The monitor NEBRASKA’S WEEKLY NEWSPAPER DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF COLORED AMERICANS . ' 2 THE REV. JOHN ALBERT WILLIAMS, Editor $2.0# a Year—5c a j SB OMAHA, NEBRASKA, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 1925 Whole Number 541 Vol. XI—No. 21 to _____ ___ ___ Clif NEGRO STOREKEEPER SINCERELY MONRNED BY TOWNSPEOPLE Acclaimed in Death as Village’s Most Prominent Citizen and Greutest Public Benefactor LEAVES MUNIFICENT LEGACY L. John Wesley Underhill Bequeaths Large Fortune to New Jersey Village for Benefit of Children May* Landing, N. J.—This village of 2,500 inhabitants, many of them adher ents of the Ku Klux Klan, paid high tri bute today to John Wesley Underhill, who was the. only Negro resident of the com munity. The rich and poor of the vil , 1 age—Catholics, Protestants, town officials, and newsboys,—joined in singing and I whispering his praises as the body of j Underbill was laid to rest in Union Ceme tery after funeral sendees that were uni que, like the career of the man himself. In life, merely a haii-fellow-Vell met and never considered seriously by bis neighbors, be attained today the status of the village’s most prominent citizen. He has gone down in its history as its greatest public benefactor as one of the immortals. This posthumous fame was achieved by Underhill because of wliat his fellow villagers now call the noble deed of an honorable genlleman of color. Nobody knew much and perhaps cared less, about the affairs and thoughts that guided John Underhill through life, hut when he died Monday last the villagers were amazed to learn he had left a fortune of more than $100,000, nearly all of which was left for the improvement of the village and to provide the children better recreational facilities. This money will go chiefly into the con struction of a public gymnasium and the erection of a playground for children. In his will Underhill specified in detail that he believed the gymnasium should be erect ed in the new high school to lie built here. The playground is to be equipped with everything dear to the heart of children, from swings to shoot-the-chutes and slides. When the local business men, clergy men, and officials heard of Underhill s be quest they were aghast, as for years he had been living in their midst in a modest unassuming almost apologizing way as the only colored man in the town. He was a recluse. As a man of sixty he enjoyed no close friendships. But in the little store he erected here children used to come and talk to him and buy candy and sing and dance. I hey gladdened the heart of John. That he was colored made no difference to them. Stor ies are being told here today of how he would give children two sticks of candy for a cent. Many a ragmuffin, who look ed into the windows of his store long ingly at a cap pistol or a box of choco-! lates, had his great wish fulfilled through i the generosity of John. He was lonely. You see the great folks of the town never bothered him. no one asked him for opinions. But he often would jest almut being the only change of color hereabouts. But as John lay in his impressive coffin today there was a smile on his fare. It was as though he was enjoying his last laugh. For all the village is wondering now why John never let on before, why he kept so silent about a great ambition that was realized only in death. today the local paper contains two col umns about him. Today nearly every citizen in the community followed h is cof fin into the Atlantic County Court room here. For the first time in the history of the county such a service was held in the Court house. It was a community affair. His coffin was hanked with numerous flowers, and prominent among them was a wreath labeled "Our Citizen.” Men and women came up and gazed into his face and wept. Three preachers attended and took part in the funeral service#—the Rev. I)r. William Arthur Thomas of the Mays handing Presbyterian church, the Rev. I>r. T. Richardson of the Methodist Episcopal church, and the Rev. Father Frederick Hal loran of the Roman Catholic church. They hailed John Underhill as a great benefactor to humanity. They called him a good Christian. They pointed to him as the man who through his deed exemplified the spirit of tolerance. And all the time the man’s body re posed in the coffin with a smile on his face. "We now know,” said Dr. Richardson, with emotion, “that we lacked and miss ed our opportunity. He has shown us him self through his deed. He has shown us what the town really needs. We did not understand or fully appreciate him until now, and now we learn that the man who PROSECUTING ATTORNEY “DEFENDS" PRISONER New Orleans, La.— (By the Associated Negro Press! Notwithstanding the de claration of Frank De Rocha that lie “felt like killing a couple of niggers” which resulted in the brutal murder of John and Ernest Batiste on a street car near the immigration station the state attorney is not asking the death pen alty at the trial now on before Judge Humphrey in the criminal court. T)e Rocha is a blacksmith and somewhat of a local politician. In October of last year, just before the local campaign for the city election, he entered a street car. John and Ernest Batiste were occupying a seat in the rear end of the car. Filled with liquor, De Rocha stopped for a mo ment with a smile of contempt on his lips, and with the remark, “I feel like killing a couple of niggers this morn ing," drew his revolver and began firing; John Batiste grabbed the colored pas senger seat sign in self-defence, hut was shot down instantly; a second bullet caused the death of his brother Ernest a few hours later. The dying declaration of Ernest was to the effect that he begged De Rocha not to shoot his brother any more, and then the white man shot him. When the colored citizens of the State of Louisiana demand their right of suf frage and make their presence felt at the polls on election day the state authorities will then he compelled to ask for the same penalty for the murder of a Negro as they do for a white man. WILLIAM MATTHEWS WINS CASE FOR GOVERNMENT Lincoln,— (By the Associated Negro Press) Hon. William 11. Matthews, special assistant of the U. S. Attorney General, was selected to prosecute the case of two former officers of the City National Bank of Lincoln. They were L. J. Dunn and L. B. Howey, charged in the federal court with misapplication of iiie bunk's funds. The acceptance on their part of had pa pers which the directors of the institution had to make good was included in the charges. Under the skilful and able di rection of Mr. Matthews, the case was won for the government and the charges sus | tained. Dunn and Howey were forced to accept such fines as the court saw fit to | impose. The court penalized them $2,500 each. This is the first of the rases brought to trial by Mr. Matthews, the recognized national leader in the Negro Republican | group, since his appointment as special 1 assistant to the government’s legul forces. He made a fine showing during the trial. | NORTHERN DEMOCRAT FLIRTS WITH SOUTH New York, N. Y. (By the Associated Negro Press) Tammany Hall is stretch ing its political wings, according to ob servers here, ami the visit of the newlv elected mayor of New York, James Walk- J er, to the South, is interpreted as heing the first effort of New York’s Democrats to line up the South for the big fight in 1928. NECRO VOTERS HOLD BALANCE OF POWER IN LOUISIANA New Orleans, (By the Associated Ne gro Press) A movement is on foot to have all colored citizens, male or female, pay their poll taxes before the first of the first of the year in order to over come the “lily white” republican move ment now being organized in the state. There are sufficient colored voters it tney choose to exercise their right of fran chise to turn the tide of elections either way in Louisiana. went humbly amongst us had been think ing all the time of our welfare.” “He has taught us tolerance,” said Father Halloran. “He must have wanted to leave behind not merely a legacy of money, but of this lesson of tolerance." Dr. Thomas broke down and wept as he hailed the Negro in his eulogy as the best educated man, the most progressive business man and the ideal Christian of the village. A joint choir from the three churches of the village sang -''Lead Kindly Light" and “Abide With Me.” Women wept and children looked wonderingly at their elders and men bowed their heads. For John Underhill had been fooling them all the time he had been suffering a life of lonliness throughtout the years he was thinking of a great deed. Seven years ago he made his will and bequeathed what he had to the children of this city, with tile exception of two minor legacies to sisters in Nebraska. Since that time no one knew what was in the back of his head. They didn’t know the grand idea that dominated him, not until he died. Then it became known how John Underhill loved his village and all the people in it. WHITES GET WORSE AS NEGROES GET BETTER, SAYS JUDGE Greenwood, S. G—I By the Associated Negro Press) Negroes are getting better every day and white people are getting meaner and meaner in every way, Judge C. J. Ramsay told the grand jury here Monday morning in opening the November term of county court. Djuring the last sixteen years Judge Ramsay said he had been presiding over courts all over the state as a special judge and it was his observation that Ne groes are appearing in court much less than white people. Many of the crimes for which whites arrested are automobile stealing, moon shinging, and petty disputes with Ne groes. Mr. Allen Kennedy left Omaha last Saturday for St. Louis and Dayton, Ohio. While in Dayton, Mr. Kennedy will visit his sister, Mrs. Bertha White, who is ill. FLASH! i Detroit, Mich., Nov. 27.—(Spe- | cial to The Monitor.)—Jury in Sweet case reported unable to agree on verdict and was dis charged by Judge Murphy. HAD NARROW ESCAPE Mr. and Mrs. H. I.eland of North Thir tieth street recently returned from a hunting trip in the Sand Hills near Alli ance, Nebr. While away Mr. I.eland had a pretty close call and counts himself for tunate in being alive. He was caught in a blizzard and lost on the prairie nearly twenty four hours. His friends at Alli ance were much excited about his ab sence and told him that he should he thankful that he did not freeze to death. ROSAMOND JOHNSON’S PROTEGE MAKES GOOD New York—(By the Associated Negro Press) Making his first public appear ance as a singer, in New York, Taylor Gordon, a protege of J. Rosamond John son's, made a pronounced hit in his reci tal of Negro Spirituals, at the old Gar rick Theatre, down in West 35th Street, Sunday night. The singing of Mr. Gor don, whose program consisted of spirit uals in its entirety, was remarkable in view of the fact that he had never sung them before; but he had as a background the one and only Rosamond Johnson, wno not only accompanied him, but assisted in the singing as well. The theatre was packed and the singers were well receiv ed. Mrs. James W. Headley, of 917 North Twentieth street, was taken to the Me thodist hospital Tuesday where she is very ill with pneumonia. DEFENSE FUND GROWING STEADILY New York,—In the week just ended $4,319.83 has been contributed by people in all parts of the United States toward the $50,000 Legal Defense fund being raised by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 69 Fifth Avenue. This brings the total raised by the National Association and its Branches to date up to $10,342.43 and leaves the fund in the following position: Given by Garland Fund.$ 5,000.00 Ofiered in addition. 15,000.00 Required to meet offer. 30,000.00 Total .$50,000.00 Raised to date $10,342.43 Still to go.;.. 19,657.57 Among the large gifts toward the de fense fund receiver! during the week was: the R. W. G. Council, I. O. of St. Luke, Richmond, Va., $300; $200 voted by the vestry of St. Philip’s Church in New, York City; Mrs. Maggie Walker of Rich mond, Va., $50; Dr. A. A. Brill, noted alienist and widely known as the leading exponent of Dr. Freud’s psychoanalysis in America, sent his check for $20. Branch remittances toward the fund received during the week are as follows: Denver, $200; St. Paul, $375; San Fran cisco, $25; Arkansas City, $25.75; Zanes ville, Ohio, $82.52; Tekamah Couty, $25; Holyoke, $5; Chicago, $735; Indianapol is, $8.3.35; Hollidaysburg, Pa., $28.85; Fort Wayne, $21. Individual contributions ranging from one dollar to several hundred continue to come to the National Office of the Na tional Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Besides those men tioned above, individual contributors of the week include the following: Harold Cuinzburg, New York City, $50; The Mar tha Tabernacle No. 11, G. U. O., B. and S. of Love and Charity, New York City, $25; Mrs. Bessye Bearden, New York City, $25; Miss Nellie Calloway, New York City, $25; Mr. E. K. Alexander. New York City, $25; Mr. John B. Nail, New York City, $25; The United Sons of .Georgia, $20; Miss Caroline B. Chapin, Englewood, N. J., $25; Mrs. Daniel U' Day, Rye, N. Y., $25; Mr. Gaius C. Bo lin, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., $50; The N. C. Mutual Life Ins. Co., Durham, N. C., $25; Colored Men’s Council, Springfield. O. . $.W; Miss Laura Brown, Brooklyn, N. Y., $50; Miss Lucy Watson. Utica, N. Y.. $25; Hon. Franklin Fort, Washington, D. C, $100; Mr. S. A. Reed, Portsmouth, N. H., $25; Dr. Brann, Brooklyn, $50; Mrs. Lucy Fletcher-Shaw, New York City, $25; Dr. fi. W'. Wolfe, Newark, -100; Mrs. N. P. Hallowell, W. Medford, $150; Mrs. Helen D. Peck, Brooklyn, $25; The Provi dent Medical anil Dental Society, Brook lyn, $75. In connection with the growing inter est and the widespread contributions to the Legal Defense Fund to date, James Weldon Johnson, secretary of the National Association made the following statement: “No class of persons deserve more credit for the nation-wide response to the Na tional Association’s appeal for sinews of war than colored editors. Colored edi-1 tors throughout the country have realized the crisis which confronted the race and have practically united in throwing their weight and influence toward helping the National Association fight the battle of the race for full citizenship rights. “Editorials have been published from one end of the country to the other and it is our great regret that it has not been possible because of space limitations in our press service to reprint all the gener ous things that colored editors have writ ten and published. Colored people of America should realize that in their own newspapers they have one of the most potent instruments for enabling them to act as a united and irresistable force. On tile part of the N. A. A. C. P. I want to thank the editors who have served and are serving the race so well in this hour of crisis.” A MASS MEETING FOR DEFENSE FUND OF N. A. A. C. P. At a joint meeting of the Colored Ministerial Alliance and a committee of the Omaha Branch of the N. A. A. C. P. it was decided that both organ izations foster through one united ef fort a mass meeting for the raising of funds for the $50,000 defense fund inaugurated by the national office of the N. V A. C. P. To that end a mass meeting will be held in the St. John A. M. E. Church, Twenty-second and Willis avenue, Sunday, November 29th, at 3:30 p. m. at which the following program will be rendered: Program 1. Meeting called to order by the Rev. John Albert Williams, pres ident Omaha Branich N. A. A. C. P. 2. Song, “America”. | 3. Invocation, Rev. G. W. Day. 4. Introduction of Rev. J. H. Ellis as chairman of mass meeting by the Rev. John Albert Williams. 5. Remarks by the chairman. 0. Song, ‘National Anthem”. 7. Five-minute addresses— a) Rev. W. F. Botts. b) Chas. W. Dickerson, c) Dr. J. A. Singleton. d) A. M. Harrold. e) H. W. Black. f) Attorney D. H. Oliver. g) Dr. W. W. Peebles. h) Mrs. Kate Wilson i) Dr. L. E. Britt. 8. Benediction, Rev. C. A. Williams. CAPITALIZING THE WORD “NEGRO” A Brief for the Newspapers of Indiana polis, Indiana (By William Pickens for The Associated Negro Press) The Interracial Committee in Indiana polis, Indiana, asked the daily papers to capitalize the word “Negro”, in accord with grammar and common-sense, and the newspapers after listening to the oral statements, asked the Committee to pre sent a brief to all the newspapers, so as to bring the matter formally to the fore. William Pickens happened to reach In dianapolis for a day or so at this time, and the Interracial sub-committee, which had been appointed to get up a brief to present to editors, asked him to write a suitable one for them.—Following is the word which he presented: It was u custom growing out of Ameri can ^slavery to write the word Negro with a small “n” (negro). That custom had at least a semblance of reason in slavery days, but even that semblance has passed, as we shall explain. In some of the very old English books, and books beyond the influence of the customs of slavery, the word Negro was capitalized ages ago. Of course the word was originally a common adjective in Spanish, derived from the word “niger”, Latin adjective meaning black. But the word is in its present use a noun, designating a particu lar race or group. When a noun denotes the name of a particular person, group or institution, it is a proper noun, and should lie capitalized. To say .that the word Negro should not be capitalized simply because it is derived from a com mon adjective which was used as a sub stantive to denote at first “black people”, is as erroneous as to say that when a man’s name is Baker, Shoemaker, or Smith, the name should be written with lower case letters (baker, shoemaker, or smith), simply because those words in fact were derived from the common nouns, and de noted in their beginning the trade or vo cation of a particular person or thing, or a particular group of persons or things,— “Sirrius" and “Dog Star.” It is manifestly indefensible when an American newspaper puts it this way in a nows column: “The inhabitants of this town are 5,000 Caucasians, 33 Mongoli ans, 3 Indians, and 652 negroes.” If the word Negro is a common noun, it is by no means co-ordinate with “Caucasian, Mongolian, and Indian.” But, it might be said, we would also write white people and Mongolians and not capitalize “white”. Yes, and that is because “white” is not exactly co-ordi nate with “Mongolian”. “White” is sim ply a descriptive adjective,—not a racial name, hut an innaccurate racial descrip tion. There may be some brown “white” people, and there are certainly white “Mongolians”. And in the accepted mean ing of “Negro” in America, there are cer tainly black, brown, and white “Negroes”. The term “Negro” is no longer “negro” meaning black, but is now a proper noun designating a group of people, a race. We do not, of course, capitalize “blacks”, or should we capitalize “colored”. These des criptives,—“white, black, colored,”—are co ordinates, simply descriptive adjectives, —more or less inaptly applied, of course. but while “white” is co-ordinate with “black, colored, brown or yellow”, still “white” is not co-ordinate with Negro. The word Caucasian is co-ordinate with the word Negro or the word Mongolan. We sometimes use other words more nar rowly designatorv of race; Celtic, Gallic, Slav,—and we capitalize these words, as we should. The word Negro was capitalized before slavery, hut it looked inconsistent for a slave-owner to advertise for sale: “six plows, 3 mules, 2 cows, 6 bales of cotton, and 10 Negroes”, capitalizing only the last. It looked had to capitalize the name of a mere chattel. That was the original motive, almost instinctively expressed, be hind the custom that made out Negro to be a common noun. I have no doubt that if Chinese or Arabs had been slaves in America, and had been offered for sale among cattle and sheep and garden pro duce, those words would have been writ ten “chinese and arabs”. To capitalize them in that association would have ol fended the sense. But today the word Negro is not only the designation of a RACE and a great particular group, hut, if used as an ad jective-substantive, it is not even correctly descriptive of that group, as most of them, in America at least, are not black by any means. In the United States at least the word is a capital designation. The University of Chicago Press, The Nation, and many other •magazines, great dailies in some cities, and well-known pub lishers have ordered the capitalization of the word “Negro” since this matter was called to their attention. DOCTOR SWEET MAKES GOOD IMPRESSION ON THE WITNESS STAND Tells of Experience Within His Home und Reveals His Mental Attitude on Night When Mobbist I Was Killed COOL WHILE CROSS EXAMINED Case Given to Jury After Masterly Summing Up of the Evidence by Clarence Darrow and Hayes Detroit, Mich.—The closing days of the Sweet murder trial were marked by the testimony of Dr. Ossian P. Sweet and the masterly summing up of the evidence by Darrow and Hayes. The case was then given to the jury which after being deadlocked for forty-eight hours was unable to agree and was discharged by the court Friday morning. Dr. Sweet made a most favorable impression as a witness. Cool, calm and collected he told the story of his life and the struggle for a com petency. He gave a vivid recital of two mob attacks, one in Washington, D. C., and one in the South through which he had passed, all of which bore upon his mental condition when his house wa^ surrounded by a mob on the night of September 8. He told of missies being hurled through the windows and landed on the roof of his home and of the crowd outside and with the vivid experience of former mobs he feared for the lives of himself and family and of ■ his determination, if worse came to the worst, to protect his loved ones to the last. * The grilling cross-examination of Prosecutor Toms could not shake his testimony or perturb him in the least. White neighbors from the neighbor hood in which he had resided for twelve years testified to his high character as did many others. TUSKEGEE CONFERENCE TO CONSIDER FARM AND HOME Tuskegee Institute, Ala.— fBy the As sociated Negro Press) Improving the farm and home life will he the chief topic for discussion at the annual Tuske gee Negro Conference to be held January 27, 2fl, 1926. The various phases of this subject, such as the budget system on the farm and in the home as a basis for prog ress and thrift, keeping account of the cost of raising crops, investing surplus cash, how to borrow money at a low rate of interest, and cooperative buying will he discussed. There will also be discus sion of improving the farm by draining, ditching, and terracing, the raising of soil improving crops, the use of labor sav ing machinery, and how to hold and get good tennants. 1 he home will he considered in terms of the following discussions. “How I have made my home surroundings more attractive,” “What I am doing to keep my children on the farm,” “What we are do ing to encuorage home owning in our com munity,” “Educational facilities and reg ular school attendance,” “The religious life,” Wholesome recreation and health.” INDIANS OWN NEARLY TWO BILLIONS IN PROPERTY Washington, D. C.— (By the Associa ted Negro Press) The value of property owned by the American Indians was mat erially increased during the fiscal year of 1925 according to an estimate just com pleted by the Bureau of Indian offairs of the Interior Department. The total value of Indian property is now fixed at $1,656,046,550. Figures in cluded in the estimate consist of both property held by Indian tribes and by in dividual Indians under the guardianship of the Government. VICTORY LIFE ENTERS NEW YORK New York, N. Y.—(By the Associated Negro Press) According to Lester Wal ton in the New York World the Victory Life Insurance Company of Chicago has been licensed to do business in the state of New York. It represents a signal vic tory for the officials of this company, no other outside Organization having gone into the state within the last twenty-five years, so stringent are the laws concern ing insurance. f MUST DIE JANUARY 8 Little Rock, Ark.,—(By the Associated Negro Press) Gov. Terral has issued a proclamation setting Friday, January 8, as the date for the electrocution of Aaron Harris, convicted of first degTee murder for the killing of Scott Street, white, a deputy sheriff. PULLMAN PORTERS HOLO SUCCESSFUL ANNUAL MEETINfi Benefit Association Takes Under Ad visement Plans for Further Development of Organ ization PULLMAN OFFICIALS PRESENT Man Who Has Served as Pullman Porter for Past Fifty Years Recites Very Interesting Experiences Chicago, 111.— (By the Associated Ne gro Press) What the Pullman Porter’s Benefit Association is doing to improve and protect the Pullman porters and means for further development of the work in this direction was discussed here at the convention of the Association, held Tuesday and Wednesday in the au ditorium of the Wabash Y. M. C. A. According to reports of the officials of the association, the progress of the organ ization during the past year has been grat ifyingly rapid and through the work many porters and their families have been bene fitted. A program of extensive expan sion was adopted by the convention that is expected to further enhance the vame of the organization. The feature of the convention was the public meeting which was largely attend ed by porters and some of the leading business and professional men of Chica go. including the president of the Pull man Company, E. H. Carey, and other officials. The principal addresses of the evening were delivered by E. H. Carey, president of the Pullman Company, and Perry B. Parker, president of the Pullman Porter’s Benefit Association. Mr. Carey, praised the loyalty, efficiency, and service of the porters and declared the company appre ciated these efforts and would stick by the men. Mr. Parker reviewed the work of the association and outlined the new program. He also related interesting phases of his work as chief investigator for the Pullman Company in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The speaker also referred to the large number of Negroes now em ployed as skilled mechanics in the Pull man shops and predicted that this num ber would be increased rapidly. Both speakers denied that the Pullman Com pany had any direct connection with the Pullman Porter’s Benefit Association. Another interesting feature of the pro gram was the short address by J. B. New some, who told of his fifty-five years in the serveice of the Pullman Company as a porter. His address was filled with valu able information, as he traced the history of the company and the various changes in types of cars and conditions. The convention opened Tuesday morn ing with 62 of the possible 63 delegates present at the roll call The public ses sions were largely attended. MINISTERS ALLIANCE HOLDS WEEKLY MEETING The Minister’s Alliance met Tuesday morning in the parlors of St. John’s A. M. E. church and transacted much im portant business. An interesting paper on “The Minister. His Pulpit and its Influ ence” was read by the Rev. R. Kidd, pastor of Bethel A. M. E. church and greetings were brought by the Rev. Dr. Greene of Sioux City, Iowa, who has been conducting a revival at Zion Baptist Church. The speaker next Tuesday will he the Rev. J. P. Jachson of Council Bluffs. COUPON PAYS PART OF ADMISSION PRICE The Monitor has made arrangements with the Lake Theatre for the admission next Monday night of all adults and child ren for half price when presented with the coupon found in this paper. The re gular price of admission for adults is 20 cents and for children 10. This coupon with 10 cents will admit an adult and with five cents a child. Here’s a cha -r for you to see a good movie and enjoy good music and help boost Dan Des dunes’ Lake Theatre. SENDS DONATION TO N. A. A. C. P. DEFENSE FUND The Northwest Needle Craft Club met with Mrs. A. Black, 1923 N. 35th street, Nov. 17. The club sent five dollars to the Defense Fund for the Sweet case at Detroit, Mich. The next meeting trill be with Mss. L. T. Boggus, 3518 Pasker street, Tuesday, December 1. Bill, son of Dr. and Mrs. W. W. Peebles was detained at home from North High school this week by a severe cold.