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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (May 23, 1918)
The Omaha Daily THE WEATHER. Fair; Warmer '1 N6UXLVII NO. 291. OMAHA, THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 23, 1918 16 PAGES Z$Si . SINGLE COPY TWO CENTS. 1 Bee -r r 1 ITALIAN NAVAL ATTACK AT POLA DARING EXPLOIT Dash Made Into Harbor in Dark by Lieutenant-Commander Pellegrini and Four Companions, Who Were 4 Drowned or Captured After Torpedoing Battle ship and Blowing Up Their Own Craft. - (By Associated Press.) Italian Naval Headquarters, May 22. The details of the recent Italian naval exploit at Pola show that it was one of the most audacious feats of the war, worthy to rank with the Brit ish raids at Zeebrugge and the Merrimac affair at Santiago. Plans were long matured by Lieutenant Commander Pel legrini, who' adopted unusual means of secrecy to safeguard' the project. To divert attention he took service in the trenches on the Piave and when he was ready to start gave out that he was going to visit his friends. He was accompanied by another officer and two sailors. ; . f APPfVWlH nAPTf V The party was escorted by destroy- rra-and arriyed at Pola at 2 o'clock in the rooming. It was very dark and the moon" had been down two hours. A light wind blew off shore, which ' prevented the sounds', of preparation going landward. The entrance to the channel was 400 yards across., with a lsng neck leading into the great har bor, in .which lay - Austria's fleet of battleships, cruisers and destroyers encircled by a frowning terrace of land batteries. In the obscurity the guardship at the entrance was dimly visible swung to one side, the guards apparently asleep. There was a com plete lack of watchfulness. . v Final preparation, now was made for a dash in the darkness. Commander Pellegrini and his companions put on rubber suits which could be inflated. The plan' was to discharge torpedoes at the big ship, then blow up their own craft, jump overboard and await capture or drowning. All realized that there was practically no chance of re , turning alive. : . ' . Risks. Life Coolly. . -. "Commander Pellegrini, was' per fectly cool as he bade goodbye, his superior saying, "You are putting your head in the lion's moufh." .Now they encountered three suc cessive lines of defense, first a guard ship, then a line of 'wooden- buoys marking, a chain of mines and then a heavy steel net strung from 'bank to bank; ,H6w they were' able to penetrate these obstructions must re ,ma& Jr.hystery, particularly as to the . steei net which was apparently an ' impassable barrier. - . ', :'..' 1 ' The escort , waited almost an hour 'when; the silence was suddenly brok- en by two distinct explosions of tor pedoes, followed by the sound of an alarm gun in: the inner harbor. Sends Prearranged Signals. ' ' Soon aftcr, two signals of parti colored lights slowly rose from the center, of the harbor,. showing that Commander Pellegrini had penetrat ed to the vc.ry heart of .the fleet and was sending, signals from the midsU . of it. The first signal meant "Have tor pedoed a battleship," and the second said "Don't mind us; we have no chance." This last signal was the agreed emergency sign which was to be sent . up tn case there was no opportunity . t give help. It isbelieved that they blew up their' craft and took to the wattr in accordance with the pro gram as an explpsive time bomb had been set to go off even if the craft was under water. . ' MeanwhHe, the sky was vivid with searchlights and the land - batteries were pouring a "terrific fire on the escort. They clung to their work for a . time and ; then left, with 40 searchlights and countless batteries playing upon them. - - No Word From Party. ? As daylight broke, a fleet of enemy airplanes swooped down, but was beaten off by a smaller fleet of Ital ian planes, three enemy machines fall ing into the water during -the aerial battle. , .;.:"." :.: . ' No word has since been heard of Commander Pellegrini and his Party. Their, signal was definite that a ship had been hit and aerial photographs are expected soon J to confirm their : message. . There is every reason to believe that the four men are prison ers. In any event,: their associates and the country greet. 7 the fearless band as heroes who have reflected lasting glory on the skill and daring of the Italian navy. Mrs. Edward Cockrell Dies; 1 Funeral Will Be Held Today Mjs. Edward Cockrell died at her home, 2574 Fort street, Monday after noon. She is survived by her hus 5 band, an infant son, her parents.Judge and Mrs. C. T. Dickinson; a brother - Dave of OmahV-and sister, Mrs. S. , J. Weekes of O'Neill. Neb. Funeral services will be held at the Jackson undertaking rooms, at 2:30 o'clock this afternoon'.Interment will be. in Forest Lawn cemetery.'. Royal Arcanum to Meet 1 In Atlantic City in 1919 Chicago, May "22. The , supreme ' council of the Royal, Arcanum, which closed its forty-first annual conven- tion here today, will meet next year i in ..Atlantic City. The question of 'admitting women to social member s ship goes over until 1919. v Chicago Flier Killed. "London, . May 22. Second- Lieu- - tenant Pretnn nf the RritisVi ; air force, son of Robert K. Preston or Chicago, waslnstantly killed May 14 -: t i n ' ' r a wane nving in cngiana ROYAL WELCOME FOR BELGIANS IN OMAHA TODAY Veterans From Russian Front First to Be Entertained on ; South Side, Then Parade in City. ORDER OF MARCH. Platoon of poller. The marnlinl and aides, mounted. The mayor and city commissioners, in automobiles. I'nited States troops from Fort Crook, Crelghton radets. Kxeeutive committees and public affairs committee. Omnhn Chamber of Commerce, In auto mobile. Belgian soldiers. Hlsh school cadets. . AU military organizations will he at the Union station not later than 2 p. m. The 359 persons in the party of Belgian soldiers, who will spend Thursday in Omaha, include 13 wom en, wives of the officers and men,, ac cording to information received by H. H: Baldrige. The total person-" net is as follows:,- 1 : Sixteen commissioned Belgian offi cers, three women and a boy; 55 non commissioned Belgian officers and, five workers, 255 Belgian privates and; five, women, four American officers.' three English officers, one French of ficer, one Italian officer, four French privates, one American mess sergeant, two American mess cooks, one United States government representative and two railroad representatives. . Met at South Omaha.' Women from the Alliance Francaise ..-.Ml .viaof triin nr. Jfo 4rittr'i 1 1 r South Omaha and will entertain the women of the party while the men go through the stock yards and pack ing plants. The stock yards company will pro vide" dinner at noon. "We're going to give every man a slice of beefsteak as big as the map of the United States," says E. Buckingham. Eighteenth street from Farnam to Dodge street will be reserved for Thursday to accommodate the 125 automobiles in which the visiting Bel gian soldiers will be taken on a tour of ' the city. Sergeant Sigwart re quests persons who have loaned their machines to park them in that district before 3 o'clock Thursday afternoon. . Belgiaij Heroes Come. The Belgian troops have full mili tary equipment and their own band. Major Leon Osterrieth. chief of Bel gian military mission. is in charge of the troops. Colonel W. C. Short is in charge for the War department, accompanied by . Captain E. C. Podevin of the French army, with four Apline Chas seurs, known as the "Blue Devils." Captain Sir Worth1 Lethbridge, Bart, represents the, British high com mission. Lieutenant Garabaldi repre sents the Italian .commission. J. C. Sims represents the committee on public information. For Those Speaking French. : Sixty French-speaking people. . of Omaha met last night at the court house to perfect plans for the enter tainment of visitors today. Dr. F J. Despecher presided. All French speak ing persons and all of Flemish birth are asked to meet at the court house today at 2 o'clock. "Doughboys" in By Lengthening of Their Lines : (By Amociated Pre.) With the" American Army in France, May 22. Washington's an nouncement that the combined fronts held by the American expeditionary forces in France cover a greater dis tance than that held by Belgium and takes third rank has inspired the men in the American army as probably nothing else could. The announcement was published in newspapers reaching the various zones in whjch there are Americans, and the result, is that everv one Of the "doughboys" is ' walking iuif a little straighter and there is just a little moretsnap' in his salute. Staff officers and certain other offi cers 'have knrivrn' fh'e 'fart for some time, but the avcrage'Anierican sol CITY, S TA TE, COUNTR Y LAVISH TO RED CROSS OMAHA REPORTS $120,OOOTOVARD RED CROSS GOAL Figures Represent City and County Donations, While Ne braska's Subscriptions to v Date Total $629,559. Omaha, Douglas county and the entire state of Nebraska hit the old familiar "stride" Wednesday in the Red Cross war, fund drive and sent the contribution enumerator sky ward. .The "over the top" mark is within easy shooting distance "Just two; days more of real hard work in Omaha and Douglas county and we'll again smash our record,' was Chairman Everett Buckingham's comment Wednesday night. "If the good work keeps up our quota of $200,000 will fade in the distance." Early Wednesday State Director Frank Judson reported the total cash and pledges collected in 50 counties which reported before noon Wednes day 'amounted to $629,559,46, putting the state ."over the top." The total cash and pledges for Douglas ' county Wednesday night was reported as $120,000, with many individuals, firms, societies and or ganizations yet to be heard from. Getting . Donation. E. Buckingham picked up the tele phone in headquarters Tuesday night and called Walter T. Page, manager of the American Smelting and Refin ing company. "Page, how much is the company going to give the Red Cross?" asked Buckingham. "Well, we'll subscribe $7,500," said Mr. Page. t "r-er just a minute," gasped Buckingham, "wait till I get a chair and sit down. Now, say that again. "You can put us down for $7,500," repeated Page. , Arid tnen "Buck," who had been so overcome with astonishment at the . (Continued on Pace Two, Column One.) SENATE PROBE OF AIRCRAFT SCANDAL HALTED BY HUGHES Washington, . May. 22. Attorney General Gregory sent tosthe senate military committee today a letter from Charles E. Hughes, who at President Wilson's request is directing the De partment of Justice's investigation of aircraft production,-; saying the J de partment t- task should proceed : un embarrassed by a parallel inquiry. . This development ,came atter, tne efcnot noccerl a rnmnrnmiRff reso lution accented bv administration leaders, authorizing war inquiries by i militarv subcommittees. The com-, mittee proceeded with the appoint ment of its aviation subcommittee after reading the Hughes letter. In view of Mr. Hughes' attitude, senate leaders said it virtually was certain that the aviation subcommit tee's activities would be confined wholly to visiting plants and looking over the present situation, and that inquiry into the past would be left entirely to the Department of Justice. Senator -Hitchcock is chairman of the ordnance investigating committee- i ' LEFHOLZ SHOT AS TRAVELS HIGHWAY NEAR FORT CROOK H. F. Lefhblz, manager of the Jewell Film company, 1304 Farnam street, was probably fatally shot near Avery this morning while on his way to Omaha from Plattsmouth. Lefolz had' been at Plattsmouth, where he had opened a new theater last night. An unidentified man stepped in te road and leaped on the running board ordering the car to stop. Meeting oppbsition the highwayman fired, striking Lefholz in the breast, near the heart. lie is in the bouth Side hospital. The desperado escaped. ' With Lefholz in the car were two men in his employ, Walter C Denny and M. O. Rogers. France Cheered dier, billeted in some out-of-the-way little French village or living where the shells fly, does not get a chance to know what is going on outside his own little sphere. In a vague way the men in the line have known that other Americans have been scattered along the battle front somewhere between Switzer land and the sea. But none even thought the forces of which he was a member were holding a section of the line second only to that held by the French and British. The announcement was the sole topic of conversation tonight in the dugouts, trenches and billets. The men now are looking forward to the time when there may be an announce ment that the Americans are occupy ing the second place ' WILSON ACTS TO SAVE POSTS FROM HUNGER Washington, Mav 22. President Wilson today " approved- arrange ments which will remove the men ace ' of starvation . which the 10, 000,000 inhabitants in German-occupied Belgium and France have been-facing. 1 ' Herbert C. Hoover, as chairman of the commission for relief in Bel gium, announced tonight that the president had approved restoring of the fleet of steamers employed by the commission to the original number and placing at the com mission's disposal sufficient ton nage for the dispatch of 90.000 tons of foodstuffs in the next 90 days. "As a result of the diversion of a large part of the shipping em ployed by the relief commission to other war purposes," said Mr. Hoover, "it had been necessary to reduce the bread ration to six ounces per diem, this being an ounce below the present German ration, with corresponding reduc tions in other foodstuffs. "Even with this additional ship ping, the Belgian ration must be of the most meager character, but I am confident that actual starva tion on a wholesale scale has again been prevented." WOMAN SLAYER BARES TO JURY HER LIFE STORY Grace Lusk Says Acquaintance With Dr. Roberts Began at Dinner and Ripened at Church Socials. (Br Associated Frets.) Waukesha, Wis., May 22.- Grace Lusk today took the witness stand in her own defense at her trial for slaying Mrs. Mary Newman Roberts this afternoon-and revealed details of her life up until the time she first met Dr. David Roberts early in, 1913. Miss Lusk said that she was born in' Stoughton, Wis., in 1875 and after graduating from high ; school and normal school began teaching ?in Menominee, Wis., in 1896. She later attended the University of Chicago and the University of Wis cousin, where he completed a two years' course in one year, obtaining a degree of Bachelor in Philosophy in 1912. . ; 1 , Health Broke Down. At the end of this period, she said her health broke down and in the fall of 1914, her health improving, she was given an appointment as an m- structor in the normal training school Miss Lusk said that she first met Dr. Roberts at a dinner party late in January or early in February, 1913. Uater they met at cnurcn entertain ments which Dr. Roberts attended with his wife. The witness described her health during this period as poor, due largely to overwork, and declared that she frequently was unable to at tend to her duties because of severe headaches. Had Good Reputation. During the early part of the day the defense introduced a score of character witnesses who ' testified to the high reputation borne by the de fendant. Evidence was also in troduced to show that her grand mother had been the inmate of an insane asvlum at one time. Miss Lusk was called to the wit ness stand at 3:30 o'clock in the. after noon, but Judge Martin Lueck im mediately ordered an adjournment and she did not begin her story to the jury until 4 o clock and court aa innrned an hour later. ' big subscription, got hold of himself and actually asked lor more. Red Cross Workers Carry Coffee Into 1 s First Line Trenches Paris, May 22. The latest, feat of the American Bed Cross workers in France is going into the first line trenches, serving coffee and choco late to the American soldiers about to leave for patrol in No , Man's land and greeting the boys on their return with fresh supplies of cof fee and chocolate with cigarets and dry socks. A cold rainy night recently was marked by activity o,f the Red Cross men. The soldiers had massed at 5:30 and would have had nothing to eat until 6 o'clock the next morn .ing had it not been for the Red Cross workers. The next day supplies were placed in various dugouts and trenches and the American boys on night patrol in. No Man's land will have hot drinks until a canteen is established in the immediate vicinity. Harry Lauder's Own Story of : War Zone Experiences Will Be Found On Page 1 1 . WAR MERCY FUND OF $100,000,000 HALF SUBSCRIBED No Division Quota Yet Filled, But Many Cities and Towns s Already Have Gone Over Top. - (Br AnoeUted Prew.) Washington, May 22.NearIy one half of the American Red Cross sec ond one hundred million war mercy fund had been subscribed on the face of returns received at1 headquarters here tonight at the end of the third day of the week's ' campaign. The total subscriptions from the twelve districts was $44,070,555, but it was recognized that these figures were in complete and did not represent the maximum of subscriptions up to this time. ' . Although success of the campaign seems assured, workers are not let ting up as it is hoped to roll up an oversubscription. Necessity for those chapters, towns and ' states which have oversubscribed to continue their efforts was emphasized in a statement sent to war fund managers by Henry P. Davison, chairman of the Red Cross war council. Workers Urged to Continue--Efforts. Mr. Davision called attention to the fact that the arrangements for the campaign were made earlier in the year before the recent German drives in Ficardy and I landers and that changed conditions called for in creased Red Cross funds. For that reason he asked all workers not to lessen their efforts to secure sub scriptions until the close of the cam paign next Monday night. None of the divisions yet has reached its quota but many cities and towns today joined thpse that went over the top Monday and Tuesday,, The central division, (Illinois, Wis consin, Iowa and Nebraska) has sub scribed $5,900,000 according to reports to headquarters tonight1 r ' : National banks continued today to set aside part of dividend ' funds for the Red .Cross, 122 banks reporting such,' action by the directors, the total given by 85 of them was $335,- 670. One of the interesting features of the campaign were returns from the foreign division of the Red Cross, which indicated the greatest activity among the chapters and branches all over the world. L0BECK FAILS TO OBTAIN FUND F0R: Q. M. WAREHOUSE Washington, May 22. represent ative Lobeck has been conducting a quiet campaign with the majority members of the military affairs com mittee of the house to have inserted in the army appropriation bill a par agraph setting apart $250,000 of the approriation for barracks and quar ters to be used in construction of a warehouse upon the site of the quar termaster's supply depot in Omaha. Some of Mr. Lobeck's colleagues looked witlr favor on the. project, as Omaha has been designated one of the regional cities for quartermaster supplies but the plan failed, as ob jections were made against providing for any new projects. Chairman Dent has assured Mr. Lobeck that if the senate will put the item in the bill when it reaches that Lbody, he will endeavor to hold it in conterence, and it now rests with Senator Hitchcock to obtain an ap propriation for a new quartermaster's depot in Omaha, as recommended by Colonel T. A. Grant. ITALY UNIFIED BY TRIALS Anniversary of Nation's War Entry Observed at Luncheon in London. ASSERTS LORD ROBERT CECIL (By Auoelated PraM.) London, May 22. The lord mayor of London gave a luncheon at Man sion t)use today'to commemorate the third anniversary of Italy's entry into the war. Among those present were Lord Robert Cecil, minister Of block ade; the Italian ambassador, Mar quis Imperiali; the French and Japa nese ambassadors, the Chinese, Serb ian, Brazilian and Belgian ministers, the Russian charge d'affaires and rep resentatives of the American embassy. In proposing a toast to "Italy, our ally," Lord Robert Cecil ' expressed Foreign Secretary Balfour's deep re gret that he was prevented from being present and said Mr. Balfour had charged to convey in words that could not be exaggerated the warmth of his admiration for Italy and the cordiality of his wishes for its continued pros perity and success. Italy had had trials as severe as, or more severe than, any of the allies, but it was remembered not so much for its trials as for the glorious way in which it had retrieved them. Italy's resistance on the lines of the Piave would live among the most " famous battles in all ages. : ' " " ,, Lord Robert believed that the great AWES IMPROVE c THEIR POSITIONS BY SUDDEN BLOWS Opening of New Offensive Presaged by Extraordinary Activity of Aerial Squadrons of Contending Armies in France; American Artillery Batters Enemy's Defenses Day (By Associated Press.) In the past years of the war. a period of extraordinary ac tivity of the aerial squadrons of the contending armies in France has been considered an indication that events were rap idly shaping themselves for an offensive by one side or the other. At the present moment the most notable feature of the war situ ation is the remarkable work of airmen in various sectors where German attack is looked for. ; ' This activity has not been restricted to the actual battle area, but far back of each front there have been daring raids. The Rhine cities have been frequently bombed ;'. M'ADOO'S ORDER SPREADS DISMAY IN RAIL CIRCLES Inquirers Told Managements Will Be Changed But Slightly; Many Presidents to Be Made Directors. : (Oy AiuinclAted Fran.) Washington', May 22. -The railroad administration today began looking for the most able operating officer of each of the 200 roads under govern ment control to become federal direct or of his line and replace the oresident as chief executive for operations. . A survey of available men for these positions indicated 'that many presi dents would be chosen and conse quently their companies would have to elect new residents. J ,. ' General dismay among railway of-i ncers over Director General McAdoo s newly announced policy Was apparent in inquiries reaching railroad adminis tration headquarters concerning the intent of the order. . All inquirers were told that the director general is anxious not to disorganize, the exist ing. railway managements anv more 41ian necessary to insure a higher de gree of co-operation between the gov ernment management and the individ ual roads. Practically no officers, ex ecutives or employes who contribute to the actual operation of the roads will lose their jobs. It was intimated that the present salaries of many railroad heads, rang ing upward from $50,000 to $100,000, would not be duplicated by the rail road administration. The salaries would be "adequate.'' it was stated, and would be of varying sizes com parable to each man's ability and du ties. Railway Wage-Increase To Be Announced Soon Washington, May 22. An . an nouncement of a general wage in crease for railway employ s, follow ing in a general way the railway wage commissions recommendations but with many modifications, is im minent. It was learned tonight that Director General McAdoo who has been studying the commission s re port will be ready to act within i few days. Representative Scott's ' Title to Seat Held Valid Washington, May 22. A house elections committee today in the contest of T. J. Steele against Rep resentative George C. Scott of the Eleventh Iowa district, reported Scott properly elected. feat of arms had not only been of great result to the allies, but of en or mous value to the Italians themselves. Italy had come out of the trial with greater unity and self-confidence and if possible greater courage than it had before. , Amid great cheering he referred to the recent Italian naval raid on Pola The men who took part in that raid, he said, took their lives in their hands to strike a blow for their country and for freedom. What had happened to Russia showed the necessity for deedfe, not words. Well meaning persons believed that if only you would use language of a conciliatory kind to the Germans "they would come and feed out of your hand." But Lord Robert be lieved that there was a profound mis apprehension of German psychology and that it had been demonstrated by the Brest-Litovsk treaty, the result of which had been the total enslave ment of Russia. As a result of what had occurred the Reichstag peace res olution was never referred to except with contempt. It had become a scrap of paper, as had almost all democratic reform in Prussia and Night. ' V IT R HPUfU UTM t ATTstrre w nasu(ii TTtli (sv M w American aviators have borne - a "prominent part in this fifightinf. In the Luneville and Toul sectors they have given a magnificent account of themselves, while further north, and even in the defense of London, they have demonstrated their fighting ca pacity. . : ...'.;.";:,;. The German-plans for a resumption v of the offensive in France have been seriously .hampered, by. the .sudden ' blows of the allies here and there along the front.! The Germans have been forced back at numerous points and new lines which may be more easily defended have been established by the allies. , , . , : ; AMERICANS OUTWIT ENEMY. . The Americans on their own sector have given the enemy no rest. The ar- tillery has battered the .German lines night, and day, while the infantrymen have raided German outpost positions ana have' proved 'themselves capable of . outwitting i and outfighting; the enemy. General Pershing's men have, won 'several hot fights .with-the foe -and have captured prisoners. A night gas "attack was loosed, on the Ger- jmans'i by the iAmericani near Tout, MIBIISt V) MIC inmci DIM AVUI, threef waves of shells drenching a . wooded position of the enemy, with poisonous fOmeSrr . t . ' The French, too. have been at work in various sectors, particularly in the Somme region. They; have gained ground.-' here . and . there . at points where positions of tactical value were wrested from the Germans. ; j Further north, the British front has i been fairly, quiet,, with tremendous i bursts of artillery fire coming at in tervals. The German official State ment says that British attacks at vari oui points were repulsed. 1 v, ' ; Germans; Mass Reserves. Reports from, (the headquarters of the French , army are that there has been . a ' redistribution of German troops along the entire front A Ger . man attack is expected toon, probably in the somme region near Albert or . on the Avre river, where the German cannon have been thundering for. sev eral days, bu so far the German gen-. -eral staff has not shown its' hand. ''s It is known that there are great masses of troops within striking; dis tance of the front and it is believed1 that hen the enemy is ready to strike there will be only brief artillery fire as a prelude to the actual cssault by . the infantry. The last report from the French war office mentions heavy . artillery fire, in the Somme region and at Plemont, near Noyon, where, there was terrific fighting early in April.1 GERMANIZING PLAN CAUSE OF RIOTS IN I CITIES OF BOHEMIA' Washington, May 22. Division of Bohemia into 12 districts, with advan tages in the electoral domain given to . the German minority in each so as to ... reduce Czech representation in parlia- . ment, is provided in a ministerial de cree issued at Vienna. ' .., An. official dispatch today from France says this .effort to dismember ' and Germaniie the Czech state taused . the recent serious rioting at Ostrau, Pilsen, 'Nachod and other. ' places which resulted in the proclaimjng of martial law and the imprisonment of 150 persons. ' . ' :., . By increasing the German represen tation from Bohemia at the expense of the Czechs, the Austrian govern ment, in the opinion here, hopes to regain at the opening of parliament V next June 19, the majority, which 1 it lost some months ago through' the coalition of all elements in opposition, r ' led by the Czechs. This adhession o ' opponents caused Emperor Charles to order parliament dissolved early in the present year, ' , ' ' . , . V'. '''''' '. i Capt. Metcalfe of Omaha Guest r Of His Brother in Lincdn - Lincoln, May 22. (Special.)rCap tain Buhler Metcalfe of Omaha .was visiting his brother, Lee Metcalfe, pri vate secretary to the governor, this v morning. " ' . Captain Metcalfe has just returned from a short leave of absence, having been at Fort Sill taking special work in "iiasons." This covers all lines of communication used by the army, in the field. He went into the service as captain of a machine, gun company, but was transferred to te ej"r ry of service. T