ARMED HEUTRALITY
DOCTRIIDEFMD
Military Measures for Defense
Against Illegal Infringe
ment by Belligerents.
USED BY U. S. IN 1798
Washington, Feb. 26. Armed neu
trahty is described by authorities on
international law as military measures
for the purpose of defending tights
of neutrals against threatened in
fringements on the part of a belliger
ent. It has generally conceri ed more
than one power and the most striking
historical instances of armed neutral
ity were those of the northern Euro
pean powers in 1780 and 1800, made
to defend the principle of free ships
and free goods adopted by treaty be
tween the Baltic powers and opposed
by England.
"If the commercial interests o' sev
. eral nations," says one authority, "are
threatened by unjust or unlawful
measures on the part of a belligerent,
which they deem unjust or dangerous,
there can be. no question . of their
right to secure their menaced inter
ests by such combinations as seem
best calculated to accomplish that
purpose.
"An armed neutrality is in fact an
alliance of several powers, usually of
a defensive character, though this is
by no means essential.'
.During the present war Holland and
Switzerland have maintained what
amounts to an armed neutrality, al
though it has been confined to land.
First Use by United States.
Arm:d neutrality was adopted by
the United States in 1798 when war
broke out between France and Spain
and France and Great Britain. Neu
trals became alarmed at the dangers
wir,i which the maritime rights were
threatened and the empress of Russia
undertook to unite them in defense
of the neutral rights. This formed
the basis of treaties between
Russia, Denmark, Sweden, Hol
land, Austria and Portugal. They
formed a league which, undei the
name of armed neutrality, undertook
to preserve inviolate the maritime
rights of neutrals. These declara
tion were recognized by the treaty
of peace between Great Britain and
France and were the established law
of nations when the United States in
1783 was recognized as independent
by the powers of the world.
While there was no indications that
President Wilson was intending to
ask other neutrals to join the United
States in armed neutrality, the fact
that he already had invited them to
' join this country in breaking off dip
lomatic relations with Germany
aroused some speculation as to
whether he might not ask neutrals
to join with the United States in the
latest move.
It was realized that there' was am
ple historic precedent for such action
and that the situation of other neu
trals gave it additional probability.
Holland, Norway and Spain espe
cially, with their merchant marine be
ing rapidly destroyed, it was pointed
ut, might consider joining with the
United States.
President Adams Acts.
The last time the United States was
in a state of armed neutrality was
during the war between France and
: England, which ended with the down
fall of Napoleon.
After many acts against American
I 1 All Uthers Infringements
10 Decisive Superiorities
Km ara the FINAL FACTS that decide how lowest-cost hauling is attained. Place all "truck
attachment!" aid by lide theee are the comparison facts as you'll find themi
1 Redden frame is extra strong It over laps Ford frame and bolts through it. This gives in
creased strength and rigidity. No aide extension to allow "weaving ," which, with other attachments,
causes racking and breaking,
2 Redden castings solid steel, instead of malleable iron,, and part for part are larger and
stronger than corresponding part in any competing device.
3 Our hub flanges and wheels are extra heavy, and our tires are over siae.
4 The Redden axle is the strongest a regulation 2-ton axle, 2M inches square.
5 The "Redden-Truck-Maker" is the ONLY ATTACHMENT using two shackle-bart) others
have hut ona. . ,
6 The "Redden-Truck-Maker" is the ONLY attachment with solid steal, swivel jointed radius
nods and they ere extra heavy.
- ,7 The "Redden-Truck-Maker" it the ONLY attachment with 5 brakes there are 2 extra large
service brakes on rear hub drums there era 2 brakes on the Ford hub drums, also the Ford service
brake. Other attachments have only 3 brakes.
8 The "Redden-Truck-Maker" can be attached in lets time than any other, and does not
necessitate any cutting of the Ford axle.
8 -The "Redden-Truck-Maker" it the ONLY attachment which conform! to the S. A. E. (So
ciety of Automobile Engineers) standards.
10 Backed by manufacturing facilities and financial resources greater than any other con
cern in the business.
. If you are interested in keeping delivery costs down to the lowest figure you will take the
time necessary to prove up these 10 decisive superiorities of the "nidden-Truck-Maker."
$350 and a Ford Makes a
Guaranteed 1 -ton Truck
This IImim
elac.4 en
' the -Rteeia-Trade
Maker"
is rear pat
ent protection
commerce bound for England, France,
on January 18, 1798, decreed that
every vessel found at sea loaded with
merchandise produced in England or
its possessions could be made a prize.
Manv American vessels were seized
and iii June, 1798, president Adams
began to obtain from congress broad
authority to protect American com
merce and to put the United States
in a better position to make war if
it became necessary.
In rapid succession laws were made
to increase the naval armament, to
authorize a provisional army, to ar
rest and expel aliens, to authorize the
defense of merchant ships against
trench war vessels and to enable trie
president to borrow money.
On July 7, 1798, President Adams
approved an act reciting that since
treaties had been violated by France,
just claims for reparation refused and
a system of "predatory violence" had
been pursued by the French govern
ment the United States was "of right
freed and exonerated from the stipu
lations of the treaties" and that these
compacts should not henceforth be
regarded as legally obligatory on the
government or citizens of the United
States.
Later, in the same year, further pro
visions were made for augmenting the
army and George Washington ac
cepted the chief command. The attor
ney general held that the acts of
France and the legislation by congress
gave him the opinion that there not
only existed "an actual maritime war
between trance and the united
States, but'a maritime war authorized
by loth nations."
France Pays Indemnity.
The difficulty with France was not
settled for many years. Thirty years
later France agreed to pay 25,000,000
francs to satisfy American claims, al
though many years before that time
its depredations on American com
merce and American reprisals had
ceased.
Woman Sues Rich
Rancher; Says He
"Trifled On Her"
Maud S. Sweatt, an Omaha woman,
is suing James B. Sweatt, said to be
a wealthy rancher in, the western part
of the state, for divorce in district
court on the grounds that the- mar
riage was allegedly a mistake for
"physical and tempermental reasons."
The Sweatts were 'married In
Omaha on December 23, 1916. The
wife alleges that less that i month
later he "trifled on her." . She says
that she hasn t lived with him since.
Another allegation is that the
rancher did not want to support her
aged, mother. Gcneroui alimony is
asked.
Frank Kinkenon Builds
Sweetest Car On Market
An automobile made entirely of
candy is on exhibition at Courtney's
store, the saccharine masterpiece,
built In honor of the auto show, is
the work of Frank Kinkenon, head of
the Courtney baking and candy de
partment.
It is absolutely complete in every
outward detail, even to the red light
behind, license number and speed
ometer. It standi about three feet
long. At i distance of five feet you
can t tell that it is made of candy,
it looks so perfect down to the small
est detail.
"It certainly is the sweetest car on
the market," he said.
(Licensed Under Cook Patents)
THE BEE: OMAHA, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1917.
PUBLISHERS AGREE
TO PAPER CONTRACT
Vote to Use Less Matter This
Year in Order That All
May Have Share.
OVER HUNDRED PRESENT
Washington, Feb. 26. Newspaper
publishers from throughout the
United States, meeting here today
with the Federal Trade commission,
voted unanimously to co-operate with
the commission if it decides to ac
cept the proposal by news print manu
facturers that the commission fix a
price for their products. The pub
ishcrs agreed to reduce their re
quiremeiits if necessary to make the
plan successful.
Francis J. Heney, speaking for the
commission, told the publishers that
any who would not agree to hold
natter retirements to the minimum
would be kept from benefiting by the
price reduction it tne commission
could accomplish that. More than
100 publishers were present.
Not One in Negative.
The final consent of the publishers
to the plan came after a day of con
ferences, at which many of the large
newspaper owners objected strongly
to anv condition that would take from
them any paper tncy nave contracted
for. Small publishers and members
of the trade commission, however,
pointed out that success of the pro
posal depended entirely on such a
concession and when a vote was taken
not a publisher voted in the negative.
This resolution was adopted as rep
resenting the attitude of the publish
ers present:
"Resolved, That the newspaper pub
lishers present at this meeting agree
to use less news print paper in 1917
than they did in 1916, with the thought
in mind that thev will create a sur-
Lpius which will insure a supply to all
newspapers, particularly tne smauci
papers, which have difficulty in secur
ing an adequate supply; and we rec
ommend to all newspaper publishers
that they do likewise in our com
mon interest."
Danger of Shortage.
Members of the commission had
declared positively that no price ar
bitration plan could be taken up un
less publishers would co-operate to
the extent of reducing tonnage if it
became necessary. They said, how
ever, that it might not become neces
sary for any publisher to use less than
he needs. The danger, as they saw
it, was that publishers would take
advantage of the lower price to go
into the market for large quantities
of paper and bring about a shortage.
The statement was made that the
commission's investigation had shown
there was no shortage but that the
margin between production and con
sumption was close. It was made
clear the commission would enter into
no arbitration plan with the price
alone the factor and with no arrange
ment as to distribution.
Plaster Takes Long Fall
Landing on Elevator
(From a Staff Corretpimdent.)
Lincoln, Feb. 26. (Special.) Deni.
zens of the state house thought the
old shell was falling down last night
when a large amount of plaster and
heavy mortar in the elevator shaft
broke lose and fell from the third
floor to the bottom of the shaft, strik
Vtolt uur Exhibit at the Truck Shew.
Foshier Brothers & Bixby
DISTRIBUTORS
R. W. CRAIG. Inc.
2056 Fara.ni St., Omaha, N.b.
Local Dealer
242 Fanum St., Omaha, Neb.
Learn about this woftdertul monry-m.kini oODor
tualty whr you ehould ,.t tho arotoctioii
ol the Cook P.tente.
Redden Motor Truck' Co. v
1442 Mlchlfaa Avenue, Chicafo.
PRESIDENT OF SMITH MO
TOR TRUCK CORPORATION.
E. T. ROSENFELD.
ing the top of the cage. W. H.
Combs, who runs the elevator, saw
visions of angels and such things for
a little while after the stuff struck
the cage, but luckily no one was
harmed. The cage made several trips
up and down before it was deemed
safe to allow it to carry passengers.
Cars Are Already Getting
Back Onto Their Own Lines
Railroad freight traffic officials as
sert that while the order requiring
that eastern roads start the cars of
western roads toward home has been
in effect only a few days there is an
easing up in the car shortage. Already
some of the cars that were tied up for
months' throughout tne east are get
ting back onto owner lines and are
being loaded out.
MORE FOOD RIOTS
IN NEWYORK CITY
Police Called Out to Disperse
Several Hundred Women Who
Attack Vegetable Wagon.
OWNER DRAWS WEAPON
New York, Feb. 26. Food rioting
broke out again here today on the
east side. Police reserves were called
out to disperse several hundred wom
en who attacked a vegetable wagon
and started to dump barrels of pota
toes and onions into the street.
The women were resisted by the
owner, who drew a revolver, and
threatened to shoot. He was ar
rested and was followed to the police
station by a menacing crowd of
women.
Washington, Feb. 26. Appropria
tion of $6,000,000 for federal .elief in
the present foud situation and future
investigation to devis: better market
ing and distributing methoi was pro
posed in a resolution introduced today
by Senator Borah of Idaho. Action
upon the resolution was deferred.
Delegations from the Indiana pub
lic service commission and the In
dianapolis bt ard of trade today re
quested tne car service commission
of the' American Railway association
to use its utmost endeavors to supply
Indianapolis with a larger number of
cars for the eastern shipment of grain
and grain products. Assurances were
given that all that could be done to
relieve the situation at Indianapolis
would be done as speedily as possible
by the railroads.
Reports from the chief points of
congestion today said the relief work
still continued and that many trains
of box cars were dispatched west
daily.
Give your Want Ad a chance to
make good, Run it in The Bee
The
-what
it
In exhibiting the famous Gold Car at the Automobile. Shows,
Studebaker did not have in mind the one thought of merely creat
ing the greatest sensation of the shows of outdoing very other
exhibitor.
Studebaker's purpose in evolving the Gold Car was a desire to
exemplify the quality, style and distinction of the Series 18 Stude
baker line of motor cars.
The Gold Car is a Series 18 Studebaker, seven-passenger, six-'
cylinder touring car with a Victoria top, finished in purest white
enamel and 24 carat gold.
It is a symbol of Studebaker worth.
When a motor car is really beautiful it never fails to receive
immediate attention and cheerful praise. It stands out from the
great mass of cars as one of the elect. Everybody admires it.
As interested spectators crowded around this center of attrac
tion at the shows, the paramount thought seemed to find expres
sion in the ?ne phrase "What Beautiful Lines!"
A Series 18 Studebaker touring car, in the new, standard fin
ish of gun-metal gray and with the regular touring car top, stand
ing alongside the Gold Car proved that the beautiful lines of the
Gold Car were identically the same but accentuated and em
phasized by the gold and white finish.
Like the highest priced cars on the market, Studebaker retains
its beautifully distinctive lines, without faddish or freakish
change. Simplicity and dignified elements have been perfected
in the Studebaker body owing to constant refining and perfecting
of good basic lines.
A Studebaker is an investmentit is a standard of value, like
a piece of gold. Its prestige is built upon the foundation of over
sixty-four years' reputation, for making the highest quality pro
ducts. And the buyer of a Studebaker knows that Studebaker
heat treated steels, Studebaker standards of accuracy and Stude
baker efficiency of manufacturing method's make Studebaker cars
the highest quality cars on the market for the money.
STUDEBAKER
SOUTH BEND, IND. DETROIT, MICH.
Studebaker Wilson, Incorporated
Farnam St. at 25th Ave., Omaha
Senator Albert Disgusted
At Jury's Recommendation
(From a Staff Correspondent.)
Lincoln,- Feb. 26. (Special.) "If
those fellows had a lick of sense, they
would know that they could repeal the
law regarding prostitution and every
other law on the statute books, and
then the ordinances of Omaha would
still stand againb the very thing
which it is reports' the grand jury
favored."
Thus sooke Senator Albert today.
when informed that the grand jury of
Douglas county had practically pro
nounced the law which he fathered
four years ago and which bears his
name, a failure in Omaha.
The senator from Platte .did not ap
pear to take very kindly to the recom
mendation of the grand jury that a
segregated district " for houses of
prostitution was preferable to having
them scattered promiscuously over the
residence portion of Omaha and out
side of being considerably disgusted
over the matter would not talk fur
ther than making the above remark.
City Passenger Officials
Have Feast at the Castle
The annui.1 dinner of the Omaha
Railroad Passenger association, given
Saturday evening at the Hotel Castle,
was the most successful in the history
of the organi-ation. Covers were laid
for seventy-six persons, who sat down
at the tables at 6:30, feasting and be
ing entertained until nearly midnight
There was a well staged cabaret,
the pupils of Prof. Chambers enter
taining. There were numerous songs
by members of a colored quartet,
with the star feature of the evening
being a lantern slide picture trip over
the New York Central from New
York Citv to Niagara Falls, with side
trips through the Thousand Islands
an.d the Adirondack mountains.
Thirteen Hundred Pairs
Of Shoes for Hospital
(From a Staff Correspondent.)
Lincoln, Feb. 26. (Special.) Thir
teen hundred pairs of shoes for
patients at the Ingleside hospital for
stands
WALKERVILLC
OLD
AR
for
the insane at Hastings represent the
largest single requisition on the State
Board of Control for foot wear. Su
perintendent Fast has just requested
this number, which represents a new
pair for every patient in the institu
tion. The cost of shoes wholesale is from
a quarter to a third more than two
years ago less in proportion than the
retail fluctuation in the same period.
Put Stomach in
Fine Condition
Says Indigestion Results from an
Excess of Hydrochloric
Acid.
Undigested food delayed in the
stomach decays, or rather, ferments
the same as food left in the open air,
says a noted authority. He also tells
us that Indigestion is caused by
Hyper-acidity, meaning there is an
excess of hydrochloric acid in the
stomach which prevents complete di
gestion and starts food fermentation.
Thus everything eaten tours in the
stomach much like garbage sours in
a can, forming acrid fluids and gases
which inflate the stomach like a toy
balloon. Then we feel a heavy, lumpy
misery in the chest, we belch up gas,
we eructate sour food or have heart
burn, flatulence, water-brash or nau
sea. He tells us to lay aside all digestive
aids and instead get from any phar
macy four ounces of Jad Salts and
take a tablespoonful in a glass of
water before breakfast and drink '
while it is effervescing and, further
more, to continue this for a week.
While relief follows the first dose, it
is important to neutralize the acidity,
remove the gas-making mass, start
the liver, stimulate the kidneys and
thus promote a free flow of pure di
gestive juices.
Jad Salts is inexpensive and is made
frorn the acid of grapes and lemon
juice, combined with lithia and sodium
phosphate. This harmless salts is used
by thousands of people for stomach
trouble with excellent results. Adv.
ont.
3iC