Technical World Maga
zine comes forward with mi tii!!bnriti'.
tlve article on that Important branch
of the service. "Milk Inspection in
Cities." Anybody can have :he r.iilk
he buys Inspected free of chaise by the
department, anil satisfy hii.i-.elf as to
whether he Is getting un i.dult.-rated
product. A careful coii!.'irVou 1,.; made
between the system of 'i.spectlon In
Ili'liiuaU (nr .Hoi- I'm.
Samuel I.iKiu, wIjk rvp.-esiMt large
fur Interests and Iian charte of sup
dying the trudc, rciioris greatest d
maud for fur is. l'.:e liist iry . of the
country.
"In the last three years the tleni in.l
lor fur in the 1'uitcd States has In
creased more than ''U0 per cent. n
ditfiiinid is so large that It cannot be
met at all, iii.il the result has been
to increase enormously the prico of
tkius.
"A large amount of the furs of he
I'nited States art- being imported from
Itussia. which shows a (.ivat (hiii.e,
us formerly we relied In this country
to n great degree on the furs of our
own continent. The seal have been
slaughtered In recent 3 earn hi Iflrse
numbers, and although there seems to
Is 110 sign of mi early extinction of the
animals, the skins ure not so common
us formerly. More and more tho trado
Is looking to the countries of northern
Kurope for their fine skins. San Fran
cisco Chronicle.
Most men :hls reporter asks for
news, say: "No. I'm so busy haren't
had time to hear anything." How busy
every man thinks he Is!
HER LITTLE MAN.
F'rrnrJi tVtfe with Anr Sinner Hum
Not Waat lllm to Work.
Frenchmen would sink Into Innocu
ous desnetude, snys the ltoston Herald,
were it not for their females. Paris,
In particular, Is the paradise of tlio
lncouiS'teiit and la.y good-looker.
And, n'nlly, when a young husbnnd
brings a lump sum equal t' his wife's
dot, our American Ideals may renin iu
shocked at his contented lar.lness. hut
wo find It hard to criticise with logic.
Pretty little Agnes H , for exam
ple, had a JJO.Ooo marriage portion
from her mother and she was engaged
to Paul O . ,
"Do yon give her only $'jo.000?" ask
ed Paul's mother. "Make It $.-.0.1x10
and I will give Paul the same."
Agnes' mother remaining obdurate,
nnd Paul's refusing to make au un
equal bargain, the young folks started
life on S'-UOOO each In gilt-edged bonds,
producing tho Joint income of $1"00
and here comes the jKilnt. Paul had
promised Agnes not to work.
"If I quit father mid mother It will
not be to live my days alone," she said,
while to Paul (die murmured : "Vuii
will rather lie with me all day than to
go out and make money '!"
After mnrrlage it was up to Paul to
make good.
"Hut we have only $l.r00 n year."
he argued, nnd being tempted of the
devil he accepted u congenial situation
nt per. And his young wife fell
sick of It.
Ills own mother was uneasy and his
inother-ln-lnw scolded. Ills oongcnhtl
occupation ought to bo to jolly Agnes.
Agnes grew anaemic, pined, had head
aches nnd emotional anxiety.
In the end they had to spend $l.'J(Mi
in traveling to get her health back.
Paul no longer works, and nil -is well.
No other country has anything like
this proitortlon of IncouieH from long
family accumulations, where breaking
Into capital Is considered n crime.
One consequence Is that women quite
us frequently its men may hnve their
own revenues.
Now, us Jules Simon pointed out. the
French married woman wishes, above
all. security for the enjoyment of her
"little mnn." She fears change and Is
an enemy to enterprise. A French girl
with $'.10,000 marriage portion will cer
tainly prefer a husband bringing the
same or more on eonOMtlon that he be
"serious" say nt once, obedient.
P,y having a sure Income of her own
of, say, $730, idle will just as certainly
prefer an obedient young husband earn
ing $10 tier week In tif government
olllce w ith short. hours and a moderate
pension, to a hustler who might double
or quadruple her capital. And If she
has $1,300 per year she will still more
certainly prefer an obedient young bus
bn;l earning nothing to n wonder of
enterprise who Is always at his olllce!
This explains the Immense vogue In
France of those professions called "of
perfect repose." The phrase "refers to
repose of mind In that these professions
seldom tempt men to risk capital In in
vestments; but repose of body Is no
stranger to their walks. They are army
officer, government functionary (one
French voter In ten Is a government
functionary), barrister, doctor, en
gineer nuil university professor.
Engineers, either of civil or military
specialties or of private enterprises, nro
quoted high, hut rather special. Often
they are men who work. Sometimes
they have opportunities to invest money
advantageously. It Is a trifle too un
certain, too energetic, too masterful.
The mass of young Paris doctors,
barristers, functionaries, professors
and all army ollicers can be depended
on to make model French husbands. I
know the case of a young doctor whose
ambition Is to write a lmok 011 French
watering places. To my certain knowl
edge he has three fine girls with ample
marriage portions chasing after him.
The mother of one said the other day :
"I told hlin I would make licrthe's
portion $i!3,000 nnd pay my own ex
penses if lie would agree on his word
of honor that I should go with them."
"A dream of happiness!" her gossip
replied. "Your daughter pigeonholed :
a swell son-in-law, with nothing to do.
always beside you."
"And the relations, my dear think
of his relations! (She referred to his
professional relations.) We would lilt
from one watering place to another,
hotels nt half price, douches and in
halations for nothing, jump Immediate
ly Into the best medical sets of Vichy,
Hourbouile, Triage, Conlrexevllle, Vlt
tel. Plomblcres."
"While he Is writing his book?"
"Kxactly, my dear! Provided he
doesn't write it too quickly! If he mar
ries Hcrthe I'll see to that!"
She need not worry. The young fel
low will see to it himself that nook
will be his life work; that and the
dally jollying of llerthe.
'J' he 1'uhU lie -NrcdeU.
"When I was a little fellow 1 was
Inclined to wait to lie coaxed," relates
a learned and successful limn in mi ex
change. "I remember sitting beside th.
brook one day while the older childrci,
were building a dam. They woi
wading, carrying stones, splashing th.
mud nnd shouting orders, but none o
t Iii-iii paying any attention' to me.
began to fis-l uhuscd mid lonely, an.
was blubbering over my neglected con
dltion when Aunt Sully came down th.
roud :
"What's the matter, sonny V Wh.
ain't you playln' with the rest?'
"'They don't want me,' I said, dig
ging my lists into my eyes. "J'hey ih-v
er ask nie to come."
"I exs'cted sympathy, but she gnvi
ii)t nil Impatient shake and push. 'It
that all, you little ninny? Nobod;,
wants folks that'll sit around on 1
bank, mid wait to be asked,' she crleo
'Hun along with the rest, and uuiki
yourself wanted. '
"That shake nnd push did the work
lteforc I had time to recover from m.
indignant surprise I was In the mlddh
uf the stream, mid soon was as busy iu
the others. Hut for that shake am.
push I might be neglected and wait in
to this day. It's the people who'll bel
push Instead of walling to lie pusho,
thut make the worthwhile citizens."
Br. I-ouis Kcpublic.
A boy with a dog chasing a cat can
hae more feu than n uiuu can have
lu a yeur.
Opinions of Great Papers on Important Subjects.
GRAND ARMY ENCAMPMENTS.
F the annual encampments of the Urn ml
Army veterans served 110 other puriose
they would Ih Invaluable for the Influence
they exert as visible evidences of the na
tion's strength mid vitality. At 11 time
when the public Is absorbed In the contem
plation of diverse troubles, ixilltical mid
commercial, they disclose the presence of a national spirit
which took us through an upheave! far greater nnd more
terrible thnn any ierll now even remotely seen. It may
lie doubted whether any other event of the year does so
much to correct our historical persiss'llve nnd enable us
to f-ee thlngt in their true relation as doe th's annual
reunion 01 the u!il soldiers.
The final abandonment of the encampments, when it
becomes necessary to discontinue them, will be a distinct
loss to the nation, depriving It of tin object lesson which
bus been stimulating und helpful and could be given lu
no other way. The mere sight of the aging veterans on
parade is something to stir the Imagination and kindle
anew the fires of loyalty nnd national pride. No com
memorative custom or memorial service which may be
adopted In later years will take the pliuv of the sight of
the soldiers themselves.
There is added reason, therefore, why each of the en
campments to ome should be made the occasion for such
a demonstration of deep and tender Interest as that which
lias greeted the veteran In their meeting at Minneapo
lis. Not on sentimental grouudtj ulone, but for reasons
of practical fsdicy, we cannot well make too much of
these meetings or cherish their memory too carefully.
Chicago News.
EDUCATING FARMERS DAUGHTERS.
UK question of how to educate the daughter
& H I of farmers for the real duties of life has
I been solved by the government of Hclglutn.
I u,.l..,..l, I...... 1.,.,,,, 1. .iir
A I " ft, ItlMM. I!,,,,- .-- Itt 1,1 litllt-ll III ll-
ferent sections for the purpose of giving
girls instruction in the many branches of
agriculture and home housekeeping, (iirls
nre admitted to the schools when fifteen years old, and
kept in training for ten mouths. During that time they
are expected to study nnd master the elements of agri
culture, dairy farming, housekeeping and accounts, and
lie prepared to go out In the world mid practice the les
sons taught. In many instances becoming teachers.
Belgium Is a thickly-populated country. There are nu
merous cities and towns that tempt the young people to
leave the farms. The daughters of well-to-do farmers
nre Inclined to take life easy mid try to live above work
ing on the farm. It was to correct this growing evil that
the new schools were Instituted. Kvery school admits
Ufteon pupils. Kvery girl has a r.mni to herself, and
must take proper care of It while she remains a student.
AH are dressed alike, and their clothing Is made of ordi
nary tnnterinl. A term of ten months generally enthuses
the pupil with a liking for the farm, and results lu keep
ing the girls at home mid benefiting the country by their
lives of usefulness.
Modern life on the farm should be enl icing to the sons
and daughters of tho country. It certainly presents ninny
attractions not found In tlie pioneer days of agriculture.
There is n hope fur homes and happiness lu (he future
thnt cannot be held out lu the marts of commerce. Any
. system of educating that teiids to training the minds of
pupils In a different direction Is not to be com
mended. The world of humanity must become n
home-loving mid homc-hulldliig spulatlon to Insure
peace nmong the many families. There are more
opportunities on the farm for getting nn iaterest In
the laud than iu any ownpntinii offered enterprising
young people. There Is a future in agriculture far wom
en. It has opiRirtunlties for advancement In every legiti
mate field of human endeavor. Thnt work should not
lie overlooked by any parent or guardian. -Seattle Post-Intelllgencer.
T
DIRECTORS WHO DO NOT DIRECT.
II K summer season Is usually uneveutful In
the financial world, but developments of
late have attracted world wide Interest. The
I'nited States has seen two demonstrations
IT'I&aVI?! of fretiled llniin-e, in the destruction of a
'""Ml.l , 1 - . ,. ....
v uicagu iiiiik nun n great rmuucipmu
banking nnd real estate loan concer. Hun
dreds of poor iieople have found their linrd-enrBed sav
ings swept away, and the newspapers are agnU busily
discussing that great financial menace, "the director who
does not direct." Well known and able flnuBders of
Philadelphia were on the honrd of the trust cvmpany,
and regularly the late president showed them large pack
ages i-ontaliilng the company's securities all "RUt-edged."
So said the president. Not one of those well known und
able financiers ever dreamed of Investigating the pack
ages; mid for nil the directors knew the packages, rep
resenting the foundation of the whole structure, might
have contained sawdust.
The truth was nt Inst revealed, hut not through any
'menial efforts of tho directors. The suicide of the un
fortunate president started nn investigation, quickly dls
closing a state of affairs thnt might never hnve material
ized had the directors fully appreciated the Importance of
their trust. This, nnd many other similar disasters have
develod such an obvloijs moral that a new era must
come nn era lu which directors, whether of the Hunk of
Kngland, or of a concern eapltnliy.od nt $3,000, will exer
cise n vigilant safeguard over the interests of alt who nre
dependent upon their company's success. Montreal Star.
TALK IT OVER WITH YOUR WI1E.
jllKNKVKIt n man with a wife and family
A 1 hecomes a criminal, he inflicts cruel sufTer-
W w I ,,K! ,,,Hm tl, l",u,n,,,t- These silent snf-
I ferers deserve the deenest Avmnnthv. Thn
DHMHHSU " . .- '
iS?CQl "lli,,,rj" ' ,M" endure cannot be appreciated
?-ftHtl by those who have never pnssed through
such n harrowing experience. It is lament
able that so few men observe the rule wnlch Tacitus Bays
was observed by the old Oermnns, "In nil important mat
ters they consult their women." The blasting f tunny
a man's reputation, once fair and unspotted, might hnve
been prevented If he had made a confidant of his wife
lu Ills business affairs. Defalcations, ombezzletuentx, be
trayals of trust mid other criminal ni ls committed lu the
feverish haste to get rich quickly lu ninny Instances
would not have hi"cn engaged In If the wife had been
consulted before the first wrongful or doubtful step had
been taken.
Most women have swift Intuitions In matters Into
which tho moral law enters. Few of them are skilled
in finance, yet tho foundation of the financial success of
very many men lies lu the prudent counsel nnd manage
ment of the wife. Numbers of our most successful busi
ness men owe their good fortune largely to the encour
aging or restraining advice of their wives in nil imiiort
mit crises In their affairs. As one of tho chief sufferers
when a false or Imprudent step is taken by the husband,
the wife is entitled to take tho place of counsellor nnd
guide whenever such aid Is needed. Philadelphia Ledger.
THE GERMAN EMPRESS IN COMMAND OF HER OWN REGIMENT.
it- 1 1 i V i
i 4$"., "WsT, 1; Af.rrvS : :
I '''V -WW,
.. .. 7!r: , . .: : i:'
At a review during the man.'uvers iu Silesia the Ger
man empress led her own regiment, the cuirassiers of
tho Garde du Corps, past the kaiser. The empress wore
the cuirassiers' uniform, but not the helmet, which was
replaced by n plumed hat. Tlie late Kmpress Frederick
usisl to take command of her own regiment of hussars,
whose uniform she wore. The empress takes an active
interest In military a flairs and Is a great studeut of his
torical works bearing on the wars cj Kurope.
HOW TO HOUSE POULTRY.
Ilalld a Srucur- wllh it South Krioil
aud ;miI llrniiiuue.
If houses for iMiultry are to be built
attend to tlie matter before col, I weath
er Interferes with outside work, says
Outing. Kverything should he in read
iness for your Hock by tlie coming of
cold weather. If yon have houses al
ready go over them ami see tli.tt tho.v
are In perfect ropalr.
In building the first thing to do Is
to select a proper location. The Ideal
one Is the south sox of a bill. The
next lest one Is a place protected from
cold winds by buildings on the north
and west. If no facilities for shelter
ure at bund the north wall of the build
ing must be made of extra thickness.
Kvergreeu trees make r.n excellent
windbreak, und I would ndvlse planting
them for future protect inn. no matter
how thick you make the walls of your
house.
Ho very sure that whatever location
you select has erfect drainage. This
is a mutter of the greatest importance.
Leading poultryiueu ngrco that more
sickness among fowls originates from
dumpnesM than from all other causes.
More and more the opinion grows
among practical poultry growers that
the best liouso for fowls consists of u
closed room In which they may roost,
lay rod reiuulu lu cold weather if they
choose to do so and a shed opening to
the soutli where they can scratch and
sun themselves to their liking, 'lliere
should he an opening between this shed
and the closed room through which the
fowls may have free egress during the
day, hut which should Ih closed ut
night lu cold weather and for the pro
tection of the liens from intruders. The
shed floor should be covered with chaff,
straw or leaves to 1 he depth of live or
six Inches. If road dust or sand Is
mixed with It the better the fowls will
he suited, if grain is s-attered over
the litter the fowls will busy them
selves scratching for II, and this npen
nlr exercise will be a strong factor In
keeping the Hock healthy. It will also
result In n larger yield of eggs If an
egg-producing diet Is given In connec
tion with It.
BRAZIL IS A GREAT LAND.
Area Knunl Thut uf tb- t tilled
Blnlva anil l'urt if tl.-iak.
P.rail has an area of :t,S(i,(ino square
miles, or that of the l iilted States with
half of Alaska lidded, says the Review
of Reviews. This Is, approximately.
five-sixths of the whole of Kuroiie, or
almost one hundred times the size of
tho mother country. Compared even
with Australia, liray.il not only holds
her ouii, but has a surplus area t'jnt
would overlap die State of Texas, w hile
on her own continent she almost equals "
the combined areas of tho other twelve
republics and colonies, one-half of Ar
gentina only having to be deducted.
1 his will readily be apparent on con
sulting an atlas, as will the euuallv
astonishing statement that her extreme
length from north to south is, approxi
mately, IlMVj degrees, or the distance
from the northern extremity of Maine
to tho coast of Venezuela. '
Finally, dividing the laud nrea of the
new world by language Into Knglish.
Spanish mid Portuguese (which in
cludes all but Hnytl and tlie small co
l.mlal holdings of France, Holland mid
Denmark , we arrive at tho following
reimnkable facts; The I'niteJ St.ites
with Alaska. Canada. Including tho
Islands within tlie great arctic circle.
Newfoundland, llrltlsli Guinea, Hrltlsli
Honduras mid the various Hrltlsh Isl
ands of the West Indies make 11 toul
of 4! jut ccit of tho while; te 1.x
Spanish sjK'aklng republics, with porti
Kleo. ,",( per cent. Hrazll alouo making
up the remainder, or 'J2 per cent. Anil
yet, to the average American the Por
tuguese language Is regu'deil practically
as a iiegllble quantity, while many of.
our exporters complacently classify
Hra.I1 as Spanish-French Guiana, as
too unimportant to occupy a yince by
Itself.
The only i-ecret on earth lit the uu
no one kuows hut yourself.