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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 23, 1916)
The Omaha Sunday Bee Magazine Page -. l 7m 7 L 7 " I Iv'r' ' ' 1 '' - ' - '- ' "'Av-' ' , "' V . U '. t A" , '' '.' '. . . J.,T , 1 'rsSKV Chi. WW ' 'C ' .''.iV.",'.."';';':r''' ':-'L. ' ".'.-'A u "'-. .v;-' " 7, ,7. 'v :'a .... mSv- -,:V iK'' r W-V .. .;.Ji.w:vl-i;; V4v.--.f..-?..-S -A. f T'r. -7-':.; '.'v';wY -,.i-:.iVVJvV- . V-t. . "7-. :.;Ji;-.-7.;; ;7-7:5,; ' ' , , C:rr, ..'-.a . ; . !: ; ; ,-.;r:J. v1'''-' .. .7; - S i i J77:""t-,i-77 7;.'7-; ' . I I v i'-' 'Tr-7 ' 7 7' ; J I . . .- . . ; ' ; : " - 7' 7 r ; ADY DUFF-CORDON, tha faou "LsciU" of Lon doa aad foramotf craator of f uhiont ia tha worlj, writ eack waek' tha fufiioa article for this atwi- papar, predating all that it acwttt uxl bail ia tyle for wall baad woataat. Lady Duf-Gordoa Pari autlit!)OMnt brings Kr Into cloat touch with thai caatre of fathioa. By Lady Duff-Gordon THESE photographs (1t a excellent Idea of two tormi of the new bodices. The 4rei ta the top picture It of flesh-colored tulle, with hemstitched circles and festoons of ire en tulle. In each circle ere bunches of ellrer end black band-made flowers. The bodice Is one of the very newest, high and Just a little etiff kind. The suggestion of the olden dars is further car rled out by the ribbon which takes the place of the sash and falls from the sholder knot. The other little costume has ser eral noreltles. The dress itself Is of net and lace. The wrap Is filmy and light There is a plain band of lace, with a frill of horsehair ribbon. Be hind this is a strip of genet fur. The headdress la entirely new, and, I think, charming. It is of lace and little lace bow hold it in place at back. The whole effect of this cos tume Is one of softness and dainti ness, and the bodice is designed to carry this out It Is rery low. of course, and very simple. While' many of the attractive bodices have the long waist effect In front such as this dress at the top, the tendency Is entirely away from any of the mediaeval touches ao popular some time ago. The mid-Victorian influence has entirely banished, the Moyan Age. Tht drt$$ In I As npptt left-hand corner itafeh colored talle, with hem etilched circlet. It how$ one of the new bodice. - On the right-hand aide la a back view of the tame, bodice and dree. The photograph at the lower left-hand corner It a dainty evening drett, with far-trimmed wrap, and another form of bodice, CXucfle" Models) .- ' : ' : f .7 ' " 7 X-X.y -.vY--YYv;f7"-, v: j s77X-7:v;7:;-..Y.: ' -,; 7v'- , '. iY- U- 7'"7V7''" 7 i ' : . ' ' 7f;: -'v J 1 f . - in. : . r How the World's First Armies Compares With Those Now Fighting r By H. M. TIRARD (The Distinguished Egyptologist) N tho midst of the (teat war In which we are engaged the soldiers of ancient Egypt arouse our Interest anew, tor like the Belgians of to-day they also loved peace and quietness; they believed the security of their land to be guaranteed not by treaties safeguarding their neutrality, but by the natural boundaries of their country, the sea and the desert. Happy and gay they lived at ease In a valley bathed In sunshine all the year round and watered by the fertilizing Inundation of their wonderful river. No wonder they bated fighting and became an easy prey to their Invaders. Yet now and again In the old time even , the soldiers of ancient Egypt taking advantage of dissensions among their rulers, succeeded In freeing their land from their conquerors, and at one memorable time, , long before our era, these Inhabitants of the valley of the Nile were bold enough to claim the empire of the world. With success In war public opinion In ancient Egypt changed as to the ethics of warfare, for, though In the older periods war 4s spoken of as a necessary evil, yet In the time of the great Egyptian Empire, in spite of many complaints of robbery and cruelty practiced by the soldiers, we read of war as the highest good for the country. The earliest army of Egypt of which we have any record seems to have been more akin to our old militia than to our regular army. Every town and every village as well as each temple estaU had to supply and equip a certain number o men for the army, and in time of war, as In France to-day, the younger prlefets were probably obliged to serve In the ranks. Thje servants and retainers of the great nobles were also enrolled according to the feudal ' system under the command of their various entertains,. These chieftains were not necessarily trained soldiers, and la time of peace they had to undertake civil duties, such at the organization of the great mining and quarry ing expeditions In the Sinai Peninsula, as well as the transport work of conveying immense blocks from the quarries to the temple building;!. In time of war when the army was mobilized special corps were formed of Nubians from the south as well as of Libyan mercenaries, each under their own officers.. The Madol, a warlike tribe south of the second cataract, aup ' plied Urge bodies of soldiers to the Egyptian army, and the word Madol, probably signifying hunter, became the ancient Egyptian term for soldier and passed Into the Coptic as Matol. Desert tribes always make good soldiers: like Ishmael of old, they enjoy life wiien their hand Is against every man: they have splendid fighting qualities born of the wild desert :ife. and Aran warriors have more than once put to flight the armies of civilized nations. In ancient Egypt the commissariat was an Important special department under Its own officials, who had to give account to the commander-in-chief. We have details of the good commissariat arrangements about 2000 D. C. when an expedition of 3,000 men was sent by the Hammamat road to the ned Sea. A wave of martial enthusiasm and of national prosperity rwept over the country after the expulsion of the Hyksos about the sixteenth century II. C, and, after clearing their native land of the foreign Invaders, the soldiers were Incited by their leaders to carry their arms Into the enemy's country. Recruiting agents were appointed from among the class of scribes, and the army was reorganized on a far larger scale, and. In spite of the essential non warlike character of her people. Egypt became a miliary Bute. Raids and pillage brought riches Into the country, and tribute was exacted from all conquered tribes. The wealth of Asia lured the armies onward, and for perhaps three centuries the whole nation was obsessed by the lust of war. Ia this time of Egyptian conquest the arrnrwas divided into two great bodies, the army of the south and the army of the north; Rameses the Great aubdivided It again into four great divisions named after the great gods Ha, Amen, ?". IS. I'jr Ik SIM Coaip". Orat BrtUla BJlkU BaMr Ptah and Sutkh, the king himself taking command of the division of Amen. The troops were again subdivided Into squadrons under captains and officers of lower rank, and several regiments were formed of allied troops and mer cenaries who were regularly drilled and trained with the native Egyptian soldiers. Among these mercenaries were the Sberden, who may have been the ancestors of the sea roving Bardln'ans; they are unmistakable In the repre sentations with their curious spiked helmets reminding us of the German headgear of to-day. Strategy and tactics have their place In the training of the officers, and though at most the forces la the field cannot have numbered more than twenty to thirty, thousand men, yet we. read of the wings', and the centre of the army, as well as of flank attacks. t In time of war the king appointed xne commander-in-chief, who had the right to appoint officers to subordinate commands. The commander-in-chief was often a prince of the royal house,' and other princes often competed for the higher appointments under him, though whether any competitive examination was held for army appointments we know not, ..... - . - Corresponding with the colors of our troops each ancient Hgyptlan regiment probably had a standard, a pole with the figure of an animal, an ostrich feather, a fan or some othrr device at the top, round which the men gathered. Their standards were reverenced as religious symbols, and may have been the survivals of the tribal fetishes, which, adopted by esch province or nome, afterward became the regimental badge belonging to the militia of that nome. In the same way as we have our Lancers or Rifles, the Egyptians also classified their regiments according to the arms they carried, they had their Archers, their Lancers and their Spearmen; some ot the Lancers bad a dagger stuck In the belt and carried. In addition to their long lance, a short curved sword. Large shields were probably supplied to the whole body of Infantry. A light wand, .uitlur to the cane carried by our officers, Is seen In one representation In the hand of each fifth man, and may serve to indicate a subordinate officer In command of four. The Guards, to whom the safety of the king's person waa committed, were divided Into two bodies of men, all equip ped with lances to which battle-axes were added tn the case of one corps and shields In the other, while the Offi cers carried either clubs or. wands. The soldiers probably sang en route, In the same way as our men nowadays. Many love songs and war songs have come down to us, but who can tell which they sang on the march? Two thousaniVyears hence men may indeed wonder why the English soldiers sang "Tlpperary" la the Great European War of the twentieth century: it is only when the music as well as the words are extant that we can realize why soldiers adopt one song more than an other; In all ages they care more for the good marching quality of the music than for the world. It will have been seen from what has been said that (he army of ancient Kgypt was composed of the most heterogeneous elements. Such an army could only be kept together by the firm hnnd of a strong ruler who could weld together this motley crtw of mercenaries and native levies. Unfortunately Ramses ill. was succeeded by weak kings, and gradually not only the Egyptian Empire, but also the Egyptian army, fell to pieces. The garrisons that were placed In the conquered towns became another source of weakness, for these garrison troops consisted, as a rule, not of native Egyptians but of Nubian or Asiatic auxiliaries, many ot whom were the old enemies of Egypt In the later clays ot the Ramesside kings the priesthood of Amen at Thebes rose to great power, and decorations, fcuch ss formerly were bestowed for valor in the field were now showered on the members of the priesthood,' who at last succeeded In making themselves rulers of the country. Thus throughout thctr history. "it Is clearly seen that the boldiers of Egypt, whether ancient or modern, only fight well under leaders whom they trust. They have learned now to trust their British rulers, and they know that suo- cess In this great war means the, continued good govern ment of the Urltlbh I'rotectorate of Egypt , - .