THE BEE: OMAhA,
VLY 13, 1017.
The Omaha Bee
DAILY (MORN'iN'G-EVENING SUNDAY
'" ' FOUNDED BY EDWARD ROSEWATER
VICTOR ROSEWATER, EDITOR
THE BEE PUBLISHING COMPANY. PROPRIETOR.
Entered at Umihi poalofficc aa second-clais matter.
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Add.ru cmamuiticulHioi relating to ne and dlUJfll suite to
Omaha Km. Editorial PeiarlnmiL
JUNE CIRCULATION
55,982 Daily Sunday, 50,986
awrat dim nation for the nioutu auUcribtd and aworn to si pwib.
WUuaaia, OreiilallOB Mtuiaw. '
"subscribers leaving tha city ebould save Tha Bee mailed
ta them. Addrtaa changed aa often aa raqueeted.
Go it, Brusiloffl Go it, bear! 1
How those detectives do love one another!
A cartoonist at Fargo lias been elected to con
gress. Going up or down?
The world ii just coming to appreciate how
will Bismarck' work was done.
Some of the political confusion at Berlin may
be due to the efficiency of the American crop
report
A branch of the Federal Reserve bank will put
Omaha almost where the city's relative import
ance entitles it to be.
Unless the big four on the west front pick up
more speed the bear may beat them, paws down,
to the finish at Berlin.
One by one the ogres of decayed royalty are
scrapped. The terrors of the Manchu dragon
vanish as completely as divine right.
Vastly increased quantities of coal are moving
fo the fuel storehouses of the country. The chief
delay is in moving the price in the right direction.
Well, now that it is all over with, Governor
Xtville can console himself with the thought
that he could have had the commission had he
insisted.
New York brokers who are selling Liberty
bonds at a discount of 20 cents on the thousand
dollars are taking long chances of getting a little
notoriety real cheap,
The, Chicago Herald wastes much precious
paper with maps of territory which Get many
planned to conquer. A diagram of the earth would
have served better and saved valuable space.
The federal census bureau concedes Omaha's
population to be 203,000, which almost equals the
210,000 home estimators have claimed. Just shows
how we have been growing lately, and the end
is far ahead,
In the debate with Lloyd George, the German
chancellor is handicapped. The British premier
talks as the spirit and the occasion moves, white
Bethmann-Holtweg must adjust his tones to his
master's voice.
The pulsing pull of war lends fresh vigor to
the pick and shovel brigade in the silver camps
of the" west. The steady flimb of the metal' to
the AO-cent notch in 1917 shows the pull of Mars
mightier than the" caloric of 18.
. It is barely ten miles from Bucharest, the old,
to jassy, the new capital of Serbia; yet American
Minister TVopica traveled around the world to
reach his new station. The longest way 'round
proved safer than negotiating the Turco-Bul-Carian
trenches'. (
Tht steel industry of the United States ha
taken the lead in coming to an agreement with
the government, the whole output, being placed
.at the disposal of the authorities, the price to be
tixsd latef, This is a good start oil the combina
tion of patriotism and business.
-' The army information bureau should work the
muffler on some features of the French welcome
to American troops. Flower showers and hand
l.bscs bestowed by French women lends thrill
ing local color to the story, but the social side
lights are by no means attractive to all.
Somewhat disfigured, but in the main sound,
' the cruiser Olympia survived the collision with
uncharted rocks. The famous flagship of the
battle of Manila bay deserves a long life for its
association with Admiral Dewey and as a muffler
of the blustering buttinsky, Admiral Diedrichs.
Shock-absorbers are the latest thing in Ger
man army efficiency on the west front. Composed
of picked men, unmarried and without dependents,
they head divisions of charging men and set a
kilting pace for less Seasoned troops. The
chances of shock-absorbers reaching "a ripe old
age" are abewt equal to aviators in the same
region. , .
Lije of the Skyscraper
New York World
Builders and men of allied interests are dis
cussing again the question of the lifetime of the
modern skyscraper. When a. symposium on this
subject was published along in 1)5, there still
were in the foreground some "if of corrosion,
vibration and electrolysis as affecting steel frames.
Nevertheless, estimates of durability ranged from
5,000 years to a vague "forever."
Today sees the old "ifs" happily disposed of.
Tall structures torn down after a decade or more
- of service have revealed their protected steel work
good as new. But the very act through which
this reassuring condition has been made known
has shown forth the real, lurking enemy of the
towering city edifice. The foe of the modern sky
scraper is the more modern skyscraper. And the
prophet is justified who in the 1905 symposium
merely said for the many-storied structure that
it would last "as long as we want it to."
The builders of the Pyramids in Egypt did
their work, saw that it was well after the fashion
and let it alone. No questions intruded upon their
attention of increasing ground rents, congesting
business or the quest for light and air. Jt is dif
ferent in New York. If our present skyscrapers
never come to rank among earth's major antiquU
ties, it will be not because the builders did not
build for perpetuity but because the owners may
have to rebuild to get higher than the current
charges. ,
Political Upheaval In Germany.
Meager and conflicting reports from Berlin
admit only one conclusion, and that is that the
contest between the Reichstag and the emperor
has reached a highly critical stage. If Von Beth-iiiann-Hollweg
has placed his resignation as
chancellor before the emperor, the action may be
taken as the final test of his loyalty. He is will
ing to allow himself to be sacrificed to relieve his
imperial master of tmbarrassment in dealing with
a recalcitrant faction for the time in control of the
assembly. It must be understood, though, that
the chancellor is responsible to the emperor and
not to the Reichstag. Therefore, it is difficult to
believe that any of bis acts since the beginning
of the war have been taken without full knowl
edge and approval of the kaiser, and if his resig
nation is now accepted it will be only because
the emperor so wills.
Ballot reform, no matter how extensive, would
be a tub thrown to a whale, so long the funda
mental organization of the German confedera
tion remains unchanged. William' II has fairly
countered this demand by taking the crown art'nee
into counsel, saying any proposed change affects
not only the present emperor but his successor.
Concessions as to the empire will not affect the
situation in Prussia, in which kingdom the junk
ers are entrenched. The Reichstag's threat to re
fuse further war credit may be discounted, as that
would lead to such a situation as developed s. few
years ago when the credit for the naval program
was refused by the assembly and was secured
through exercise by the emperor of his authority
under the constitution to provide for the defense
of the empire. '
A change in ministers and a definite rfatement
of policy will very likely quiet the present s torm.
In the meantime, none are deluded by any
thought that the Germans are. not unified in the
prosecution of the war. On the contrary, they
were never more united.
Omaha and the Federal Reserve Bank.
It is now definitely settled that the assurance
given Omaha some time ago that a branch of the
federal reserve bank for our district would be
opened in this city is to be made good, a second
branch to be established at the same time in
Denver, : . '
While this is gratifying recognition of the
financial importance of Omaha, it cannot, and
should not, stop Omaha's ambition to have the
headquarters reserve bank for this district instead
of a mere branch of it, assuming that the nres;nt
district organization is maintained. The same
considerations that are now bringing about the
location of the branch can be urged with in
creased force for the conversion of the branch
into a main bank, although we may be sure that
such a change would evoke a stronger opposition
than the competition for one of the reserve banks
in the first place. ; There is bound, however, even
tually to be a rearrangement of the districts
possibly also a reduction of their number, in which
event Omaha and Kansas City would both become
branches, one of Chicago and the other of St.
Louis in which Omaha's position should be still
more important.
Whatever the developments may be, there
fore, the present establishment of the Omaha
branch should serve to keep us in line for another
move upward at the next term, whenever it may
come, and spur us to keep awake for it.
t Profit' and Patriotism.
President Wilson deftly sugercoats a pill he
proposes to have the business concerns of the
country j swallow, but underneath the carefully
worded phrases of his letter dealing with the gen
eral topic of purchases for public uses may be
discerned a determination to head off any move
to hold up the government on prices. His appeal
to patriotism will have a decided moral effect,
but in a general way much more than this is to
be considered, Patriotism alone will not pay rent
nor meet pay rolls, nor discharge any of the many
obligations that rest on the management of any
extensive enterprise. ,
The president has enumerated , the principal
items in the business budget which largely deter
mine selling prices good wages, reasonable
profits and a surplus ample t6 take care of needed
extensions of the business, which have to be pro
vided for. This, of course, contemplates the pay
ment of taxes the government levies for its heeds.
Fixation of prices, however, may have its reflex
in the lowering of collections on incomes and ex
cess profits and so necessitate revision of the
revenue laws. This will raise the further ques
tion of relations between controlled and uncon
trolled industries, with all its possibility for com
plication and misunderstanding.
The-whole situation is novel in our national
experience, and, while the president and his
boards may succeed in working out a plan that
will be equitable and produce results, the one
thing certain is that wealth must be more gen
erally employed than ever in America, The idle
dollar how is as much of a slacker as the idle man.
, Morals and Military Service.
.Much misunderstanding as to moral conditions
in the army seems to arise from the misdirected
energy of realous persons who art anxious to
have pet schemes for controlling the enlisted
youth incorporated in the discipline. Some little
local debate has arisen over this point and little
enough has been done to properly clean it up.
Army officers are required by discipline passively
to listen to much they know is wrong in every
particular, avoiding all approach to dispute with,
civilians, and out of this grows the misconception
that prevails. As a matter of fact, the morals of
the army are of an unusually high standard. The
term "officer and gentleman" is not an empty
phrase in the American service, but rtfeans alt it
implies. These men have a much deeper interest
in the welfare of their men than is understood by
the outsider.
An officer's own personal career depends on
the efficiency of the men under his command and
for whom he is responsible. If no other reason
existed, his own personal standing urges him to
jealously guard the health of his men and to see
that they are well taken care of in every way.
This requires not only observation, but actual
oversight of the personal habits of all, and this
control is rigidly enforced; "Single men in bar
racks don't grow into plaster saints;" but com
petent officers provide means whereby youthful
propensities are prudently held in check and are
able to produce results that warranted an expe
rienced officer who was in service at Llano (Grande
last summer in saying the moral tone of the great
camp would compare favorably with that of any
village in Nebraska.
Fathers and mothers may be" sure that boys
going out from home will be watched with utmost
vigilance as to their behavior in the army and that
none of them will come 'under influences more
, destructive of good morals than are encountered
in their daily walk through a city.
A Navy for the Air
Machines and Men
By Frederic J. Haskin
Washington, July 10. Not long ago there was
an extended debate in the English House of Com
mons over lome phase of the aircraft situation.
Finally arose a member who is closely connected
with the aircraft industry and the air service and
remarked, "Gentlemen, if you will provide for
the selection of our best aviator and our best aero
plane, and the sending of that man and that ma
chine to the United States, you will do more
toward winning the war than has been done by
all the debates that have been held in this house
since August, 1914."
This man, who knows the problems of building
an immense fleet of aeroplanes and sending them
to the front in a hurry, spoke from a realization of
what are to be our two principal tasks in prepar
ing our aerial navy. The task has two main
parts getting the machines and getting the men.
The speaker in the House of Commons indicated
in a somewhat epigrammatic way that by sending
its best battle-planes to America to serve for mod
els and some of its best men to serve as instruc
tors, England would be paving the way for the
return of such aeroplanes and, such aviators in
the ratio of a thousand to one.
The United States will rftve the benefit of the
best English and French experience in building
battle-planes. A commission of 12S American ex
perts is already in England studying methods
and designs. A number of French aviators taken
direct from the battle front have been in this
country for some time acting in an advisory ca
pacity. There is no reason to doubt that we will
build as good machines as any that are built in
Europe. In certain types, notably the small, very
fast and somewhat unsafe machines used for at
tack and pursuit, we have never built anything
that quite equals the allies' machines. This is
due partly to the fact that our manufacturers de
liberately keep the factor of safety high at a sac
rifice of some speed and quickness of response.
Under the circumstances, this is the soundest
policy. An aviator can learn his trade in a ma
chine making 110 miles an hpur sufficiently well
to give battle effectively in one that makes 130
miles. In the slower machine he is only about
half as likely to be accidentally killed, and each
aviator represents a national asset worth some
thousands of dollars, taking six or. eight months
of expert training to replace.
On the other hand, in the manufacture of cer
tain types of machines we already equal, if we do
not excel, any nation on earth. Our heavy bomb
ing planes, our seaplanes and our training planes
are recognized as equal to the best. There is no
reason to doubt that we will produce the machines
for our air navy in sufficient quantity of the best
types. The Aircraft Production board, which
planned first to construct only 3,500 aeroplanes
the first year, now feels confident that we can
produce many times that number. In the very im
portant matter of engines, indications are not
lacking that we will develop a better type than
either the English or the French. At the bureau
of standards they are working on the perfection
of an aeroplane engine to be known as the "AH
America," which will be standardized for large
scale production. Naturally no details are to be
given out concerning the engine, but there have
been enthusiastic unofficial reports concerning the
performance of the model on which the standard
type is said to be based. -
Some of the more enthusiastic supporters of
the aeroplane program speak of 100,000 aeroplanes
flying over Germany. Eventually we could come
to that, but it is a long way off. It .would mean
at least 300,000 aeroplanes all in all, and our pend
insr bill only calls for 42,000 engines. Moreover,
100,000 machines are probably more than we need.
Ten thousand aviators can turn the scale, accord
ing to many of the experts.
In this nation of 100.000,000 there are surely
10,000 men to be found for the work as Rood as
any on earth. They will need 'some 40,000 ma
chines, and the entire strength of the aerial branch
of the military service will need not far from
100,000 men if we are to have an actual flying
service of 10,000 strong. This is about two-thirds
of the war strength of the navy.
The United States is making excellent prog
ress toward building up the personnel of its air
service. It is probable that some 1,400 men' will
be graduated into active service by the beginning
of September. After that time, of course, the
output of aviators should increase from month to
month. Some time ago it was decided to open
technical training courses for aviation cadets in
six of the leading American technical colleges.
The Universities of California, Michigan, Illinois
and Ohio, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and Cornell university , sent representatives to
Canada's great aviation training camp Camp
Borden. American methods are modeled on the
experience of Canada. These cadet courses are
confined to theoretical and "ground" work; after
two months those who qualify will be sent to
aviation training grounds for training in the air.
We will probably have twenty-four such training
grounds erected at the cost of $1,000,000 each,
in addition to four aviation grounds already exist
ing belonging to the army and the navy and a du
plicate American training ground in France. One
of the leading features of the training situation
is the need for expert instructors, whom we
naturally cannot supply in great numbers. For
such men we may call on the allies.
Shafts Aimed at Omaha
,Franklin News: The tax-dodgers of Omaha
are bu$y explaining that "it isn't so" and that
Assessor Fitzgerald got his wires crossed when
he hiked their assessments to so high a point.
However, when the last complaint is heard it is
more than likely that Omaha's assessment will be
a good many thousand dollars more this year than
it ever has been before.
Friend Telegraph: ; Omaha is not feeling very
jolly over the cantonment for this district going
to Des Moines. Oh, well, Des Moines is but a
suburb of Greater Omaha. Some complaints
have been entered because Senator Hitchcock did
not rush in and fill the breach. When Omaha
turned down David Mercer it announced that it
had received everything that ifwanted, and Sena
tor Hitchcock and the government are evidently
taking Omaha at its word.
Lincoln Star: An Omaha dispatch the other
day quoted "Billy" Sunday's joyful exclamation
when, upon landing at the station in that city,
he saw no smoke from a nearby brewery; but i
visitor to Omaha next day was summed to find
smoke rolling out of two or three big smoke
stacks of the brewery that is within sight of
the station. Was "Billy" trying to give the .me
tropolis a doctored certificate of good character,
or is near-beer smoke nq smoke at all?
Nebraska Press Comment
, Kearney Hub: The Lincoln Journal wonders
whether this newspaper talk of Senator Hitch
cock s aspirations is a joke or has some mean
hie. It is not a joke. Nothing touching the Hitch
cockian ambition is a joke. No man in public
life today takes himself more seriously than Sena
tor Hitchcock, and few of them as much so. The
presidential gossip is a feeler and can be taken
with absolute seriousness, ' r
Tekamah Journal: State Auditor Smith has
raised a storm of disapproval over his course in
having a young woman discharged from the em
ploy of the state in his office because she was un
willing to buy a Liberty bond because she could
not afford to spend the money at the time. The
strange part of the attitude of Auditor Smith is
that he is a son of a veteran and the young woman
is the daughter of a veteran of the civil war. He
has let his idea of patriotism warp his good
judgment. The young woman was the best judge
of her ability to buy a bond. He should have
given her credit for being just as patriotic as he
dared himself to be. He should right his error
at once and reinstate her in her former position.
Proverb for the day.
Extreme eometimts meet.
One Year Ago Today In the War.
Eriusn captured wameu vvoous.
Austrian dropped bombs on Padua,
Italy.
Russiana captured important heights
southeast of "Slamakhtun in Armenia.
In Omaha Thirty Years Ago.
The Ladies' Aid society of Hanecom
Park Methodist Episcopal church held
a lawn social at the residence of Mr.
Koons on Virginia avenue.
A petition was presented to Mayor
Broatch by the citizens whose domi
ciles environ Jefferson park, praying
that the Salvation Army be compelled
to discontinue evening convocations in
the square.
Mr. and Mrs. D. W.' Hill announce
the arrival of a bouncing daughter
nine and a half pounds.
J Im M. Benett has sent In his resig
nation as superintendent of the Pullman-Pacific
line and will indulge in
a trip to Europe.
While Jerry O'Brien was engaged in
removing false portions of the bridge
which is in course of construction on
the Union Pacific road at Seventh
street, one of the beams fell on his
right foot and inflicted a serious bruise.
The Metropolitan Gun emu held its
initial shoot in which the following
took part: Charles Farrer, James
Borland, Chris Christiansen, John
Umpherson, Carl McManus, Tom Mc
Grane, Lou Webb, William Rate, Will
Umpherson, Anton Christian, Mike
McCarthy, Mathew Holmes, Lester
Finley, Peter McCann.
This Day In History.
1842 The duke of Orleans, eldest
son of King Louis Philippe of France,
was killed by a fall from his carriage.
1163 Capture of Yazoo City, Miss.,
by the federals.
1874 Attempt on the life of Prince
Bismarck by Kullmann.
1878 Close of the Berlin congress
for the settlement of the eastern ques
tion. 1894 Patrick E. PrendergaEt exe
cuted for the assassination of Mayor
Carter Harrison of Chicago.
1895 Porflrio Diaz was re-eleeted
president of Mexico without opposi
tion. '
1898 A mild type of yellow fever
appeared among the American troops
in Cuba.
1900 Bombardment of Tien Tsin by
the allies, who lost 775 killed and
wounded in eighteen hours' fighting.
1915 Martial law was proclaimed
throughout Spain because of the rail
road strikes.
Hie Day We Celebrate.
Richard M. Laverty is Just 43 today.
He Is actively identified with the live
stock commission business in Omaha.
Dr. H. M. Allwine, the dentist, was
born July 18, 1885, at Gainsburp, Pa.
He graduated from Maryland univer
sity at Baltimore.
W. C. Langdon. veterinarian, is 65
today, He was born at Mt. Pleasant,
N. J., and was located at Fargo, N. D.,
before cominsr to Omaha.
Dr. Franklin H. Martin, Chicago
surgeon, head of the department of
medicine and surgery of the Council
of National Defense, born at Ocono
mowoc, Wis., sixty years ago today,
Rt Hon. Walter Hume Long, sec
retary of state for the colonies in the
British cabinet, born at Bath, England,
sixty-three years ago today.
Orion M. Barber, associate judge of
the United States court of customs
appeals, born at Jamaica, Vt, sixty
years ago today. '
Sidney Webb, eminent English
economist and writer on social and in
dustrial problems, born in London
fifty-eight years ago today.
Mary E. Woolley, president of Mt.
Holyoke college, born at South Nor
walk, Conn., flf ty-four years ago today.
Timely Jottings and Reminders.
"Friday, the thirteenth."
The grand lodge of the order of
Elks concludes its meeting in Boston
today.- -
Representatives of the motion pic
ture industry throughout the country
will assemble in Chicago today for the
annual convention and exhibition of
the Motion Picture Exhibitors' League
of America.
Another special meeting of the
board of dlreotors of the National
Base Ball league is to be held in New
York City today to reopen the con
troversy between J.ohn K. Tener, presi
dent of the league, and John J. Mc
Graw, manager of tha New York club.
An auction sale of the furnishings
of the St. Denis hotel today will mark
the passing of the last of the famous
old hotels that onoe flourished on
lower Broadway, south of Fourteenth
street, in New York City.,
A third American conference on de
mocracy and terms of peace, similar
to the meetings held recently in New
York City and Chicago, has been
called to meet today in San Francisco.
Storyette of the Day. S
A man was very sick. He had a
good doctor, but the doctor was pua
aled about his case, so he held a con
sultation. Four other doctors came,
looked wise, shook their heads and
went away, Then the original doctor
summoned the patient's wife.
"I must tell you that your husband
is in a serious condition," he said. "If
he is religiously inclined, I should ad
vise that you send for a minister with
out delay."
"Yes, doctor," answered the wife.
"Shall I Just get the family minister
or will he need a consultation?"
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
SAND.
Caxton'a Marailna. -1
obaerwd a locomotive in tha railroad
yarda ona day.
It was waiting- In tha roundhouse, whera
tha locomotives atay;
It wa panting- for the journey, it waa
coaled and fully manned,
And It had a box the fireman aa fllllns
full of aand.
It appeara that toeomotlvei cannot alwaya
set a trip
On their alender Iron pavement 'cause the
wheela are apt to alip.
And when they reach the allppery apot their
tactica they command.
And to sat srtp upon the rail they sprinkle
it with aar.4.
If your track ta ateep and hilly and you
have e, heavy trade,
And If thoae who've t"ne before you have
the ralla quite allppery made;
It you ever reach the summit of the upper
tahleland,
Tou'll find you'll have to do It with a
liberal use of aand.
If you atrlke eoma fritld weather and dli-.
cover to your coat
That you rs liable to allp on a heavy-coat of
frost.
Then aome prompt, decided action wiU be
called Into demand;
And you'll slide clear to tha bottom tf you
haven't any aand.
Tou can tet to any station that la on lift's
schedule seen, -
It there'a fire beneath the boiler of ambi
tion's front machine.
And you'll reach the place called Richtows
at a rate of apeed that's trend
If for all the allppery places you've a ood
aupply of aand.
.-'eX
How to Check Disloyally.
Omaha, July 13. To the Editor of
The Bee: The findings of the State
Council for National Defense will be
accepted by the majority as true, but
its conclusions as to the remedy being
in a campaign of education are de
cidedly lame. The glaring defect in
the report is the omission of the names
of German sympathizers, the effect of
which is to cast suspicion upon many
innocent men, including the most of
the university professors.
The time has come to name the
tra'.tors or near-traitors and make ex
amples of them. If the council will
do its duty in that regard a campaign
of ducation would take care of itself.
The nation is at war, Let us aban
don feather-duster methods. Scotch
the snakes. LOYALIST.
Too Much Leniency Shown.
North Platfe, Neb., July 11. To the
Editor of The Bee: A special dispatch
from San Francisco says President
Wilson has requested leniency be
shown Henry Ruhl, the hotel man who
shouted "hypocrite" when the presi
dent's photograph was flashed on a
screen In a moving picture house, and
the case was dismissed accordingly.
I some times feel that too much
leniency is given to this class of people,
and in this connection I wish to say
that in this international struggle of
democracy against autocracy Amer
icans should hold to the thought that
whether a foreign-born citizen be a
German, Belgian, Frenchman, Span
iard or Englishman he should be
called upon to prove his Americanism.
JOHN P. COADY.
Cultivate Moral Couraee.,
Omaha, July 12. To the Editor of
The Bee: It is at least as necessary
for the people who remain at home in
this hour of the nation's peril to cul
tivate moral courage as It is for our
splendid young men who go to the
front to cultivate physical courage.
While commending your sound edi
torial referring to the Nebraska de
fense council's report, as well as that
report itself, I make this observation
with special reference to the council's
rtport.
Now if there are business firms in
this state who have threatened bank
ers on account of the latter's interest
in Liberty bond sales; if there are
professors In our university who are
disloyal or unpatriotic; if "most in
fluential members of the Lutheran
church" are pro-German at a time
when our nation is at war with Ger
many, then it is the right of the peo
ple to know who are these business
firms that would withdraw deposits
from banks; it is their right to know
who are the unpatriotic professors; It
is their right to have pointed out to
them the disloyal Lutherans.
My protest is simply this, Mr. Edi
tor: Neither the council nor bank
ers should place all business interests,
or even all German business men, un
der suspicion. It Should not leave
the matter in such light that every
professor in the university must either
be left under a cloud or come out in
public and say, "Is it I to whom you
refer?" It should not leave the peo
ple in the dark so that they will look
upon all "influential Lutherans" with
distrust. It is the duty of the council
to point out the things it has pointed
out. It is still more its duty to name
the disloyal people it has in mind. I
admit that it requires moral courage
to do this, but a defense council, with
out moral courage is worse than no
council at all. I sincerely trust that
Nebraska's defense council is not of
that character. Perhaps our council
only published its statement as a warn
ing. If that was its purpose I cannot
approve of the publicity. Its first
warning should have been private. If
that should fail names should be fur
nished, to the public.
L. J. QUINBY.
What Is Democracy?
Omaha, July 11. To the Editor of
The Bee: I have been reading with
a goqd deal of interest mixed with
curiosity of the way in which the
word "democracy" is so freely used
by the people of the United States, In
cluding nearly all publications, I do
not think the term democracy applies
at all to the present fight throughout
the world for the destruction of autoc
racy. I think it should be called a
fight for republicanism, and I will try
to be as brief as the subject will per
mit in elucidating my ideas on the
subject, for it is a subject that inter
ests all the people of the world today.
The general definition of democracy
that I find is: That government in
which the people rule. A form of
government in which the supreme,
power is lodged in the hands of the
people collectively, or in which the
people exercise the powers of legisla
tion. The basis of democracy is equal
ity, as that of aristocracy is privilege.
But equality of itself is no guarantee
for liberty. Absolute democracies
existed in antiquity and the middle
ages. They never have endured for
any length of time. History shows
that absolute democracy is anything
rather than a convertible term for lib
erty. The definition of a democrat
that I find is that rerson or party
who adheres to the government of tre
people and favors the extension of
the right of suffrage to all classes of
men. With such a definition before
us I think it sounds very inconsistent
for the press of tho United States to
talk so glibly about democracy when
it is well known that millions of men
are kept from voting In this nation to
day. We should show a little con
sistency before thinking of democratiz
ing the whole world.
The United States is not a democ
racy in any sense of the word. It is
a republic. The definition of a repub
lic is that of a commonwealth. A
state in which the exercise of sov
ereign power is lodged in representa-.
Uvea elected by the people, rn modern
usage it differs from a democracy or
democratic state, in which the people
exercise the powers of sovereignty
in person.
A republican government is de
scribed as a government in the repub
lican form, a government of the peo
ple. It is usually put in opposition
to a monarchical or aristocratic gov
ernment. The fourth section of the fourth ar
ticle .of the Constitution of the United
States directs that "the United State?
shall guarantee to every state in the
union a republican form of govern
ment." The form of government is
guaranteed, which supposes a form al
ready established, and this is the re
publican form of government tie.
United States has undertaker to pro
tect. The heathen Chinee, as wc usU
to call them, are more advanced to
day than we are, for they do not claim
to be what so many without knowing
what they are talking about pall a de
mocracy. The Chinese speak of the
republic and of the republican army.
The French people speak of the re
public and of the republicans and the
republican army of France.
There is no democracy in the world
today, and cannot be with sucn tre
mendous populations. The only con
sistent form of government is that of
a republic and of republican instil u
tiot:s. I think it is time a halt was called
on the glib and free use of the word
democracy, for it is not a consistent
term to use at this time. The word
democracy has been used so much of
late that it causes a suspicion on the
part of a great many people that there
is something back of all of the use. of
the term. When ithe United States
constitution guarantees a republican
form of government to. all the states
of the union it Is time the twatidle
about democracy was stopped and ta'!;
of the republican form of government
of the United States of America in
stead. FRANK A. AGNEW.
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