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About The monitor. (Omaha, Neb.) 1915-1928 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 12, 1923)
« ' \ ‘ ' . SflB The Monitor —— A NATIONAL WEEKLY NEWSPAPER DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF COLORED AMERICANS THE REV. JOHN ALBERT WILLIAMS, Editor $2.00 a Year 5c a Copy OMAHA, NEBRASKA, FRIDAY, JANUARY 12, 1923 Whole Number 392 Vol. VIII—No. 28 WERE NEGROES THE FIRST TO DISCOVER AMERICA? _ _____ FIFTY-SEVEN KNOWN LYNCHINGS IN 1922 RECORDED IN D. S. Tuskegee Department of Record and Research Finds Seven Less Mob Victims in 1922 Than in the Previous Year. NINETY PER CENT NEGROES Ten Lynchers Were Convicted and Law Officers Prevented Fifty Caces of Mob Violence in Various Sections. Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, Jan. 8 —I send you the following concern ing lynching for the past year as compiled at Tuskegee Institute in the Department of Records and Re search, Monroe N. Work in charge. I find, not including those killel in strikes, riots, etc., that there were 67 persons lynched in 1922. This is 7 less than the number 64 for the year 1921. Thirty of the persons lynched were taken from the hands of the law; 13 from jails, and 17 from officers of the law outside ot jails. I also find that there were 68 in stances in which officers of the law prevented lynchings. Fourteen of these instances were in Northern States and 44 were in Soutnern States. In 54 of the cases the prisoners were removed or the guards were augmented or other precautions taken. In the 4 other instances, armed force was used to repel the would-be lynchers. In ten instances, convictions carrying penitentiary sentences were secured against alleged lynchers. Of the 57 persons lynched in 1922, 51 were Negroes and 6 were whites; 19 or one-third of those put to death and then their bodies burned. The charges against those burned to death were: murder, 2; rape, 4. The offenses charged against the whites were: murder, 2; fighting, 1; charges not reported, 3. The of fences charged against the Negroes were: murder, 9 murderous as sault, 4; rape, 14; attempted rape, 5; killing officer of the law, 3; horse stealing, 2; being intimate with woman, 2; no special charge, 2; killing man in altercation, 1; striking man in quarrel, 1; robbing and striking a woman, 1; cattle stealing. 1; using insulting lan guage, 1; for being a strike break er, 1; mistaken identity, 2; indecent exposure of person and frightening women and children, 1; intimidat ing officer of the law, 1. The nine states in which lynch ings occurred and the number in each State are as follows: Alabama 2; Arkansas, 5; Florida, 5; Georgia, 11; Louisiana, 3; Mississippi, 9; Oklahoma. 1; South Carolina, 1; Ten nessee, 2; Texas, 18. Very truly yours, R. R. MOTON, Principal. PROMINENT EDUCATOR AND EDITOR PASSES AWAY Kansas City, Jan. 12—J. Dallas Bowser, 77 years old,2400 the Pasea, writer and educator, died early Mon day morning, January 1, in his home hpre. He was bom in North Carolina in 1846 and came to Kansas City in 1868. His teaching service included one year in Westport (now Kansas City) and 11 years as principal of Lincoln High School and the Attucks Ward School. He also published the Gate City Press, a Negro publication. He was a strong factor in the life of this city, always gentlemanly, but fearless in standing for the rights of his people. The deceased was a member of the Presbyterian church. He was a prom inent Mason. The funeral was held Thursday afternoon with John Lange K. of P. and the U. B. F. Lodges also represented. DIES AT AGE OF 121 Paris, Texas, Jan. 12—John Dun ham, who claimed to be one hundred add twenty-one years old, died this week at his home here. He worked for his living up to the time of his death. He boasted never to nave known a sick day in his life until pneunflinia attacked him. EX-GOVERNOR DEPLORES FAILURE Or DYER BILL New York, Jan. 12—In a letter writ ten to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored f’eople, Ex Governor Hii^h M. Dorsey of Georgia states his belief that the Federal Gov ernment cannot long delay taking cog nizance of the lynching situation in A. and deplores the failure of the ,yer Anti-Lynching Bill in the Senate, where it was held up recently by a filibuster of Southern Democrats. Mr. Dorsey’s letter is in part as fol lows: “I am disappointed that the United States Congress did not pass the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill. “The States have had ample oppor tunity to pass laws for the prevention of this evil, and hirve fallen to take adequate steps. I very much hope that now the States will exercise their rights, but I have very litle hope that this will be the case. I cannot believe that the Federal Government can long delhy taking cognizance of the situa tion, and indeed I hope they will not. Certain it is that the Federal Govern ment should do something if the States in the future fail as in the past.” The state of Georgia was second among lynching states for 1922, hav ing 11. Texas was first, with 18. WOMAN APPOINTED ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEY OF CHICAGO Chicago, 111., Jan. 12.—Miss Vlolette N. Anderson was apponted assistant city prosecutor, which took effect on January I, 1923. Miss Anderson is a graduate of North Division High School, Chicago Athenaeum and Chi cago Law School. She was admitted to practice in 1919 and is the only colored woman in active practice at the Illinois bar. RABBI STEPHEN WISE DEFIES KLUXIES IN TALK Annual Meeting of N. A. A. C. P. Result* in Klection of Herbert K. Stockton to Place on the Hoard of Directos. GIVES $1,000.00 TO ASSOCIATION New York, Jan. 12—Culminating in a mass meeting in the Town Hall, New York City, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peo ple, held its annual meeting on Jan. 2, 1923. In the election a new member was added to the Board of Directors, Mr. Herbert K. Stockton of the law firm of Height, Smith, Griffin and Dealing, whose brief on the Dyer Anti Lynching Bill was instrumental in procuring a favorable report on the measure by the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Branch efforts against segregation in schools in Philadelphia, Boston and elsewhere, and the fight against the Ku Klux Klan and the "Birth of a Na tion” film were recited by delegates from Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania, aL-the afternoon meeting in the Rus sel Sage Foundation Building. At the night meeting the speakers were Mrs. Mary B. Talbert, Spingarn Medalist for 1922 and leader of the Anti-Lynching Crusaders; Rabbi Ste phen H. Wise; Dan Kelly, a white Texan, who was sent to Kirvin, Tex as, by the N. A. A. C. P. to investigate the burning to death of three Negroes, and tlames Weldon Johnson, who re ported on the fight for the Dyer Anti Lynching Bill and asserted a renewed fight for its enactment would be car ried on. Hubbl Wise In the course of his ad dress, uttered a stinging rebuke and challenge to the Ku Klux Klan, and characterized as discreditable to the American people, the failure of the Senate to enact the Dyer Anti-Lynch ing Bill. “I was warned against coming to this meeting,” said Rabbi Wise. “I may say to you that I am indifterenv to what any member of the Ku Klux Klan may say about me or about my people. Their hatred is my honor; their dispraise of my people is its cor onation.” Rabbi Wise closed his address with an impassioned appeal that colored men as well as white, continue un daunted the fight against oppression. He said: "I come to you tonight as a Jew and a Jewish teacher because I know as few men have had cause to know how injustice hurts, how it galls and how long continued oppression may degrade. I know—without uttering a word of bitterness or of hatred, for I feel none against my oppressors and my people's oppressors—my chief bus iness in life is to move my people to stand erect, to lift their voices to the skies and to know that no matter what the world without may do to them they must keep their souls undeflled. "I come to you tonight as a son and teacher of one of the earliest and old est races in history who have achieved high culture; I come to you as the scion of a race which gave to the Western World its Bible, old and new; its patriarchs, its kings, its PRESENT DAY MESSAGES “No one outside of a group can regulate the ultimate pro cedure for the inside. The ? people who must be helped for ever are not worthy of being S helped at all. The Negro hence forth must walk with his own legs. \ KELLY MILLER. prophets, its evangelists—the race which gave to the world Abraham and Moses and Elijah and Isaiah and Jesus and John and Paul, the race which gave to the world the things of the spirit by which it lives; and I say to you, members, sons and daughters of the newest, in many senses, of the races who have been suffered to emerge from the datkness, I bid you ! have courage and fear got. To you 1 i speak the word of Isaiah to piy people, ‘Fear thou not, my servant; fear thou i not, my servant.’ | "There shall be a minimum of jus j tice and liberty laid at your door, and on the other hand those Americans : who, like you anclvne, love oor coun try, who believe that America and even-handed jhstice must be inter changeable terms—we stand with you, we will support you, we will fight with you, lawfully In the American way, not in the lawless way of the lyncher, | we will fight with you as men anu women until this shame shall have been ended, until lynching shall have forever passed from the vocabulary and the life of the American people. “And you, sons and daughters of the Negro race, will render a great service, a supreme service, to your and my America if instead of bowing your backs beneath the yoke of this foul and fiendish oppression, you say to America: ‘We are men; we mean to live as men. Our wrong-doers shall be punished and utterly punished un der and by the processes of law; but lynching shall not be the portion of any man, white or black, who lives under the American skies.” Mrs. Mary B. Talbert announced for the Anti-Lynching Crusaders that all of their work had been done with out drawifig any of the funds contrib uted and that those funds were to be turned over intact and entire to the National Association for the Advance ment of Colored People for the anti lynching campaign. Before the close of the meeting, Mr. Johnson announced the gift by Mr. Philip Peabody of Boston of $1,000 to the N. A. A. C. P. COLORED PHYSICIAN HOLDS AN IMPORTANT OFFICE WITH RAILROAD — Kansas City, Mo., Jan. 12.—Dr. J. j Ldgar Dibble holds the unique dls j Unction of being the first colored | physician in America to be appointed ! to the medical staff of one of the rail ; l oad companies. And as an evidence I of satisfactory service he received on ! January first his fifth appointment with the Kansas City Southern rail road as the physician and surgeon to more than 15,000 colored and Mex ican employees of that company. Dr. Dibble is also phyeican to the employees of the Kansas City Bolt and ! Nut company, and to the members or j Local 655 of Builders and Laborers , union. This organization alone rep ' resents more than 600 members. In addition to the above he was re-ap ! pointed first lieutenant in the med | teal reserve corps, U. S. A , this paet | June. NEGRO FARM POPULATION IN THE SOUTH 5,044,489 Negro farm population of the South on Jan. 1, 1920, was 5,044,489, based on the last census, the Department of Commerce announced recently. The statement showed that figures in cluded the states of Delaware, Mary- J land, District of Columbia and West I Virginia besides the states considered strictly southern. PRESENT DAY MESSAGES “My chief business in life is to move my people to stand erect, to lift their voices to the skies and to know that no mat ter what the world without may do to them they must keep their souls undefiled.” RABBI STEPHEN WISE. The Negro farm population of the South in 1920 constituted 56.6 per cent of the total southern Negro popula tion. The Negro farm population is said to exceed the white farm popula tion in two states, South Carolina and Mississippi, but the largest Negro farm population for any state was shown for Georgia which has 7 7,205. TWO COLORED ALDERMAN FOR ANNAPOLIS, MI). Annapolis, Md., Jan. 12—Though the municipal election will not take place until early in July, the colored voters in the 4th ward are becoming active. Leaders say they are going to elect two colored aldermen this time. The ward is at present represented by J. T. Stephney and a white repub lican. Mr. Stephney has moved into the third ward. There are about 1,200 colored voters in the fourth wafd as against 200 whites, hence the movement to give the race both representatives. San ders Chase, W. H. Butler, R. P. D. flarver, Dr. Rodney Milner and Henry Valentine are among those mentioned. ALL HOUSES BURNED IN COLOREDSEfTION Rosewood, Fla., Jan. 12.—Twelve houses, all that remained of the col ored section of Rosewood following the clash between whites and blacks last. Thursday night in which seven were killed vere fired by a crowd of white men here Sunday afternoon and burned to the ground. Annual Survey of 1922 by Associated Negro Press Shows Substantial Progress " — ■" - . , i . . . , i - — — (Continued from Lust Week) If K L Mi I 0 IT IS Deiionilnutional tliviKlon continue, but are growing more and more cor dial euchi year. All of the great de nominations accept the belief that, after all, “In unity there is strength.” The common enemy of prejudice and the altogether too obvious slant of white American Christianity that falls town at the color line, places a task upon religious leaders as well as af fords a militant opportunity for co operation along helpful lines. The Federated Churches of Christ in America, while always working in the Interest of general advancement, have seen the importance of more officially recognizing the problem, and Dr. Geo. B. Haynes, of New York, has been made an executive in that big field. It is most encouraging to note the renewed interest, in education for Col ored America being taken by all the great religious divisions, including the Catholics. The Methodist Episcopal church heads the list in the amount appropriated and expanded, the same being between $2,000,01)0 and $2,000, 000. The Episcopalians, Baptiste, i’resbyterianB, Congregationalists and Catholics are all devoting thousands of dollars and developing remarkably efficient leadership of a high order of intelligence and spirituality for the betterment and progress of Colored 1 America. EDUCATION The Heifer White Mouth, where the masses of Colored America live, is tak ing a lively Interest at present in education. School buildings are being enlarged and rebullded; terms are us ing lengthened, and teachers are be ing paid better wages. It Is prog ress; but it Is not enough. It is still the theory In most places of the South that Colored America should have only a circumscribed education; that high' schools and colleges, regardless of taxation requirements, are only for white youths. Gradually the convinc ing justice of an educated citizenry, regardless of color, is dawning upon the South, and there are outspoken advocates for larger opportunities who are listened to with respect, and the blatant mouthings of dostructionists are falling on deaf ears. The colleges and universities con ducted by and for Colored America are all crowded beyond capacity. There is a thirst for knowledge that both gratifies and amazes! The situation is remarkable in the face of the every day fight for recognition In the world’s i work, but on goes the battle with books, and each year sees an increas ed number of graduates from all the schools. Northern colleges and uni I versifies, where students are admitted I solely on merit, continue to have large quotas of students from the group. Harvard College, where for years the oustandlng principle has been educa ! tional equality, has had recent flur ries of seemingly changed conditions, | but it is proclaimed by those with au I thority to know, that at heart, Har I vard maintains its illustrious tram | tions. COMMERCIAL PROGRESS AM* BUSINESS Colored America has taken to the field of business with a relish that brings inspiration and cheer. Bank ing, insurance, manufacturing, real estate, general merchandising and, in deed, contact with Wall Street itself, are among the present achievements of Colored America—facing and over coming the depressing obstacles of 1522—that bids fair to turn up side down the theories that in the promo tion of commercial enterprises the Race has woeful limitations. 'resent achievements in these important fields prove to the world that the limitations have been the result of studied handi caps. Colored America has been held back from the opportunity of getting commericial knowledge and contacts. But the opportunities and needs have become so great within the Race itself that through the force of circums stances alone, these lines have been developed to a most surprising extent in the last year. With all the results lo date, the fields are yet virgin soil; they haveen barely tapped, so to speak. Confidence, more general co-operation, vision and hard work will produce results In the future that will be most gratifying. Aside from the standard professions, the commercial field Is making the big opening for the college bred man and woman. With 15,000,000 people to supply with all of the neces sities of life, and administer to their welfare and happiness in the multi tude of ways afforded 1 commercial progress, at once prp as a picture for the imagination that stirs the soul to action. In the commercial field there are contending force® debating the wisdom of using all Colored Amer ican capital, all white capital, or a comtbnation of each. There are achievements In each way that are abiding and successful. Urban Influences—It must be noted that the activities of Colored America are influenced by initiative and results from a number of communities throughout the country. While the chief influencing centers upon the group as a whole are in large cities, speaking nationally, however, smaller centers have demonstrated their abil ity to focus attention on their achieve ments, and from them emanates wide reaching activities that produce last ing results and helpfulness. Nation wide attention in the first instance is constantly focused on Chicago, New York and Washington in the order named. Chicago is noted for its eco nomic enterprise and civic freedom; New York for its metropolitan con tads and Washington for its close ness to the seat of government. C I Y I C Organization is the new watchword of Colored America. Organization has always been an important factor in the life of the people, but it is becom ing more and more practical, efficient, and systematic; it is working with vision and understanding. Organiza tion is a master enemy of prejudice, and forges its way to just recognition. Various bodies that have for a num ber of years left their impression on the life of the people, continue to serve their needs and afford inspiration to guide their ways. These organiza tions, civic, professional, fraternal, co operative and national, are working more and more in harmony with the fundamental faith that actuates all efforts—OPPORTUNITY AND JUS TICE FOR COLORED AMERICA. The opportunities desired are not circum scribed, as some would impress, the opportunities desired are merely the inborn impulses of humanity, the eter nal aspirations of the soul. Encour aged by justice, they contribute nobly to the stun total of human welfare and happiness. They look to the achieve ment, and not to the class; Colored America trembles with regret when American color prejudice denies the right and privilege to rise; reflecting upon their loyalty to the patriotic ap I peals of America from the beginning of the republic, they are stung to the quick—but not dismayed—by the stu died insults and obstacles of hatred placed in the pathway of progress and success. But on they go achieving and achieving, getting a stronger hold year by year. FINALLY Colored America Faces the Future Demanding a Place In the Sun. The achievements of the past are hut a | foretaste of the glories that are to come. There are those in places of ; power today in the national life of [ America who are standing on dead men’s bones. They flount their de structive views and scatter thieir seeds of dissension with wavering hands and ; cynical smiles; they create a discord of tyranny in the symphony of human happiness, but their day of elimination is fast approching; the black sun of their follied hate is doomed to early setting. Colored America faces the future, covering the face with shame upon the deeds of injustice and inhumanity;' pointing with pride to the achieve ments for the good of all, in the sorry midst of handicaps and unwarranted oppression. The year of 1922 goes down in history as one of achievement extraordinary for Colored America; the record is made, and t'hie die is cast —even God cannot change the past. To Colored America everywhere The Associated Negro Press extends greet ings and urges Faith, but with it Work, tireless, unceasing, victorious Work. “f-abor Conquers All Things” —and Has Us Own Reward! UNVEIL PAINTING OF PHILIP A. PAYTON New York, Jan. 12—An oil painting of Philip A. Payton, pioneer real es tate man of this city, was unveiled at the Association of Trade and Com merce recently. Mr. Payton died at the zenith of his career in 1918. -; THOISAHDS GATHER TO HOHOR ABRAHAM UHCOLH J. H. Pollard of Community Service, Speaks on “Man-Making” to Big Audience of Colored People at Hampton University. RACE WINNING NEW FREEDOM Hampton, Va., Jan. 12—Professor J. M. Pollard of Community Service, In corporated, an honor graduate of the University of Chicago, who for eleven years served as director of the acad emic department at the St. Paul Nor mal and Industrial School, Lawrence ville, Va., delivered the Emancipation Day oration, on “Man-Making,” in Og den Hall, Hampton Institute, before 2000 colered men, women and children in celebration of the sixtieth anniver sary of President Lincoln’s Emanci pation Proclamation and under the auspices of the local Emancipation Committee, of which Dr. J. T. Latti more of Hampton is chairman. Professor Pollard referred to the work of the Hampton colored citizens in raising, within two weeks, al most $2,000 for the Colored Commun ity House in Hamilton; made a plea for thinking about the “greater eman cipation”; paid a tribute to Abraham Lincoln, “who was partly made by the times in w’hich he lived;” pointed out the responsibility which men and wo men have as co-workers with God in man-making; showed the relation or such realities as radio, airships and matches to dreams; and outlined some of the difficulties of training men so that they will not steal, will not kill, will not hate. Professor Pollard declared that American Negroes are blessed and must learn, in turn, to make even greater sacrifices for the education i of their children. “The kind of men and women we make,” he said, “de pends on the kind of individuals we wish to make. We can make a race that is strong in the essentials of life.” Dr. James E. Gregg, principal of Hampton Institute, in his address of welcome, said: “The deliverance from physical bondage was only the small est part of the new birth of freedom which came to the Negro in 1863. Lincoln’s generous words and deeds j were necessary preliminaries; the consummation of the process has been ; approaching ever since. Complete' freedom includes freedom of the spirit | as well as freedom ot the body.” Dr. Gregg referred to Hampton Institute i as one of the emancipators of the hu- | man spirit and an institution which is carrying on the work which the Eman cipation Proclamation began. _ HUNT FOR YOUR NAME Each week the name of some 1 paid-up subscriber is inserted in ] one of the “ads” appearing in : The Monitor. If that subscriber ! finds his or her name and will bring his copy of the paper to The Monitor office before the following Friday he will be paid One Dollar. Mr. and Mrs. H. L. Preston are rejoicing over the birth of a fine daughter. BLACKS, NOT WHITES WERE DISCOVERERS OF AMERICA CLAIM Harvard Professor Creates Mild Sensa tion at Science Association Convention With Novel Theory. INDIANS OF NEGROID ORIGIN Skull Measurements Establish Fart, According to Scientist That Negroid Types Furnish Ancestry. _ Cambridge, Mass., Jan. 12.—A new theory of the origins of American In dians which places Negroes or Ne groid types as their ancestors, was explained in a paper by Professor Roland B. Illxon, white, of Harvard university before the American As sociation for Advancement of Science in convention here last week. Dr. Dixon’s paper, in which he de clared that Negroid groups which crossed the Bering Straits were among the American Indians’ ancestors, caused a great stir in the anthrop ology section. From his statements Negroid peoples would appear to have been the first discoverers of America. Others who crossed the Bering Strait? thousands of years ago to be come the ancestors of the American Indian were -people of white stock related to the so-called Caucasian gToup according to Dr. Dixon. Turk ish tribes and other Mongolians and the black Australians blended In vari ous proportions, formed the different races of American Indians. Many tribes, in the opinion of the speaker, were largely Negroid in ear ly times, but underwent transforma tion by mixing with other tribes, and since the discovery of America, by the infusion of white blood. Based un Skull Measurement. The earliest skulls of the Iroquo.s ana some other Indians show strong Negroid features, continually modified from age to age as the Iro quois extended their power and ter ritory, taking captives from other tribes and absorbing them. The whole theory is based on the minute measurements of tens of thou sands of skulls. The different types of man in the old stone age, accord ing to this theory, differed very sharp ly in the shape of their skulls. The middle type, combining the character istics of the long heads, and the broad heads, was probably rare in early times and was formed by the blending of sharply differentiated ancient types, according to Dr. Dixon. His method was to measure thousands of Indian skulls of the present day and thou sands of years ago in the effort to trace their characteristcs to earlier Asiatic and European stock. The formation of the nasal bones played a prominent part n the inquiry. Boaz liaises Objection. Dr. Dixon, who is a scientist of high standing, had barely finished his paper before two noted anthropolo gists, Professor Boaz, of Columbia Washington, were on their feet to op the United States National Museum at pose him, denying that such far-reach ing conclusions could be adduced on the basis of skull measurements .though hailing the paper as an Im portant contribution to anthropology. AMERICAN LEGION IN MEMBERSHIP CAMPAIGN The Douglas County Post of the American Legion will have a mem bership campaign January 31, Feb ruary 1 and 2. It is the hope of the membership committee to get every ex-service man in Omaha to join the Legion. The slogan of the campaign will be “The Call of Your Buddies.” “The Legion is doing wonderful work for the disabled soldier, for the ex-service man and his family who might be in need, and is carrying out a systematic Americanization pro gram,” said Commander Hird Stryker of the Post. Every ex-service man in Omaha should wear a button—the member ship fee is $3.00, and can be mailed to Legion headquarters in the Court House. DYNAMITE WRECKS MINE OPERATED BY NEGROES Kansas City, Jan. 12—Dynamite and fire of incendiary origin wiped out the $30,000 mine operated by the Lam bright Coal Company near Carter, Mo., recently. There was no insurance. The Lambright Company was one of the few entirely operated by col ored capital in this section. Owners found the outer works dynamited and the fire kindled in the tipple. For the past two years, the company had been working with a full force of men.
